Version Of Manuscript Research Articles

The Turkish Language in the Poetry Collection Compiled by Miho Martelini from Dubrovnik

In the library of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo there is a manuscript poetry collection compiled by Miho Martelini from Dubrovnik. The collection was compiled in Dubrovnik in 1657 and consists of two volumes containing poems composed in Croatian, Turkish, and Italian. All of the poems were written down in Italian Latin script, except for one poem in both Croatian and Turkish, which was written down in Bosnian Cyrillic script. The eighteen Turkish poems in this collection all belong to the genre of Turkish folk poetry. This paper analyses the characteristics of the Turkish language in the poems from Martelini's collection. Since the poems were compiled in Dubrovnik, which had strong and lively ties with the Ottoman Empire, three linguistic layers could be expected in them: (1) the Ottoman language, or the language of the upper, educated classes of society in the Ottoman Empire; (2) West Rumelian Turkish, or the dialect of Turkish that we may expect to have been present on the territory of Dubrovnik; and (3) the so-called Bosnian variety of the Turkish language, which had developed under the strong influence of a South Slavic substratum, and which may also be expected to have been present in Dubrovnik, due to its geographical proximity to Ottoman Bosnia. This linguistic analysis of Turkish poems from Martelini’s collection complements the image we have of the linguistic, cultural, and societal conditions in the city of Dubrovnik, as well as the larger territory of southeastern Europe in the 17th century.

Effects of home disease management strategies based on the dyadic illness management theory on elderly patients with chronic heart failure and informal caregivers’ physical and psychological outcomes: protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundCurrently, most elderly chronic heart failure (CHF) patients go home for rehabilitation after certain treatment in hospitals. However, the results of their rehabilitation at home are not satisfactory. According to studies, dyadic treatments can increase the efficiency of home rehabilitation, enhance both partners' quality of life, lessen the caregiver's load of care, and alleviate the strain of medical resources. Thus, the aim of our research is to design a study protocol that included elderly CHF patients and their informal caregivers as an intervention unit and to explore the impact of the protocol on their health and physical outcomes.MethodsThis is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in a triple-A hospital. In total, 80 elderly CHF patients and informal caregivers (80 dyads) will be recruited with informed consent. Based on the randomized numbers, they are divided into a control group (40 dyads) and an intervention group (40 dyads), subjects in the control group will receive usual care, and subjects in the intervention group will receive a home-based disease management program based on the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management on the basis of the control group. The duration of the intervention is 3 months, and the follow-up is 6 months. Data is collected at enrolment, 3 months after the intervention, and 3 months after the end of the intervention. The primary outcome is patients’ quality of life and readmission. Secondary outcomes include patients’ self-management behaviors, anxiety, and depression and caregivers’ quality of life and care burden.DiscussionThis study focuses on whether this home-based disease management program can improve the quality of life of elderly patients with CHF, reduce the readmission rate, enhance their self-management capacity, reduce negative emotions, and reduce the burden of informal caregivers. It can provide a new perspective on home management and cardiac rehabilitation of heart failure disease in the elderly, as well as alleviate problems such as the burden of healthcare resources.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCRT2300068026. Registered on 3 February 2023, manuscript Version: 1.0, https://www.chictr.org.cn/.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of invasive bacterial infections among children from low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPRO) – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Antimicrobial resistance increasingly impacts paediatric mortality, particularly in resource-constrained settings. We aimed to evaluate the susceptibility profiles of bacteria causing infections in children from the Western Pacific region. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of bacteria responsible for common infections in children. We included studies published from January 2011 to December 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42021248722). Pooled susceptibilities were evaluated against empiric antibiotics recommended to treat common clinical syndromes. Fifty-one papers met inclusion criteria, incorporating 18,330 bacterial isolates. Of available published data, only six countries from the region were represented. Escherichia coli revealed a pooled susceptibility to ampicillin of 17% (95% CI 12-23%, n=3292), gentamicin 63% (95% CI 59-67%, n=3956), and third-generation cephalosporins 59% (95% CI 49-69%, n=3585). Susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to gentamicin was 71% (95% CI 61-80%, n=2323), third-generation cephalosporins 35% (95% CI 22-49%, n=2076), and carbapenems 89% (95% CI 78-97%, n=2080). Pooled susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to flucloxacillin was 72% (95% CI 58-83%, n=1666), and susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis isolates to ampicillin was 26% (95% CI 11-44%, n=375), and 63% (95% CI 40-84%, n=246) to third-generation cephalosporins. The burden of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria responsible for common infections in children across the Western Pacific region is significant, and the currently recommended World Health Organization antibiotics to treat these infections may be inefficacious. Strategies to improve the availability of high-quality data to understand the burden of antimicrobial resistance in the region are necessary. The study was supported by an Australian GovernmentNational Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [220211/Z/20/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

