Manuscript Studies Research Articles

Status Kewarisan Kafir Khafy Perspektif Hukum Islam

This research aims to find out how the inheritance of someone whose unknown disbelief or deliberate is concealed. This research uses a type of qualitative (non-statistical) descriptive research, which focuses on the study of manuscripts and texts, using normative approach methods. The findings of the research are as follows: The term unbeliever khafy is not a term in the law of inheritance, but it is a phenomenon that often occurs when there are members of families of different religions. A murderer who hides his iniquity will be condemned to disbelief. When the unbeliever is an heir, he is punished as his family is known. When the news of disbelief comes to them and it is revealed that the heir had changed faith or disbelieved, the scholars differ in the matter. But what is agreed by the majority of scholars (Imam Mālik, Imam Syāfi’i, and Imam Aḥmad) is the view that the murderer cannot inherit his property to the heir and does not have the right to receive the inheritance as the original disbeliever. The riches of the unbelievers shall be the property of the faithful, whether it be in Islam or when it is in disobedience. When the unbeliever is an inheritor, it is necessary to see when he fails. If he dies before or after the heir, he shall be condemned to disbelief, and his inheritance shall be returned to the rightful heir. Those who disbelieve will be punished by their wages and will be given an inheritance.

The music theory booklet Balliol 173A, fols. 74r–81v: scribal organisation of an early medieval theory miscellany

AbstractUsing evidence of the quality of vellum, fascicle structure, scribal hands and illustrations, this article argues that the first fascicle of the music portion of Oxford, Balliol College, 173A (fols. 74–81) is a self-standing booklet, perhaps created to teach a scribe the basics of music theory and how to arrange text while leaving space for illustrations or examples. A new fascicle structure of the gathering is proposed that accounts for a previously unrecognised missing folio. An analysis of the contents of the gathering demonstrates that the theory booklet is a compilatio, with portions of the Musica disciplina (or it sources) acting as a frame to start and end the booklet, with other works (Pseudo-Jerome, Isidore of Seville and Cassiodorus) inserted in between. The final folios are completed with a number of small tractatuli, including the brief dialogue Diapason quid est? The contents of both the booklet and the entire music codex are closely paralleled in one of the smaller manuscripts collected into Oxford, St John's College 188 and also Cambridge, Trinity College R.15.22. While it will be ever easier to study digital images of manuscripts and to create critical editions of well-defined texts, this article argues for the continuing importance of codicological study of manuscripts in situ to coordinate the placements of texts within the structure of codices.

A Sinusoidal Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Machine Drive Fed by Third-Harmonic Injection Two-Stage Matrix Converter With Integrated Injection Inductor

This manuscript studies a sinusoidal doubly salient electromagnetic machine (SDSEM) drive fed by third-harmonic injection two-stage matrix converter (3TSMC) with integrated injection inductor to improve the power density of the whole system. First, compared with the conventional matrix converter (MC), the 3TSMC suffers from larger volume due to the inductor in the harmonic current injection circuit. In the proposed system, the harmonic injection current is synthesized by the field current of SDSEM and the injection inductor is removed. Then, the control strategy is proposed to decouple the current injection control and field current control, which means that the harmonic current and the field current can be regulated flexibly. Finally, a prototype is built to evaluate the proposed system and control strategy. Furthermore, the proposed 3TSMC-fed drive with the corresponding control strategy is also suitable for the other DC-excited three-phase sinusoidal AC machines, such as wound rotor synchronous machines.

Mapping Quranic Exegesis in West Java: Influential Figures and Linguistic Insights

This article delves into an exploration of Tafsir Al-Quran works by influential scholars from the West of Java. Unlike traditional geographic delineations, this study does not restrict its focus to the administrative boundaries of West Java as a province but extends to broader regions in the western part of the island. The investigation employs a qualitative research methodology, primarily engaging in library research which involves the comprehensive collection and analysis of data from authoritative books on the subject. Moreover, the study is enriched by a manuscript study approach, where ancient and contemporary Tafsir texts authored by scholars from this region are examined in detail. Through this meticulous research, the study has uncovered numerous Tafsir works, each bearing the unique interpretative style of its author. The findings highlight the intellectual and theological contributions of these scholars, emphasizing the diversity and richness of Islamic scholarship in western Java. One of the distinctive features of these Tafsir works is their linguistic variety. The texts are found in Arabic, which is widely used in Islamic scholarly writings, as well as in Sundanese and Indonesian, which reflects the local linguistic and cultural integration into Islamic scholarship.The study not only sheds light on the specific Tafsir works and the scholars behind them but also paints a broader picture of the religious and cultural landscape in western Java. This approach provides valuable insights into how regional characteristics influence religious interpretation and contribute to the broader discourse in Islamic studies. The research is pivotal for scholars interested in regional Islamic studies, comparative religion, and the interplay between language, culture, and religious scholarship.

