Text Of Manuscript Research Articles

Going Unseen in the Medieval and Early Modern Jewish Magical Tradition

Abstract After a brief methodological introduction, the article reconstructs invisibility magic, its uses and rationale in medieval and early modern Jewish culture, based on a rich selection of manuscript texts, many of which remain unpublished. In contrast to other treatments of invisibility magic, it argues that in this specific cultural context the desire of going unseen was often motivated by contingent purposes such as protection on the road and self-defense. Some techniques of Jewish invisibility magic exhibit a marked Jewish character, some were inspired by the observation of nature, others were modulated on popular motifs shared cross-culturally. This study demonstrates that, regardless to their nature, most of these techniques were reworked according to a Jewish taste, proving that invisibility magic was not an extravagant import from foreign traditions, but an integral part of a magical culture shared by many Jews during the Middle Ages and early modern period.

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ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN MAKNA DALAM DRAMA SERIKAT KACAMATA HITAM KARYA SAINI KM

This research will analyze the structure of the play in the drama script of the Serikat Kacamata Hitam by Saini KM. The text of the manuscript will be analyzed using a non-interactive qualitative method (non interactive inquiry). Non-interactive research, also called analytical research, conducts studies based on document analysis. This study collects, identifies, analyzes and synthesizes data to then provide interpretations of concepts, policies, events that can be directly or indirectly observed. The source of data from non-interactive is documents. The play structure analysis used will describe the plot or story outline, characterization or characterization, dialogue or conversation, setting or foundation, theme or basic tone of the story, and the author's message or message in the text of Saini KM's Serikat Kacamata Hitam manuscript.

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Editorial Policy and Style Information

Reading the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (or Lex Dei) in the Middle Ages

A fragment of a previously unknown manuscript of the anonymous late antique text known as the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (Collation of the Laws of Moses and of the Romans) or as the Lex Dei (Law of God) was recently discovered in the Zadar State Archives in Croatia. This bifolium seems to come from a lost ninth-century manuscript of the work. It had been reused as the cover of a registry book by the notary Articutius in 1403. While recent examination of this new fragment in the context of the manuscript tradition of the work has suggested more information about the lost manuscript and the legal culture of medieval Dalmatian cities, examination of the manuscript tradition and handling of the Collatio by other medieval authors can provide some insight into the broader use of the Collatio in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages and even into the reception of Roman law in the early medieval West.

Editing the Manuscripts of Forgotten Sanskrit Texts

The article will point to the fact that there is vast scope for acquiring the manuscripts of forgotten Sanskrit texts and editingthem on the basis of all possible helpful sources. Instead of treading the conventional paths, young scholars should attempt to take up new subjects based on the study of the manuscripts of unknown or forgotten Sanskrit texts.

Dede Korkut’un Yeni Kolaj Tarzı Yazması Hocali Molla’nın mıdır?

A new manuscript has emerged that has been collected in the collage style of Qorqut Ata narratives. Who does this new collage manuscript belong to? This article will focus on the main problems such as the features of the new manuscript text and the text editing, and the views and determinations in the previous manuscripts and publications will be discussed and reviewed. In this article, besides the textual features of the new manuscript, the paper and ink features on which it was written, the type of paper and the possibility of where it might have been produced will be discussed. In addition, the identity of the person who classified the collage and text of this manuscript will be tried to be clarified in the article. It will be tried to find an answer to all these questions that we have briefly mentioned here, and to clarify the identity of the person who collected the new “Qorqut Ata/Dädä Qorqut” text in the collage style.