The Question of Blanchot in Beckett’s Three Dialogues and The Unnamable

Abstract While the possible influence of the French writer Maurice Blanchot on Samuel Beckett’s writing has long been one of the more vexing questions in Beckett scholarship, textual echoes, thematic correspondences and circumstantial clues now make it likelier than not that Beckett encountered Blanchot’s writing in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The personal documents of Georges Duthuit—Beckett’s close friend in this period, during the writing of both Three Dialogues (1949) and the ‘Trilogy’ of novels (1951–1953)—shed further light on this connection. They suggest that Three Dialogues is a continuation of Beckett’s decades-long thought on habit, as first articulated in Proust (1930), and that Duthuit (re)introduced Beckett to Blanchot’s work at the time of writing Three Dialogues. This article explores connections between Blanchot’s Thomas l’obscur (1941) and ‘De l’angoisse au langage’ (1943), and published and manuscript versions of Beckett’s Three Dialogues and L’Innommable, as well as between the problematics posed by the latter two texts. Finally, it suggests that L’Innommable is not a reflection but a radicalization of Blanchot’s thought, such that Blanchot missed the full extent of its radicality in his own review of the novel.

Birth rate decline in the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of policy interventions, vaccination programmes and economic uncertainty

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the factors influencing the decline in the birth rates observed in higher-income countries in the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest that economic uncertainty, non-pharmaceutical policy interventions, and the first wave of the population-wide vaccination campaign were associated with the decline in birth rates during 2022. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During the COVID-19 pandemic, birth rates in most higher-income countries first briefly declined and then shortly recovered, showing no common trends afterwards until early 2022, when they unexpectedly dropped. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study uses population-wide data on monthly total fertility rates adjusted for seasonality and calendar effects provided in the Human Fertility Database (HFD). Births taking place between November 2020 and October 2022 correspond to conceptions occurring between February 2020 and January 2022, ie, after the onset of the pandemic but prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The data cover 26 countries, including 21 countries in Europe, the United States, Canada, Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS First, we provided a descriptive analysis of the monthly changes in the total fertility rate (TFR). Second, we employed linear fixed effects regression models to estimate the association of explanatory factors with the observed seasonally adjusted total fertility rates. Our analysis considered three broader sets of explanatory factors: economic uncertainty, policy interventions restricting mobility and social activities outside the home, and the progression of vaccination programmes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that birth trends during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with economic uncertainty, as measured by increased inflation (p < 0.001), whereas unemployment did not show any link to births during the pandemic (p = 0.677). The stringency of pandemic policy interventions was linked to a postponement of births, but only in countries with lower institutional trust and only in the early phase of the pandemic (p = 0.003). In countries with higher trust, stricter containment measures were positively associated with birth rates, both for conceptions in the first year of the pandemic (p = 0.019) and, albeit only weakly significant, for conceptions later in the pandemic (p = 0.057). Furthermore, we found a negative association between the share of the population having received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccination and total fertility rates (p < 0.001), whereas the share of the population having completed the primary vaccination course (usually consisting of two doses) was linked to a recovery of birth rates (p < 0.001). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our research is restricted to higher-income countries with relatively strong social support policies provided by the government as well as wide access to modern contraception. Our data did not allow analyses of birth trends by key characteristics, such as age, birth order and social status. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first multi-country study of the drivers of birth trends in the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the past, periods following epidemics and health crises were typically associated with a recovery in births. In contrast, our results show that the gradual phasing out of pandemic containment measures, allowing increased mobility and a return to more normal work and social life, contributed to declining birth rates in some countries. In addition, our analysis indicates that some women avoided pregnancy until completion of the primary vaccination protocol. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study did not use any external funding. The authors acknowledge funding from their home institution, the Vienna Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and from the Open-Access Fund of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript versions arising from this submission. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Describing the Landscape of Medical Education Preprints on MedRxiv: Current Trends and Future Recommendations.

