Rhaponticum Carthamoides Research Articles

PSIII-18 Effect of Various Adaptogens on the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle from Kazakh White-Headed Bulls

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate qualitative characteristics of beef from bulls upon the introduction of plant- and animal-originated adaptogens. Kazakh white-headed bulls were devided into four groups (n=12): group 1 (control) - the basic ration (BR); group 2 - BR + Rhaponticum carthamoides; group 3 - BR + pantocrin; group 4 - BR + drone homogenate. The analyzed components were introduced with drinking water in an amount of 0.01 mL per 1 kg of body weight. Samples of longissimus dorsi muscle from18-month bulls were selected for analysis. The research used gas chromatography to determine the fatty acid composition of beef and capillary electrophoresis to establish the amino acid content. It was found that tryptophan (326.7 mg%) in the beef from group 1 was less by 4.66% (P≤0.05) than in the beef from group 3 and by 5.35% (P≤0.01) than in the beef from group 4. The oxyproline concentration in the beef obtained from the control group was 58.67 mg%. The value is significantly greater (2.43-4.66%) than the indices derived from groups 2-4. The maximum difference (P ≤ 0.01) was observed in group 4 (basic ration + drone homogenate). The analysis of the fatty acid composition indicates an increase in palmitic acid (by 2.8%; P≤0.05), myristic acid (by 3.2%; P≤0.05), myristoleic acid (by 2.1%; P≤0.05) in the beef from group 4 compared to the control. Rhaponticum carthamoides and pantocrin in the ration improved accumulation of alpha-linolenic acid by 1.8 (P< 0.05) and 2.3% (P< 0.05) compared with the control group. Thus, the analyzed adaptogens optimized the fatty acid and amino acid composition of beef in varying degrees. The drone homogenate demonstrated the greatest effect.

Actinobiota of <i>Rhaponticum carthamoides</i> (Willd.) Iljin roots as potential source of microbiological preparations for cropping

The paper determines the number and structure of actinomycete complexes associated with the roots of the medicinal plant – leuzea safflower (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) during long-term cultivation on sod-podzolic soil. The total number of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere varied within (4.4-13.2)×105 CFU/g of soil, and in the rhizoplane ‒ within (7.6-24.1)×103 CFU/g of roots. The complex of mycelial prokaryotes is represented by the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium, Streptoverticillium and oligospore forms. Streptomycetes dominated both in the rhizosphere and in the rhizoplane of leuzea safflower. From these microlocuses, 30 cultures of mycelial prokaryotes were isolated using selective techniques. The cultural-morphological and physiological-biochemical properties of the isolates were studied. High-performance screening conducted using a dual reporter system revealed among 19 isolates associated with leuzea roots the ability to produce protein synthesis inhibitors in four (21 %) streptomycetes cultures. PCR detection of type II polyketide synthetase genes did not reveal their carriers among streptomycetes associated with leuzea. A significant proportion (67 %) of streptomycetes isolates from the rhizosphere and rhizoplana of leuzea had moderate and high cellulase activity. It has been established that the majority (92 %) of streptomycetes in the rhizoplana complex produce indole compounds (IUC) in the amount of 40±16.1 mcl/ml, up to 61 % of isolates produce water-soluble metabolites of antifungal action. New strains of streptomyces antagonists of phytopathogenic fungi, cellulolytics and auxin producers promising for further study have been identified.

Phytochemical characteristic and activity of medicinal raw material from the leaves of pharmacopoeial plant