The z text of Laxdæla saga – a philological experiment

The manuscripts of Laxdæla saga were divided by Kristian Kålund into an x class and a y class. The y class manuscripts include Möðruvallabók, the only medieval manuscript to preserve the complete saga and the basis of all editions so far. The z text has never been edited as a whole and the present article is an investigation into how such an edition might be brought into being. Only some 43% of the saga text is preserved in vellum fragments of the z class but there are paper manuscripts which preserve the z text as a whole. The early editors of the saga regarded the text of these paper manuscripts as too poor in quality to serve as the basis of an edition. This contention is empirically tested here by studying the part of the saga preserved in the oldest vellum fragment, the 13th century D2. The text of that fragment is compared with the corresponding text in five manuscripts which preserve the saga as a whole. Word-level Levenshtein distance is used as the comparison metric and the results are published in table 1 while a stemma of the five manuscripts appears in figure 1. The main result is that the 17th century paper manuscript AM 158 fol. is, by a large margin, the manuscript which has the most similar text to the oldest fragment. It would be a suitable basis for an edition of the z text.

A new manuscript of Gerbert of Aurillac’s Epistola ad Constantinum : ms. Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque d’Agglomération, 312

The author describes a recently discovered copy of a letter by the tenth-century scholar Gerbert of Aurillac, who became Pope Sylvester II at the end of his life. Located among a collection of theological and exegetical texts in ms. Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque d’Agglomération, 312, the letter describes an instrument devised by Gerbert to observe the heavens. For most of its life, the manuscript was part of the library in the Benedictine monastic house of Saint-Bertin. The article compares the text of the Saint-Omer manuscript with those preserved in other previously known copies of the letter, both to determine the filiation of the text and to better understand its circulation and use.

Old Testament Names in the Text of the Ladder of John Climacus

The paper explores twenty-one Old Testament names found in the text of the translated monument of early Slavic writing, the Ladder of John Climacus. These personal names are a special kind of biblical quotations referring to the events of the Holy History. The study builds on a comparative analysis of the Greek text of the Ladder according to the publication in Patrologia Graeca (Vol. 88) and the text of the oldest Russian manuscript of the 12th century. The author looks to identify various strategies of delivering biblical citations used by the author, translator and scribe of the book, which is explained by the absence of the canonical text of the Holy Scriptures and the long history of existence of the Ladder in Byzantine and Slavic book literature. The article follows research on the collective church memory of medieval scribes which manifests itself in the commonality of topics, images, plots, ideas, and expressions that go back to the text of the Bible. The novelty of the work lies in incorporating new linguistic material extracted both from the text published in Patrologia Graeca and from the texts of unpublished Byzantine and Slavic codes. Personal names found in the Greek text of the Ladder (Jacob, Moses, David, Job, Lot, Adam) allude to key symbolic images and reveal several functions of the Old Testament anthroponyms in the Ladder texts: referential, symbolic, emphatic and indexical. Observations on the text of the translation evidenced to the high skill and erudition of the author of the first Slavic translation but at the same time revealed a translation error (new Adam), which was obviously caused by illegible or incorrect reading in the Greek version used as a source text for the translation. Contrastingly, the Russian manuscript under study showcases spelling inconsistencies in relation to Old Testament names as well as multiple errors and omissions of the names of characters. These are the result of multiple copies of the book made by inattentive and inexperienced scribes, one of whom was the scribe of the oldest surviving manuscript of the Ladder, created two centuries after the first translation appeared.

ПРО ЩО НЕ ПРИЙНЯТО ГОВОРИТИ, АЛЕ ПРО ЩО ПИСАЛИ ІВАН ФРАНКО І ҐАБРІЕЛЯ ЗАПОЛЬСЬКА(скандальні повісті «Dla ogniska domowego» і «O czym się nie mówi»)

