Mapping Scheme Research Articles

QuCloud+: A Holistic Qubit Mapping Scheme for Single/Multi-programming on 2D/3D NISQ Quantum Computers

Qubit mapping for NISQ superconducting quantum computers is essential to fidelity and resource utilization. The existing qubit mapping schemes meet challenges, e.g., crosstalk, SWAP overheads, diverse device topologies, etc., leading to qubit resource underutilization and low fidelity in computing results. This article introduces QuCloud+, a new qubit mapping scheme that tackles these challenges. QuCloud+ has several new designs. (1) QuCloud+ supports single/multi-programming quantum computing on quantum chips with 2D/3D topology. (2) QuCloud+ partitions physical qubits for concurrent quantum programs with the crosstalk-aware community detection technique and further allocates qubits according to qubit degree, improving fidelity, and resource utilization. (3) QuCloud+ includes an X-SWAP mechanism that avoids SWAPs with high crosstalk errors and enables inter-program SWAPs to reduce the SWAP overheads. (4) QuCloud+ schedules concurrent quantum programs to be mapped and executed based on estimated fidelity for the best practice. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing typical multi-programming study [ 12 ], QuCloud+ achieves up to 9.03% higher fidelity and saves on the required SWAPs during mapping, reducing the number of CNOT gates inserted by 40.92%. Compared with a recent study [ 30 ] that enables post-mapping gate optimizations to further reduce gates, QuCloud+ reduces the post-mapping circuit depth by 21.91% while using a similar number of gates.

Self-Bilinear Map from One Way Encoding System and i𝒪

A bilinear map whose domain and target sets are identical is called a self-bilinear map. Original self-bilinear maps are defined over cyclic groups. Since the map itself reveals information about the underlying cyclic group, the Decisional Diffie–Hellman Problem (DDH) and the computational Diffie–Hellman (CDH) problem may be solved easily in some specific groups. This brings a lot of limitations to constructing secure self-bilinear schemes. As a compromise, a self-bilinear map with auxiliary information was proposed in CRYPTO’2014. In this paper, we construct this weak variant of a self-bilinear map from generic sets and indistinguishable obfuscation. These sets should own several properties. A new notion, One Way Encoding System (OWES), is proposed to summarize these properties. The new Encoding Division Problem (EDP) is defined to complete the security proof. The OWES can be built by making use of one level of graded encoding systems (GES). To construct a concrete self-bilinear map scheme, Garg, Gentry, and Halvei(GGH13) GES is adopted in our work. Even though the security of GGH13 was recently broken by Hu et al., their algorithm does not threaten our applications. At the end of this paper, some further considerations for the EDP for concrete construction are given to improve the confidence that EDP is indeed hard.

Error analysis for face coded modulation system

AbstractThis paper discusses a new mapping scheme known as face coded modulation (FCM) system. In FCM, peak energy symbols are mapped onto an innermost ring according to the eight sockets in the human face, that is, brain, mouth, nostrils, eyes and ears. For example, FCM is formed when the constellation diagram from M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) system is modified to reduce peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) by relocating the four corner symbols of the MQAM, with peak energy, to the innermost ring in a way that forms the figure of a cross. Unlike APSK, FCM mapping introduces non‐uniform sequence of symbols on the ring, face width factor and multiple modulator circuits that can be used to lower power requirements for high power amplifiers (HPA) as used in MQAM transmission systems. Symbol error rate (SER) for FCM is calculated and the results compared with MQAM and MPSK. It is shown that at equal energy efficiency, FCM scheme has a better response to errors than both MPSK and MQAM and a better energy efficiency due to lowered PAPR than MQAM. Moreover, the simulation results exhibit a tight match for the proposed analytical framework when assessed under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.