A preprint is a version of a research manuscript posted to a preprint server prior to peer review. Preprints enable authors to quickly and openly share research, afford opportunities for expedient feedback, and enable immediate listing of research on grant and promotion applications. In medical education, most journals welcome preprints, which suggests that preprints play a role in the field's discourse. Yet, little is known about medical education preprints, including author characteristics, preprint use, and ultimate publication status. This study provides an overview of preprints in medical education to better understand their role in the field's discourse. The authors queried medRxiv, a preprint repository, to identify preprints categorized as "medical education" and downloaded related metadata. CrossRef was queried to gather information on preprints later published in journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Between 2019 and 2022, 204 preprints were classified in medRxiv as "medical education," with most deposited in 2021 (n = 76; 37.3%). On average, preprint full-texts were downloaded 1,875.2 times, and all were promoted on social media. Preprints were authored, on average, by 5.9 authors. Corresponding authors were based in 41 countries, with 45.6% in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Almost half (n = 101; 49.5%) became published articles in predominantly peer-reviewed journals. Preprints appeared in 65 peer-reviewed journals, with BMC Medical Education (n = 9; 8.9%) most represented. Medical education research is being deposited as preprints, which are promoted, heavily accessed, and subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals, including medical education journals. Considering the benefits of preprints and the slowness of medical education publishing, it is likely that preprint depositing will increase and preprints will be integrated into the field's discourse. The authors propose next steps to facilitate responsible and effective creation and use of preprints.

L’ordine corinzio nei disegni di Francesco di Giorgio Martini

This contribution offers a detailed exploration of an interdisciplinary research project focused on developing an original method for interpreting the drawings in the manuscript versions of Francesco di Giorgio Martini’s Treatise on Architecture. The research primarily centers on the Ashburnham 361 manuscript, housed at the Biblioteca Laurenziana in Florence. This work pays special attention to the drawings in the chapter on columns found in the mentioned manuscript. These drawings serve as examples Martini uses to illustrate his translation or vernacular version of Vitruvius’ Architecture. Upon closer examination, these images reveal the extensive technical and artistic knowledge that Francesco di Giorgio possessed. By using the Corinthian capital as the guiding theme of this work, it is possible to trace this extensive knowledge, which was prevalent in medieval art and architecture, particularly in Siena, the author’s homeland, as well as in Tuscany and throughout central Italy.

Ms. rom. 4648 al Bibliotecii Academiei Române: predicile lui Ioanichie Haleatovski din coligatul ieromonahului Ștefan de la Mănăstirea Bistrița

This paper presents a detailed description of the Romanian Manuscript 4648, found in the Library of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest, which contains some of the Ioanykiy Halyatovsky’s homillies written in The Key to Understanding (Ключ розуміння). The manuscript we are describing contains a printed copy of the Romanian translation Cheia înțelesului (Bucharest, 1678) and a manuscript version of other Halyatovsky’s homillies. We explain how this colligate was composed and we reveal its connection with the original printed work.

The severity of meiotic aneuploidy is associated with altered morphokinetic variables of mouse oocyte maturation.