For the first time, a comparative analysis of the novels «Dla og- niska domowego» (in Polish, 1892) by Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko and «O czym się nie mówi» (1909) by Polish writer Gabriela Zapolska was carried out. These works are quite close not only in terms of themes and problems, but also in terms of ideological and artistic approach, interpretation, plot development, plot moves, characters and individual details. In both novels, the action takes place in the heterogeneous ethnic environment of Lviv – mostly Polish, partly Jewish, Austrian and Ukrainian. The «Lviv text» in both works is in many ways similar and at the same time different. The comparative analysis in the article includes other works by Franko (in Ukrainian): the early unfinished poem «Сяся» (the first two chapters and the beginning of the third were written in 1882), the prose dramatic miniature «Чи вдуріла? Сцена» (1904), the story «Між добрими людьми» (1890). Franko in the story «Між добрими людьми», and Zapolska in the story «O czym się nie mówi», revealing the inner world of prostitutes, emphasize their fatalistic perception of their own fate. In the center of Franko’s story «Dla ogniska domowego» is the sociology and anthropology of women’s welfare of the «home» through the organization of illegal prostitution, and at the same time – the dual (ostensible and hidden) attitude of men to the sexual trade. At the center of Zapolska’s story is the sociology and anthropology of prostitution itself: the drama and tragedy of the social position of a legalized prostitute and her mental torment, as well as the dual attitude of men towards prostitutes (using their services and disdain for them), similar to Franko’s story. Franko developed the work as a socio-psychological story and at the same time as a crime story. The genre of social and psychological novel clearly dominates in Zapolska’s work, and only at the end do elements of a criminal novel appear. The driving spring of the plot development in both stories is the leitmotif of faith (trust) and deception. In both works, the woman hides her actions from her husband, deceives him, and he, at first naively trusting, and then filled with suspicions and doubts, tries to find out the truth about her. It is the man in both stories who is the leading character, while the woman or girl is the cause of problems. The coincidences in both works are striking: the scheme of characters, es- pecially the main couple (husband – wife, boyfriend – girlfriend), one leading and other secondary subjects of (de)disguise, the only main character-object, at whom the masks of other characters are directed, conversations-confrontations between a man and a woman, the growing sense of horror in both of them (in the man – before the unexpected discovery of the shocking truth about the woman, and the woman – before exposing her and bringing her to criminal responsibiliity), the stunning disclosure of the secret, the mental torment experienced by the main pair of characters, and, finally, the partial rehabilitation of the lost woman against the background of moral condemnation of «respectable» men and the author’s accusations of hypocritical society of male chauvinism. These coincidences may be caused by Zapolska’s acquaintance with Franko’s story based on the Ukrainian auto-translation published in Lviv in 1897, or on the manuscript of the Polish text, or on the German translation of the Polish text published in 1898 in the supplement to the Berlin Social Democratic newspaper «Vorwärts» (Unterhaltungsblatt der «Vorwärts») under the title «Am häuslichen Herd. Roman von Iwan Franko». Or they can be caused by the typology of independent from each other writer’s thinking, subject to moral, ethical and aesthetic trends of the time. The authors created the stories at about the same time (with a difference of only 16 years) and probably depended in their ideological and artistic searches on similar social circumstances and events in Lviv related to prostitution, and on the poetry of the same literary sources (for example, the drama by H. Ibsen «A Doll’s House» or «Nora»).

Nýr vefur fornmálsorðabókarinnar ONP

This article describes the current website of A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP) and briefly accounts for the project's history, methodology and development. The dictionary, which was established in 1939, was partially published in print before going online in 2010. The latest version of the website provides improved search capabilities as well as links to other digital resources, such as electronic text editions, dictionaries and manuscript images. This lexicographic resource demonstrates well how data from a historical dictionary project can be enhanced and used in innovative ways.

Offline Arabic handwritten character recognition: from conventional machine learning system to deep learning approaches

Researchers have made great strides in the area of Arabic handwritten character recognition in the last decades especially with the fast development of deep learning algorithms. The characteristics of Arabic manuscript text pose several problems for a recognition system. This paper presents a conventional machine learning system based on the extraction of a set of preselected features and an SVM classifier. In the second part, a simplified convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed, which is compared to six other CNN models based on the pre-trained architectures. The suggested methods were tested using three databases: two versions of the OIHACDB dataset and the AIA9K dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN model obtained promising results, as it is able to recognise 94.7%, 98.3%, and 95.6% of the test set of the three databases OIHACDB-28, OIHACDB-40, and AIA9K, respectively.

