Mapping Profiling Research Articles

Asymmetric contact-induced selective doping of CVD-grown bilayer WS2 and its application in high-performance photodetection with an ultralow dark current.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are excellent candidates for high-performance optoelectronics due to their high carrier mobility, air stability and strong optical absorption. However, photodetectors made with monolayer TMDs often exhibit a high dark current, and thus, there is a scope for further improvement. Herein, we developed a 2D bilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) based photodetector (PD) with asymmetric contacts that exhibits an exceptionally low dark current and high specific detectivity. High-quality and large-area monolayer and bilayer WS2 flakes were synthesized using a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Compared to conventional symmetric contact electrodes, utilizing metal electrodes with higher and lower work functions relative to bilayer WS2 aids in achieving asymmetric lateral doping in the WS2 flakes. This doping asymmetry was confirmed through the photoluminescence spectral profile and Raman mapping analysis. With the asymmetric contacts on bilayer WS2, we find evidence of selective doping of electrons and holes near the Ti and Au contacts, respectively, while the WS2 region away from the contacts remains intrinsic. When compared with the symmetric contact case, the dark current in the WS2 PD with asymmetric (Au, Ti) contact decreases by an order of magnitude under reverse bias with a concomitant increase in the photocurrent, resulting in an improved on/off ratio of ∼105 and overall improved device performance under identical illumination conditions. We explained this improved performance based on the energy band alignment showing a unidirectional charge flow under light illumination. Our results indicate that the planar device structure and compatibility with current nanofabrication technologies can facilitate its integration into advanced chips for futuristic low-power optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.

An Adaptive Path Planning Method for Curved Roads via Three-Dimensional Space-Aware Profiling Maps

An Adaptive Path Planning Method for Curved Roads via Three-Dimensional Space-Aware Profiling Maps

Creation and subjectivity in the construction process of the artist-subject Maxwell Alexandre

The article aims to reflect on the complex network that shapes the construction process of the artist Maxwell Alexandre, supported by the subjectivity theories of Vincent Colapietro and Judith Butler. The choice of this artist is justified by the fact that his work moves between the traditional arts circuit and digital networks, which shows redundancies, ambiguities and disruptions that would reveal his originality. The paper is an unfolding of research, at Master's level, which comprises the mapping of Alexandre's Instagram profile and points to the formulation that the set of shared practices, from exhibition in the gallery to performance on the social network, constitute his poetic project in permanent expansion.

In situ phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Indian Ocean

Photosynthesis is the most important bioenergy conversion process on Earth. Capturing instantaneous changes in in situ photosynthesis in open ocean ecosystems remains a major challenge. In this study, fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF), which can obtain nondestructive, real-time and in situ estimates of photosynthetic parameters, was used for the first time to continuously observe the spatial variation in in situ photosynthetic parameters in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). We further formulated new insights regarding abiotic and biotic factors of potential importance in determining photosynthetic performance. First, we found that the distributions of micro/nano- and picophytoplankton were opposite under the control of nutrient concentrations. Micro/nanophytoplankton had higher cell abundances in the nearshore and upwelling regions, while picophytoplankton had higher abundances in the open ocean, and Prochlorococcus was the dominant group. Second, based on the FRRF technology, we obtained the high-precision and high-density vertical profile map of photosynthetic parameters in the euphotic layer. It was observed that values of the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm; 0.14–0.55, unitless) and the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII; 1.71–4.90 nm2 RCII−1) increased with increasing depth, while high values of the photosynthetic electron transfer rates (ETRRCII; 0.0019–17.0292 mol e− mol RCII−1 s−1) and the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQNSV; 0.35–7.26, unitless) occurred in the shallow 50 m layer, and the values decreased as the depth increased. Finally, we discussed limiting factors that regulated the distribution of photosynthetic parameters and concluded that optical properties varied significantly with changes in the ocean physico-chemical parameters and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the EIO. Picophytoplankton (especially cyanobacteria), rather than the micro/nanophytoplankton community, was the dominant factor influencing photosynthesis. Among abiotic factors, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the proximal limiting factor affecting photosynthetic efficiency, followed by temperature and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Consequently, phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters exhibited great variability, allowing rapid responses to environmental condition changes. In this study, we established the basis for detecting future changes in primary production in this oligotrophic area.

Radiation profile mapping and health impact assessment due to 222Rn exposure from groundwater in coal mining city Asansol, West Bengal, India

Radiation profile mapping and health impact assessment due to 222Rn exposure from groundwater in coal mining city Asansol, West Bengal, India

In-Bulk Temperature Profile Mapping Using Fiber Bragg Grating in Fluids.