In 2016-2020 there was carried out a comprehensive study of the problem on involvement into the industrial turnover of ecdysterone-containing substance from the leaf parts of Rhaponticum carthamoides, which is included in the list of plants of the State Pharmacopoeia, in relation to the activity and safety of harvested raw materials. Studied were phytochemical and qualitative characteristics of medicinal raw materials obtained by alternative technology (vegetative shoots instead of roots with rhizomes). Cultivated by organic cultivation in the European North-East of Russia (Archangelsk region) with a cool and humid climate, in an agropopulation with a density of 24-28 thousand plants per 1 ha. Harvesting was carried out at the beginning of the budding phase, the concentration of the active ecdysterone substance was determined by the pharmacopoeial method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. It has been established that the objects of collection are the fractions of young and adult rosette leaves, where the accumulation of large amounts of ecdysterone is associated with the presence of increased amounts of protein substances (r2 = 0.99-0.98) and there is an inverse negative dependence on fiber (r2 = -0.99…-0.94). An indicator of increased synthesis of ecdysterone is the level of crude protein of 33-27 %, at which the concentration of ecdysterone reaches 4850-3550 mg/kg (0.49-0.36 %) at a standard of 1000 mg/kg (0.1 % based on dry substance). A high degree of availability of ecdysterone from the substance in aqueous extracts, in the temperature range from -10 to +100 ºC, with subsequent preservation of the active substances during the day by 93-98 % was revealed. Total yield of extractive substances is 50.2 % (with the standard value of 12.0 %). Complex biological activity of the extract in biotests was characterized by a stimulating effect at high dilution (10-9-10-11 M per ecdysterone) and inhibitory at low dilution (1:100). Medicinal raw materials meet the established sanitary and toxicological safety standards for the content of pollutants: it does not accumulate heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Zn; Ni, Cu, Cr) above the background level; there are no prohibited chlorine and organophosphorus compounds; radionuclide, nitrate and nitrite content is below norms of maximum allowable concentration.

Chemical Composition and Histochemical Localization of Essential Oil from Wild and Cultivated Rhaponticum carthamoides Roots and Rhizomes.

Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin is not only a source of phytosteroids and flavonoids, but is also source of essential oil (EO). This study evaluated the volatile metabolic constituents and histochemical localization of root and rhizome essential oils (EOs) from R. carthamoides populations wild-grown in Russia and cultivated in Bulgaria. The performed histochemical analysis confirmed the presence of lipophilic substances in the secretory ducts of the examined roots and rhizomes. Both EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and further analyzed by gas chromatography with mass detection. The results showed differences between the chemical compositions of both EOs. Forty-six components were tentatively identified in R. carthamoides oil from the wild population, with β-selinene (4.77%), estragole (6.32%), D-carvone (6.37%), cyperene (8.78%), and ledene oxide (11.52%) being the major constituents. In the EO isolated from cultivated R. carthamoides, twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified, with humulene (7.68%), β-elemene (10.76%), humulene-1,2-epoxide (11.55%), ledene oxide (13.50%), and δ-elemene (19.08%) predominating. This is the first report describing the histolocalization and chemical profile of EO from R. carthamoides cultivated in Bulgaria. Further research on the cultivation of R. carthamoides in Bulgaria would affect the relationship between its chemical composition and pharmacological effects.

Biotechnology of Cultivation of Rhaponticum Carthamoides (willd.) Suspension Cells: A Prospective Source of Antitumor Substances

Biotechnology of Cultivation of Rhaponticum Carthamoides (willd.) Suspension Cells: A Prospective Source of Antitumor Substances

Rhaponticum carthamoides improved energy metabolism and oxidative stress through the SIRT6/Nrf2 pathway to ameliorate myocardial injury

BackgroundRhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (Rha) is a member of the family Compositae that is widely used in folk medicine as a dietary supplement to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as senile cardiac insufficiency, and to restore myocardial function after surgery. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase, plays a considerable role in the administration of CVDs. However, the specific effects and mechanism of Rha on myocardial injury remain unknown. PurposeThis study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Rha against myocardial injury as well as its underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. MethodsA myocardial ischaemia model was established in male SD rats by subcutaneously injecting ISO. The rats were gavaged with Rha (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) or Rho (6 ml/kg) for 14 successive days and then injected subcutaneously with ISO or saline solution on the 13th and 14th days. The positive effects of Rha against myocardial injury in rats were evaluated by ECG assessment, BP measurements, H&E staining, and myocardial enzyme detection. Biochemical indicators of energy metabolism and oxidative stress, such as NAD+/NADH, ATP, and MDA, were analysed by assay kits to assess the effects of Rha. The protein and mRNA expression levels of SIRT6 and Nrf2 in the myocardium were determined by western blotting and real-time PCR. ResultsOur results showed that Rha ameliorated myocardial ischaemia and inhibited energy metabolism disorders (NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP, and LD) and oxidative stress (SOD, ROS, etc.) in rat myocardial tissue and H9c2 cells. In addition, Rha upregulated SIRT6 and Nrf2 expression in myocardial injury. Mechanistic studies then found that SIRT6 knockdown reduced the expression of Nrf2 as well as the effects of Rha on the levels of ATP, LD, and ROS, whereas activation of Nrf2 improved the effects of Rha in cells. In summary, Rha might exert its cardioprotective effects via the SIRT6-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. ConclusionThe results suggest that Rha regulates energy metabolism and oxidative stress through the SIRT6/Nrf2 signaling pathway to play a protective role in myocardial injury.