Functional significance of the Slavic translations of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the 16th–17th centuries

The article is devoted to the problem of clarifying the practical purposes of using the manuscripts of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the 16th–17th centuries, their applied significance. This period is characterized by the appearance of a huge number of Slavic manuscripts containing the text of the Liturgy of the Apostle Jacob. At the same time, we are talking not only about the number of manuscripts, but also about the presence of several translation options for the texts contained in these manuscripts. Based on an analysis of the historical situation in the context of interfaith polemics, an attempt was made to identify the place and role of the texts (or translations) of the Liturgy of the Apostle James and their functional purpose in the processes of confessionalization of the 16th–17th centuries. As a result of an analysis of the composition of manuscript texts containing translations of the 16th century, arguments were formulated in favor of the mainly polemical use of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the active liturgy in the 16th–17th centuries anti-Latin, sometimes anti-Protestant polemic. The identified indirect evidence makes it possible to argue that the ministry of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the second half of the 17th century was unknown in Russia. Undeniable arguments in favor of the fact that the full Slavic translations of the Liturgy of the Apostle James were used during the specified period for liturgical purposes have not yet been found.

Naming and Renaming Texts: Rubrics in Middle High German Miscellany Manuscripts

This article analyses rubrics in Middle High German miscellany manuscripts of short texts in rhyming couplets (Reimpaargedichte). A corpus consisting of 1433 rubrics from 68 manuscripts was created to be able to perform this study. As rubrics in medieval manuscripts were not authorial, but composed by scribes, they offer insights into the reception of the texts. This paper analyses their features and functions as a proxy to interrogate the standing and status of Reimpaargedichte between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The main methodology is distant reading, i.e. the application and interpretation of statistical methods on a textual corpus. The features analyzed include the length of the rubrics, their level of variation, the presence of author names, and vocabulary. Although no general patterns regarding length nor level of variation were detected, some important conclusions can be drawn: 1. there were no clear markers of literary genre in rubrics; 2. authorship was mostly absent, except for some specific cases of famous authors; 3. relatively stable keywords were used to identify particular texts, but they were more common in manuscripts with narrative texts (Erzählungen) and less common in later manuscripts dominated by the genre known as Minnereden. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that rubrics used a series of linguistic procedures to show that they participated in a different speech act than the main text – they embodied an interaction between scribes and readers, in which the former framed the reception of the work.

Faidh al-Ihsānī Naskah Manaqib Syaikh Abduṣ Ṣamad al-Palimbānī

The main problems of this research are 1) What is the general description of Faidh al-Ihsani's manuscript through a philological approach? 2) How is the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani related to the existence of the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript and how is the analysis of the contents of the text? This research uses philological research methods with stages. The data used are qualitative data obtained from primary and secondary sources. This type of research is a library research study by presenting a facsimile edition of the FI manuscript text, transliterating the original Arabic-Malay text into Latin and at the same time analyzing it. From the research findings, it is known that the FI manuscript is a single manuscript (codex unicus), which contains several mistakes and omissions in writing the manuscript, and there are writings that are forgotten to be written. The contribution of the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript is very important for the preparation of writing the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani, including: First, before the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript was discovered, the history of the biography of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani that has developed so far is still confusing and there are several mistake. Second, thanks to the presence of the FI manuscript, by itself it can neutralize and straighten the history of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani's life journey from local sources. Third, Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Jawi al-Palimbani is a great charismatic cleric from Palembang, a well-known Sufi and writer who has a wide range of scholarship in the international network of scholars. Fourth, in the Faidh al-Ihsani manuscript it is stated that Shaykh Abdus Samad bin Abdurrahman was born in Palembang in 1150 H or at the same time 1737 AD. Fifth, Regarding the work, works and teachings of Shaykh Abdus Samad al-Palimbani until now, we can still find them, His written works such as Hidayat as-Salikin, Sair as-Salikin, and others are still being read and studied. Likewise with his teachings, reading manaqib, tarekat remembrance, especially Ratib Samman, are still carried out and practiced by the Islamic community in general.