Literary review on strides of Ayurveda manuscript research and contemporary advances in manuscript studies in Ayurveda colleges of Kerala

Manuscriptology, a branch of literary research is designated as a primordial one as it is concerned with the preservation of the past for the future. This involves a systematic study of collection, classification, preservation, transcription, translation, lower and higher criticism of manuscripts. Manuscripts are the documented version of orally transmitted treasures of various types of knowledge including Ayurveda. Until and unless Ayurveda scholars embark in the field of manuscriptology, especially in critical editions and publication of Ayurveda manuscripts, the enrichment of our science both in knowledge and pragmatic domain will remain an incomplete one. The online data revealed that only 2% of Ayurveda manuscripts are in the published sector. So it is the need of the hour to conduct manuscriptology works on Ayurveda manuscripts exemplifying India’s cultural and knowledge heritage. This article will review the strides of manuscriptology along with a glimpse into the study of manuscripts done by Ayurveda colleges in Kerala. Eventually, all these works reveal the fact that further research on Ayurveda manuscripts is inevitable in contemporary knowledge-gathering settings.

Major mistakes in scientific medical writing based on manuscripts' reviews.

Peer review is a crucial process in ensuring the quality and accuracy of scientific research. It allows experts in the field to assess manuscripts submitted for publication and provide feedback to authors to improve their work. To describe mistakes encountered while peer reviewing scientific manuscripts submitted to "La Tunisie Médicale" journal. This was a bibliometric study of research manuscripts submitted to "La Tunisie Médicale" and reviewed during 2022. The data collected included the type of the manuscripts and the number of reviews conducted per manuscript. The study also identified variables related to writing mistakes encountered during the peer review process. A total of 155 manuscripts (68% original articles) were peer reviewed and 245 reviews were delivered, by two reviewers. Out of 62 mistakes detected, 21% concerned the results section. In 60% of the manuscripts, the keywords used were not MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. The introduction lacked in-text citations in 30% of the reviewed manuscripts, while the method section did not have a clear study framework (27%). The two major mistakes detected in the results section were the misuse of abbreviations in tables/figures, and the non-respect of the scientific nomenclature of tables/figures with respectively 39% and 19% of manuscripts. This study identified 62 mistakes while reviewing scientific manuscripts submitted to "La Tunisie Médicale" journal. Scholars can benefit from participation in scientific writing seminars and the use of a safety checklist for scientific medical writing to avoid basic mistakes.

Out of Sight, Out of Catalogue: The Neglected Grey Collection Medical MS G.4.c.14, Its Problematic Provenance, and Its Colonial Context

Cape Town National Library of South Africa’s Grey Collection MS G.4.c.14 is a fifteenth-century paper manuscript that contains three medical works and a series of recipes. This article briefly explores MS G.4.c.14’s contents before examining the story of the manuscript itself. Containing commentaries on Book IV, fen 4 of Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine by well-known instructor of surgery Leonardo di Bertipaglia (d. 1448), and by the more obscure Maffeus di Laudi (fl. 1392–1417), and a summary of Benevenutus de Grassus’s De oculis (ca. 11–13th c.), MS G.4.c.14 has the potential to add greatly to our understanding of medieval medicine. However, medieval manuscripts also have histories outside the texts they contain. An exploration of the provenance and history of MS G.4.c.14 brought to light how it moved from Rome to Cape Town, through the antics of an infamous book thief, Guglielmo Libri (1802–69), and its purchase by Sir George Grey, colonial governor of the Cape Colony in South Africa between 1854 and 1861. Although neither British in origin nor explicitly Christian in content, like many other European manuscripts, MS G.4.c.14 played an important role in informal processes of colonialism and cultural imperialism. We examine why MS G.4.c.14 had been ignored in research and catalogues of medieval medical and ophthalmological works for decades, despite being digitized and available at the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library in 1990 and being included in a modern catalogue of the Grey Collection since 2002. We suggest that looking outside Europe to find manuscripts like MS G.4.c.14 requires scholars to confront the colonialist history in the disciplines of medieval and manuscript studies. This has become even more important as technologies of digitization have made it possible to examine a manuscript without any recognition of its history or provenance.