BA-LIOM: tightly coupled laser-inertial odometry and mapping with bundle adjustment

AbstractWe design a scheme for laser-inertial odometry and mapping with bundle adjustment (BA-LIOM), which can greatly mitigate the problem of undesired ground warping due to sparsity of laser scans and significantly reduce odometry drift. Specifically, an Inertial measurement unit (IMU)-assisted adaptive voxel map initialization algorithm is proposed and elaborately integrated with the existing framework LIO-SAM, allowing for accurate registration in the beginning of the localization and mapping process. In addition, to accommodate to fast-moving and structure-less scenarios, we design a tightly coupled odometry, which jointly optimizes both the IMU preintegration constraints and scan matching with adaptive voxel maps. The voxels (edge and plane, respectively) are updated with BA optimization. And then the accurate mapping result is obtained by performing local BA. The proposed BA-LIOM is thoroughly assessed using datasets collected from multiple platforms over a variety of environments. Experimental results show the superiority of BA-LIOM over the state-of-the-art methods in robustness and precision, especially for large-scale scenarios. BA-LIOM improves the accuracy of localization by $61\%$ and $73\%$ on the buildings and lawn datasets, respectively, and has a $29\%$ accuracy improvement over LIO-SAM on the KITTI datasets. A supplementary video can be accessed at https://youtu.be/5l4ZFhTc2sw.

Теоретико-методичні засади вебкартографування постмілітарних об'єктів

Purpose of the research objective is to develop and substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of web mapping of post-military facilities, taking into account the most effective approaches and techniques for collecting, analyzing, processing, and visualizing spatial data. The methodology includes using modern technologies to create accurate and informative interactive maps that provide not only the physical location of the objects but also detailed information, including textual, illustrative materials, graphical data, and 3D models. Results. Based on a comprehensive approach to researching, documenting, and presenting post-military facilities, the article elaborates the theoretical and methodological foundations of their web mapping. The relevance of using innovative digital technologies for creating interactive maps is discussed. The research methodology based on the collection, analysis and visualization of spatial data is considered in detail. The main principles and approaches to web mapping are highlighted, including historicity, systemic integrity, reliability, modernity, coherence, informativeness, presentability, accessibility, technological sophistication, variability of geographic bases, and partnership for effective project implementation. A technological scheme of web mapping is proposed, covering the stages of data collection, processing, and actual web mapping, ensuring a multidisciplinary and integrative approach to solving the set task. Designing and implementing web maps considering historical, cultural, technical data, and the current state of post-military facilities requires the interaction of specialists from various fields of knowledge. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The theoretical and methodological principles of interdisciplinary web mapping of post-military objects were developed for the first time. The principles and approaches to it have been defined, a technological scheme for web mapping of post-military objects has been developed. The proposed methodology and technology determine the practical significance of the research. Based on them, interactive maps of post-military facilities of any territory will be used in various fields of activity: education, science, preservation of historical and cultural heritage, tourism, promotion of the region.

GIS technologies for assessing hydroecological state of rivers in the Aral sea basin

This article analyzes the results of a study on the difficulties and possibilities of using information technology to support the adoption of novel approaches in hydroecology and hydropower. Additionally, it examines the advancement of geographic information systems (GIS) for hydroecological and hydro-technical monitoring and their utilization as educational tools for students. Researching the utilization of information systems to develop environmentally friendly approaches for managing hydraulic infrastructure. The paper centred on the present subject of developing GIS systems for hydro-ecological monitoring, which are valuable tools for improving the information systems of the Aral Sea basin. Furthermore, it assists in optimizing models to create ecologically sustainable approaches for utilizing hydrotechnical constructions. Utilizing the amalgamation of findings from many scientific studies inside a single GIS database may be both feasible and advantageous, serving as a versatile instrument for modeling. An illustration of this methodology may be seen as a unified system where the amalgamation yields outcomes: the water-salt balancing system across all rivers in Uzbekistan. The digital mapping system and schemes are used to build ecologically sustainable methods for operating hydraulic and hydroelectric plants in Uzbekistan. The Aral Sea basin monitoring system (ASBMS) is a computerized system that uses ArcView to monitor the hydroecological quality of surface waters in the Aral Sea basin. Keywords: ecological situation, hydroecology, hydroecological maps, GIS technology, Aral Sea basin.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Assessment of Grain Crop State

