Marble Goby Research Articles

Assessment on the effects of dietary fatty acids on growth performance, body compositions, plasma lysozyme activity and sensorial quality of juvenile marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fatty acids on the growth performance, body compositions, plasma lysozyme activity and sensorial quality of juvenile marble goby. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain different dietary oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9)/ linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) ratios ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 by manipulating the dietary oil sources. Fish oil was the main oil source for control diet (FO), while the other three diets, 50% of the dietary lipid was contributed by plant oil in which soybean oil, canola oil and a mixture of soybean and canola oils were added at the expense of fish oil and expressed as SO, CO and SOCO respectively. The results showed that feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed CO was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than fish fed FO and SO, indicating that high dietary OA adversely affected the feed utilization of fish which then resulted in inferior weight gain. On the other hand, dietary OA/ LA ratio did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the whole body and fillet proximate compositions, and biological indices of fish except for hepatosomatix index (HSI) that was significantly higher in fish fed LA rich diets, SO and SOCO. Hepatic lipid of fish fed SOCO was significantly higher than that of other treatment group, although the dietary LA content in SOCO was lower than that in SO diet, suggesting that feeding fish with LA rich diet increased the HSI, and the interaction between fatty acids in the mixture of soybean and canola oils promoted the lipid accumulation in liver. Besides, high dietary LA positively affected the fillet sensorial quality. On the other hand, plasma lysozyme activity of the fish was increased with the increasing ratio of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids/ omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Ikan dalam Mengonsumsi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms.) di Danau Tondano, Kabupaten Minahasa

This research was conducted to determine the type of fish that effectively consumed water hyacinth in Tondano Lake. This research was conducted during August to December 2017. To know the effectivenes of fish that consume water hyacinth is using grasscarp, silverbarb, marble goby, and snakehead gudgeon fish with size range of 10-30 cm were used. Aquarium size of 120 x 40 x 40 cm was used as tank equipped with camera for observation. The results showed that grasscarp effectively consume 3.2 g of water hyacinth per day.

Molecular characterization of vasa homologue in marbled goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata: Transcription and localization analysis during gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

Identification of germ cell markers is important for investigating reproduction biology in fish. Vasa is one of the most studied germ cell markers in mammals and lower vertebrates including fish. Here, we characterized a vasa homologue from the fish marbled goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata), termed omvasa. The full length of omvasa cDNA is 2344 bp and encodes 658 amino acids, sharing high identities with Vasa homologues of other vertebrates. OmVasa protein contains 15 RG/RGG repeats at N-terminus, 2 ATPase motifs, as well as RNA unwinding and RNA binding domains at C-terminus. Phylogenetic tree showed that omVasa had the closest relationship with the Vasa homologue from the fish Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, the great blue-spotted mudskipper. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that omvasa was specifically transcribed in gonads, and the transcription level was gradually increased during oocyte development. The germ cell-specific distribution of omvasa mRNA was revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. In ovary, the signal of omvasa RNA displayed strong-weak-strong dynamics from oogonia over pre-vitellogenic oocytes to vitellogenic oocytes. In testis, omvasa signal was strong in spermatogonia, modest in spermatocytes but undetectable in spermatids and somatic cells. During embryogenesis, the transcription of omvasa mRNA was high at blastula stage, gradually decreased from gastrula stage and maintained at a low level in later developmental stages. Whole mount in situ hybridization indicated that omvasa mRNA was specific to primordial germ cells (PGCs). In summary, marbled goby vasa is a germ cell-specific transcript during gametogenesis, and can be used as an ideal marker for tracing PGC formation and migration, which is pivotal to germ cell manipulation in this species.

Feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker, 1852) fed acidified diets

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) on acidified diets. Five fish meal-based diets at various pH levels (2.5, 3.2, 4.3, 5.3, and 6.0 (control)) were prepared, and each of them was fed to 10 wild-caught O. marmorata juveniles (body length 7.7–9.3 cm; each fish was placed in an aquarium, hence each dietary treatment was in 10 replicates) for 20 days. Throughout the feeding trial, O. marmorata juveniles showed clear increments in the daily ingestion ratio (IR) values of AD 2.5, AD 3.2, and AD 4.3. The control diet and AD 5.3 were almost totally rejected by the fish. On day 20, the IR of AD 2.5 (0.46) and AD 3.2 (0.36) were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those of AD 5.3 (0.1) and the control diet (0.02). In addition, 70% of fish fed AD 2.5 achieved a high IR value (0.6 – 1.0), and this was the best result among all the treatments (AD 3.2, 60%; AD 4.3 50%; AD 5.3 and control, 10%). These results suggested that acidified diets can be used to wean O. marmorata juveniles, and the recommended pH level was 2.5.