The use of Phytoadditive in lactating cows

The subject for the research was Phytoadditive containing extracts from herbs: Rhaponticum carthamoides, Serratula coronata, Filipendula ulmaria. There has been studied the effect of Phytoadditive on biochemical parameters of blood (total protein, albumins, aminotransferases, urea, total cholesterol, reserve alkalinity, calcium), indicators of milk fat, protein and average daily milk yield of lactating cows at the age of 3 years, which were divided into experimental (Phytoadditive + basic diet) and control (basic diet only) groups of 10 animals per group. Phytoadditive in powder form was administered individually to the diet of animals of the experimental group daily, once at a dose of 10 grams per head per day during 90 days. Analysis of Phytoadditive for the presence of biologically active substances showed that the major compounds in it are ecdysteroids (mainly hydroxyecdysone) and flavonoids (rutin) in a total concentration of 13.5 g/kg. At the end of the experiment in cows of the experimental group, in comparison with the initial indicators, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amount of albumin by 16.7 % (up to 45.3±2.4 g/l), calcium by 21.7 % (2.3±0.01-2.8±0.02 mmol/l). Other studied markers of the biochemical status did not change significantly (p> 0.05) and after the final blood test they were: aminotransferases (AST − 30.1±1.2 U/l, ALT − 35.0±2.8 U/l), urea (5.9±0.1 mmol / l), reserve alkalinity (20.2±2.6 vol.% CO2), cholesterol (2.8±0.1 mmol/l). All studied blood parameters did not go beyond the reference values throughout the experiment, which indicated the absence of any negative properties of Phytoadditive. At the end of the experiment, the milk indicators of cows in the experimental group had the following values: milk yield (19±0.2 kg), fat (4.3±0.4 %), protein (3.3±0.1 %), which exceeded the result in control by 5.5 %; 0.1 and 0.2 %, and in comparison with the beginning of the experiment by 18.7 %, 0.6 and 0.2 %, respectively. Thus, as the result of use of Phytoadditives in cows during lactation, a positive trend was noted in terms of its effect on milk yield, milk quality and the absence of any negative effect on the studied blood parameters.

The effect of vitamin-herbal flour from <i>R. carthamoides</i> on the blood parameters of young cattle

The article is devoted to the results of studies on the effect of vitamin-herbal flour obtained from the green mass of Rhaponticum carthamoides on Holstein black-andwhite calves at the age of 15 months to improve the morpho-biochemical status of blood. Experimental studies were carried out in LLC “Agroenterprise “Sokolovo” of the Perm Region. Rhaponticum carthamoides, used for the manufacture of vitamin and herbal flour, was grown in the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of feeding vitamin-herbal flour from Rhaponticum carthamoides on metabolic processes in the body of young cattle.Methods. In the production experiment, 15-month-old heifers of holstein 350 kg were selected. Previously, the animals were distributed into a control (main diet) and 2 experimental groups (main diet + vitamin and herbal flour (TMM) from Rhaponticum carthamoides) of 12 heads each. The main diet of heifers consisted of compound feed (KK 60-3 recipe 400). The dose and feeding period of vitamin-herbal flour: 1st and 2nd experimental groups with 15 months of life of 150 gr. and 300 gr. per day, the duration of feeding — 90 days. Vitamin-herbal flour was fed individually on the feed table. During the experiment, the general condition of the animals was monitored.Results. It was found that the introduction of vitamin-herbal flour (levzea) into the diet of young cattle (heifers) for 3 months contributed to the normalization of the morphobiochemical composition of the blood of experimental animals. The clinical condition of chicks without deviations from the physiological norm.