The capabilities of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to measure temperature variations in the bulk of liquid flows were considered. In the first step of our research project, reported in this paper, we investigated to what extent the use of thin glass fibers without encapsulation, which only minimally disturb a flow, can fulfill the requirements for robustness and measurement accuracy. Experimental tests were performed in a benchmark setup containing 24 FBG measuring positions, which were instrumented in parallel with thermocouples for validation. We suggest a special assembly procedure in which the fiber is placed under a defined tension to improve its stiffness and immobility for certain flow conditions. This approach uses a single FBG sensor as a reference that measures the strain effect in real time, allowing accurate relative temperature measurements to be made at the other FBG sensor points, taking into account an appropriate correction term. Absolute temperature readings can be obtained by installing another well-calibrated, strain-independent thermometer on the reference FBG. We demonstrated this method in two test cases: (i) a temperature gradient with stable density stratification in the liquid metal GaInSn and (ii) the heating of a water column using a local heat source. In these measurements, we succeeded in recording both spatial and temporal changes in the linear temperature distribution along the fiber. We present the corresponding results from the tests and, against this background, we discuss the capabilities and limitations of this measurement technique with respect to the detection of temperature fields in liquid flows.

Transcription and chromatin regulation by TAF4b during cellular quiescence of developing prospermatogonia.

Prospermatogonia (ProSpg) link the embryonic development of male primordial germ cells to the healthy establishment of postnatal spermatogonia and spermatogonial stem cells. While these spermatogenic precursor cells undergo the characteristic transitions of cycling and quiescence, the transcriptional events underlying these developmental hallmarks remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of TBP-associated factor 4b (Taf4b) in the timely development of quiescent mouse ProSpg using an integration of gene expression profiling and chromatin mapping. We find that Taf4b mRNA expression is elevated during the transition of mitotic-to-quiescent ProSpg and Taf4b-deficient ProSpg are delayed in their entry into quiescence. Gene ontology, protein network analysis, and chromatin mapping demonstrate that TAF4b is a direct and indirect regulator of chromatin and cell cycle-related gene expression programs during ProSpg quiescence. Further validation of these cell cycle mRNA changes due to the loss of TAF4b was accomplished via immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Together, these data indicate that TAF4b is a key transcriptional regulator of the chromatin and quiescent state of the developing mammalian spermatogenic precursor lineage.

Profil Sensori Minuman Yuzu (Citrus junos) Komersial

The yuzu product development process in general was related to the level of consumer preference or acceptance which could not be separated from the sensory aspect. The purpose of this study was to obtain a map of the sensory profile characteristics of the ideal product, to identify the sensory and emotional profile characteristics, as well as to observe the correlation between sensory attributes and preference for yuzu drink based on consumer perceptions. The methods used included consumer surveys, ideal profile methods, and check-all-that-apply (CATA) as consumer-based methods. The consumer survey involved 108 respondents to assess general consumer preferences. The sensory evaluation panel consisted of 47 consumer panelists. The samples for sensory evaluation included 4 commercial yuzu beverage products available in Jakarta. The results of ideal profile mapping for yuzu beverage products with codes A, B, C, and D indicated that product A closely matched the ideal sensory profile, with sensory attributes of sweetness, acidity, freshness, citrus, and bitterness. The yuzu drink samples with codes A and C provided the same distinctive sensory attributes both in the mouth and upon swallowing, with their respective distinctive attributes being sweetness and freshness. The sweetness and freshness were correlated with consumer preferences (overall liking) when the product was in the mouth, and the freshness was correlated with preferences when the product was swallowed. The emotional profile mapping results revealed that consumers favored products associated with the "pleasure" emotion as found in product A and "relaxing" emotion as found in product D.

Professional Profile Map as a Powerful Educational Tool for Architects and Civil Engineers

Abstract The paper discusses the importance of the Professional Profile Map (PPM) in the context of architecture and civil engineering education. It acknowledges the dynamic nature of these fields due to technological advancements and evolving industry practices, emphasizing the need for professionals who possess practical skills in addition to academic knowledge. The PPM is introduced as a valuable tool that acts as a bridge between academia and industry by defining the essential knowledge, skills, and competencies (KSC) required for success in these professions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of the PPM in Erasmus+ projects, highlighting its ability to facilitate customization and adaptability in education. It encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, practical experience, and employability enhancement, aligning with the goals of Erasmus+ projects. A case study from the TAB4BUILDING project illustrates how the PPM was used to identify KSC related to the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in construction. The PPM's role in harmonizing educational programs across different countries and promoting international collaboration is emphasized.