Protein and fatty acid profile of marine fishes from Java Sea, Indonesia

Priatni S, Ratnaningrum D, Kosasih W, Sriendah E, Srikandace Y, Rosmalina T, Pudjiraharti S. 2018. Protein and fatty acid profile of marine fishes from Java Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1737-1742. Indonesia is the second largest producer of capture fisheries products in the world and the most capture fisheries production comes from marine fisheries. Marine fish is a source of protein, amino acid, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which are important components of diet. The objective of the study was to investigate the protein and fatty acids profile of nine marine fish samples from Java Sea of Indramayu West Java, Indonesia. The analysis data showed that the total protein content of fish samples ranged from 61.07% (Pampus argenteus) to 86.56% (Tetraodontidae). Meanwhile, total lipid content of fish samples ranged from 1.73% (Tetraodontidae) to 9.82% (Leiognathus equulus). The concentration of α-Amino Nitrogen (AN) of fish protein hydrolysate was ranging from 31 mM (Nemipterus hexodon) to 69 mM (Mystacoleucus padangensis) and% Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) was ranging from 9.33% to 20.39%. The molecular weight of protein fish samples had similar profiles primarily for almost all samples, which could be observed from a typical band with the weight around 49 kDa. The saturated fatty acid (Ʃ SFA) compositions of fish species ranged from 1094.03-4233.03 µg/g. Oleic acid (MUFA) content of all fish species ranged from 257.91-1216.06 µg/g. However, only three fish species contain of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) linoleic acid as the following; Selaroides leptolepis (171.36 µg/g), Oxyeleotris marmorata (249.40µg/g) and Tetraodontidae (140.35 µg/g). The highest SFA content was found in S. leptolepis with palmitic acid (C16:0) as the dominant saturated fatty acid (2320.88 µg/g). S. leptolepis also contained high oleic acid (1216.06 µg/g) and linoleic acid (171.36 µg/g).

The catching efficiency of light traps and morphology of the native species from Barito river, Indonesia

Various fishing gears are being used for harvesting fish and shrimp in Barito River, Indonesia. However, the use of lighted traps is still poorly studied. A set of fishing gears associated with light emitting diode (LED) and incandescent lamps was used as sampling tools. The trials consisted of 113-trap hauls/lamp type using 1-night submersion time of 15 h. The light traps were standardized to a catch per unit effort (CPUE). The light traps sampling accounted for 397 specimens assigned to 11 species of 7 families. There was highly significant difference in the number of catches between shrimp and fish (P<0.001). Shrimp sizes ranged of 24–85 mm total length and 0.3–10 g weight, while for fish 27–310 mm and 0.4–101 g. Yellow and red LED light traps seemed to be effective in catching Macrobrachium rosenbergii as well as white LED ones for Oxyeleotris marmorata. Both species solely showed positive allometric growth type (b = 3.42 and 3.28), while other species displayed negative allometric growth pattern (b = 0.82–2.71) with the condition factor (K) values ranged of 0.36–1.56. A new native species Macrobrachium sp. were found and considered as multichromatic species. The size and shape of the light traps did not affect number of catch. The mean CPUEs for incandescent and LED light traps were 0.07±0.06 and 0.13±0.20 fish net-1 night-1. No significant difference in the relative catching efficiency between both light trap types was observed.

A preliminary study to determine the potential of a prototype feeding stimulant in improving the weaning of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus)

This study was conducted to determine the potential of a prototype feeding stimulant (FS) comprised of amino acids and nucleotides to improve the weaning of Oxyeleotris marmoratus. Two diets (control and FS) were formulated and fed to 2 groups of fish for 14 days. Six fish were in each group. Each fish was in one aquarium and each fish was a replicate. The body lengths were 7.7-9.3 cm. Each fish was given 5-pellet feedings at 17:00 daily and the ingested feedings were recorded the next day at 12:00. Fish fed the FS diet started ingestion on the1st day and attained a higher ingestion ratio of 0.5 and 50% were successfully weaned. However, on the 8th day, fish fed the control diet had an ingestion ratio of 0.17 and 16.7% were successfully weaned. In conclusion, the FS efficiently promoted feed intake and it can be used to improve the weaning of O. marmoratus.

Population genetic diversity of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) inferred from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis.

Population genetic diversity of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) inferred from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis.

