Mapping Project Research Articles

Terra infirma: On the base map in urban cartography and GIS

This article investigates the ways in which base maps are a fundamental, but under-recognised, starting point for planners, architects, cartographers and geographic information scientists in urban spatial planning and decision-making contexts. Focusing on the case study of a collaborative mapping project with the Wood Street Commons, an unhoused community in West Oakland, it contends that base maps create a cartographic terra infirma, fundamentally shaping the process of negotiations over urban space in ways that reinforce possessive logics and normalize property as central to the function of the city. Base maps do so by paradoxically absenting all people – with the effect of absenting the occupation of land by unhoused people, while shielding property owners from view while enacting their possession through infrastructure, parcel boundaries and land features. We argue this privileging inherent in the urban base map ultimately fuels a process of “unbecoming” ( Fraser, 2018 ) – a simultaneous invisibilizing and reproduction of spatial inequality – and in response, call for attention towards the politics of base maps from urban cartographers, planners, architects and spatial scientists alike.

Forest Encroachment and Agriculture Land Abandonment in the Context of Land Cover Change in Kailali

Land use land cover (LULC) area has been changing for many decades in the Kailali district but has little been researched. The study aims to examine the spatial and temporal changes of LULC from 1978 to 2021, carrying out major driving factors of forest cover change regarding forest encroachment and abandonment. The researcher employed a mixed-method approach to accomplish this study. Field observation, household survey with 45 participants, Key Informant Interviews (KII) with three participants, and five Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used as research tools to collect the data. Moreover, the researcher used books, journal articles, official reports, and related previous empirical studies as secondary data [Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) data were used to screen LULC status of 1978 and 1990, and digitization on Google Earth Pro to prepare LULC data for 2000 and 2021]. The findings of the study revealed that the forest cover area of the Kailali district was in a decreasing trend [ for instance in 1978 the area of forest cover was 75.38%, in 1990 it was 66.51% in 2000, and was 65% in 2021]. In contrast to forest cover, the agricultural [settlements and infrastructures] land area was on an increasing trend which was followed by 21.77%, 30.28%, 31.75%, and 32.25% in each period. The study also found that the changing rate of forest cover and the agricultural land have been decreasing. Further, the research found the major drivers of forest cover change were encroachment and agricultural land abandonment. In addition, population growth, migration, poverty, development activities, natural hazards, resettlement, public utilities, weak implications of policy, and illegal activities were also the major causes of forest cover change. The research implies that both forest encroachment and land abandonment should be controlled, and are to be considered by the stakeholders.

De Novo Exposomic Geospatial Assembly of Chronic Disease Regions with Machine Learning & Network Analysis.

Determining spatial relationships between disease and the exposome is limited by available methodologies. aPEER (algorithm for Projection of Exposome and Epidemiological Relationships) uses machine learning (ML) and network analysis to find spatial relationships between diseases and the exposome in the United States. Using aPEER we examined the relationship between 12 chronic diseases and 186 pollutants. PCA, K-means clustering, and map projection produced clusters of counties derived from pollutants, and the Jaccard correlation of these clusters with counties with high rates of disease was calculated. Pollution correlation matrices were used together with network analysis to identify the strongest disease-pollution relationships. Results were compared to LISA, Moran's I, univariate, elastic net, and random forest regression. aPEER produced 68,820 maps with human interpretable, distinct pollution-derived regions. Diseases with the strongest pollution associations were hypertension (J=0.5316, p=3.89x10-208), COPD (J=0.4545, p=8.27x10-131), stroke (J=0.4517, p=1.15x10-127), stroke mortality (J=0.4445, p=4.28x10-125), and diabetes mellitus (J=0.4425, p=2.34x10-127). Methanol, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde were identified as strongly associated with stroke, COPD, stroke mortality, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in the southeast United States (which correlated with both the Stroke and Diabetes Belt). Pollutants were strongly predictive of chronic disease geography and outperformed conventional prediction models based on preventive services and social determinants of health (using elastic net and random forest regression). aPEER used machine learning to identify disease and air pollutant relationships with similar or superior AUCs compared to social determinants of health (SDOH) and healthcare preventive service models. These findings highlight the utility of aPEER in epidemiological and geospatial analysis as well as the emerging role of exposomics in understanding chronic disease pathology. Boston Public Health Commission, NHLBI (R03 HL157890) and the CDC.

Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data with Google Earth Engine

Continuous and dense time series of satellite remote sensing data are needed for several land monitoring applications, including vegetation phenology, in-season crop assessments, and improving land use and land cover classification. Supporting such applications at medium to high spatial resolution may be challenging with a single optical satellite sensor, as the frequency of good-quality observations can be low. To optimize good-quality data availability, some studies propose harmonized databases. This work aims at developing an ‘all-in-one’ Google Earth Engine (GEE) web-based workflow to produce harmonized surface reflectance data from Landsat-7 (L7) ETM+, Landsat-8 (L8) OLI, and Sentinel-2 (S2) MSI top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data. Six major processing steps to generate a new source of near-daily Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel (HLS) reflectance observations at 30 m spatial resolution are proposed and described: band adjustment, atmospheric correction, cloud and cloud shadow masking, view and illumination angle adjustment, co-registration, and reprojection and resampling. The HLS is applied to six equivalent spectral bands, resulting in a surface nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NBAR) time series gridded to a common pixel resolution, map projection, and spatial extent. The spectrally corresponding bands and derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were compared, and their sensor differences were quantified by regression analyses. Examples of HLS time series are presented for two potential applications: agricultural and forest phenology. The HLS product is also validated against ground measurements of NDVI, achieving very similar temporal trajectories and magnitude of values (R2 = 0.98). The workflow and script presented in this work may be useful for the scientific community aiming at taking advantage of multi-sensor harmonized time series of optical data.

Classification of anatomy and treatment approaches for aneurysms originating from the proximal of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in clinical settings.

To explore the spatial relationship between A1 segment proximal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms and their main trunks, classify them anatomically and develop targeted treatment strategies. This single-center retrospective analysis involved 39 patients diagnosed with aneurysms originating from the proximal of A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (2014-2023). Classify the patient's aneurysm into 5 types based on the location of the neck involving the carrier artery and the spatial relationship and projection direction of the aneurysm body with the carrier artery, and outcomes from treatment methods were compared. Among 39 aneurysms, 18 cases underwent endovascular intervention treatment, including 6 cases of stent assisted embolization, 1 case of flow-diverter embolization, 5 cases of balloon assisted embolization, and 6 cases of simple coiling. At discharged, the mRS score of all endovascularly treated patients was 0, and the GOS score was 5 at 6 months after discharge. At discharge, the mRS score of microsurgical clipping treated patients was 0 for 15 cases, 3 for 1 case, 4 for 1 case and 5 for 2 cases. Six months after discharge, the GOS score was 5 for 16 cases, 4 for 2 cases, 3 for 2 cases, and 1 for 1 case. GOS outcomes at 6 months were better for endovascularly treated patients (p = 0.047). Results showed better outcomes for the endovascular treatment group compared to microsurgical clipping at 6 months after surgery. The anatomical classification of aneurysms in this region may be of help to develop effective treatment strategies.

Characterizing collaborative mapping projects. A methodological framework for analyzing volunteered geographic information and spatial data infrastructure convergence

Characterizing collaborative mapping projects. A methodological framework for analyzing volunteered geographic information and spatial data infrastructure convergence

Genomic predictions of genetic variances and correlations among traits for breeding crosses in soybean