The results of studying the dynamics of the NDVI of winter triticale crops in the conditions of the Northwest of Russia are presented. The NDVI was determined based on remote sensing data obtained by two methods including satellite imagery and aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The analysis of the dynamics of the NDVI of the surveyed area for the period from May 15 to August 8, obtained from the Sentinel-2 L2A satellite, showed the dependence of the index on the increase in biomass of winter triticale by the periods of its growth and development, as well as on the meteorological conditions of the growing seasons. The sharpest increase in the vegetation index was noted in the period from the beginning of June to the beginning of July, which corresponds to the phase of entering the tube — filling of winter triticale grain. In the most favorable weather conditions, the vegetation index reached 1.0, which indicates the formation of dense vegetation by triticale crops. It is confirmed that the strong dependence of the average NDVI on yield occurs against the background of a decrease in the value of the vegetation index. The conducted aerial photography showed the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the studied fields, which caused uneven growth and development of winter triticale plants within the boundaries of one field. The shortage of grain from each hectare will be about 200 kg. In this regard, it is recommended to apply precision farming using NDVI mapping schemes with reference to point-based field surveys.

Design of an Efficient NTT/INTT Architecture With Low-Complex Memory Mapping Scheme

Design of an Efficient NTT/INTT Architecture With Low-Complex Memory Mapping Scheme

Бурабай бағының лихенофлорасындағы Cladonia түрлерін зерттеу

Studies of the lichen flora of the Burabai National Park were carried out in 2018-2022 in spring, summer and autumn by a route expedition. Depending on the purpose of the research work, the national park was divided into 11 sections. By using the mapping scheme of lichen species obtained as a research object, it was found that out of 11 sites of the Cladoniaceae family, 18 species grow only on 7 sites. Among them, Cladonia fimbriata, C.pyxidata, C. Cenotea, C. tenius, C. sulvatica, C. gracilis, C. alpestris were distinguished from other species by their distribution in several areas. In the study of the route, the frequency of occurrence of the lichen species, ecology, intrauterine form and features of reproduction were considered. Along with the determinants, a scanning electron microscope (JSM) was used to determine the types of cladonia. Among the 18 species of cladonia belonging to the genus Cladonia, only a few individuals were found at the Zolotobor site among the research sites of the Cladonia coccifera. In this regard, the species of Coccifer cladonia was bred on the territory of the Burabai National Park as a species with a very low frequency of occurrence and in need of protection. The podecia of the epigeal Cladonia alpestris, which inhabited this area of the Burabai Park, spread over large territories. In this regard, it has been established that it grows in almost all areas of the National Garden in comparison with other species belonging to this genus. The free location of their substructural thallomas on the soil surface indicates that the species Cladonia alpestris is mainly due to the peculiarities of reproduction by vegetative pathways. In this regard, Cladonia alpestris was considered as the dominant species in comparison with other species of cladonia growing in the Burabai National Park.

Multi-Retention STT-MRAM Architectures for IoT: Evaluating the Impact of Retention Levels and Memory Mapping Schemes

Multi-Retention STT-MRAM Architectures for IoT: Evaluating the Impact of Retention Levels and Memory Mapping Schemes

Triaxial rotor in the O(6) limit of the interacting boson model

A mapping from the triaxial rotor Hamiltonian to that of the O(6) limit in the interacting boson model (IBM) is established, which is achieved by introducing the symmetry-conserving high-order interactional terms The validity of the proposed mapping scheme is further examined for the cases with γ = 0 and γ = π/6, respectively. It is shown that the rotor model results can be well reproduced in its O(6) image especially for the low-spin states. It thus provides an alternative way to understand the triaxiality in the finite-N systems and additional insight into the O(6) IBM theory.

High-efficiency integer multiplier for the orbital angular momentum of light

The spiral transformation has attracted an increasing interest in switching orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. However, the efficiency is deteriorated by the inevitable gap between the turns of the spiral strips. In order to overcome the problem, a multiple-ring conformal mapping scheme is proposed for efficient multiplication of the OAM of light. The OAM mode at the input plane is divided into concentric rings, which are mapped to multiple sectors and connected into a ring at the output plane. This point-to-point mapping mechanism can avoid the generation of high-order diffraction, leading to high conversion efficiency. The scheme may underpin the development of optical communication and quantum key distribution in OAM-based systems.

