List Of Manuscripts Research Articles

An international review of tobacco smoking among dental students in 19 countries

This study was conducted as a systematic review of all modern literature describing the prevalence of tobacco smoking among dental students. An electronic keyword search of appropriate terms was initially undertaken to identify relevant material, after which the reference lists of manuscripts were also examined to locate additional publications. A total of 27 studies from 19 countries were identified. The earliest manuscripts appeared in 1970, with the most recent being published in 2006. From a global perspective, our review suggests that tobacco smoking is relatively uncommon among contemporary dental students in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Great Britain and the United States. This is not surprising however, as it has previously been noted that dentists generally smoke at one of the lowest rates among all health professionals, and much lower than that of the communities in which they live. Somewhat discouragingly, we did find that smoking remains quite common among dental students in countries such as Greece, Serbia, Romania and Hungary. Given the fact that some of the student body continue to smoke tobacco, it is clear that more aggressive tobacco-specific measures should become a mandatory component of global dental education in future years.

Hrabani Mauri Opera Exegetica: Repertorium Fontium. Volume 1: Rabano Mauro Esegeta: Le Fonti. I commentari. Volume 2: Apparatus Fontium (in Genesim in libros Macchabeorum. Volume 3: Apparatus Fontium (in Mattheum Homiliae in Evangelia et Epistolas). Indici. By SILVIA CANTELLI BERARDUCCI.

This three-volume work of reference will provide an invaluable resource. It traces the sources of the text of the Opera Exegetica of Hrabanus Maurus. The first volume contains a discussion of his sources, the form in which they were available to him (as complete works or in collections of extracts), and the way he used them. There follows a study of the commentaries themselves, with lists of manuscripts and printed edition(s). The second and third volumes contain the repertorium fontium, Genesis to Maccabees (vol. 2) and Matthew and Homilies on the Gospels and Epistles (vol. 3). There are comprehensive indexes.

A plant list of 1633: annotations in a copy of Thomas Johnson's Iter plantarum

At the back of a copy of Thomas Johnson's Iter plantarum at Magdalen College, Oxford, is a manuscript list of plants in the hand of John Goodyer, Johnson's “onely Assistant” in the revision of Gerard's Herball. The purpose of the list, and its date, is unknown. From a comparison of the plants included with those in the Herball, in Johnson's Iter plantarum and Descriptio itineris plantarum, and in Goodyer's other writings I conclude that the list was written in the late summer or early autumn of 1633 as an aide-mémoire of corrections and additions to the Herball. I discuss the relevance of a few entries to priority of discovery in Britain.

An international review of tobacco smoking in the medical profession: 1974-2004.

BackgroundTobacco smoking by physicians represents a contentious issue in public health, and regardless of what country it originates from, the need for accurate, historical data is paramount. As such, this article provides an international comparison of all modern literature describing the tobacco smoking habits of contemporary physicians.MethodsA keyword search of appropriate MeSH terms was initially undertaken to identify relevant material, after which the reference lists of manuscripts were also examined to locate further publications.ResultsA total of 81 English-language studies published in the past 30 years met the inclusion criteria. Two distinct trends were evident. Firstly, most developed countries have shown a steady decline in physicians' smoking rates during recent years. On the other hand, physicians in some developed countries and newly-developing regions still appear to be smoking at high rates. The lowest smoking prevalence rates were consistently documented in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. Comparison with other health professionals suggests that fewer physicians smoke when compared to nurses, and sometimes less often than dentists.ConclusionOverall, this review suggests that while physicians' smoking habits appear to vary from region to region, they are not uniformly low when viewed from an international perspective. It is important that smoking in the medical profession declines in future years, so that physicians can remain at the forefront of anti-smoking programs and lead the way as public health exemplars in the 21st century.

Is there a recommended maximum starting dose of FSH in IVF?

This report reviews and discusses the existing evidence on recommended FSH doses in IVF cycles. A comprehensive search for relevant data was performed in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and NICE clinical guidelines database, and the reference lists of manuscripts. A good body of evidence exists looking at starting doses of FSH for first IVF attempts. Only one randomised controlled trial was identified looking at the efficacy of increasing doses during an IVF cycle. Some observational studies dealt with the question whether a suboptimal ovarian response should be managed by an increased FSH dose in a subsequent cycle, but no randomised trials addressed this issue.