Parental selection is perhaps the most critical decision a breeder makes, establishing the foundation of the entire program for years to come. Cross selection based on predicted mean and genetic variance can be further expanded to multiple-trait improvement by predicting the genetic correlation (rG\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${r}_{G}$$\\end{document}) between pairs of traits. Our objective was to empirically assess the ability to predict the family mean, genetic variance, superior progeny mean and genetic correlation through genomic prediction in a soybean population. Data made available through the Soybean Nested Association Mapping project included phenotypic data on seven traits (days to maturity, lodging, oil, plant height, protein, seed size, and seed yield) for 39 families. Training population composition followed a leave-one-family-out cross-validation scheme, with the validation family genetic parameters predicted using the remaining families as the training set. The predictive abilities for family mean and superior progeny mean were significant for all traits while predictive ability of genetic variance was significant for four traits. We were able to validate significant predictive abilities of rG\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${r}_{G}$$\\end{document} for 18 out of 21 (86%) pairwise trait combinations (P < 0.05). The findings from this study support the use of genome-wide marker effects for predicting rG\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${r}_{G}$$\\end{document} in soybean biparental crosses. If successfully implemented in breeding programs, this methodology could help to increase the rate of genetic gain for multiple correlated traits.

Research on a Matching Method for Vehicle-Borne Laser Point Cloud and Panoramic Images Based on Occlusion Removal

Vehicle-borne mobile mapping systems (MMSs) have been proven as an efficient means of photogrammetry and remote sensing, as they simultaneously acquire panoramic images, point clouds, and positional information along the collection route from a ground-based perspective. Obtaining accurate matching results between point clouds and images is a key issue in data application from vehicle-borne MMSs. Traditional matching methods, such as point cloud projection, depth map generation, and point cloud coloring, are significantly affected by the processing methods of point clouds and matching logic. In this study, we propose a method for generating matching relationships based on panoramic images, utilizing the raw point cloud map, a series of trajectory points, and the corresponding panoramic images acquired using a vehicle-borne MMS as input data. Through a point-cloud-processing workflow, irrelevant points in the point cloud map are removed, and the point cloud scenes corresponding to the trajectory points are extracted. A collinear model based on spherical projection is employed during the matching process to project the point cloud scenes to the panoramic images. An algorithm for vectorial angle selection is also designed to address filtering out the occluded point cloud projections during the matching process, generating a series of matching results between point clouds and panoramic images corresponding to the trajectory points. Experimental verification indicates that the method generates matching results with an average pixel error of approximately 2.82 pixels, and an average positional error of approximately 4 cm, thus demonstrating efficient processing. This method is suitable for the data fusion of panoramic images and point clouds acquired using vehicle-borne MMSs in road scenes, provides support for various algorithms based on visual features, and has promising applications in fields such as navigation, positioning, surveying, and mapping.

Bringing Project Management to life: The value of experiential learning through Virtual tours and engagement with Project professionals

This study explores the significance of experiential learning in project management education by utilising virtual tours and engaging with industry professionals. In collaboration with an external organisation, we developed a virtual tour video that showcases real world project management practices. The video provides a comprehensive view of a major project, featuring insights from more than 40 professionals. Inside the classroom, we combined this virtual tour with direct interactions with project professionals from the organisation. Students gained firsthand perspectives on how to apply theoretical concepts in practice. Feedback indicated that the virtual tour and engagement with professionals provided valuable real-world context, effectively bridging theory, and application. Students appreciated the interactive and well-structured experience. To enhance its impact further, we suggest diversifying perspectives, extending its duration, and striking a balance between theory and practical content.