Application of ecohydraulic bank protection model to improve river bank stability and biotic community in Surabaya River

Ecohydraulic river bank protection design was developed as ECO-RIPRAP model and has been applied along 100 meter length to restore accelerated erosion sites in Surabaya River at Wringinanom and Klubuk. The model combined re-profiled and re-vegetated bank with rock toe reinforcement and addition of log groynes at 10 meter length interval. Various native plant species were planted on bank slopes, including water plants Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes , grasses and shrubs Ipomoea carnea, Pluchea indica, Saccharum spontaneum, Arundo donax, and native tree species Ficus glomerata, Bambusa arundinacea, Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa vulgaris, Ficus benjamina, Dillenia indica, Psidium guajava, Arthocarpus camansi, Arthocarpus elasticus, Hibiscus mutabilis, Nauclea sp., Inocarpus edulis, and Syzygium polyanthum. The river bank morphology after ECO-RIPRAP application showed alteration from erosion to sedimentation due to rock toe enforcement, log groynes protection, and increase of plant cover on littoral banks that decreased near bank velocity. The macro-invertebrate community shown increase of taxa richness, EPT richness, %EPT and %Atyidae, but decrease of %Chironomidae at restored sites. The fish community shown increase of taxa richness, increase of abundance by 54.2%, increase of Pangasius micronemus abundance by 25.6%, and increase of Hemibragus nemurus abundance by 6.3 % at restored reach. Rare fish species thrive back at restored area, namely Oxyeleotris marmorata , Mastacembelus unicolor and Hampala macrolepidota .

Feeding response of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) to organic acids, amino acids, sugars and some classical taste substances

Weaning from live to formulated feeds is a major challenge in the culture of marble goby Oxyeleotris marmorata. It can be solved through dietary supplementation of suitable taste substance as feeding stimulant. However, there is still no information on the suitable feeding stimulant for this species. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding response of juvenile O. marmorata to 13 organic acids, 19 amino acids, 5 sugars and 2 classical taste substances in a concentration of 0.1M. The response was judged through behavioural observations to determine the potential feeding stimulant. Fifty O. marmorata were conditioned to accept agar gel pellet, and then tested with the agar gel pellets that contained each of the taste substances. Pure agar gel pellet was used as the negative control. All agar gel pellets with organic acids were fully ingested by the fish (100%). Among the 19 amino acids tested, aspartic acid attained the highest ingestion ratio (94%) which was significantly different (P<0.05) from the others. All sugars and classical taste substances were totally rejected (0%) by the fish. The taste preference of O. marmorata for organic acids seemed to be influenced by the feed pH. Strong negative linear correlation (r=−0.828; P<0.01) was detected between the ingestion ratio and pH of the agar gel pellets when the organic acids were tested at 0.01M. The ingestion ratio increased when the pH decreased, suggesting that the O. marmorata prefers acidic food. Evidently, all the organic acids and aspartic acid tested were potential feeding stimulants for O. marmorata. In developing weaning diets by using these taste substances, the dietary pH should be monitored as it may be one of the factors that influences the fish taste preference.

Production of peptone from boso fish (Oxyeleotris marmorata) for bacterial growth medium

Underutilized Oxyeleotris marmorata fish is abundant and widespread in Indonesia. The study aimed to use O. marmorata fish for peptone production using papain from dried latex of papaya fruit. The peptone was applied as nitrogen sources for bacterial growth. The resulted peptone was optimized at 50-65°C for 5-8 hr, using 0.1% of papain at pH 6.0. Characterization of peptone was based on the soluble protein content, N-amino content, % degree hydrolysis (DH), SDS PAGE profile and growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that the optimum condition for hydrolysis was at 50°C for 7 hr (p < 0.05). Fish peptone soluble protein content was of 8.6 mg/mL, α-amino was 0.59%, and AN/TN 5.47%. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) profile of peptone showed a major band with molecular weight between 17-28 kDa. Fish peptone effectiveness for E. coli and S. aureus growth was similar with commercial bacterial peptone.

Analisis Proksimat, Protein Larut Air, dan Protein Larut Garam pada Beberapa Jenis Ikan Air Tawar Sumatera Selatan