Life cycle assessment of four different precision agriculture technologies and comparison with a conventional scheme

Precision farming technologies have the potential to enhance agricultural sustainability, but their exact environmental impact remains uncertain. This study aimed to (1) compare the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a conventional five-year crop rotation system with and without precision agriculture technologies (PATs) in Lower Austria; (2) to assess the emission hotspots and (3) to perform a sensitivity analysis on fertilization using the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) soil model to quantifying soil emission. Evaluated PATs included automatic steering systems, automatic section control (ASC), proximal sensors, and prescription maps from remote sensors. The crop rotation system included spring barley, soy, winter wheat, rapeseed, and winter barley. Assessed agricultural processes encompassed tillage, seeding, plant protection, fertilization, and harvesting. The impacts evaluated were climate change, fine particulate matter formation, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human carcinogenic toxicity. The sensor scheme scenario showed the highest reductions in climate change, followed by the prescription map, ASC, and autosteer scheme with reductions of −17.0, −8.9, −6.4, and −2.4%, respectively. This study emphasizes the potential of PATs to minimize environmental impacts in crop production while recognizing the influence of site and technology-specific factors. Future research should consider local variables for a comprehensive environmental assessment.

Linear time manageable edge-aware filtering on complementary tree structures

Typical non-local edge-aware filtering methods build long-range connections by deriving a minimum spanning tree (MST) from the input image. Each pixel on the MST only connects to a sub-set of pixels in the 8-connected neighborhood, resulting in piece-wise constant output with fake edges among sub-trees for the unbalanced information propagation along eight directions. In this paper, we propose two complementary spatial trees to incorporate information from the entire image. The structure of each tree depends on the spatial relationships of neighboring pixels. The distances between any two pixels in both spatial space and intensity space are the shortest distances on each tree. We introduce an efficient algorithm to recursively compute the output and the normalization constant on each tree with linear time complexity. For each pixel, we first calculate the outputs from eight subtrees and then fuse them to obtain the result on each tree structure. The final filtering output of our method is the weighted average of the results from two complementary spatial trees. Moreover, we present a distance mapping scheme to adjust the intensity distance between neighboring pixels, enabling our method to filter out a manageable degree of low-amplitude structures while sharpening major edges. Extensive experiments in graphic applications, such as image denoising, JPEG artifact removal, tone mapping, detail enhancement, and colorization, demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of our method.

Spatiotemporal Data Processing with Memristor Crossbar-Array-Based Graph Reservoir.

Memristor-based physical reservoir computing (RC) is a robust framework for processing complex spatiotemporal data parallelly. However, conventional memristor-based reservoirs cannot capture the spatial relationship between the time-varying inputs due to the specific mapping scheme assigning one input signal to one memristor conductance. Here, a physical "graph reservoir" is introduced using a metal cell at the diagonal-crossbar array (mCBA) with dynamic self-rectifying memristors. Input and inverted input signals are applied to the word and bit lines of the mCBA, respectively, storing the correlation information between input signals in the memristors. In this way, the mCBA graph reservoirs can map the spatiotemporal correlation of the input data in a high-dimensional feature space. The high-dimensional mapping characteristics of the graph reservoir achieve notable results, including a normalized root-mean-square error of 0.09 in Mackey-Glass time series prediction, a 97.21% accuracy in MNIST recognition, and an 80.0% diagnostic accuracy in human connectome classification.

Backmapping with Mapping and Isomeric Information.

I present a powerful and flexible backmapping tool named Multiscale Simulation Tool (mstool) that converts a coarse-grained (CG) system into all-atom (AA) resolution and only requires AA to CG mapping and isomeric information (cis/trans/dihedral/chiral). The backmapping procedure includes two simple steps: (a) AA atoms are randomly placed near the corresponding CG beads according to the provided mapping scheme. (b) Energy minimization is performed with two modifications in the AA force field (FF). First, nonbonded interactions are replaced with cosine functions to ensure the numerical stability. Second, additional torsions are imposed to maintain the molecules' isomeric properties. To test the simplicity and robustness of the tool, I backmapped multiple membrane and protein CG structures into AA resolution, including a four-bead CG lipid model (resolution increased by a factor of 34) without using intermediate resolution. The tool is freely available at github.com/ksy141/mstool.