Space, Sound, and Acousmatic Music. The Heart of the Research

The acoustic and musical relationship with architectural space has a long history: ancient Greeks, the Romanesque Middle Ages, and the Renaissance, for example, utilized it in various ways. Electroacoustic composition on a support (acousmatic music), with its deliberate choice of “nothing to see,” and the acousmonium as an instrument for spatialized performance, serves as a laboratory for researching space as a musical element both during composition and as the principal agent of performance. Four categories of space emerge from this particular practice of interpreting and understanding the acousmatic repertoire: ambiophonic space immerses the listener in a sonic ‘bath’, source space localizes sounds, and geometric space structures a work in planes and volumes. These three categories most often pertain to multiphonic pieces. The fourth, illusion space, is consciously or unconsciously addressed in works in a stereophonic format, which create the illusion of depth of field through two loudspeakers. A few examples, diagrams, and explanations demonstrate how various spatialization systems are designed, particularly the acousmonium as designed by François Bayle in 1974. The performance of an acousmatic work tends to connect various spatial figures that reinforce the composition’s writing, highlight existing figures, or create new ones. Stereophonic works offer the performer greater freedom of choice. Sixteen figures are listed, along with their musical function. Depending on the character of each piece, a different spatial approach can emphasize one aspect of the composition over another: icons, movement, unmixing of polyphony, phrasing and variations, subjectivity, and matter. Thus, we can observe the significant role of the ‘spatializer’ and the necessity of their active presence in concerts. We witness the emergence of a new musical profession with numerous other applications. The spatial writing of multiphonic works also employs these figures in the studio. Some software is dedicated to this function, but multichannel control is essential in the studio. Lastly, figuralism, by playing with spatial figures, appears to be a key approach to giving meaning to and justifying space as an element that enhances the expressiveness of musical works. Annette Vande Gorne’s opera Yawar Fiesta is an exploration of this topic. The spatial projection of music for acousmatic listening – sound in space – opens up the future space to a fifth dimension of expressive music: the Space of Sound.

Community Mapping in Teacher Preparation: Developing Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge of Community Assets

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of a course-based community asset mapping (CAM) project on undergraduate students’ capacity for identifying and understanding assets within communities surrounding specific schools. The mapping project was grounded in the literature on culturally sustaining pedagogy and experiential education and involved teacher education students (n = 45) collaborating to complete and report on an analysis of local community assets. Findings indicated participants gained improved knowledge and competence regarding CAM, were able to provide more accurate and detailed explanations of assets and the asset mapping process, and were able to identify various assets available to PK-12 students and families in particular communities within the local school district. The discussion highlights participants’ success in inventorying physical, tangible assets, and notes where they fell short of recognizing other assets. We also discuss how coursework could have better supported the project and could have allowed the potential of CAM to be more fully realized. The conclusion addresses implications for teacher preparation, particularly for connecting candidates with communities and for the implementation of assignments similar to the community asset mapping project studied herein.

Promoting interoperability between SNOMED CT and ICD-11: lessons learned from the pilot project mapping between SNOMED CT and the ICD-11 Foundation.

To explore the feasibility and challenges of mapping between SNOMED CT and the ICD-11 Foundation in both directions, SNOMED International and the World Health Organization conducted a pilot mapping project between September 2021 and August 2022. Phase 1 mapped ICD-11 Foundation entities from the endocrine diseases chapter, excluding malignant neoplasms, to SNOMED CT. In phase 2, SNOMED CT concepts equivalent to those covered by the ICD-11 entities in phase 1 were mapped to the ICD-11 Foundation. The goal was to identify equivalence between an ICD-11 Foundation entity and a SNOMED CT concept. Postcoordination was used for mapping to ICD-11. Each map was done twice independently, the results were compared, and discrepancies were reconciled. In phase 1, 59% of 637 ICD-11 Foundation entities had an exact match in SNOMED CT. In phase 2, 32% of 1893 SNOMED CT concepts had an exact match in the ICD-11 Foundation, and postcoordination added 15% of exact match. Challenges encountered included non-synonymous synonyms, mismatch in granularity, composite conditions, and residual categories. This pilot project shed light on the tremendous amount of effort required to create a map between the 2 coding systems and uncovered some common challenges. Future collaborative work between SNOMED International and WHO will likely benefit from its findings. It is recommended that the 2 organizations should clarify goals and use cases of mapping, provide adequate resources, set up a road map, and reconsider their original proposal of incorporating SNOMED CT into the ICD-11 Foundation ontology.

