Line Mapping Research Articles

Morphological map of the proximal ulna bare area: a computer-assisted anatomical study in relation to olecranon osteotomy.

The bare area is defined as a transverse region within the trochlear notch, serving as an optimal entry point for olecranon osteotomy due to the absence of articular cartilage coverage. However, there is limited research on the morphology and location of the bare area, and there is a lack of intuitive visual description. Thus, the purpose of this study is to delineate anatomical features of the bare area and visualize its morphology and refine the olecranon osteotomy approach. Thirty-six cadaveric elbow joints (comprising 18 pairs) were meticulously dissected. Measurements encompassed the lateral (radial side) and medial (ulnar side) widths, proximal and distal lengths, and the distance from the corresponding dorsal cortical point of the bare area to the triceps insertion. Post-dissection, the humeral ulnar joint was realigned, followed by randomized transverse or chevron osteotomy. Subsequent CT scans were conducted pre- and post-osteotomy to delineate the shape of the bare area and osteotomy fracture line, facilitating the generation of superimposed and heat maps for visualization. The bare area was present in all specimens, exhibiting a lateral (radial) width of 7.09 ± 4.86 mm, a medial (ulnar) width of 12.08 ± 3.66 mm, a proximal length of 15.70 ± 8.06 mm, and a distal length of 16.49 ± 7.06 mm. The distance from the triceps insertion to the corresponding dorsal cortical point of the bare area averaged 18.12 ± 3.21 mm. Notably, considerable variability was observed in both the position and shape of the bare area. Visualization through superimposed and heat maps revealed a bow-tie configuration, with the medial side wider than the lateral side, situated at the narrowest segment of the proximal ulna in the coronal plane, analogous to its waist. The superimposed map of fracture lines reveals that the fracture lines from transverse osteotomies are more concentrated than those from chevron osteotomies. The position and shape of the bare area demonstrates notable diversity, manifesting not as a strictly transverse shape nor a consistently contiguous region. Rather, the bare area generally assumes a bow-tie configuration, rendering the conventional definition of its width along the sagittal plane inadequate and potentially misleading. Based on the typical position of the bare area, we can propose that when the precise morphology and position of a patient's bare area are unknown, targeting this region via an osteotomy from the proximal ulna's narrowest segment provides an effective approach.

Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters II. NGC 7469

Circumnuclear star-forming regions (CNSFRs) found close to galactic nuclei are ionised by massive clusters. These entities give us an excellent opportunity to study star formation in environments with high metallicity, and to relate it with active galactic nuclei. Our principal aim is to derive the physical properties and dynamical masses of the CNSFRs in the two rings of the spiral NGC 7469, categorised as a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) and hosting a Seyfert 1 nucleus. We used archival data obtained with the MUSE spectrograph. The galaxy shows two prominent star-forming rings, one of them very close to their active galactic nucleus, within 1.5 arcsec from the galaxy centre. We constructed 2D flux maps of the different emission lines and two continuum bands. A map of the EW(Hα) emission shows the circumnuclear regions within the rings having EW(Hα) > 50 Å, consistent with the presence of recent star formation. All emission lines appear to have at least two kinematical components. We ascribe the most intense and narrow component to the emission lines originated by the ionising star-forming complexes (SFC) since they follow the radial velocity of the galaxy disc. For each HII region, we derived the number rate of Lyman continuum photons; the gas electron density; the ionisation parameter; the filling factor; and the mass of ionised hydrogen. We used sulphur as a tracer for chemical abundances with the temperature-sensitive SIII λ 6312 Å emission line having been measured in ∼ 50 % of the total, allowing the derivation of abundances by the direct method. The evolutionary state of the SFC was inferred with the help of population synthesis models yielding mean ages of 5.7 Ma, agreeing with the presence of the broad Wolf--Rayet (WR) carbon feature at λ 5800 Å detected in all the regions. Ionising (lower limits) and photometric SFC masses were estimated from the number of Lyman continuum photons and absolute r-magnitudes using stellar population synthesis techniques, and give median values of 2.3 times 10^6 and 6.9 times 10^6, respectively. The dynamical masses (upper limit) were derived from the measured absorption CaT velocity dispersion and the sizes of each cluster were measured on continuum light, assuming virialisation, and yield a median value of 6.7 times 10^8. Regions in the studied galaxy show sizes larger than implied by simple photo-ionisation models, which can be explained by the stellar winds produced by WR stars. The inner ring regions seem to be more compact than the outer ones. The young stellar population of the clusters has contributions of ionising populations with ages around 5 Ma, and its masses constitute less than 1% of the total dynamical mass of each SFC. Finally, the comparison between the characteristics of the inner and outer ring ionising clusters, together with their derived dynamical masses, point to circumnuclear regions close to the active galactic nucleus being more compact and having higher gas density.