Study of antioxidant activity of fodder grasses using microbial test systems.

To measure the biological activities of extracts of fodder grasses Onobrýchis arenária, Galéga orientális and Rhaponticum carthamoides that are commonly planted in Europe, Middle East and eastern Africa. Microbial test-systems based on Escherichia coli BW25113 that allow measurement of gene expression, growth and survival, biofilm formation (BF) in combination with the standard chemical procedures were used. The extracts studied had radical scavenging and metal-chelating activities and induced expression of antioxidant genes via generation of hydrogen peroxide. However, the extracts did not affect bacterial growth in planktonic cultures but dose-dependently inhibited BF. The most remarkable effects were observed in G. orientalis, a high-yielding crop, rich in crude protein and fibres. Taking into account the antibiofilm activities of the extracts, a perspective for decreasing colonization of ruminants' gut with pathogenic bacteria might be suggested in case of feeding with all the grasses studied.

Rhaponticum carthamoides (Asteraceae) in the Altai Republic: Assessment of the State of the Plant Affected by Human Activities

Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin is a rhizome polycarpic plant with monocarpic generative shoots. This is a species of commercial importance. The aboveground and belowground parts of the plant are used as fodder, medicinal raw material, and material for cosmetic industry. The species is classified as rare throughout Russia, except for the Altai Republic. Irrational use leads to disruption of seed and vegetative propagation of plants. The literature data on this species mainly include resource estimates and practical applications. Variations of the morphometric characteristics of the species associated with human impact have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of the growth and development of R. carthamoides in various ecological and geographical conditions of the Altai Republic. The species was investigated in two undisturbed habitats (UH), near the village of Kaitanak and in Katun Nature Reserve (Ust-Koksinsky District), and in two sites affected by human activities, namely, livestock grazing (Seminsky Pass, Shebalinsky District) and the Shavla Protected Area (Ongudaysky District). Morphometric features of the vegetative and generative parts were studied in mature generative R. carthamoides plants. The study showed the presence of a very productive regeneration zone and a more developed system of rosette shoots with large leaves in the UH. In the sites affected by grazing, the power and productivity of R. carthamoides plants decreased, and the process of seed and vegetative propagation was disturbed. Significant correlations of features were found in the UH. The diameter of the aboveground part of plants is related to the number of vegetative rosette shoots, the size of their leaves, and the height of generative shoots (r = 0.75; 0.55; 0.63). These parameters determine the stability of individuals of the species. Adaptation of the plants in the sites affected by human activities was accompanied by the disintegration of growth and development characteristics. We revealed a decrease in the photosynthetic surface area and a reduction in the capacity of the regeneration zone. This process can lead to an impairment in the function of the species in the ecosystem and even its disappearance from the grass stand