William Byrd and his contemporaries: essays and a monograph

Preface Abbreviations 1. William Byrd: Traditionalist and Innovator 2. Homage to Taverner in Byrd's Masses 3. Thomas Tallis: Facing the Music 4. Edward Paston: A Norfolk Gentleman and His Musical Collection Appendix A: Extracts from the Will of Edward Paston Dealing with His Collection Appendix B: List of Manuscripts 5. Musicae Modernae Laus: Geoffrey Whitney's Tributes to the Lute and Its Players 6. The Two Musical Personalities of Thomas Weelkes 7. Orlando Gibbons: English Music for the Scottish Progress of 1617 8. Word Setting in the Songs of Byrd 9. New Reflections on William Byrd 10. Prefaces to Gradualia Appendix: Publications by Philip Brett on Elizabethan-Jacobean Music Index

Hannah More Items in the Huntington Library: Correspondence and a Poem

Hannah More Items in the Huntington Library: Correspondence and a Poem

A comparison of tobacco smoking among dentists in 15 countries

This study was conducted as a systematic review of all modern literature describing the prevalence and associations of tobacco smoking among dentists. A keyword search of appropriate MeSH terms was initially undertaken to identify relevant material. Reference lists of manuscripts were also examined to locate further publications. A total of 35 English-language studies published in the past 25 years met the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that the prevalence of smoking is generally quite low among dentists, and that it has also declined in many countries during recent years. The lowest rates were documented in the United States (USA), Thailand, Finland, Australia and Canada. When multiple studies were examined over time, it appears that dentists in Australia and the USA consistently report the lowest prevalence. Overall, this review suggests that dentists have one of the lowest smoking rates among all health professionals. There were a few exceptions however, namely Italy and Jordan, where dentists appear to be smoking at fairly high rates. Nevertheless, it is important that tobacco usage continues its decline in future years so that the dental profession may remain exemplars at the forefront of preventive oral care.

The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (review)

Reviewed by: The Organ Music of J. S. Bach Lawrence Archbold The Organ Music of J. S. Bach. By Peter Williams . 2d ed.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. [ x, 624 p. ISBN 0-521-81416-2. $110 (hbk.); ISBN 0-521-89115-9. $40 (pbk.)] Music examples, glossary, bibliography, indexes. When Peter Williams' magisterial The Organ Music of J. S. Bachfirst appeared nearly twenty-five years ago (Cambridge University Press, vols. 1 and 2 in 1980, vol. 3 in 1984), a new era in the scholarship of Bach's organ music was opened. This study pointedly avoided the celebratory tone so typical of previous books on the topic, and it refused to allow mere speculation about these pieces to assume the status of accepted [End Page 430]fact. It drew great attention to sources, particularly since ongoing close study of them at the time was making problematic much received wisdom about this repertory. The volumes were loaded (even overloaded) with lists of manuscripts, quotations of opinions from previous generations, richly detailed formal analyses, and an extravagant number of musical examples which supported the myriad connections drawn by the author to Bach's organ works from a wide range of composers of organ music (and other keyboard, instrumental, and even vocal music). In the end, however, Williams preferred to pose questions rather than offer answers, and the reader learned much about how to formulate such questions and what might constitute a reasonable answer or, perhaps more likely, why it would not be reasonable to expect an answer. The appearance of the second edition of this book cannot help but interest anyone concerned with Bach's organ music, if only for the promise that it will provide as valuable a guide to the specialized scholarship on this topic that appeared in the 1980s and 1990s as the first edition did for that of the 1960s and 1970s. That, and much more, awaits the reader. Indeed, the claim, made early in the preface, that "the text is now largely new" (p. vii) is, if anything, an understatement. The thirty-two pages of additions and corrections to the first and second volumes that appeared near the end of the third volume may have served as a starting point for the second edition, but fail to explain the scope of the changes. Volumes 1 and 2, which provided piece-by-piece discussions organized by Bach Werke Verzeichnis (BWV) number, have been combined into this single book. (Volume 1 covered the "Preludes, Toccatas, Fantasias, Fugues, Sonatas, Concertos and Miscellaneous Pieces" while volume 2 treated the remaining "Works based on Chorales." Volume 3, "A Background," discussed questions of liturgy, instruments, and performance practices, among other topics; according to the second edition's preface, it will require "a separate revision" [p. vii].) The some seven hundred pages of the previous volumes 1 and 2 have been reduced to the some six hundred pages of the present single volume; a new, significantly larger type face makes the second edition noticeably easier to navigate; and the new text is much more gracefully paragraphed. These striking changes are possible because the original text has been simplified in many ways: the discussions of many individual pieces have been shortened, and a few even severely truncated; the number of sources listed for individual pieces has often been greatly reduced, with the author's advice to consult instead the second edition of the Bach Werke Verzeichnis( Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach,Wolfgang Schmieder, ed. 2d ed. [Wiesbaden: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1990]); the proliferation of content footnotes has been all but eliminated; and many musical examples have disappeared, while those that remain have been shrunk. More importantly, much new material is included. The bibliography—a new feature of the second edition—reveals the large amount of new work that has been taken into account. True to form, Williams is skeptical of the conclusions promulgated by much recent scholarship. He cautions against taking too seriously the case made for the influence of Konrad Friedrich Hurlebusch's Fugue in D Major on Bach's Fugue in E-flat Major (BWV 552). He defends the Fugue in F Minor (BWV...