The bHLH transcription factor gene EGL3 accounts for the natural diversity in Arabidopsis fruit trichome pattern and morphology.

The number and distribution of trichomes, i.e., the trichome pattern, in different plant organs shows a conspicuous inter- and intraspecific diversity across Angiosperms that is presumably involved in adaptation to numerous environmental factors. The genetic and molecular mechanisms accounting for the evolution of trichome patterns have just begun to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize MALAMBRUNO 1 (MAU1), a locus affecting trichome number in the fruits of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) natural populations. To this end, we developed introgression lines (ILs) from the hairy fruit accession Don-0 in the genetic background of the Ler strain with glabrous fruits. Genetic analyses of ILs showed that MAU1 affects fruit trichome patterns through synergistic epistasis with the MYB genes TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1), GLABRA1 (GL1), and TRIPTYCHON (TRY). In addition, fine mapping and characterization of transgenic lines demonstrated that MAU1 is the bHLH transcription factor gene EGL3, for which Don-0 carries a gain-of-function semidominant allele. Gene expression analyses did not detect differences between EGL3 alleles, thus supporting that a structural missense mutation is the causal nucleotide polymorphism of Don-0. Further phylogenetic analyses of EGL3 showed that most Arabidopsis populations with hairy fruits belong to three haplogroups, suggesting that additional EGL3 natural alleles account for fruit trichome development. Finally, the characterization of EGL3 pleiotropy indicates that Don-0 hyperfunction also increases stem trichome branching. We conclude that EGL3 interactions in the core gene regulatory network of trichome development explain the Arabidopsis natural diversity for fruit trichome pattern and morphology.

An Experimental Study Based on the Surface Microstructure of Bionic Marine Animals

Masked jet electrolytic machining has the advantages of high machining efficiency and good surface morphology, giving it important applications in fields such as bionic marine animal manufacturing. The factors affecting the electrolytic machining speed are deduced; a modeling simulation is carried out by COMSOL software; the electrolyte potential map and current density line map inside the microgroove are analyzed; and measurements of the actual machined microgroove are made by a scanning microscope to carry out the experiments of electrolytic characteristics and morphology of the microgroove under different pulse voltages, machining gaps, and machining times. Experiments show that the pulse voltage plays a dominant role in processing, and when the pulse voltage is increased from 50 V to 125 V, the microgroove width increases by an average of 7.7%, and the depth increases by an average of 28.8%, which significantly improves the surface microstructure of the bionic marine animal.

RWD2 Mapping of Treatment Lines and Regimens for Multiple Myeloma Patients in Sweden

RWD2 Mapping of Treatment Lines and Regimens for Multiple Myeloma Patients in Sweden

Assessing the toroidal radiation distribution at Wendelstein 7-X by combining Gaussian Process Tomography and field line mapping

Radiative cooling is one of the main heat dissipation channels for magnetically confined fusion plasmas. In stellarators power exhaust control is complicated by the three-dimensional radiation distribution. Using a Gaussian Process Tomography routine, the two-dimensional radiation distribution in Wendelstein 7-X is reconstructed from the line-integrated bolometer data of one poloidal cross-section. These experimental tomograms are mapped to the field of view of the newly installed divertor bolometer cameras and compared to the toroidally separated local measurements to assess the toroidal radiation distribution. We observe peaking of the plasma radiated power density in the divertor region and steep toroidal gradients, especially at low radiated power fraction (up to ×8 increase in the emissivity along a ∼2m long flux tube). These results suggest the presence of significant toroidal radiation asymmetries within a stellarator half-module.