The purpose of this study was to determine the water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein in some species of fresh water fish indigenous South Sumatera. This research was conducted on September 2014 until October 2014. The results obtained in this study were analyzed by using descriptive methods. The parameters used are chemical analysis (water content, protein content, fat content, ash content), water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein. Chemical characteristics of some of the fish used in this study is the water content for 78% catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies78.13%, 77.47 catfish (Mystus nemurus), marble goby 77.76%, 77.28% snakeheads. Ash content for 3.32% catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies 1.98%, 3.31% catfish (Mystus nemurus), marble goby 1.97%, 3.24% snakeheads. Protein content for 5.19 mg/g catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies 9.06 mg/g, 5.33 mg/g catfish (Mystus nemurus), marble goby 5.95 mg/g, 5.36 mg/g snakeheads. Fat content for 2.36% catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies 3.09%, 3.3% catfish (Mystus nemurus), marble goby 1.83%, 2.23% snakeheads. Water-soluble protein for 5.17 mg/g catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies 6.46 mg/g, 6.63 mg/g catfish (Mystus nemurus), marble goby 6.7 mg/g, 5.53 mg/g snakeheads. Salt-soluble protein for 4.08 mg/g catfish (Cryptopteru limpok), climbing gouramies 3.40 mg/g, 4.38 mg/g catfish (Mystus nemurus), sleepers 3.50 mg/g, 3.65 mg/g snakeheads

Domestication of Marble Goby [Oxyeleotris Marmorata (Bleeker, 1852)] Indogenous Fish of Citarum River, Indonesia

Research on domestication of Marble Goby [Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852)] has been conducted from September 2014 until March 2015 at Research Station, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University. The aim of the research is to find out optimum feed rate that produce highest growth. This research used experimental method, there are three treatments feeding living tilapia rates of 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively. Observed parameters are growth rate and water quality. The results showed that the growth rate with feeding rate of 2% to 4% of Marble Goby increase 0.52 g · d–1 to 0.82 g · d–1 at the second month. However, at the third month, its growth rate tends to decrease to be 0.32 g · d–1 to 0.44 g · d–1. Feeding up to 4% is not yet generating the optimum amount of feed to get fish growth maximum. The quality of water i.e temperature, pH and dissolve oxygen are still in optimum range. But the light penetration is below its optimum range.

Evaluation on the potential of betaine, taurine, nucleotide and nucleoside as feeding stimulant for juvenile marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus through behavioural assays

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of betaine, taurine, inosine (INO), inosine 5′-monophosphate disodium (IMP·Na2), and guanosine 5′-monophosphate disodium (GMP·Na2) as a feeding stimulant for juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) (total length 6.6–8.5 cm) through behavioural assays using agar gel pellets. All fish were conditioned to accept agar gel pellet before the behavioural assays started. Each chemical substance was tested on 50 replicates of individual fish once, and the overall ingestion rate was calculated as the representative data. The pure agar gel pellet was totally rejected by the fish (0 % ingestion rate). Therefore, any added test substance which can significantly improve the fish ingestion of the agar gel pellet can be the potential feeding stimulant. Of all the chemical substances tested at 0.1 M concentration, the ingestion rates of both INO and IMP·Na2 were the highest (both 100 %) and were significantly higher (P 0.1 M) may be required to improve its efficiency as the feeding stimulant. Taurine was not a feeding stimulant, and betaine was neither a feeding stimulant nor feed enhancer for the juvenile O. marmoratus.

Prevalence of fish-borne trematodes of the family Heterophyidae at Pasak Cholasid Reservoir, Thailand

The prevalence of fish-borne trematodes was investigated in various species of freshwater fish at Pasak Cholasid Reservoir in Thailand. The samples were collected from fish markets around the reservoir between June 2011 and May 2012. A total of 789 fish samples were classified into 25 species. The metacercariae (i.e., the larval stage of trematodes) were examined from 4 parts of the fish body, and evaluated using the compression method. Ten species from two families of the fish collected were found to have trematodes of various infection rates. Among the Cyprinidae there were 9 species: Barbonymus altus (100%; 14/14), Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (88.71%; 55/62), Cyclocheilichthys enoplos (49.53%; 53/107), Hampala dispar (66.67%; 6/9), Henicorhynchus siamensis (23.36%; 25/107), Hypsibarbus wetmorei (85.29%; 58/68), Labiobarbus siamensis (77.78%; 56/72), Osteochilus hasseltii (16.28%; 7/43), and Puntioplites proctozysron (53.97%; 34/63). Among the Eleotridae, only one species Oxyeleotris marmorata was found with an infection rate of 20% (2/10). Based on morphological features and corroborated by molecular genetic data, the fish trematodes were found to represent two species of the Heterophyidae, viz. Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus. Thus, it is evident that freshwater fish from the Pasak Cholasid Reservoir exhibit heterophyid trematode infections.