Addenda and corrigenda to the Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts

The ‘Preliminary List of Manuscripts Written or Owned in England up to 1100’, which appeared twenty years ago in vol. 9 of this periodical, was a first attempt to bring together, in a concise inventory, what was then known about surviving manuscripts and manuscript fragments written in, or imported into, England from the end of the sixth to the end of the eleventh century. This has now been superseded by the Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts, published as vol. 241 in the Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies series in 2001. Like the ‘Preliminary List’, the Handlist cannot possibly claim to be perfect or complete, but it is hoped that it may serve some useful purposes as a reference work and, once again, as a searchlist.

The Maskil, the Convert, and the [ayin ]Agunah: Joseph Perl as a Historian of Jewish Divorce Law

Some time in the third decade of the nineteenth century, the maskil (enlightened Jew) Joseph Perl (1773–1839) appealed to the provincial authorities in Lemberg, Austrian Galicia to support those in the Jewish community who strove to find a solution to the rabbinic requirement that a male convert to Christianity grant his Jewish wife a writ of divorce (get).Contested divorces where the husband had converted to Christianity were particularly poignant for Ashkenazic Jewry living in medieval and early modern western Christendom because of the paradox inherent in the halakhic requirement for a male Jewish apostate to grant his wife a Jewish divorce. The apostate was viewed as both immutably Jewish, always a potential baעal teshuvah, to the Jewish community, and immutably Christian to the Church because the waters of baptism were indelible. Jewish jurists, well aware of their community's susceptibility to conversionary pressures, struggled between keeping the doors of repentance open and making an example of the convert by meting out harsh punishments against him. See Rashi's famous responsum regarding the marital status of women whose husbands had been forcibly converted during the Crusades, cited in Jacob Rader Marcus, The Jew in the Medieval World (Atheneum, 1938), pp. 301–302; and the discussion in Jacob Katz, “Though He Has Sinned, He Remains an Israelite,” Tarbiz 27 (1958): pp. 203–217. For the early modern period, see Elisheva Carlebach, Divided Souls: Converts from Judaism in Germany, 1500–1750 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 25, 138–139. Perl's treatise, with the bold title, Uber die Modifikation der Mosaischen Gesetze (Regarding the Modification of Mosaic Laws),Joseph Perl Archive, folder 144, JNULA. Written primarily in Gothic German, with occasional use of Latin characters and Hebrew citations, the manuscript is 83 pages with an introduction. The only mention I have found of the text is by Avraham Rubinstein, who noted that the manuscript was indicated in Philip Koffler's appendix to the Perl archive. See [Joseph Perl] Uber das Wesen der Sekte Chassidim, Avraham Rubinstein, ed. (Jerusalem, 1977), p. 4, n. 17. See, too, Joseph Perl Archive, folder 131, “Comments or corrections to the book dealing with Jewish Law,” and folder 38.7075. did not urge the abandonment of rabbinic law or authority. Rather, he argued that a historical investigation of Jewish divorce law proved that minimizing the possibility of ‘aginut (“grass widowhood”) had always been a priority of a responsible rabbinic leadership. Were the Austrians able to empower an upstanding contemporary rabbinate sensitive to women's needs, Perl reasoned, a rabbinically-sanctioned halakhic solution to the problem of an ‘agunah married to a convert could be found. Although the Austrian censor rejected the publication of Uber die Modifikation der Mosaischen Gesetze, the manuscript is illustrative of the ideological concerns of moderate maskilim in Central and Eastern Europe who wanted to participate fully in civil society while retaining the authority of Jewish law.The censor rejected the manuscript on February 17, 1831. See number 6 in the list of manuscripts compiled as an appendix to Perl's Archives by Philip Koffler of Tarnopol during the interwar years, Joseph Perl Archive, JNULA, appendix.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. Revised Instructions and Format, Updated Lists of Accounts Published and in Preparation