Assessment Of Spatiotemporal Variation In Inter-State Passenger Flow From Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria

This paper examines the nature, pattern, and spatiotemporal variation of inter-state passenger movement from Katsina to other states across the country. Two major terminals were purposefully selected for the study, which are the Nigerian Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) and Katsina State Transport Authority (KTSTA). Questionnaires were systemically administered to departing passengers. Information on passenger flow was collected from the passenger register at the motor parks. A flow line map was used to show the direction of the flow, while a bar graph was used to show the volume or magnitude and temporal variation of passenger movement from Katsina to other states across the country. The findings reveal that the majority of the passengers were males who were married, and most of them were traders and civil servants; thus, work- or business-related trips account for most of the reasons for travelling. The findings reveal that the NURTW terminal has a wider spatial coverage of 11 states, while the KTSTA terminal has a spatial coverage of 9 states. Kano State is the most popular destination, followed by Kaduna and Abuja. Generally, the findings show a seasonal pattern of passenger flow with higher numbers in the later months of the year (October to December) and lower numbers in the middle of the year (June and July). Recommendations include the enhancement of transport infrastructures to cater to work- or business-related trips, seasonal adjustment, passenger demographic consideration, and promotion of off-peak travel. This is to ensure a more efficient and responsive transport system that meets the needs of travellers and maximises customer satisfaction.

Connected Platinum–Based Catalysts and Carbon-Free Cathode Catalyst Layers for High-Performance PEFCs

The improvement of the activity and durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential to realize the widespread uses of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Our group has developed a carbon-free connected Pt1–Fe1 catalyst with a chemically ordered superlattice structure.1–7 This catalyst consists of a beaded nanonetwork (5–15 nm) by the connection of Pt1–Fe1 nanoparticles with high electrical conductivity, thus eliminating the need for a carbon support. The connected Pt1–Fe1 catalyst exhibits an ORR specific activity about 10 times higher than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This catalyst with carbon-free and chemically ordered structures improves the durability against start/stop and load cycles.1,4 Furthermore, the carbon-free catalyst layer using the connected Pt1–Fe1 catalyst with a porous, hollow capsule structure has high porosity (> 80%) and thin thickness (~ 1 μm), which would be beneficial for oxygen transport.To advance connected nanoparticle catalysts, this study addressed structural control of connected Pt-based catalysts and carbon-free catalyst layers using the developed catalysts. Since Fe ions induce the Fenton reaction and accelerate the degradation of electrolyte polymers, carbon-free and iron-free connected Pt3–Co1 catalysts with chemically ordered structures (Figure 1a) were developed using our silica coating method.4 The investigation of the structural effects on ORR performances in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte solution indicated that higher ordered degrees of the connected Pt3–Co1 catalysts improved ORR specific activity and load cycle durability. The STEM-EDX line mapping results suggested that a highly ordered structure can greatly suppress metal leaching from the catalyst. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1b, this study investigated the structural effects on fuel cell performances for the carbon-free cathode catalyst layers. Here, the connected Pt3–Co1 catalyst with a hollow capsule structure was used, and the structural parameters such as ionomer thickness on capsules, capsule size, etc. were controlled. This presentation will discuss the relationship between catalyst layer structures and fuel cell performances through electrochemical and oxygen transport analyses. The developed connected Pt-based catalysts and the findings obtained in this study will contribute greatly to the design of a carbon-free cathode catalyst layer to achieve enhanced PEFC performances. Acknowledgement: This presentation is based on results obtained from a project, JPNP20003, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan. References Kuroki, T. Yamaguchi et al., [1] Energy Environ. Sci., 8, 3545–3549 (2015). [2] J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, F927–F932 (2016). [3] ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1, 324–330 (2018). [4] ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 3, 9912–9923 (2020). [5] ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 5, 13176–13188 (2022). [6] J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 56, 2197946 (2023). [7] Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 63, 048002 (2024). Figure 1

Integrated geological study for reservoir modeling and characterization of the Shurijeh gas bearing sandstones in one of the Northeast Iran gas fields