Repurposing the book as a message: Italian lyric manuscripts in prison

AbstractMany manuscripts copied in various prisons have been identified. In the late Middle Ages, prisoners were allowed not only to compose new texts, but also to be employed as scribes. The present article focuses on three manuscripts produced in prison in the fifteenth century which pair Dante and Petrarch's lyric poems with the poetry of others and of the scribes themselves. These manuscripts combine lyric collections with personal works – lyric poems, letters, drawings – penned by those who made them, resulting in individual literary organisms. By exploring three case studies of Italian lyric manuscripts produced by incarcerated scribes, the article defines a ‘genre of book’ which combined personal interventions with lyric poetry of major authors, in a complex editorial process that made of the codex a new text in itself. They illuminate the ways in which the practice of assembling lyric poetry by major authors (chiefly Dante and Petrarch) combined with personal touches, was used by readers and compilers to craft a variety of identities; but most importantly, the ways in which the codex may become a performative event, as well as a site of memory and, when sent outside of prison, a message taking the form of the book.

Ο Ιάκωβος Αργείος (ca 1660-1736) στην Πατριαρχική Σχολή

Iakovos Argeios (ca 1660-1736) at the Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople. New evidence and answers for an old riddle
 Research into the history of the Patriarchal Academy at the beginning of the 18th century has been primarily based on the works of Manuel Gedeon and Tasos Gritsopoulos. These two historians have recorded and reconstructed all the testimonies and information they had gathered about the operation of the Academy. However, the sources at their disposal were extremely scarce for this period in terms of teachers, such as Iakovos Argeios (1660-1736), on whom the present study focuses, and their teaching activities at the School. The aim of this article is to present the new data which emerged from the identification and study of unknown manuscripts as well as from the study of the scholar’s personal correspondence. These facts militate against Tasos Gritsopoulos’ dominant view that Iakovos was exclusively a home teacher of the Mavrokordatos’family and that his teaching career at the Patriarchal Academy was limited in time (i.e. confined in the years 1707-1715).In this study I examine and reconstruct all the existing testimonies and evidence that I found on the life and work of Iakovos Argeios, “the supreme of the Great Church philosophers”. Through these new data it becomes possible to study and trace the career of Iakovos Argeios at the Patriarchal Academy from the mid-1680s until his death (1736). Iakovos was initially a student in the philosophy course of the Academy (1684), when Antonios Spantones was a professor of philosophy. He completed his studies around 1686/87 and he attracted the interest of his teachers and of the Grand Dragoman Alexandros Mavrokordatos. He subsequently served as tutor to the Mavrokordatos’ family (since the beginning of the 1690s) for at least 20-25 years, while almost at the same time he was appointed professor of rhetoric at the Academy. As a prominent professor he delivered two encomiastic addresses to the Ecumenical Patriarchs Kallinikos II (1698) and Gabriel II (1703).Then, probably in 1702, he was appointed Academy’s headmaster and professor of philosophy. He taught rhetoric theory and practise and Aristotelian philosophy from the textbooks of Theophilos Korydalleus, as evidenced by the manuscripts of his students presented in this article, mainly Antonios Byzantios, Nikolaos Kritias and Azarias Tzigalas: Physics, Logic, On the Soul, On generation and corruption. He also received from the Patriarchate the highly-esteemed office of the “supreme of thephilosophers” (around 1707-1709), through Mavrokordatos’ intervention, as a recognition of his philosophical expertise. He retained this title and remained head of the Academy until the end of his life. From his letters we know that Iakovos was present in Methodios Anthrakites’ conviction (1723). He supported in deeds and words the efforts of Silvestros, the Patriarch of Antioch, to establish a Greek and Christian seminary in Aleppo (1724-1726). Unfortunately, the last years of his life were painful due to health problems and the ingratitude of his old friends. Iakovos found solace only in teaching at the Academy and in correspondence with his dear friends and old students, such as Makarios Kalogeras, who had founded a school on the island of Patmos. For the teachers and students of the School of Patmos, Iakovos was their mentor and spiritual guide. In conclusion, Iakovos Argeios had an important influence on the course of the Patriarchal Academy with his long lasting and constant teaching activity. In his time the Patriarchal Academy became a true “Faculty of Philosophy”.