Elevated radon level in drinking water of Ajodhya Hill Area of West Bengal, India: probable health impact on lung and stomach.

A screening survey has been carried out to measure the radon concentration in drinking water at various locations of Ajodhya hill and surrounding areas in Purulia district of West Bengal, India, using AlphaGUARD radon monitor. The obtained 222Rn concentration in ground water varies from 5.71 ± 0.29 to 579.47 ± 23.18Bq/l with an average of 110.00 ± 6.61Bq/l. Comparison between our results with the internationally recommended reference levels reveals that drinking of water from the majority of these tube-wells can pose significant health risks to the local people. Correlation study indicates that tube-well depth has significant influence on the radon level in water samples. Using 60l/yr and 1642.50l/yr water consumption estimated annual effective radon doses for most of the samples (almost 70% and 96%, respectively) are high compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU) Commission prescribed reference dose limit of 100 μSv/yr. Also, the evaluated Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) values associated with the tube-wells are showing serious threat to the health of the locals.The primary goal of this work is to develop a radon profile map of this area and to find out the possible reasons behind the elevated radon level in ground water. This type of work may play a very crucial role to aware the locals in perspective of human exposure to radon. The local health officials and the water quality regulators of India are requested to take necessary steps for protecting the local people from water radon hazard.

Implementasi Data Mining Clustering Dalam Mengelompokan Kasus Perceraian Yang Terjadi Di Provinsi Jawa Barat Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means

Divorce cases in West Java Province have increased every year. The profile map of divorce cases that occurred in each region is not yet known, so efforts to provide guidance to minimize divorce cases are not optimal. Divorce case data is also not equipped with a visualization feature that makes it easier for authorized officials to easily understand and analyze data. This study analyzes divorce cases in regencies/cities in West Java Province, using the K-Means Algorithm Clustering data mining method. The clustering method is grouping data based on the same characteristics. In determining the number of clusters, that is by using the value of the Davies Bouldin Index. The results of this study obtained the best cluster of grouping divorce cases, there were 2 clusters, namely cluster 0, there were 5 regencies and 9 cities, while in cluster 1 there were 13 regencies, with a Davies Bouldin index value of 0.168 and an avg.within centroid distance value of 5,870. Cluster 0 is the city/district with the lowest divorce cases and cluster 1 is the city/district with the highest divorce cases.

Curriculum Reconstruction: Alignment of Profile, Body of Knowledge, and Learning Outcomes of the Indonesian Islamic Education Study Program

Purpose – The misalignment between the profile with the body of knowledge (BoK) and the graduates’ learning outcomes (LO) of the PAI Study Program has caused the unclear educational objectives of the PAI study program, requiring the reconstruction of the PAI curriculum. This study aims to examine the reconstruction process of the PAI curriculum including the Profile, BoK, and LO of the PAI.
 Design/methods/approach –The research was conducted qualitatively using survey, interview, and documentation methods packaged in seminars, guest lectures, workshops, and Focus Group Discussions. The subjects in this study were 83 PAI Study Program managers from Sumatra, Jakarta and Jabodetabek, DIY and Central Java, East Java, and the Eastern regions; the interviews were carried out with 15 study program managers. The obtained data was processed through the stages of reduction, display, and interpretation.
 Findings – The results showed: 1) there are 6 profiles of Indonesian PAI after being reduced from 51 profiles, namely PAI teachers in schools/madrasahs, educational consultants, research assistants, administrators of educational institutions, Da’i/muballigh, and edupreneurs, 2) PAI’s Body of Knowledge consists of four scientific families: PAI science (what to teach), teaching science (how to teach), education and psychology (how to discipline), Research methodology, philosophy, language, technology, edupreneur (how to produce), 3) Graduate learning outcomes include in-depth mastery of PAI science, teaching, pedagogic, and PAI development, as well as how to teach PAI science effectively.
 Research implications/limitations – This research has implications for the importance of preparing graduate profiles based on tracer studies, rather than based on ‘personal wishes’; and Learning outcomes must be adjusted to the standardized BoK of the Study Program.
 Originality/value – the importance of profile mapping based on tracer studies, the significance of PAI’s body of knowledge in achieving PAI goals, and the importance of graduate learning outcomes for the expertise of PAI graduates.