The sandstones deposited in the sequence of Shurijeh Formation comprise a giant gas reservoir in the Northeast of Iran. Five primary facies (petrofacies) were identified in the deposits of Shurijeh Formation such that the entire sedimentary sequence was divided into eight zones. Diagenetic processes have affected the pore properties of sandstone (zone D2). In this research, the petrophysical parameters (porosity and water saturation) and lithology were gamma-ray in the correlation with the petrofacies and core data. The areas with good reservoir properties for each zone and the total reservoir volume were simulated by exerting an appropriate threshold cutoff limit for the reservoir parameter (porosity and water saturation) and shale volume. For determine the economic hydrocarbon volume of the field, the uncertainty analysis in volumetric calculations was carried out utilizing the Monte Carlo method, with the production of Case50, gas-in-place was calculated as 28 × 106 cubic meters. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of each parameter on gas-in-place. Based on the results of this study, the sedimentary facies and diagenesis processes directly affect the in gas-in-place the reservoir. According to the sensitivity analysis, the map of underground lines (UGC) and fluid contact were the most sensitive compared to porosity and water saturation. That the fluid contact is related to the sedimentary facies and diagenetic processes. In fine-grained sedimentary facies, due to the transition zone increase, it is difficult to accurately determine the fluid boundary of the reservoir, while in coarse-grained sediments, which have high permeability, due to the transition zone reduction, the fluid boundary is more accurately determined. Also, diagenetic processes such as cementation, dissolution, and dolomitic processes cause great complexity in determining fluid boundaries. Therefore, comprehensive geological and reservoir studies must be done before any field development work. In this study, the spread of the reservoir zones B and D1, which have the highest volume of in-situ hydrocarbons, with lithofacies that are associated with high-energy environments (mostly sandstone) and have excellent petrophysical parameters in terms of reservoir quality was demonstrated. In accordance with these results, initial depositional processes control the distribution of porosity, water saturation, thickness and extension of prolific areas at the field scale.

GA-NIFS: JWST/NIRSpec IFS view of the z ∼ 3.5 galaxy GS5001 and its close environment at the core of a large-scale overdensity

We present JWST Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) observations in integral field spectroscopic (IFS) mode of the galaxy GS5001 at redshift z = 3.47, the central member of a candidate protocluster in the GOODS-S field. The data cover a field of view (FoV) of 4″ × 4″ (∼30 × 30 kpc2) and were obtained as part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) GTO programme. The observations include both high (R ∼ 2700) and low (R ∼ 100) spectral resolution data, spanning the rest-frame wavelength ranges 3700–6780 Å and 1300–11850 Å, respectively. These observations enable the detection and mapping of the main optical emission lines from [O II]λλ3726, 29 to [S III]λ9531. We analysed the spatially resolved ionised gas kinematics and interstellar medium properties, including obscuration, gas metallicity, excitation, ionisation parameter, and electron density. In addition to the main galaxy (GS5001), the NIRSpec FoV covers a close companion in the south, with three sub-structures with velocities blueshifted by ∼ − 150 km s−1 with respect to GS5001, and another source in the north redshifted by ∼200 km s−1. Optical line ratio diagnostics indicate star formation ionisation and electron densities of ∼500 cm−3 across all sources in the FoV. The gas-phase metallicity in the main galaxy is 12+log(O/H) = 8.45 ± 0.04, and slightly lower in the companions (12+log(O/H) = 8.34 − 8.42), consistent with the mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 3. We find peculiar line ratios (high log[N II]/Hα = [−0.45, −0.3], low log[O III]/Hβ = [0.06, 0.10]) in the northern part of GS5001. These could be attributed to either higher metallicity, or to shocks resulting from the interaction of the main galaxy with the northern source. We identify a spatially resolved outflow in the main galaxy, traced by a broad symmetric component in Hα and [O III], with an extension of about 3 kpc. We find maximum outflow velocities of ∼400 km s−1, an outflow mass of (1.7 ± 0.4)×108 M⊙, a mass outflow rate of 23 ± 5 M⊙ yr−1, and a mass loading factor of 0.23. These properties are compatible with star formation being the driver of the outflow. Our analysis of these JWST NIRSpec IFS data therefore provides valuable, unprecedented insights into the interplay between star formation, galactic outflows, and interactions in the core of a z ∼ 3.5 candidate protocluster.

JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS)

Context. Due to the high visual extinction and lack of sensitive mid-infrared (MIR) telescopes, the origin and properties of outflows and jets from embedded Class 0 protostars are still poorly constrained. Aims. We aim to characterise the physical, kinematic, and dynamical properties of the HH 211 jet and outflow, one of the youngest protostellar flows. Methods. We used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) in the 5–28 µm range to study the embedded HH 211 flow. We mapped a 0′.95 × 0′.22 region, covering the full extent of the blueshifted lobe, the central protostellar region, and a small portion of the redshifted lobe. We extracted spectra along the jet and outflow and constructed line and excitation maps of both atomic and molecular lines. Additional JWST NIRCam H2 narrow-band images (at 2.122 and 3.235 µm) provide a visualextinction map of the whole flow, and are used to deredden our data. Results. The jet-driving source is not detected even at the longest MIR wavelengths. The overall morphology of the flow consists of a highly collimated jet, which is mostly molecular (H2, HD) with an inner atomic ([Fe I], [Fe II], [S I], [Ni II]) structure. The jet shocks the ambient medium, producing several large bow shocks (BSs) that are rich in forbidden atomic ([Fe II], [S I], [Ni II], [Cl I], [Cl II], [Ar II], [Co II], [Ne II], [S III]) and molecular lines (H2, HD, CO, OH, H2O, CO2, HCO+), and is driving an H2 molecular outflow that is mostly traced by low- J, v = 0 transitions. Moreover, H2 0-0 S(1) uncollimated emission is also detected down to 2″-3″ (~650–1000 au) from the source, tracing a cold (T=200–400 K), less dense, and poorly collimated molecular wind. Two H2 components (warm, T =300–1000 K, and hot, T =1000–3500 K) are detected along the jet and outflow. The atomic jet ([Fe II] at 26 µm) is detected down to ~130 au from the source, whereas the lack of H2 emission (at 17 µm) close to the source is likely due to the large visual extinction (AV > 80 mag). Dust-continuum emission is detected at the terminal BSs and in the blue- and redshifted jet, and is likely attributable to dust lifted from the disc. Conclusions. The jet shows an onion-like structure, with layers of different size, velocity, temperature, and chemical composition. Moreover, moving from the inner jet to the outer BSs, different physical, kinematic, and excitation conditions for both molecular and atomic gas are observed. The mass-flux rate and momentum of the jet, as well as the momentum flux of the warm H2 component, are up to one order of magnitude higher than those inferred from the atomic jet component. Our findings indicate that the warm H2 red component is the main driver of the outflow, that is to say it is the most significant dynamical component of the jet, in contrast to jets from more evolved YSOs, where the atomic component is dominant.

Global profiling of transcriptome, proteome and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome in radioresistant lung adenocarcinoma cell

Radioresistance contributes to metastasis and recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To provide novel clues, a complete multi-omics map of a radioresistant cancer cell line has been profiled. In this article, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, radioresistant A549 (RA549), was generated by exposure to a series of irradiation. Subsequently, we adopted transcriptome, quantitative proteome and lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome to construct a differential profile on the transcriptional to post-tanslational levels on A549 and RA549 cell lines, respectively. Our analysis revealed 920 significantly differentially expressed genes and 699 proteins. Furthermore, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome identified 30,089 Khib modified sites on 4635 proteins, indicating that Khib modifications play vital role in regulating NSCLC radioresistance. Multi-omics combined analysis identified 19 significantly differentially expressed genes/proteins in total. Meanwhile, we found that EGFR, a well-known lung cancer-related receptor, was upregulated at both the protein and Khib modification levels in RA549. Further gain/loss of function experiments showed that Khib modified EGFR level positively correlates with NSCLC cell radioresistance. Taken together, our findings report that Khib-modified proteins enhanced resistance to radiation and represent promising therapeutic targets.

Soliton and lump and travelling wave solutions of the (3 + 1) dimensional KPB like equation with analysis of chaotic behaviors

Nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) have a wide range of applications in various fields, including physics, engineering, biology, economics, and more. These equations are used to describe complex systems that change over time, where the state or behavior of the system not only depends on the current situation, but may also be related to the past. A deep understanding of the solutions to NLEEs is of great significance for predicting and controlling the behavior of complex systems. The (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq-like (KPB-like) equation represents a partial differential equation that describes nonlinear wave phenomena in multi-dimensional spaces. This model is commonly employed in fields such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics to study wave behaviors. This paper investigates the KPB-like equations, which have meaningful physical implications in describing nonlinear wave phenomena. Hirota bilinear method is employed to derive the bilinear form for the KPB-like equation and 1-soliton, 2-soliton, lump, and travelling wave solutions are studied to this kind of nonlinear model. In addition, the chaotic behaviors of soliton and lump solutions are explored via applying the Duffing chaotic system. To have a better understanding of dynamic structures, 3D, line, density and contour map plots of begotten results are displayed. Our results indicate the directness and effectiveness of the applied method for analyzing high-dimensional differential equations that arise in nonlinear science.