Three years ago, we published a revised format for the series on the Biology of Canadian Weeds, as well as instructions for the preparation of Updates of Previous Accounts (Cavers and Warwick 2000). This led to renewed interest in the series with 15 new accounts and two updates being published from April 2000 to October 2003. In addition, four new accounts and two updates have been accepted for publication, pending revision. There have also been many changes in the list of manuscripts in preparation. Since there are also a number of changes that need to be made in the Format and the Instructions to Authors, we are reprinting all of this information here. The term “weed”, as used in this series, refers to any vascular plant that perpetuates itself in habitats where it is not wanted. Individual contributions should contain accounts of a single weed species or a group of related species. Prospective authors should note that a new series, the Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada, is being launched in this journal issue (Warwick et al. 2003). Before submitting an offer of contribution, authors should consider carefully the status and history of their species in Canada and then select the appropriate series. The Biology of Canadian Weeds series addresses undeniable problematic weeds in Canada, whereas the new series is designed to cover aliens in Canada that have demonstratable potential risk. In cases where the assignment to a particular series is not clear, the editors of both series may be called upon to make a judgment call. Please consult the new series (Warwick et al. 2003) for further information. If you wish to write an account on a weed species, you must first check to ensure that the species has not been assigned to someone else. This involves sending an “offer of contribution” to Dr P. Cavers. After approval of your offer, you may proceed with writing the paper. The completed paper is to be submitted directly to the Canadian Journal of Plant Science (see below). Offers of contributions by individuals or groups should be made to Dr. Paul B. Cavers, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, e-mail pcavers@uwo.ca. These offers of contributions will be subject to approval by a committee of the Canadian Weed Science Society (CWSS). Approved offers will be subject to re-approval after three years if the article has not been completed during that period. Any inquiries about the format to be used or advice on preliminary drafts should be directed to Dr. Cavers. He can also supply blank maps of Canada and will suggest specialists or institutions that will provide various types of services for authors. The Canadian Weed Science Society has a web site [http://cwss-scm.ca/] with on-line references to common English and French names, links to provincial and federal legislation and current lists of species published and in preparation for this series. The finished manuscript should be submitted to: Canadian Journal of Plant Science; Mr. T. Fenton, Head, Journals Section, Agricultural Institute of Canada, 141 Laurier Ave. W., Suite 1112, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 5J3. All contributions must comply with the format of this journal. Accounts on a single species, including all maps, drawings, diagrams and photographs, should not exceed 50 pages [12 point font, double-spaced with numbered lines]. Of course, accounts on more than one species can be longer. The authors should also provide the names and addresses [including phone numbers and e-mails if available] of three potential referees.

Handlist of Anglo‐Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

Handlist of Anglo‐Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

The World of the Early Sienese Painter: With a Translation of the Sienese Breve dell'Arte dei Pittori by Gabriele Erasmi (review)