Syrians in Post-Roman Britain: an Interdisciplinary Survey

The author reviews literature from various fields of archaeology, history, and linguistics, trying to gather scattered information about contacts between Post-Roman Britain and late Roman Syria. Archaeology shows that a significant part of all imports to Britain in the 5th-7th centuries came from Byzantium and arrived on the Island in Syrian/ Cilician amphorae (both regions were closely intertwined economically, culturally and religiously). Based on these findings and numerous written sources, historians conclude that Syrian merchants played a leading role in trade between Byzantium and Britain. Isotopic studies of the Post-Roman burials in Wales confirm the presence of migrants from the eastern Mediterranean on the island. Linguistic studies of British manuscripts testify to their live contacts with the Byzantines — and specifically the Syrians. This consistent evidence of the long-term presence of Syrians in post-Roman Britain makes it possible to speak with confidence about cultural contacts between Christians of Britain and the Antiochian Church.

“The Tennis Ball of Fortune”: Print, Manuscript, and Provincial Literacies in The Chronicles of John Cannon

This paper will focus on the Chronicles of John Cannon, a ploughboy turned exciseman and writing master living in the Somerset levels who described himself as a “Tennis Ball of Fortune.” Cannon's story of self-education and writerly self-fashioning took striking material form in an illustrated manuscript book he produced in the first decades of the eighteenth century. As a work and an object, the Chronicles stages a series of conversations between print and manuscript. In exploring this unique case study, we expose how the mixed medium of the manuscript book could present different and mutually supportive forms of authority. In this case, print is referred to through citation, graphic imitation, and paratextual format, whilst at the same time, the virtuoso scribal acts of transcribing and refining within the volume operate as an alternative index of textual fidelity and credibility. Our case study also pushes us to reconsider some of the clustered assumptions around the nature of the manuscript book in this period: this is the work of a male, non-elite writer, an amateur production. It is not a family or coterie production, and rather than offering a miscellany of genres and hands, it subsumes its varied contents into the narrative of a single life. How do we understand this unique blended form in the context of existing narratives about the nature of the manuscript book? And how might we edit such materials to retain a sense of their hybridity? Cannon's Chronicles also helps us connect the study of the manuscript book to a concern with the social dimensions of manuscript forms in a community of mixed literacies. Cannon's copying and writing became an important performance of professional competence in a culture of amateur literary production. As a case study, his work challenges expectations of gender and class in eighteenth-century manuscript studies and reveals how the affordances of the pen might reflect the burgeoning print culture of the period.

Philology and lexicology: lexico-semantic study of an 18th century manuscript

As línguas, inevitavelmente, refletem as influências dos elementos sócio-históricos, geográficos e culturais que estão relacionados à história dos seus falantes. O léxico, portanto, é o lugar onde são percebidas essas influências e marcadas as definições identitárias, como é o caso do Brasil e principalmente do português brasileiro (doravante PB), nascido do contato entre europeus, indígenas e africanos. Nesse sentido, podemos notar, ainda hoje, os empréstimos lexicais advindos das línguas indígenas e africanas, além da língua dos imigrantes, e que enriqueceram a língua portuguesa em solo brasileiro. Assim, neste artigo, com base nos princípios da Lexicologia e no corpus retirado da edição semidiplomática do documento Plano Sobre a Civilização dos Índios do Brasil, investigou-se a contribuição indígena no repertório lexical utilizado pelo autor do documento, o militar Domingos Muniz Barreto, de forma a analisar a influência indígena no português brasileiro do século XVIII, a instauração de uma ortografia para palavras indígenas e o vocabulário indígena utilizado nos capítulos “Índios Mansos e Índios Bravos”, do mesmo documento. A metodologia baseou-se em Queiroz (2012). Concluiu-se que o repertório lexical de Domingos e o uso do vocabulárioindígena revelam as pistas para uma gramaticização das línguas indígenas, através da grafia em língua portuguesa, e que isso favoreceu a incorporação das mesmas no próprio PB.