Investigation on the mechanical and tribological behavior of tungsten-reinforced Ti-5Al-2.5Sn composites

The composite material under this investigation was fabricated using the microwave sintering process. The matrix materials chosen for the preparation of composite materials include pure titanium (Ti), aluminium (Al), and tin (Sn). Tungsten (W) is used as the reinforcing material, with variable weight percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The purpose of this study is to assess the fundamental mechanical properties (microhardness, elastic moduli, fracture toughness, contact stiffness, etc.) and surface degradation properties (wear) of the composite materials that were fabricated. Furthermore, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with line mapping analysis were performed to verify the existence of reinforcement particles evenly distributed in the matrix material and scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) examination was done on the wear tested samples. The density of the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-2W composite material has been enhanced in comparison to the density of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn. The results of the Micro Vickers hardness test indicate that the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-2W composite exhibits a hardness that is 3.1% higher than that of the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn material. In comparison to Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-2W composite displayed a 10% lower wear rate and 7% coefficient of friction, respectively. The findings show that increasing the weight percentage of tungsten (W) greatly enhances the mechanical and wear characteristics of the composites.

The genetic architecture of the pepper metabolome and the biosynthesis of its signature capsianoside metabolites

Capsicum (pepper) is among the most economically important species worldwide, and its fruits accumulate specialized metabolites with essential roles in plant environmental interaction and human health benefits as well as in conferring their unique taste. However, the genetics underlying differences in metabolite presence/absence and/or accumulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide association study as well as generating and characterizing a novel backcross inbred line mapping population to determine the genetic architecture of the pepper metabolome. This genetic analysis provided over 1,000 metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) for over 250 annotated metabolites. We identified 92 candidate genes involved in various mQTLs. Among the identified loci, we described and validated a gene cluster of eleven UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in monomeric capsianoside biosynthesis. We additionally constructed the gene-by-gene-based biosynthetic pathway of pepper capsianoside biosynthesis, including both core and decorative reactions. Given that one of these decorative pathways, namely the glycosylation of acyclic diterpenoid glycosides, contributes to plant resistance, these data provide new insights and breeding resources for pepper. They additionally provide a blueprint for the better understanding of the biosynthesis of species-specific natural compounds in general.

Multivariate analysis and image-based phenotyping of cayenne fruit traits in selection and diversity mapping of multiple F1 cross lines

The phenomenon of fluctuating chili prices can be resolved in stages, one of which is through multiple crosses. However, this cross requires precise methods in the evaluation and selection process, especially regarding fruit characteristics. Image-based phenotyping 4.0 approaches can increase the potential precision of such evaluation genotypes, especially when this approach is combined with multivariate analysis. Therefore, both methods are needed to evaluate and select these cayenne multiple crosses. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of multivariate analysis and image-based explanatory characteristics of fruit phenotypes and to select multiple crosses that can continue to the F2 generation. The research was designed with a randomized complete block design of ten F1 multiple cross-genotypes and four check varieties. Each genotype was repeated three times, so there were 42 experimental units. Based on the results, multivariate was considered adequate in determining image explanatory characters based on fruit phenotype and genotype mapping of the population diversity of multiple crosses of cayenne pepper. The characteristics of fruit height, fruit area, and fruit Intden are image-based explanatory characters that can map the completeness of cayenne pepper fruit between multiple crosses well. This indicates that image-based phenotyping and multivariate analysis can provide more detailed image information of the potential of cayenne fruit from multiple crosses than just based on fruit weight. Therefore, both approaches are recommended for analyzing cayenne paper fruit potential, especially for multiple crosses. In addition, three crosses (MC4, MC8, and MC9) are optimal for the next generation to be recommended and continued.