Two manuscript messages: 1. Difference between Plural and Collective Noun and the Noun for Ibn Al-Nathem 2. The adverb coupled with Maybe for Amir Badshah: Investigation Study: رسالَتا: 1. الفرق بين الجمع واسم الجمع واسم الجنس "لابن النّاظم 2. الحال المقرونة بـ " قد" لأمير باد شاه: دراسة وتحقيق

This study aims to investigate two manuscript texts on some syntactical and morphological issues, which are “The difference between the plural, collective noun and the gendered noun” by Ibn al-Nazim, and the second the adverb which is connected with"Qad’ by Amir Badshah. Those twoscholars left many precious scientific works. The researcher found these issues deserve to be published since they consider as one of the main issues that had been discussed by the scholars with their students during lessons. These issues did not reach the size of huge classifications, but it is one or two issues where the classified book express its opinion in concise and focus, which is considered of fruitful and great benefits in language research and the intellectual activity in general, and they were not attainable and accessible, particularly in obtaining second copies of those letters. Accordingly, in order not to remain a buried treasure waiting for someone to discover or get it out to the light, the researcher has obtained one letter with two different versions from two different places; and the other one is a unique copy where the researcher followed the scientific methodology in its publication and verification.

Yellow Emperor as Paratext


 
 
 The mythological Yellow Emperor has long been familiar to students of early Chinese literature as the patron or alleged author of texts and thus as the origin of important knowledge. This article explores how the Yellow Emperor could be used to organize information in the compilation of heterogeneous texts. I argue that the manuscript text Shiliu jing from the early Han tomb three at Mawangdui derives chronological order from the narrative framing as dialogues between the Yellow Emperor and his interlocuters. The chronological order becomes visible in part through the different titles used for the Yellow Emperor. The recognition of the paratextual function of the Yellow Emperor narrative not only orders the heterogeneous material compiled in the text but also provides additional interpretive cues.
 
 

Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review.

Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing "indirectly" to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41-0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94-0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88-1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02-1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91-1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.

Arabic Learning Orientation in Ma'had and Islamic Boarding Schools, and its Relevance to the Need for Human Resources with Language Skills in the Globalization Era

The problem and the aim of the study: The demand for human resources with language skills in the globalization era is very high. This is because many companies require active and passive language skills as the main criteria for workforce recruitment. In Indonesia, Arabic teaching institutions are categorized into two forms, namely those that teach with communication skills orientation (ma'had) and those with an orientation to understand the concept as an Islamic knowledge source (Islamic boarding schools). This difference causes varied output skills of each institution. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze which output is more relevant to the skills needed in this globalization era. Methods: This study was designed with a quantitative approach. The data source was ma'had and Islamic boarding school graduates who continued their studies at the Islamic Faculty of West Sumatra, Muhammadiyah University with a total of 43 students. Furthermore, data were obtained through tests that included four language skills, and then analyzed using ME as well as T test. Results: It was found that ma'had and Islamic boarding school graduates have advantage in language skill. This is based on data which showed that they have advantage in speaking, but weak in reading and writing. Meanwhile, the Islamic boarding school graduates have advantage in reading and writing, but the listening skills of graduates from both institutions are balanced. Conclusion: Language skills in listening and communication aspects are essential as interpreters, tour guides, consultants and other opportunities. Meanwhile, human resources with writing skills are needed in the field of manuscript translation and text analysis. Therefore, both graduates have the same opportunity in the globalization era but with different contents.