Byzantine music in the educational and scientific space of modern Ukraine

Relevance of the research. The persistent revival of early music in the twentieth century led to a number of large and small discoveries that significantly enriched the history of European music. Byzantine music became one of the new continents that appeared on the map of European musicology in the twentieth century. The process of comprehending the millennial history of Byzantine music as an important component of European musical culture, as a musical expression of Christian culture, as a tradition that had a powerful influence on the whole of Europe is far from been completed. The revival of the Ukrainian monodic church repertoire, that we observe today, is accompanied by an active search for historical information and appropriate vocal manners and style that lead to the Greek-Byzantine tradition. Comparative studies of Byzantine and East Slavic musical manuscripts have enormous heuristic potential and open up the opportunity to represent the thousand-year history of Ukrainian music, and not be limited to its modern period.
 The purpose of our work is to analyze the controversial concepts and approaches to understanding the Byzantine church chant tradition (“Byzantium after Byzantium”, in the words of Nicolae Iorga, traditionalism versus historicism); to show the prospects of Byzantine-Slavic musicological research and the need for its actualization in Ukraine; to present the educational course “Byzantine Music: Theory and Practice”. Methodological framework. The study is based on historicaltypological and comparative research methods.
 Results and scientific novelty of the work. The experience of comprehending the Byzantine church chant tradition as an important component of European musical culture was analyzed, discussion concepts and approaches in the development of musical Byzantinology of the twentieth century were highlighted. The prospects and relevance of Byzantine-Slavic music research were shown. The necessity of studying Byzantine music in musical institutions in modern Ukraine was substantiated, the current status of development of Ukrainian musical Byzantine studies was analyzed. An educational program on Byzantine music was presented, and the range of related scientific and methodological discussion topics was outlined.

Kodikologija Lietuvoje 1918–1990 metais: tarp knygos istorijos ir paleografijos

The article discusses the development of the discipline of codicology in Lithuania in the period 1918-1990 thus continuing the research carried out from the early 19th century until 1918. The concept of codicology and its affiliation with the discipline of book studies allow us to identify the chronology of the research with the development of book studies, which entered the stage of independent science in the period under discussion. This was also the time when the discipline of codicology in Western Europe underwent a quantum leap - with the birth of the term codicology and the emphasis on its distinction from palaeography. The concept expanded to include the study of manuscripts in various aspects - from their physical structure to the reception of written culture. Did this influence the development of the discipline in Lithuania? Did it succeed in renewing the codicological research that had begun at the beginning of the 19th century? How did the science of codicology develop in the turbulent 20th century? Why did codicology failed to become the subject of a separate research and is hardly mentioned in Lithuanian science? The answer to these questions is sought through the bibliographies of Lithuanian book studies and history, publications of sources of the period, and the history of Lithuanian scientific institutions. The research enables us to talk about two distinct periods. Between 1918 and 1939, the subjects of bibliography and book history were formed and established in Lithuanian scholarship, while the history of the manuscript book was recorded as the earliest period of Lithuanian book history. The bibliographies, which were started on a national basis, recorded single copies of codices in a variety of languages and included some external features, but the manuscripts did not receive a closer look. V. Biržiška formulated the concept of the history of the manuscript book with a distinction between the Cyrillic and Latin codices. His insights about the poor quality of manuscript books in the GDL were later developed to some extent but remained mainly unchanged until the 1990s, and apparently influenced the subsequent development of research. The first phase can therefore be called the bibliographical period. The second phase covers the period 1945-1990. The end of the Second World War saw the reactivation of academic institutions, the training of a new generation of historians and librarians, the accumulation of manuscript books, and the appearance of individual works on the history of the book. However, we can only speak of codicological research and attention to the manuscript book as a research object since the 1980s. Historians and philologists (S. Lazutka, E. Gudavičius, V. Raudeliūnas, V. Mažiulis, V. Drotvinas), following the work of the scholars of the Vilnius Imperial University in the early 19th century, began to publish sources of writing. The comprehensive study of the First Statute of Lithuania by S. Lazutka and E. Gudavičius, published in 1983, clearly demonstrated the difference between codicology and palaeography. The detailed codicological description, still called palaeography, was used as an auxiliary research method to argue the origin and originality of the text, the history of its functioning and the dating process. Thus, between 1945 and 1990, codicology completely fulfilled its role as an auxiliary science of history. While book studies became an independent discipline in the period under discussion, codicology did not become as a discipline complete in itself. It remained a discipline between book history and palaeography, looking for a place in the structure of Lithuanian science. Although the term codicology was already in use in the scientific world and the concept of the term had expanded considerably, it did not function in Lithuanian science. However, it is significant to note that the studies in which codicology was used as an auxiliary science at the same time developed the topics of book science, raised new questions, and drew attention to new phenomena and cultural connections.