Critical Factors for Account Representative Success in Reaching Tax Revenue Targets

Account Representatives are the foundation for each Tax Office, Regional Office, and even the Directorate General of Taxes in achieving tax revenue because it functions as a supervisor for taxpayers in performing their tax compliance. Against the background of the importance of achieving tax revenue and the important role of Account Representatives in achieving the tax revenue target, it is deemed necessary to know what factors determine the success of the Account Representative in achieving the tax revenue target in Indonesia. To find out these factors, qualitative research was carried out using a case study approach through in-depth interviews with 24 informants from internal and 5 informants from external of the Directorate General of Taxes, by previously conducting a preliminary questionnaire. Based on this, it was found that several factors influence or become determining factors for the Account Representative's success in achieving the tax revenue target for which they are responsible, including motivation at work, understanding of regulations, ability to communicate, availability, and accuracy of data, superior and organizational support, IT facilities and applications, profiling capabilities, mapping and business processes of taxpayers, completeness and clarity of tax regulations, placement and mutation, and awareness of taxpayers.

Retrieval and validation of vertical LAI profile derived from airborne and spaceborne LiDAR data at a deciduous needleleaf forest site

ABSTRACT Leaf area index (LAI) is defined as one half of the total green leaf area per unit ground surface area. Its vertical profile is critical for understanding the remote sensing radiative transfer processes. LAI profile has been derived from airborne and spaceborne LiDAR data, such as the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) installed on the International Space Station. However, the capability of various algorithms for the LAI profile estimation with airborne LiDAR is not clearly evaluated, and the estimated LAI profiles, including the GEDI LAI products, are not been fully validated. This study conducted a quantitative retrieval and validation of the LAI profiles using terrestrial and airborne laser scanning (TLS and ALS) and spaceborne GEDI data over a deciduous needleleaf forest site in northern China. The vertical LAI profile was estimated in the field using an upward digital hemispherical photography (DHP) attached to a portable measurement system in 2020 and 2021. A suite of new LiDAR indices combining both LiDAR return number and return intensity was explored for the LAI profile estimation. All LAI profiles obtained from the DHP, TLS, ALS, and GEDI during the leaf-on season and leaf-off season were compared. The DHP shows a good agreement with the TLS LAI profiles (R2 = 0.97). The LAI profile derived from the ALS data using the combined light penetration index (LPIRI) agrees well (R2 ≥0.86) with the DHP, TLS, and GEDI estimates. In general, the LPIRI is advantageous for regional LAI profile mapping from ALS. The GEDI cumulative LAI corresponds well with the DHP during the leaf-on season (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 0.23), but underestimates during the leaf-off season (R2 = 0.70, RMSE = 0.14, bias=−0.13). The underestimation is attributed to the higher canopy and ground reflectance ratio (ρv/ρg) assigned in the algorithm and the height discrepancy between the GEDI and field measurements. For the GEDI LAI profile product, further validation and improvement are necessary for other biome types and landscape conditions, especially during the leaf-off season.

Delineating soil conditions in a nitrate vulnerable zone using field-scale electrical resistivity profiling mapping.

Delineating soil conditions in a nitrate vulnerable zone using field-scale electrical resistivity profiling mapping.

TOF-SIMS and AFM analysis of pH effect on the interfacial films on η-phase in aqueous salt solutions

The pH effect on the surface and interfacial films on η-phase (MgZn2) in aqueous solutions under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions has been evaluated using time of flight-secondary ion spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). TOF-SIMS depth profile plots reveal that under an acidic environment (pH2) deep corrosion penetration occurs with a dispersion of corrosion products which claims a considerable depth matrix cross-section. Under near neutral environments (pH 6), the corrosion film is seen to be stratified into two layers of different compositions, while in a slightly alkaline environment (pH 10) the film appears not to be distinctly differentiated, whereas in a very alkaline environment (pH 13) a compact film rich in hydroxides develops. TOF-SIMs surface and depth profile maps were consistent with the depth profile plots. SEM and AFM images reveal that the surface roughness increased in with a decrease in pH value from the acidic to the alkaline environments. EDX elemental composition analysis also indicated a severe drop in the zinc content of the film in the alkaline environment. Largely, metallic zinc enrichment occurs following the initial magnesium dissolution whose stability is greatly affected by the near-surface pH of the bulk solution, thus, giving rise to different film structures.