Is there an association between morphokinetic variables of meiotic maturation and the severity of aneuploidy following in vitro maturation (IVM) in the mouse? The severity of meiotic aneuploidy correlates with an extended time to first polar body extrusion (tPB1) and duration of meiosis I (dMI). Morphokinetic variables measured using time-lapse technology allow for the non-invasive evaluation of preimplantation embryo development within clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART). We recently applied this technology to monitor meiotic progression during IVM of mouse gametes. Whether there is a relationship between morphokinetic variables of meiotic progression and aneuploidy in the resulting egg has not been systematically examined at the resolution of specific chromosomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a robust clinical tool for determining aneuploidy status and has been reverse-translated in mouse blastocysts and oocytes. Therefore, we harnessed the technologies of time-lapse imaging and NGS to determine the relationship between the morphokinetics of meiotic progression and egg aneuploidy. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from large antral follicles from hyperstimulated CD-1 mice. Cumulus cells were removed, and spontaneous IVM was performed in the absence or presence of two doses of Nocodazole (25 or 50 nM) to induce a spectrum of spindle abnormalities and chromosome segregation errors during oocyte meiosis. Comprehensive chromosome screening was then performed in the resulting eggs, and morphokinetic variables and ploidy status were compared across experimental groups (control, n = 11; 25 nM Nocodazole, n = 13; 50 nM Nocodazole, n = 23). We monitored IVM in mouse oocytes using time-lapse microscopy for 16 h, and time to germinal vesicle breakdown (tGVBD), tPB1, and dMI were analyzed. Following IVM, comprehensive chromosome screening was performed on the eggs and their matched first polar bodies via adaptation of an NGS-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) assay. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to align reads to the mouse genome and determine copy number-based predictions of aneuploidy. The concordance of each polar body-egg pair (reciprocal errors) was used to validate the results. Ploidy status was categorized as euploid, 1-3 chromosomal segregation errors, or ≥4 chromosomal segregation errors. Additionally, aneuploidy due to premature separation of sister chromatids (PSSC) versus non-disjunction (NDJ) was distinguished. We applied and validated state-of-the-art NGS technology to screen aneuploidy in individual mouse eggs and matched polar bodies at the chromosome-specific level. By performing IVM in the presence of different doses of Nocodazole, we induced a range of aneuploidy. No aneuploidy was observed in the absence of Nocodazole (0/11), whereas IVM in the presence of 25 and 50 nM Nocodazole resulted in an aneuploidy incidence of 7.69% (1/13) and 82.61% (19/23), respectively. Of the aneuploid eggs, 5% (1/20) was due to PSSC, 65% (13/20) to NDJ, and the remainder to a combination of both. There was no relationship between ploidy status and tGVBD, but tPB1 and the dMI were both significantly prolonged in eggs with reciprocal aneuploidy events compared to the euploid eggs, and this scaled with the severity of aneuploidy. Eggs with ≥4 aneuploid chromosomes had the longest tPB1 and dMI (P < 0.0001), whereas eggs with one to three aneuploid chromosomes exhibited intermediate lengths of time (P < 0.0001). N/A. We used Nocodazole in this study to disrupt the meiotic spindle and induce aneuploidy in mouse oocytes. Whether the association between morphokinetic variables of meiotic progression and the severity of aneuploidy occurs with other compounds that induce chromosome segregation errors remain to be investigated. In addition, unlike mouse oocytes, human IVM requires the presence of cumulus cells, which precludes visualization of morphokinetic variables of meiotic progression. Thus, our study may have limited direct clinical translatability. We validated NGS in mouse eggs to detect aneuploidy at a chromosome-specific resolution which greatly improves the utility of the mouse model. With a tractable and validated model system for characterizing meiotic aneuploidy, investigations into the molecular mechanisms and factors which may influence aneuploidy can be further elaborated. Time-lapse analyses of morphokinetic variables of meiotic progression may be a useful non-invasive predictor of aneuploidy severity. This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-003385). Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Phylogenomic early warning signals for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves

Epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections have often been associated with the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Rapid detection of growing genomic variants can therefore serve as a predictor of future waves, enabling timely implementation of countermeasures such as non-pharmaceutical interventions (social distancing), additional vaccination (booster campaigns), or healthcare capacity adjustments. The large amount of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence data produced during the pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the utility of these data for generating early warning signals (EWS). We developed an analytical pipeline (Transmission Fitness Polymorphism Scanner - designated in an R package mrc-ide/tfpscanner) for systematically exploring all clades within a SARS-CoV-2 virus phylogeny to detect variants showing unusually high growth rates. We investigated the use of these cluster growth rates as the basis for a variety of statistical time series to use as leading indicators for the epidemic waves in the UK during the pandemic between August 2020 and March 2022. We also compared the performance of these phylogeny-derived leading indicators with a range of non-phylogeny-derived leading indicators. Our experiments simulated data generation and real-time analysis. Using phylogenomic analysis, we identified leading indicators that would have generated EWS ahead of significant increases in COVID-19 hospitalisations in the UK between August 2020 and March 2022. Our results also show that EWS lead time is sensitive to the threshold set for the number of false positive (FP) EWS. It is often possible to generate longer EWS lead times if more FP EWS are tolerated. On the basis of maximising lead time and minimising the number of FP EWS, the best performing leading indicators that we identified, amongst a set of 1.4 million, were the maximum logistic growth rate (LGR) amongst clusters of the dominant Pango lineage and the mean simple LGR across a broader set of clusters. In the case of the former, the time between the EWS and wave inflection points (a conservative measure of wave start dates) for the seven waves ranged between a 20-day lead time and a 7-day lag, with a mean lead time of 5.4 days. The maximum number of FP EWS generated prior to a true positive (TP) EWS was two and this only occurred for two of the seven waves in the period. The mean simple LGR amongst a broader set of clusters also performed well in terms of lead time but with slightly more FP EWS. As a result of the significant surveillance effort during the pandemic, early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Alpha, Delta, and Omicron provided some of the first examples where timely detection and characterisation of pathogen variants has been used to tailor public health response. The success of our method in generating early warning signals based on phylogenomic analysis for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK may make it a worthwhile addition to existing surveillance strategies. In addition, the method may be translatable to other countries and/or regions, and to other pathogens with large-scale and rapid genomic surveillance. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust (220885_Z_20_Z). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. KOD, OB, VBF and EMV acknowledge funding from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (reference MR/X020258/1), jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), under the MRC/FCDO Concordat agreement and is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. RMC acknowledges funding from the Wellcome Trust Collaborators Award (206298/Z/17/Z).

Studiosus ad scribendum: For the 75th Anniversary of Vladimir I. Mazhuga

The article deals with the biography and the academic merits of Vladimir I. Mazhuga (born 15 of April, 1949), a prominent modern Russian specialist in medieval studies and Leading Researcher of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences. A disciple of some great Russian scholars (in different times his masters were Matvey Gukovskiy (1898-1971), Alexandra Lublinskaya (1902-1980), Maria Sergeenko (1891-1987) and Elena Skrzhinskaya (1894-1981)), Vladimir Mazhuga was a tutor of some modern medievalists like Pavel Krylov, Andrey Kasatov, Alexandra Chirkova, Andrey Karnachev, Ekaterina Denisova, Piotr Shamaro, Gleb Schmidt and some others. The main spheres of Vladimir Mazhugas academic interests are Latin paleography, Diplomatics of medieval acts and Codicology of Latin manuscripts. He studied and connected with the cultural context of the Latin Medieval West some important medieval manuscript materials from the Saint Petersburg collections. Between them were the manuscript versions of the works written by Gregory of Tours, Paul Orosius, Hrabanus Maurus and some other medieval writers. His studies in these spheres were logically connected with some problems of linguistics studied by him (history of Ancient grammar and textbooks, biographies of Roman grammatists, historical phonetics etc.). In the same time, he dealt with some other spheres like history of medieval culture and history of Roman law (mainly of the medieval period). His main studies in medieval culture are about the symbology of Medieval City and the role of the Christian Church as a main custodian of Ancient Culture inheritance in the Middle Ages. As a historian of Roman law Vladimir Mazhuga worked over some important Saint Petersburg medieval Latin manuscripts of Roman law texts (like Justinian Institutions and Digesta) and he studied the theoretical works of famous medieval Italian jurists like John Bassianus (died before 1194) and Bartolus de Saxoferrato (1313-1357). In the same time V Mazhuga researched some problems of Latin legal terminology, which was made using the methodology of linguistics. Vladimir Mazhuga&amp;apos;s studies in history of Saint Petersburg School of medieval studies must be specially emphasized because he continues some best traditions of this School like scholar and tutor in the same time. He continues to work hard and fruitfully, so the citied conclusions about Mazhuga&amp;apos;s academic merits and inheritance have a previous character.