THE BIODIVERSITY OF NURSERY GROUND IN SWAMP AREAS IMPORTANT TO SURVIVE THE BLACK FISHES IN THE WETLAND

Fish nursery grounds are important for the life cycle of fishes and often these areas are not particularly well studied or the processes understood in Sumatra. On December 2014, The blackfishes in swamp ecosystem of South Sumatera consist of Channa striata, Clarias batrachus, Anabas testudineus, Trichogaster trichoterus, Polyacanthus hasselti, Rasbora argyrotaenia, Betta taeniata, Betta anabantoides, Monopterus albus, Notopterus notopterus, Trichogaster pectoralis, Trichogaster leeri, Oxyeleotris marmorata and Helostoma temmincki.. This observation is constitute first record of blackfishes in Sumatra. Keywords: First, nursery grounds, blackfishes, observation, sumatra.

Biological nutrient removal by recirculating aquaponic system: Optimization of the dimension ratio between the hydroponic & rearing tank components

Marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker) was cultured in a recirculating aquaponic system (RAS) containing a hydroponic tank grown with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The influence of component ratio (hydroponic tank volume to rearing tank volume) on the fish growth, vegetable yield, and nutrient removal was investigated. Increased fish growth (2.4 g/day), vegetable yield (22 kg/harvest), and nutrient removal (83% ammonia-N removal, 87% nitrite-N removal, 70% nitrate-N removal, 60% removal of total phosphorus, 88% removal of total suspended solid, 63% removal of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand) were observed at high component ratio (3 m3/m3). Component ratio was found to have a significant influence on nutrient removal and production of marble goby and water spinach in RAS. A component ratio of ≥3 m3 of hydroponic tank volume to 1 m3 of fish rearing tank volume showed advantages in improving the production of the fish and vegetable and removing the nutrient wastes, TSS, and BOD5 generated from the culture of the fish. The results indicate that RAS show exceptional promise as a means to the reduction of biological nutrients accumulated in aquaculture wastewater and in turn providing a good water quality environment for fish culture.

Manipulating Culture Conditions and Feed Quality to Increase the Survival of Larval Marble Goby Oxyeleotris marmorata

AbstractFish stocking density, feed quality, and tank color were evaluated for their effects on survival of larval Marble Goby Oxyeleotris marmorata reared at 5‐g/L salinity for 30 d. Feed quality was examined in terms of proximate composition and fatty acid profile. Fish larvae were given rotifers and brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii (R‐A) that were fed condensed cells of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (bPB) cultured in palm oil mill effluent (POME); under this feeding regime, fish stocked at a density of 15 larvae/L had significantly higher survival (42.0%) than those stocked at 20 larvae/L (33.5%) or 30 larvae/L (9.9%). At the best stocking density of 15 larvae/L, fish survival and growth were further improved when the larvae received either R‐A that were fed the whole culture broth of unsettled bacteria (cPB; survival = 60.9%) or R‐A that were fed POME (survival = 58.6%). Under similar rearing conditions, larvae reared in gray‐colored tanks showed still further significant improvement in survival (79.0%) relative to larvae that were reared in black tanks (32.5%) or transparent tanks (0.7%). Thus, optimal culture conditions for larval survival (71.4–81.9%) included rearing in gray culture tanks, stocking at 15 larvae/L, and a diet of R‐A that were fed cPB or bPB. Under those optimal conditions, survival during the critical larval period (first 10 d posthatch; 91.4–95.7%) was significantly improved. An approximate 2:2:1 dietary ratio of docosahexaenoic acid : eicosapentaenoic acid : arachidonic acid as compared to a fish tissue ratio of 7:2:1 is recommended to improve the survival and production of Marble Goby larvae.

Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Benih Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) dengan Teknik Truss Morphometrics

A study on The Gender Determination Of Betutu Germ (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) by Truss Morphometrics used survey method with Simple Random Sampling design, Betutu’s germ as sample were taken from Penjalin reservoir, Brebes. The 26 distance of 13 pile points were based or Truss Morphometrics it were recorded as variables. The result of this research indicated that the size of Betutu’s A2 (origin anterior tip of snout at upper jaw – most posterior aspect of neurocranium), A4 (origin posterior point maxillary – origin of pelvic fin), B5 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of dorsal fin), B6 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of anal fin), D1 (insertion of anal fin – origin of lower caudal fin) and D3 (insertion of dorsal II fin – origin of lower caudal fin) can differentiate the gender of Betutu’s germ.

Mitochondrial genome of the Marbled goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata)

The marble goby is a carnivorous fish native to freshwater in Asia-Pacific region, and it is marketed as a high-valued fish in some Asia countries such as China, Thailand and Vietnam. This study presents the complete mitochondrial genome of O. marmorata, which is 16,525 bp length with the genome organization and gene order being identical to that of the typical vertebrate.