Abstract 4195: Spatially resolved single cell transcriptomic profiling in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues

Abstract Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are the most widely used clinical sample types in histology and molecular diagnosis, but these samples are often challenging for single-cell transcriptomic analysis due to RNA degradation and protein crosslinking. A spatial transcriptomics technique with high detection efficiency and single molecule resolution is required in order to accurately profile the gene expression in FFPE samples in situ. Vizgen’s MERSCOPE platform, built on multiplexed error robust in situ hybridization MERFISH technology, directly profiles intact tissue’s transcriptome with subcellular spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate the FFPE MERSCOPE workflow in tissues from 10 mouse and human samples, including archival clinical samples. In each sample, hundreds of thousands of cells were captured with >100 million transcript counts, generating detailed spatial transcriptomic data for the profiled genes in each sample. A comparison of FFPE and matched fresh frozen samples indicated that the FFPE workflow performs similarly in detection efficiency as compared to the fresh frozen protocol. We further demonstrated the MERSCOPE FFPE workflow is compatible with protein imaging by performing simultaneous protein-based cell boundary staining with MERFISH to accurately profile gene expression and map cell types in archival clinical human samples. Finally, we constructed a spatially resolved single cell atlas across eight major tumor types, mapped and cataloged different cell types within the tumor microenvironment and systematically characterized the gene expression among cells. This study demonstrates the potential for spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of FFPE samples at single cell level to contribute to a wide range of biomedical research areas, including many applications to study human diseases. Citation Format: Jiang He, Justin He, Timothy Wiggin, Rob Foreman, Renchao Chen, Nicolas Fernandez, George Emanuel. Spatially resolved single cell transcriptomic profiling in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4195.

T-ray Wavelength Decoupled Imaging and Profile Mapping of a Whole Wafer for Die Sorting and Analysis

This paper describes a terahertz (T-ray) cameraless imaging and profile mapping technique for accomplishing the imaging and/or mapping of a whole wafer with fabricated dies for devising a criterion to sort out good dies. A stratagem for decoupling the wavelength's dependence on image formation is described, whereby the Abbe diffraction limit is overcome, and a high-resolution image is generated by a larger wavelength T-ray. The mechanics of cameraless image formation is discussed. A 200 mm diameter patterned wafer's image details have been presented from which die-to-die inconsistencies were investigated. A profile of a row of dies was formed from the scanned intensity and compared with the profiles obtained from the graphical analysis of the image of the same dies. It is demonstrated that a criterion could be established either from the scanned profile or from the profile generated from the graphical analysis of the image. A known good die's profile could be used as a reference to compare with the other dies' profiles on the same wafer. Such a criterion could be used to sort the good from bad dies. The technique is extended to a whole wafer populated with die patterns via the profile mapping of the entire wafer. The profile mapping of the whole wafer could be used to compare and sort all wafers from the same batch. The Fab yield is improved by maximizing the count of good dies by applying the efficient sorting criterion.

A small noncoding RNA links ribosome recovery and translation control to dedifferentiation during salamander limb regeneration.

Building a blastema from the stump is a key step of salamander limb regeneration. Stump-derived cells temporarily suspend their identity as they contribute to the blastema by a process generally referred to as dedifferentiation. Here, we provide evidence for a mechanism that involves an active inhibition of protein synthesis during blastema formation and growth. Relieving this inhibition results in a higher number of cycling cells and enhances the pace of limb regeneration. By small RNA profiling and fate mapping of skeletal muscle progeny as a cellular model for dedifferentiation, we find that the downregulation of miR-10b-5p is critical for rebooting the translation machinery. miR-10b-5p targets ribosomal mRNAs, and its artificial upregulation causes decreased blastema cell proliferation, reduction in transcripts that encode ribosomal subunits, diminished nascent protein synthesis, and retardation of limb regeneration. Taken together, our data identify a link between miRNA regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and protein synthesis during newt limb regeneration.

Unfavorable geology recognition in front of shallow tunnel face using machine learning

Subsoil profile mapping is typically based on spatially discrete borehole logs obtained from site geotechnical investigations. During the mapping, soil information between two boreholes is indeed unknown and must be interpolated. The interpolation is not always able to identify geological anomalies, posing additional risks to tunneling. To supplement this need, this study develops a time-efficient pattern recognition framework for detecting potential geological anomalies ahead of the tunnel face during the advancement of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). Three basic unfavorable geology scenarios are defined, including a soil type change with varying inclination, an interlayer, and a boulder. A series of three-dimensional finite element shallow tunneling models are built to generate synthetic spatial and temporal data of ground settlements and pore water pressures during tunneling with respect to the three basic scenarios. Three machine learning methods, i.e., random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) are developed to recognize the geological anomalies using inputs comprised of the synthetic data combined with Gaussian noise that is added to enhance regularization and model robustness. The result shows that the proposed pattern recognition approach exhibits a powerful capability in classifying the unfavorable geology as early as 4.5-8D (D represents tunnel diameter) ahead of the target anomalies. Finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed pattern recognition framework are demonstrated in a real tunneling project. This study is of value in the mitigation of tunneling risks.