Abstract B012: Predicting targetable paralog synthetic lethalities and functional redundancies in cancer genomes

Abstract Paralogs are prevalent in the human genome and are considered a rich source of synthetic lethality due to functional redundancy. For a cancer cell carrying a gene with Loss-Of-Function (LOF) mutation, inactivation of its paralog using gene editing can induce a selective decrease in viability, leaving normal cells that do not harbor the mutation unharmed. Previous studies have exploited this vulnerability of cancer genomes. However, the cancer-specificity of such synthetic lethality limits its application across different cancer types. Furthermore, the role of functional redundancy which can explain the cancer specificity has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we computationally predicted synthetic lethal paralogs along with mechanistically important functional redundancies between them in a cancer-specific manner. We applied our prediction method to publicly available data for an aggressive subtype of breast cancer called triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks the expression key biomarkers and hence has the worst prognosis among other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC is characterized by the highest mutational load and the largest fraction of genome altered among the breast cancer subtypes providing a rich mutational landscape to identify LOF genes. Using the CRISPR inactivation screen data for cancer cell lines obtained from the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) project, we predicted sets of synthetic lethal paralogs that show a significantly greater viability decrease if a gene carries LOF and its paralog is inactivated, compared to the viability decrease due to the inactivation of only one of the paralogs. Consistent with previous findings of context-dependent synthetic lethality, we found that a relatively small fraction of TNBC-specific synthetic lethal paralogs overlapped with those found across other cancer types. To uncover the mechanistically important functional redundancies between paralogs, we analyzed the genomics and transcriptomics data from multiple sources: TNBC panel of primary tumors and patient-derived xenografts, Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG), and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The functional redundancies varied across cancer types based on (1) mutual exclusivity of LOFs, (2) backup compensation of deleterious mutations, (3) backup upregulation, and (4) dosage balance. Overall, our findings show a strong context-dependency of synthetic lethal paralogs and estimates of functional redundancy, emphasizing the importance of such cancer-specific predictions in identifying targetable paralog synthetic lethalities. Collectively, the computational method and sets of targetable paralogs are a unique resource for developing precision oncology therapeutic strategies against TNBC and other cancers more broadly. Citation Format: Rohan Dandage, Elena Kuzmin. Predicting targetable paralog synthetic lethalities and functional redundancies in cancer genomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B012.

Abstract IA011: Towards mapping the landscape of cancer vulnerabilities

Abstract I will introduce the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) project. This project aims to build a resource to identify the landscape of cancer vulnerabilities by linking molecular alterations of tumors to gene dependencies or drug sensitivities. This resource is being used by scientists around the world and has made significant contributions to basic and translational cancer research. I will describe how we are building DepMap and the multiple components it requires. Additionally, I will discuss ongoing projects to expand DepMap, including screening next-generation models. I will also present how to identify potential therapeutic targets using DepMap data and the emerging types of targets. Lastly, I will highlight a recently identified synthetic lethal target in the ribosome rescue pathway in molecularly defined patient populations, demonstrating the power of DepMap in identifying such targets. Citation Format: Francisca Vazquez. Towards mapping the landscape of cancer vulnerabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA011.

Electronic tongue made of gelatin self-supporting films on printed electrodes to detect lactose

An electronic tongue was developed for the detection of lactose content in commercial foods. This was accomplished by employing optimized detection units comprised of gelatin films and information visualization methods for data analysis. The films incorporating gelatin, tannic acid, and zein, served as the basis for the sensors, whose electrodes were screen printed using carbon black ink. Self-supporting films were produced using various combinations of these materials, some of which had limited solubility in water (from 33% to 36%). They were hydrophobic and yielded reproducible electrical impedance spectra to be used as sensing units. Lactose detection experiments were conducted using various standard concentrations and commercial food samples. Capacitance decreased with lactose concentration at low frequencies, with films lacking a hydrophobic coating showing higher capacitance signals (exceeding 200 nF). Low limits of detection were obtained for the most sensitive films, as low as 2.03 × 10−19 mol/L, comparable to existing biosensors to detect lactose. Combining data from four sensing units in an electronic tongue allowed for the differentiation of lactose concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−20 mol/L to 1 × 10−6 mol/L using the interactive document mapping (IDMAP) projection technique, leading to a silhouette coefficient of 0.716. The discriminatory power of the electronic tongue was validated by distinguishing between lactose-containing and lactose-free food products. These findings highlight the potential of electronic tongues made with sustainable materials for applications in food quality assessment and lactose intolerance management.