“Let Genius Still This Glorious Object Own”: Naming, Signing, Authoring, and Owning in the Manuscript Verse Miscellany

This essay covers what it meant to “own” a manuscript verse miscellany in the eighteenth century. Manuscript miscellanies offer palpable, if enigmatic, evidence that the often-obscure individuals who made such books understood themselves to be, simultaneously, readers, copyists, makers, editors, and authors. As a result, when they took ownership of their books by signing their names on elaborate title-pages, such gestures signified something more complex and variable than a claim to “authorship.” Rejecting a post-Romantic oppositional hierarchy of writer over reader and original author over copyist, I examine acts of selection, adaptation, and copying, indicated by naming and signing, in a representative selection of miscellanies from the database Manuscript Verse Miscellanies, 1700–1820. I also consider such patterns of selection in four miscellanies extending across seventy years: five-and-a-half-year-old Melesinda Munbee's “Collection of Several Poems” (1749); Eleanor Peart's “Collection of Poems by Several Hands” (1768); Elizabeth Frances Amherst's “The Whims of E. A. afterwards Mrs. Thomas” (1798); and Lady Charlotte Campbell Bury's untitled miscellany (ca. 1815–20). Finally, I discuss “A Selection of Modern Poems” by Azarias Williams (1785), in which highly decorative, and often dated signatures, rather than claiming authorship, establish Williams's literary taste and highly developed scribal skills, while also creating a meaningful structure for his life as a transatlantic emigré. In exhibiting the many ways in which a poem might be “owned,” manuscript verse miscellanies invite us to recalibrate the relative values of composition, copying, and adaptation in the practice of literary creativity in the eighteenth century.

Is Jean Senebier an Archaeologist?

Jean Senebier: A Critical Exploration of Geneva’s Antiquities – This manuscript presents an in-depth analysis of Jean Senebier’s seminal work on the antiquities of Geneva. Senebier, a notable figure in the late 18th century, initiated a year-long scholarly discourse with his Essay on Geneva, first introduced in the Geneva Journal in 1788 and continuing through mid-1791. This study examines multiple manuscript versions of Senebier’s essay, preserved in the Biblioth\`{e}que de Gen\`{e}ve, and includes a meticulously transcribed annex of the original program. Senebier’s exploration offers a multifaceted perspective on Geneva’s historical artifacts, encompassing an array of elements from architectural structures to medieval fortifications. His methodological approach, grounded in extensive research of books and manuscripts, involved rigorous comparative analysis and consultations with contemporary scholars. Senebier’s work, distinguished by his critical evaluation and incorporation of iconography, also involved direct on-site explorations. Although following Jean de la Corbi\`{e}re, recognized as Geneva’s first proto-archaeologist, Senebier’s distinctive critical methodology aligns him closely with both historians and proto-archaeologists of his time in Geneva. This manuscript underscores Senebier’s significant contribution to the historiography and archaeology of Geneva’s antiquities.

김삿갓 한시의 정본화와 동시(東詩)에 대하여

Kimsatgat was a poet who worked in the late Cho Seon dynasty. His original name is Kim Byoung Yeon(金炳淵1807-1863) and he was alternatively called Kim Lib(金笠) which was another nickname. He always wore a bamboo hat, which led him to be called with the alternative nickname. He was born as a descendant of An Dong(安東) Kim Si(金氏)who was a family in power those days. However, his family perished as his grandfather, Kim Yik Soon (金益淳, ? - 1812) surrendered to the rebel forces during Hong Gyoung Rae's revolt (in 1811). It is now time for a comprehensive review of Kimsatgat's research, including expanding sources, determining authenticity, and translating Hanxi into foreign languages. Based on these issues, this article focuses on the issue of expanding new sources for Kimsatgat. For this purpose, I believe that a new source is needed. In other words, it is necessary to more actively examine the manuscript poetry collections that remained at the time of Kimsatgat in the 19th century or near the time of his death to create a new ‘canonization of Kimsatgat's poetry’. With this in mind, this paper discusses some of the work that has been done and future tasks. I would like to refer to the works known as guache poetry in a more comprehensive sense as synchronized poetry. It is believed that this canon could be expanded in the future to include a significant number of new works by Kimsatgat. As an example of such a work, I will describe a new work by Kimsatgat about the Red Wall[赤壁]. There are currently eight poems about red walls by KimSatgat. Among them, we took a closer look at one of them, ｢將遊赤壁歎有客無酒｣. In order to create a complete anthology of Kimsatgat's poetry, I would like to point out that it is absolutely essential to expand the data of Dongsi[東詩l.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE ERA