Flame propagation characteristics and thermal radiation hazards of methane-hydrogen-mixed cloud explosion in unconfined area: Experiment research and theoretical modeling

Under an equivalency ratio of 1.1, this manuscript studies the fireballs of methane-combustible gas clouds with varying hydrogen doping ratios (5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 75 %). It then modifies the semiempirical-theoretical fireball heat radiation model based on flame size. Under 5%–30 % mixing ratio, flame growth characteristics are more comparable, and peak flame propagation speed is 18 m/s, whereas the mixing ratios of 50 % and 75 % are higher, take 0.1s to complete the accelerated process, and reach 26.7 and 36.7 m/s, respectively. In flames including methane hydrogen-doped mixtures, thermal diffusion instability and hydrodynamic instability are common. With an increase in the hydrogen doping ratio, the flame self-acceleration index shows a steady rising trend. Additionally, heat flux meter peak heat radiation values increase with hydrogen blending ratio, while the time to peak decreases. These findings align with the developmental process of flame morphology. Based on the observed flame development characteristics, a semi-empirical-theoretical model of heat radiation from the fireball is simplified. The results show that as the hydrogen doping ratio increases, the safety zone must be moved further away.

The Autograph of Ali Akbar Khitaʾi’s Khiṭāynāma (Book of China) and Its Manuscript Tradition

Abstract This article discusses a poorly acknowledged autograph copy of the Khiṭāynāma by Ali Akbar Khitaʾi in Persian. Unlike most studies on the work, it argues that MS Istanbul, Aşir Efendi 249 (henceforth AE 249) in the Süleymaniye library is an autograph copy completed in 1516 and presented to Süleyman I (r. 1520–1566) when he was still a prince. It also argues that the author prepared two recensions for two patrons, Selim I (r. 1512–1520) and Süleyman I, around the same time. The article further demonstrates that the appellations sultan and shah were commonly used for Ottoman princes and appeared in various manuscripts. Hence AE 249’s usage of the term sultan for Süleyman is not an inconsistency casting doubt on the date of the manuscript and its character. The article additionally provides the most comprehensive list and information on Persian manuscripts of the original work and its two different Ottoman Turkish translations. In this way, it clarifies various confusing references to the manuscripts of the work in modern scholarship. Moreover, it provides a more secure foundation for future research on the Khiṭāynāma as well as on how to discuss the titles of Ottoman patrons and how to conceptualize them in manuscript studies. Ultimately, it hopes to demonstrate that the political context may provide insights to better deal with similar works from the era.

Preparation of landscape gardening soil using undersized fraction from aged MSW by EDTA or citric acid coupled with humic acid: Effect assessment, properties, and optimization

ABSTRACT Undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW), as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants. The characteristics and effectiveness of heavy metal pollution removal in UFAMSW attracted tremendous research interest from scientists recently. In this study, the heavy metal removal efficiencies and bioavailability of washing on contaminated UFAMSW were evaluated with three washing reagents including ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and humic acid (HA). The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Mn could be 53.68%, 52.12%, and 30.63% by EDTA/HA washing and 42.36%, 39.67% and 28.49% by CA/HA washing, respectively. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction was applied to analyze the fraction change of heavy metals in UFAMSW before and after washing, and it was found that chelating agent combined with HA could contribute to the removal of the exchangeable fraction. Physical and chemical properties of UFAMSW were improved to some extent after washing with mixed HA and chelating agent and could achieve the quality standard of landscape gardening soil. Accordingly, the mixture of HA and other chelating agents could be a promising washing process for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW. Implications: Our manuscript studies the removal of heavy metals from the contaminated undersized fraction from aged municipal solid waste (UFAMSW). UFAMSW, as a kind of soil-like material, has been proved effective in providing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for soil and plants however often limited by heavy metal pollution. The UFAMSW used in this experiment was collected after the excavation and screening-sorting of aged refuse from Changshankou Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Southern China. This study investigated the effects of EDTA, CA, HA, mixed EDTA/HA, and mixed CA/HA washing on heavy metal removal (Cu, Zn, and Mn), bioavailability of residual heavy metal and properties. The effects of chelating agent concentration, pH, and washing time on metal removal were investigated and then response surface methodology was employed to optimize the washing conditions. The results showed that washing by CA/HA and EDTA/HA, had a higher removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in UFAMSW compared to single HA. Meanwhile, HA has a higher removal for exchangeable fraction of heavy metals, the exchangeable concentration of Cu, Zn, and Mn in CA/HA and EDTA/HA washed UFAMSW were lower compared with UFAMSW washed by single CA and EDTA. Thus, mixing HA with EDTA or CA makes a less risk to environmental and the removal efficiency is acceptable. Additionally, CA/HA and EDTA/HA washing tend to improve soil physicochemical properties and soil fertility. Thus, mixing HA with different washing agent are potential methods for preparation of landscape gardening soil using UFAMSW.