Alice Rohrwacher’s Cinema of Poetry

Alice Rohrwacher’s La Chimera (2023), the director’s fourth feature, opens with a young woman’s face, her glow, her blondeness. Rohrwacher is at once one of the most singular and most successful directors making films in Italy today. I look here at the distinct, full-throated critique of patriarchy and of machismo, in Italy and beyond, present in all her films but most forcefully in La Chimera. A vision of social and gender relations that transcend patriarchy, a refusal of indenture and violence, a focus on care for the earth and all living beings, orient her work and direct it toward the future. I see this as part of a broader project of antipatriarchal world making, one that depends not on the gender of the director or cinematographer, but on the vision the films propose: a vision realized in Rohrwacher’s cinema of poetry.

The SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper Reverberation Mapping Project: C iv Broad Absorption Line Acceleration in the Quasar SBS 1408+544

We present the results of an investigation of a highly variable C iv broad absorption line (BAL) feature in spectra of the quasar SBS 1408+544 (z = 2.337) that shows a significant shift in velocity over time. This source was observed as a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Reverberation Mapping project and the SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper Reverberation Mapping project, and has been included in two previous studies, both of which identified significant variability in a high-velocity C iv BAL on timescales of just a few days in the quasar rest frame. Using ∼130 spectra acquired over 8 yr of spectroscopic monitoring with SDSS, we have determined that this BAL is not only varying in strength, but is also systematically shifting to higher velocities. Using cross-correlation methods, we measure the velocity shifts (and corresponding acceleration) of the BAL over a wide range of timescales, measuring an overall velocity shift of Δv=−683−84+89 km s−1 over the 8 yr monitoring period. This corresponds to an average rest-frame acceleration of a = 1.04 −0.13+0.14 cm s−2, though the magnitude of the acceleration on shorter timescales is not constant throughout. We place our measurements in the context of BAL-acceleration models and examine various possible causes of the observed velocity shift.

Errors in the Introduction of Isometric Coordinates and Violation of the Property of Conformality of the Triaxial Ellipsoid Projections

The purpose of this study is to show that some coordinate systems previously described as isometric are in fact not isometric, and as a consequence, map projections derived from them do not show the expected characteristics, especially conformality. Definitions and methods of the mathematical theory of surfaces are used. The article discusses two methods of specifying coordinate systems on the surface of the triaxial ellipsoid, erroneously called isometric. A consistent mathematical study of each of them based on the initial definition of isometric coordinates showed that in the first method, the corresponding coordinate system is not orthogonal, much less isometric. In the second method, the coordinates are determined using integration, and the result of the integration depends on the path of this integration. This ambiguity shows that this method is also incorrect. The considered coordinate systems allow the creation of new projections, but these projections are not conformal. As a result of the study, errors in determining isometric coordinates were shown and proven, which in earlier studies led to a violation of the properties of projections. This analysis should lead to the development of truly conformal projections of triaxial ellipsoids. For clarity maps and cartographic grids are presented.

Correction: Standard Points and Lines in Map Projections

Correction: Standard Points and Lines in Map Projections

Real-time reconstruction of 3D transient non-uniform temperature field for thermal protection system based on machine learning

Reconstructed temperature field will provide critical input for monitoring the aerodynamic heating on the thermal protection system (TPS). In this paper, a novel data-driven method is proposed that allows real-time reconstruction of the 3D transient non-uniform temperature field in a TPS ceramic tile. The measured temperature is obtained by embedding sparse sensors at different layers of the tile. The spatial feature bases and time projection coefficients of the non-uniform temperature fields are extracted using the multi-parameter proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The Fully-connected Long Short-Term Memory (FC-LSTM) networks are used to establish the prediction relationship between the measurements and the full-field temperatures. The problem to estimate the projection coefficients of the spatial feature bases is solved by optimizing the loss function using Adam algorithm. The numerical examples show an approximation error less than 5% and the reconstruction time-consuming less than 1 s in 3D temperature field reconstruction (TFR). The proposed reconstruction method is robust at different measurement noise levels and tested point arrangements.