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАУЧНЫХ ЭКСПОЗИЦИЙ БОТАНИЧЕСКГО САДА Г. АСТАНЫ

The Botanical Garden of Astana Sity (Kazakhstan) officially opened in 2018 with the participation of the first President, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the capital of Kazakhstan. The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 07, 2006 No. 175-Sh "On specially protected natural territories" and the "List of specially protected natural territories of republican significance", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 19, 2005 No. 776, the botanical garden of Astana Sity established the status of a specially protected natural territory of Republican significance. The main value of the botanical garden is its exposition areas. Geographical expositions are represented by zones with tree and shrub plantations: - "Northeast Kazakhstan", "Europe and conifers", "collection of decorative forms and varieties", "Steppe of Western Kazakhstan" and "North America", "Siberia and the Far East", "East Asia". In total, more than 13,000 tree and shrub species and more than 300 species have been planted in collection scientific sites for this period. On the territory of the garden there is a modern greenhouse complex, according to the type of climatron, with an area of 1560.4 m2, in which more than 247 plant species grow. Seven exposition sites have been created in the open-ground laboratory: The exposition of bulbous plants, Tulipa L., Narcissus L. and small-leaved plants of the genus Fritillaria L., Hyacinthus L., Crocus L., Scilla L., Muscari Mill., Galanthus L., etc., more than 80 varieties; the exposition of Hemerocallis L. has 52 varieties; the exposition of Iris L. consists of 4 species and more than 35 varieties., (bearded and not bearded); exposition medicinal plants -73 species from 60 genera and 29 families. Large families in the collection fund are: Lamiaceae (14 species), Asteraceae (10 species), Rosaceae (8 species); the exposition of Allium L. consists of 14 species, all representatives of the Kazakh flora, 2 of which are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Allium altaicum Pall., Allium caerulem Pall.); the exposition of the garden of continuous flowering consists of perennial (Paeonia L - 6 species, 16 varieties; Hydrangea L., varieties Solidago virgaurea L., Gladiolus L., Sedum hybridum L.) and annual flower and ornamental plants, more than 25 species - Petunia Juss., Tagetes patula L., Malope rtifida, Ageratum L., Zinnia elegans, Eschscholzia californica, Amaranthus L., etc. The exposition of rare endangered and endemic plants includes 17 species, of which 1 is a shrub (Berberis iliensis Popov). Plants belong to various categories of rarity, from 1 to 4. Highly stable in the conditions of the collection species: Leuzea carthamoides (Willd.) DC Lag. (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin), Tulipa kolpakowskiana Regel × T. ostrowskiana Regel, Tulipa tarda Stapf., Tulipa greigii Regel., Tulipa biflora Pall., Allium caerulem Pall., Anemonoides sylvestris (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano (*Anemone sylvestris L.), Iljin., Allium altaicum Pall., Paeonia anomala L., Berberis integerrima Bunge (*Berberis iliensis Popov), Adonis vernalis L., Iris pumila cv. Cyanea', Iris pumila cv. Lutea., Cypripedium calceolus L., Niedzwedzkia semiretschenskia B. Fedtsch., Adonis wolgensis Steven ex DC, Adonis vernalis L. endemes of Phalacrachena calva (Ledeb. ex DC.), Iris sibirica L.., Hissopus macranthus Boriss., Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. These species have a high percentage of seed formation, reproduce well vegetatively or by seeds, are resistant to pests and pathogens, which indicates their ecological plasticity and high introduction ability.

Study of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of medical plant extracts

The study analyzed the biological (antimicrobial and antioxidant) activity of such medicinal plants grown in the Kemerovo region as Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides), Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpúrea), Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.), Milk thistle (Sílybum mariánum L.), Common marigold (Caléndula officinális), Tansy (Tanacétumá vulgáre), and Common dandelion (Tarináxum officinum). It was found that all investigated plant extracts have antimicrobial properties against the tested strains of microorganisms (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. vulgaris ATCC 63, C. albicans EMTC 34, L. mesenteroides EMTC 1865). It was proved that all tested extracts of medicinal plants are characterized by a high antioxidant status; according to the tests performed this parameter of the samples varies within the limits from 145.09 to 235.00 mg of ascorbic acids per 1 gram. Both the high concentration level of biologically substances and the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics of the studied herb extracts from the selected medicinal plants make it possible to recommend their use as components of feed additives for agricultural animals.

Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides and Vaccinium oxycoccus Meal Plant Extracts Composition on Performance in the Mouse Forced Swim Test

Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides and Vaccinium oxycoccus Meal Plant Extracts Composition on Performance in the Mouse Forced Swim Test

Comparison between the Biological Active Compounds in Plants with Adaptogenic Properties (Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng).

Background: In the 1960s, research into plant adaptogens began. Plants with adaptogenic properties have rich phytochemical compositions and have been used by humanity since ancient times. However, it is not still clear whether the adaptogenic properties are because of specific compounds or because of the whole plant extracts. The aim of this review is to compare the bioactive compounds in the different parts of these plants. Methods: The search strategy was based on studies related to the isolation of bioactive compounds from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results: This review includes data from 259 articles. The phytochemicals isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng were described and classified in several categories. Conclusions: Plant species have always played an important role in drug discovery because their effectiveness is based on the hundreds of years of experience with folk medicine in different nations. In our view, there is great potential in the near future for some of the phytochemicals found in these plants species to become pharmaceutical agents.