The article presents written monuments of the Golden Horde era of the XIV century, studying the language of the palace safe "Gulistan bit-Turks" and "Khosrow and Shirin", dedicated to several lexical and semantic groups: religious words, kinship, positions and professions held, social and social vocabulary, trade, intellectual, human qualities, fruits, astronomical topics, mood, military names, entertainment, proper names, gems, etc. A statistical study of the collected thematic groups is carried out, their frequency is determined for the first time and the cause is investigated. The peculiarity of the use of synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, polysemous words in the texts is indicated. They were compared with the use of some words in the modern Kazakh language and local colloquial dialects. Passing through the sound, morphological changes of words in the Arabic and Persian languages, the manuscript and modern Kazakh versions are considered in the Middle Ages, when the Kipchak economic discourse was formed and developed with specific examples, which formed the basis for the widespread spread of linguoeconomic discourse with the consolidation of economic terms in the modern Kazakh language. The article defines the semantic field of old words, divided into lexical and semantic groups by methods of comparative historical, semantic analysis, component analysis.

Revision and academic impact: A case study of bioRxiv preprint papers

Scientific papers are the essential carrier for disseminating knowledge in the scientific communication system. It is believed that in addition to deepening the scientific attainments in one's research field, the writing and revision of the manuscripts are also very important. This paper tries to quantitatively describe the revision process and the relationship between revision and academic impact. We acquire the different manuscript versions of the published scientific papers from bioRxiv platform, analyze the characteristics of the time (away from publication) and location (sections) of paper revisions, and explore the correlation between revision and impact using multiple linear regression. We find that 75 % or more of revisions occur within one year before publication, and 40 % or more of revisions take place in the last 3 months, which illustrates to a certain extent the importance of expert review in revising (and improving) research papers. Further, we find that the revision degree of papers has a significant correlation with academic impact, and elaborate revision of introduction plays a major role in acquiring academic impact for a research paper. We believe our results can provide a basis for guiding authors to enhance the academic impact of papers through scientific writing, and provide clues for the development of journal publishers and preprint platforms from the perspective of paper quality control and influence improvement.

Neurobiomechanical mechanism of Tai Chi to improve upper limb coordination function in post-stroke patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundUpper limb dysfunction seriously affects the ability of stroke patients to perform activities of daily living. As a popular exercise therapy, Tai Chi may become an alternative intervention. However, the neurophysiological mechanism by which Tai Chi improves upper limb dysfunction in stroke patients is still unclear, which limits its further promotion and application. Therefore, conducting a strict randomized clinical trial is necessary to observe how Tai Chi affects upper limb dysfunction in stroke patients and to explore its neurophysiological mechanism.Methods/designThis report describes a randomized, parallel-controlled trial with distributive concealment and evaluator blinding. A total of 84 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the Tai Chi group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The participants in the Tai Chi group will receive 4 weeks of Tai Chi training: five 60-min sessions a week for a total of 20 sessions. The participants in the control group will not receive Tai Chi training. Both groups will receive medical treatment and routine rehabilitation training. The primary outcome measure is the mean change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) scale score between baseline and 4 weeks; the secondary outcomes are the mean changes in kinematic characteristics and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) scores. In addition, the corticomuscular coupling level and near-infrared brain functional imaging will be monitored to explore the mechanism by which Tai Chi improves upper limb function of stroke patients.DiscussionThis randomized controlled trial will examine the effectiveness of Tai Chi in stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction and explore the neurophysiological mechanism. Positive results will verify that Tai Chi can improve upper limb function of stroke patients.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registration Center, ChiCTR2200061376 (retrospectively registered). Registered June 22, 2022. http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx. Manuscript Version: 3.0 Manuscript Date: October 10, 2023.

"I'm a girl. But now I'm a boy too": Dildonics and Prosthetic Gender in Ernest Hemingway's The Garden of Eden

Abstract: This essay rereads Ernest Hemingway's The Garden of Eden as a dildonic text using Paul Preciado's theorization of dildonics and prosthetic gender. Catherine Bourne's (un)becoming(s) in the published and manuscript versions of the novel are a depiction of a body authoring itself, supplemented by numerous dildos or dildonic operations: fingers, hair, clothes, and visits to Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights . Rereading Hemingway in the aftermath of the nonidentitary grammar of Preciado's dildonics creates another field of play for the Hemingway industry and the Hemingway reader: Hemingway as theorist of prosthetic gender.