Five Years of the Serindica Laboratory in the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS: Results and Prospects

The article presents a review of the main results achieved in the first five years by the Serindica Laboratory at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author points out that initial planning of the Laboratory’s work made it possible to implement a cross-regional approach to the study of Central Asian manuscripts. This article also examines the prospects for further research to be conducted by members of the Laboratory.

The Scene of the “Holiday” in the Draft and Printed Text of Dostoevsky’s “Demons”

The article analyzes the material of the draft manuscript of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Demons”, specifically, the pages containing the scene of Karmazinov reading his work “Merci”. The draft manuscript of the novel “Demons” is a syntactically coherent text containing a large number of author’s edits between the lines and in the margins. The analysis of the manuscript made it possible to identify inaccuracies in its reading by publishers that negatively affect the interpretation of the text. In addition, this analysis helped to correct these errors and accompany them with the necessary textual commentary, affecting, in particular, such problems as the establishment of the text, the identification and analysis of new discrepancies (variants) between the sources of the text, as well as text omissions in print. The textual part of the work is continued by the historical-literary and real commentary proposed in the article based on the newly discovered information about the features of the creation of the artistic concept of “Demons,” explaining the significance of literary and historical motifs that are associated with ancient culture and history for the novel plot. In the process of analyzing handwritten and printed sources, literary and historical allusions were established, which the specified episode of the novel “Demons” contains. In addition, the article examined the historical subtext and symbolism of ancient motifs that were reflected in the scene of literary reading in “Demons,” as well as the content of some historical sources (works by ancient authors on the history of Ancient Rome; lectures by T. N. Granovsky, who became the prototype of the hero of the novel, Stepan Trofimovich Verkhovensky). New information revealed during the study of the draft manuscript of “Demons” indicates, on the one hand, that the ancient “trace” played an important role in the development of the idea of this novel, on the other hand, the complexity of the novel’s narrative structure.

About the Miscellany of Charms from the Collection of V. M. Undolsky

The article deals with a collection of handwritten charms of the second half of the 17th century from the collection of V. M. Undolsky (Russian State Library. F. 310. No. 1179). The manuscript was published twice by L. I. Sazonova and A. L. Toporkov (in 2000 and 2002) with a commentary, but it has not yet been the subject of textual and linguistic investigations, which are necessary in the study of texts circulating in the handwritten sphere. These purposes make possible to draw conclusions about the origin of the collection, the pecularities of its creation and sources. The article presents the results of the study manuscript de visu. The special attention is paid to the peculiarities of handwriting, scribe’s mistakes and reflections of live pronunciation which is considered in the context of the handwritten culture of Old Rus’. In present article the observations is based on the textual, linguistic and comparative research methods that are relevant in the study of medieval manuscripts. The investigation allowed to propose several commented refinements to the edition based on a detailed study of paleography, textual features, and language, as well as the involvement of other manuscript and printed texts, historical and dialect dictionaries. The scribe’s errors in the manuscript from the collection of V. M. Undolsky are related to the existence of the antigraph, which does not allow us to agree with the publishers’ assumption that the collection was recorded from an oral source. The dialectal features of the charms leads to the conclusion about the Central or Middle Russian dialect of the scribe. It is possible that the owner of the manuscript, Vasily Volotsky, is the podyachy Vasily Volotsky, who is mentioned in the documents of 1699 and 1701 years of the Arzamas clerk’s izba.