The perspectives for DNA barcoding of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin using rbcL gene sequence

The methods of biological species identification using nucleotide sequences of short genome regions (DNA barcoding) are actively developed. The universal DNA barcode for plants remains to be discovered, and one of the leading candidates is the plastid gene of the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). In our study, we estimated the part of rbcL gene as a possible marker for molecular identification of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. Due to its officinal properties, the species is susceptible to uncontrolled and illegal harvesting from natural populations. Today, the species needs to be protected and therefore is included into the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and certain regions. The study was carried out using plants from the natural populations sampled from the Khamar-Daban Ridge (South Siberia) and considering now as Rh. carthamoides var. chamarense (Peschkova) O S Zhirova. It was shown that rbcL gene can be used to identify Rh. carthamoides at least from the populations of the Khamar-Daban Ridge using a fragment of the maximum length or its 3’ region. Apparently, the 5’ region of the gene (rbcLa) most often used as DNA barcode for plants may be of lesser importance for Rh. carthamoides. The rbcL gene sequences can be also used for the development of approaches for Rh. carthamoides identification in the medicinal preparations and products containing dried tissues to prevent their falsification and illegal harvesting of this species. The combination of rbcL gene with additional markers seems to be highly desirable to create effective DNA barcodes for Rhaponticum species.

Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives

Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance the body’s stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption. Extracts from Panax ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, and Schisandra chinensis are considered to be naturally occurring adaptogens and, in particular, plant adaptogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of plant adaptogens in the past and now, as well as to outline the prospects of their future applications. The use of natural adaptogens by humans has a rich history—they are used in recovery from illness, physical weakness, memory impairment, and other conditions. About 50 years ago, plant adaptogens were first used in professional sports due to their high potential to increase the body’s resistance to stress and to improve physical endurance. Although now many people take plant adaptogens, the clinical trials on human are limited. The data from the meta-analysis showed that plant adaptogens could provide a number of benefits in the treatment of chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and immune protection. In the future, there is great potential to register medicinal products that contain plant adaptogens for therapeutic purposes.

The use of extracts of medicinal plants to increase the growth rate of calves

The research aimed at the development and introduction of extracts of medicinal plants for the transition to a highly productive and antibiotic-free agricultural economy has been carried out in the Kemerovo region,. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of extracts of medicinal plants (maral root, stinging nettle, creeping thyme and calendula) to increase the growth rate of calves of Black-and-White breed. A comparative analysis of the effect of medicinal plant extracts on the growth rate of calves of Black-and-White breed has been carried out, the rationale for choosing the most effective combination of them has been given. A pilot batch of a mixture of two extracts of medicinal plants of maral root (Leuzea carthamoides) at a dose of 0,125 mg/kg and stinging nettle (Urticadioica L.) at the dose of 7,0 mg/kg for introduction into the diet of calves has been made. During the experiment all calves have been receiving the mixture of extracts of maral root and stinging nettle were characterized by a high growth rate and as a result by the end of the experiment, the live weight of calves in the experimental group exceeded 2,27 kg or 4,5 % of the indicator in the control group. In this regard, it has been proposed to include in the feeding diet of calves the mixture of extracts of medicinal plants such as maral root at the dose of 0,125 mg/kg and stinging nettle at the dose of 7,0 mg/kg, to increase the growth rate of calves from 14 to 28 days of age.

25617 Topical formulation with an ingredient blend composed of Rhodiola rosea and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) induces stress protective response on human skin against intrinsic and extrinsic stressors

Humans are exposed to physical, biological, chemical, and psychological stressors throughout their life span. In recent years many medicinal plants such as Rhodiola rosea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Panax ginseng have been shown to induce stress adapting and protecting functions when administered orally or systemically. Plants exhibit stress protection or resistance by normalizing cellular homeostasis and enhancing resistance to toxic stimuli to overcome cellular damage. Here, we report the evaluation of topical compositions containing the key ingredient blend Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng), Rhaponticum carthamoides, Inonotus obliquus, and Selaginella lepidophylla extract to induce stress protective functions in human skin when challenged with intrinsic and extrinsic stressors.