Gravitational Discriminative Optimization for Multiview Reconstruction of Free-Form Surface

Automatic free-form surface reconstruction enables flexible and efficient industrial manufacturing. However, due to the performance of the 3-D measurement system, accurate and robust reconstruction is quite difficult due to corrupted data, discontinuous scanning, etc. To address these issues, in this article, we propose a novel gravitational discriminative optimization (GDO) method based on a multiview reconstruction framework for free-form blades. Our method consists of a training phase and a reconstruction phase. In the training phase, we introduce a novel gravitational distribution feature that is robust against the perturbations caused by corrupted data to instruct the sequence of update maps (SUM) learning process of GDO. To deal with the low overlap caused by the limited and discontinuous scanning, we propose a sequential scenes-to-model framework. Equipped with the trained SUM, we design the reconstruction phase to perform the blade model reconstruction accurately and robustly by partitioning it into inference with a gravitation map, an adaptive maps scheme to boost convergence, and an iterative closest point refinement. Experiments on both limited scanning-based synthetic data and real scene reconstruction of four blade models with different profiles show that GDO outperforms five other methods in terms of both accuracy and robustness.

Martini 3 Force Field Parameters for Protein Lipidation Post-Translational Modifications.

Protein lipidations are vital co/post-translational modifications that tether lipid tails to specific protein amino acids, allowing them to anchor to biological membranes, switch their subcellular localization, and modulate association with other proteins. Such lipidations are thus crucial for multiple biological processes including signal transduction, protein trafficking, and membrane localization and are implicated in various diseases as well. Examples of lipid-anchored proteins include the Ras family of proteins that undergo farnesylation; actin and gelsolin that are myristoylated; phospholipase D that is palmitoylated; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins; and others. Here, we develop parameters for cysteine-targeting farnesylation, geranylgeranylation, and palmitoylation, as well as glycine-targeting myristoylation for the latest version of the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field. The parameters are developed using the CHARMM36m all-atom force field parameters as reference. The behavior of the coarse-grained models is consistent with that of the all-atom force field for all lipidations and reproduces key dynamical and structural features of lipid-anchored peptides, such as the solvent-accessible surface area, bilayer penetration depth, and representative conformations of the anchors. The parameters are also validated in simulations of the lipid-anchored peripheral membrane proteins Rheb and Arf1, after comparison with independent all-atom simulations. The parameters, along with mapping schemes for the popular martinize2 tool, are available for download at 10.5281/zenodo.7849262 and also as supporting information.

Kernel Mapping Methods of Convolutional Neural Network in 3D NAND Flash Architecture

A flash memory is a non-volatile memory that has a large memory window, high cell density, and reliable switching characteristics and can be used as a synaptic device in a neuromorphic system based on 3D NAND flash architecture. We fabricated a TiN/Al2O3/Si3N4/SiO2/Si stack-based Flash memory device with a polysilicon channel. The input/output signals and output values are binarized for accurate vector-matrix multiplication operations in the hardware. In addition, we propose two kernel mapping methods for convolutional neural networks (CNN) in the neuromorphic system. The VMM operations of two mapping schemes are verified through SPICE simulation. Finally, the off-chip learning in the CNN structure is performed using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset. We compared the two schemes in terms of various parameters and determined the advantages and disadvantages of each.

SLM based Circular (6, 2) mapping scheme with improved SER performance for PAPR reduction in OCDM without side information

Abstract Like OFDM, OCDM signal also suffers from high PAPR. SLM is an attractive PAPR reduction method but it needs to transmit the information regarding phase sequence i.e. SI to the receiver, which results in reduction in SE and data rate. Various SLM based SI free and SI embedding schemes are available in the literature. In this paper, different possible quaternary to 8-QAM mapping schemes for SI free SLM based PAPR reduction in OCDM system are discussed. Moreover, a new mapping scheme to eliminate the SI requirement has also been presented in this manuscript for SLM based PAPR reduction in OCDM system. Proposed Circular (6, 2) mapping scheme doesn’t require SI at the receiving end which results in increase in SE and data rate as compared to standard SLM technique. Random sequence with phase factors {1, −1} is used to generate the phase sequences for the proposed mapping scheme. Also, the analytical expression for SER of Circular (6, 2) mapping scheme over AWGN channel is derived. We have also evaluated the mathematical expression for SER of other possible quaternary to 8-QAM mapping schemes. Computer simulation using MATLAB are also carried out to investigate the performance of all these mapping schemes in terms of PAPR reduction performance as well as SER performance over AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channel. Proposed scheme achieves the same PAPR reduction and improved SER performance w.r.t. other six schemes taken into consideration.