Structured peer review

Background and objectives: Reviewers rarely comment on the same aspects of a manuscript, making it difficult to properly assess manuscripts’ quality and the quality of the peer review process itself. With regards to reviewers’ recommendations, a 2010 meta-analysis found a very low inter-reviewer agreement of 0.34(1), and the Elsevier data covering 7,220,243 manuscripts from 2019 to 2021 across 2,416 journals, found 30% absolute reviewer recommendation agreement after the first review round.(2) This study aimed to evaluate a pilot program of structured peer review by: 1) exploring if and how reviewers answered structured peer review questions, 2) analysing their agreement, 3) comparing that agreement to agreement rate before implementation of structured peer review, and 4) further enhancing the piloted set of structured peer review questions.Design: In August 2022, we introduced structured peer review, consisting of nine questions, in 220 Elsevier journals.. For the pilot analysis we aimed for 10% of this sample. We applied a random selection of journals across all fields and IF quartiles, and then selected research manuscripts that received two reviewer reports in the first two months of the pilot, leaving us with 107 manuscripts belonging to 23 journals. We did not have access to further review rounds, or final editors’ recommendations for these manuscripts. Review reports were qualitatively analysed, with (partial) agreement defined as reviewers answering a question with the same answer (e.g., yes, no, NA, etc.) or a similar answer (i.e., one reviewer answering yes, the other - yes, but I would suggest improving...). Eight questions had open ended fields, while the ninth question (on language editing) had only a yes/no option. After the nine questions, reviewers could leave Comments-to-Author, and Comments-to-Editor. All answers (for questions 1 to 8 and Comments-to-Author) were independently coded by MM and BM with an inter-rater agreement of 94%, who then met on regular intervals to reach a consensus that was used for results reporting.Results: Almost all reviewers (n=196, 92%) provided answers to all questions, with 12 (6%) skipping one question, and 6 (3%) skipping two questions. Overall the length of reviewers' answers to the eight questions (9th question was a yes/no) was 164 words (IQR 73 to 357), with the longest answer (Md 27 words, IQR 11 to 68) provided for question 2 (reporting methods with sufficient details for replicability or reproducibility). Reviewers had the highest (partial) agreement (72%) for assessing the flow and structure of the manuscript, and lowest (53%) for assessing if the interpretation of results is supported by data, and for assessing if statistical analyses were appropriate and reported in sufficient detail (also 53%). Two thirds of reviewers (n=145, 68%) filled out the Comments-to-Author section, which resembled standard peer review reports compiled during the review process and then copied to the field. Those Comments-to-Author sections contained on average 4 out of 9 topics (SD 2) covered by the structured questions. Absolute agreement regarding final recommendations (exact match of recommendation choice) was 41%, which was higher than what those journals had in the period of 2019 to 2021 (31% agreement, P=0.0275).Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that the adoption of structured peer review leads to reviewers covering more topics than they usually do in their reports. Individual question analysis indicated the highest disagreement regarding interpretation of results and conducting and reporting of statistical analyses. While structured peer review did lead to improvement in reviewer final recommendation agreements, this was not a randomised trial, and further studies should be done to corroborate this. Further research is also needed to determine if structured peer review leads to greater knowledge transfer or improvement of the final version of manuscripts.

Vernacular Visions in North and South Korea: Interlingual Translations of Unyŏng chŏn (The Tale of Unyŏng) and Ideologies of National Literature

This article focuses on two translations of The Tale of Unyŏng (Unyŏng chŏn 雲英傳, early seventeenth century) into vernacular Korean in South Korea (1960) and North Korea (1966). Looking beyond the classical paradigm of interlingual and intralingual translation as “translation proper” and “rewording,” respectively, the article argues that translations of classical Korean fiction from Literary Sinitic into vernacular Korean represented a form of transitional intralingual translation as each nation navigated away from active membership in the Sinographic Cosmopolis and attempted to establish a new national literature and literary medium. Whereas the South Korean translation is tethered closely to the Literary Sinitic original in terms of lexicon, orthography, and representation of classical allusions and perpetuates three tiers of literacy, the North Korean translation hews much more closely to spoken vernacular and traditional kungmun manuscript versions of classical fiction and embodies the overriding North Korean policy of sinograph abolition and han'gŭl promotion.