H i studies of extremely metal-poor dwarfs in voids – I

ABSTRACT We present and discuss the results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H i 21-cm line mapping for five isolated low-mass (M$_{\rm bary}$$\sim$(2–8)$\times 10^7$ M$\odot$) eXtremely Metal Poor dwarfs [12+$\log$(O/H) = 7.13–7.28], selected from the nearby void galaxy sample. All the studied void dwarfs show disturbed morphology in the H i maps with the angular resolutions of $\sim 11$ to $\sim 40\,{\rm arcsec}$. We examine the H i morphology and velocity field and the relative orientation of their stellar and gas body spins. We discuss the overall non-equilibrium state of their gas and the possible origin and evolution of the studied void dwarfs. The most straightforward interpretation of the ubiquitous phenomenon of the gas component non-equilibrium state in these and similar void dwarfs is the cold accretion from the void filaments and/or minor mergers. The cold gas accretion in voids could be linked to the presence of small filaments that constitute the substructure of voids.

Derivation of Predictive Layers Using Regional Till Geochemistry Data for Mineral Potential Mapping of the REE Line of Bergslagen, Central Sweden

With the increasing need for rare-earth elements (REEs) to reach the goals of the ongoing green energy transition, new and innovative methods are needed to identify new primary resources of these critical metals. This study explores the potential to use a non-biased, uniform till dataset to generate evidentiary layers that describe these critical factors and geochemical anomalies to aid mineral potential mapping (MPM) for REEs using machine-assisted methods. The till samples used in this study were collected from the “REE Line”, a sub-region within the Bergslagen lithotectonic province, Sweden, where numerous REE mineralizations occur. Multiple approaches were used in this study to isolate geochemical anomalies using multivariate methods, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering. Additional factors for classifying till samples were also tested, including alteration indices. Using known REE occurrences in Bergslagen as validation points, the results demonstrated the usefulness of multivariate methods applied to till geochemistry for predictive bedrock mapping, and to identify potential areas of REE mineralization within the REE line. The results of the alteration indices showed that the till geochemistry demonstrated similar levels of alteration when compared to the underlying bedrock, allowing for a regional alteration map to be generated. These results show that regional-scale till sampling can provide low-cost data for mineral exploration at the regional scale and generate usable evidentiary layers for GIS-based MPM.

Self-generated cues: the role of cue quality in facilitating eyewitness recall

Purpose Witness-led techniques, informed by theory, have been recognized as best practice for eliciting information from cooperative eyewitnesses. This study aims to test a self-generated cue (SGC) mnemonic grounded in memory theory and explore the impact of three SGC mnemonics on subsequent recall performance. Design/methodology/approach Participants (N = 170) witnessed a live staged event and reported their recall using an SGC mnemonic (keywords only, event line or concept map) or control technique (other-generated cues or free recall only). These mock witness accounts were compared in terms of correct and incorrect details reported. Findings Fewer correct details were reported in the other-generated cue condition compared to the SGC event line (p = 0.018) and SGC concept map (p = 0.010). There were no significant differences between free recall alone and any other condition. The number of inaccurate details reported did not differ between conditions (p = 0.153). The findings suggest that high-quality free recall instructions can benefit recall performance above generic cues (e.g. other-generated cues) but using SGCs to support a structured recall (e.g. concept map or event line) may offer an additional recall benefit. Originality/value The findings support previous research that SGCs benefit recall beyond other-generated cues. However, by comparing different cue generation techniques grounded in the literature, we extend such findings to show that SGC generation techniques are not equally effective and that combining SGCs with structured recall is likely to carry the greatest benefit to recall.

Correlation of the Socio-Demographic Variables to Travel Behaviour and Mode Choice in Cities of Least Developed Countries- Case Study, Urban Neighbourhoods in Aden, Yemen

This case study focuses on the city of Aden, Yemen, where a large segment of the population relies on the semi-formal public transportation due to various sociodemographic and economic factors. The study specifically investigates the inner urban area of Al Mansoura in Aden. To understand travel behavior and mode choice in this area, the research employs a mixed methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches through a case study design. Primary data about the area of interest were collected through field observations, interviews, questionnaires, GIS mapping, and street audits. In addition, a novel mapping of the semi-formal transportation lines was produced for the first time in the city. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The results indicate a correlation between sociodemographic variables and travel behavior and mode choice, particularly in terms of income and gender. Low-income individuals tend to use public transport, while those with higher incomes prefer private vehicles. Additionally, females generally drive less than males and generally have less mobility due to cultural and educational factors; fewer responsibilities outside the home. However, a small number of females who use private vehicles tend to work.