Семенная продуктивность левзеи сафлоровидной в условиях Пермского края

В разработке технологии возделывания любой сельскохозяйственной культуры важное место занимает получение семян в конкретных почвенно-климатических условиях. Впервые в условиях Пермского края изучались элементы технологии возделывания левзеи сафлоровидной (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) на семена. Исследования проведены на опытном поле ФГБНУ «Пермский НИИСХ» – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН. В 2018–2019 годах были определены биологическая урожайность семян левзеи сафлоровидной и её структура. Цель исследований — определить семенную продуктивность левзеи сафлоровидной при разных приёмах возделывания в условиях Пермского края. Наибольшая биологическая урожайность семян левзеи сафлоровидной получена при рядовом способе посева с нормой высева 0,4 млн всхожих семян/га — 54,18 г/м2, в вариантах с нормой высева 0,2 и 0,3 млн урожайность была несколько ниже и существенно ниже (на 19,98 г/м2) — при норме высева 0,5 млн. При широкорядном способе посева также выделился вариант с нормой высева 0,4 млн всхожих семян на 1 га, обеспечив на 1 м2 51,48 г семян, достоверно ниже она получена при высеве 0,2 млн — на 21,48 г и в пределах ошибки опыта — в остальных вариантах (НСР05 = 19,46 г/м2). При рядовом посеве наибольшая урожайность семян была обусловлена наибольшим числом побегов на 1 м2, массой семян в соцветии; в широкорядном — количеством побегов на 1 м2, количеством и массой семян в соцветии. Установлена тесная прямая корреляция биологической урожайности семян с количеством генеративных побегов (r = 0,992), средняя корреляция — с количеством (r = 0,658) и массой (r = 0,685) семян в соцветии и средняя обратная — с лабораторной всхожестью (r = –0,584). When developing a growing technique for each crop efficient seed production becomes a crucial process in a particular region. For the first time Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) was studied for seed production in the Perm Territory. Productivity of Maral root and its yield parameters were analyzed in 2018–2019. The aim was to test seed production of Maral root under different cultivation techniques. The highest seed yield was obtained under row planting and the seeding rate of 0.4 million germinated seeds — 54.18 g/m2. Seeding rates of 0.2 and 0.3 million seeds led to lower productivity, the one of 0.5 million seeds significantly reduced crop yield by 19.98 g/m2. Planting of 0.4 million seeds/ha in wide rows provided 51.48 g of seeds/m2. Other variants showed lower productivity, while 0.2 million seeds significantly reduced seed yield by 21.48 g. The highest productivity under row seeding was explained by the highest shoot number per 1 m2 and seed weight per inflorescence, while under the wide-row seeding — by shoot number per 1 m2, seed quantity and weight per inflorescence. Seed yield had strong positive correlation with the number of shoots (r = 0.992), the medium one — with seed number and weight per inflorescence (r = 0.658 and r = 0.685, respectively). Medium negative correlation was observed between seed yield and seed laboratory germination (r = –0.584).

Determination of the Qualitative Composition of Biologically Active Substances of Extracts of In Vitro Callus, Cell Suspension, and Root Cultures of the Medicinal Plant Rhaponticum carthamoides

This work aims to study the qualitative composition of biologically active substance (BAS) extracts in vitro callus, cell suspension, and root cultures of the medicinal plant Rhaponticum carthamoides. The research methodology is based on high-performance liquid chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, to study the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BAS. The results of the qualitative composition analysis of the dried biomass extracts of in vitro callus, cell suspension and root cultures showed that the main biologically active substances in the medicinal plant Rhaponticum carthamoides are 2-deoxy-5,20,26-trihydroxyecdyson (7 mg, yield 0.12%), 5,20,26-trihydroxyecdyson 20,22-acetonide (15 mg, yield 0.25%), 2-deoxy-5,20,26-trihydroxyecdyson 20,22-acetonide (6 mg, yield 0.10%), 20,26-dihydroxyecdyson 20,22-acetonidecdyson 20,22-acetonide (5 mg, yield 0.09%), and ecdyson 20,22-acetonide (6 mg, yield 0.10%). In the future, it is planned to study the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of BAS of extracts of in vitro callus, cell suspension, and root cultures of the medicinal plant Rhaponticum carthamoides, for the production of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements with antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.