212 Reviews Parergon 20.2 (2003) The book appears to be intended for the classroom, perhaps for an advanced Old English seminar, as well as for scholars. Given this orientation, the reasonable price and correspondingly inexpensive, uncluttered format seem appropriate. It is a pity, though, that the layout is at times slightly ungainly: the left-hand gutter is too small for easy opening; the last row of characters is missing on page x; the list of manuscripts unnecessarily goes over pp. xi-xii where it might have all gone on to p. xii; and there is only one line of text after the section title on p. 43.These physical flaws do not, however, detract from the value of this highly useful and extremely welcome volume which rightly focuses our attention on the literary biography of this important and rather racy saint’s life. Antonina Harbus Department of English University of Sydney Maginnis, Hayden B. J., The World of the Early Sienese Painter: With a Translation of the Sienese Breve dell’Arte dei Pittori by Gabriele Erasmi, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001; cloth; pp. 310; 108 b/w illustrations, 16 colour plates; RRP US$65.00; ISBN 0271020040. Maginnis is working on a substantial scale. This is volume two of a three volume set, intended to describe and provide a new understanding of early Sienese art. Volume I, Painting in the Age of Giotto: A Historical Re-evaluation (1997), called into question the account of Vasari, that Florence was the source of the stylistic developments which led to the Renaissance, and instead drew attention to the achievements of Siena. Volume III will give a history of Sienese painting between 1260 and 1363. The present volume seeks to put artists of the Duecento and Trecento in a social context using archival and unpublished secondary sources. Maginnis laments the relative paucity of original documentation from Florence, and in an inversion of the usual process suggests that because of the wealth of material on early Sienese art it may be used as a case study to understand the situation in other parts of central Italy. The resulting book is close to quarto size and contains 198 pages of text by Maginnis, extensively footnoted; a 22 page translation of the statutes of the painters’guild of Siena of 1356, giving their regulations, behaviour, and conditions of work; 62 pages of appendices, detailing evidence for where the painters lived, what primary archival sources are available, and records of payments, and 12 Reviews 213 Parergon 20.2 (2003) pages of bibliography. In addition the book is lavishly illustrated with sixteen full-page colour plates and 108 black and white illustrations, almost all fullpage . The images provide a resource for discussions in the text, so where for example on page 95 Maginnis refers to fresco a secco, he is able to refer the reader to nine examples in black and white and two in colour. Assuming that his choice of illustration is broken up according to the needs of each of the three volumes, the completed trilogy should provide a comprehensive illustration of Sienese art at a reasonable price, unmatched in the English language for its scope. The five chapters are coherently organised while containing a bower-bird trove of information on such matters as where the painters lived (mostly to the north of the Campo), whether their contracts were for salary or costs, how much property they had, what fines they paid for professional misconduct, and the rising price of bricks. It seems that Maginnis has left out no piece of information that he came across. Such inclusiveness makes the book a great resource, while the immediate relevance might not be obvious. Maginnis himself concedes after a discussion of how much painters received from their brides in dowry that is not possible to say what, if anything, the figures mean. The present volume does not altogether prove Sienese artistic ascendency, though that is not its point. By Maginnis’s own reckoning only a handful of artists, Duccio, Simone Martini, and the Lorenzetti brothers, were of the first rank. They were not necessarily influential and the closed nature of the profession in Siena restricted the intercourse...

Gneuss, Helmut. Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

Gneuss, Helmut. Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

The Arthur of the English ed. by W.R.J. Barron (review)

112ARTHURIANA W.R.J. Barron, ed., The Arthur ofthe English. Cardiff: University ofWales Press, 1999. Pp. 395. isbn: 0-7083-1477-5. $65. In his introduction to the University ofWales's Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, series editor W.R.J. Barron remarks on the changes in Arthurian studies since the appearance ofRoger Sherman Loomis's Arthurian Literature in theMiddUAges in 1959. The expansion ofArthurian scholarship has meant that AEMAs successor is actually a series ofvolumes, each representing a particular culture. In TheArthur oftheEnglish, the second volume in the series, the cultural (rather than linguistic or national) emphasis of the volumes in the series is immediately evident. The first essay, Ceridwen Lloyd-Morgan's 'The Celtic Tradition,' deals with Welsh material, while the second, a chapter on 'Dynastic Chronicles' by Barron, Françoise Le Saux, and Lesley Johnson, considers Middle English works alongside the Anglo Latin and Anglo Norman chronicles with which they share obvious affinity. Catherine Batt and Rosalind Fields chapter on 'The Romance Tradition' casts the net yet more widely, placing Chrétien and continental romances alongside Marie de France and Anglo Norman romance. While the essays on later works focus on Middle English, the linguistic and geographical range ofthis early section is an important indication ofthe scope ofthis collection. This recognition ofthe intertextuality of Arthurian literature is manifested as well in many essays which consider relationships between various versions ofthe same story, or between Middle English works and their analogues: two examples are Elizabeth Williams's treatment of Sir LandevaU, Sir Launfal, and Sir Lambewell, and Flora Alexander's discussion ofLanceht ofthe Laik and Sir Lanceht du Lake. Another welcome feature of this collection is the attention paid by many contributors to the manuscript record (though I would have appreciated a list of manuscripts as part ofthe Reference Bibliography, rather than the single collective entry in the Index). As one would expect, this emphasis is more pronounced in some essays than in others, and it takes various forms. Karen Hodder, for example, deals with issues of ownership in her short essay on the Prose Merlin; Maldwyn Mills considers the reshaping done by scribe-redactors in the various manuscripts of Lybeaus Desconus; and Lesley Johnson points to the discrepancy between the widespread manuscript circulation ofRobert ofGloucester's ChronicU and modern disparagement of this once-popular work. Diane Speed's short essay on The Grene Knight includes the sobering reflection that, had the manuscript ofSir Gawain and the Green Knight perished in the Cotton fire, this Percy Folio poem would have been our only version ofthe story. Finally, P.J.C. Field's chapter on Malory spends considerable time on the Caxton/ Winchester debate, and deals as well with the editorial tradition of Malory's Morte. This Malory chapter—a masterful and elegant summary, worth in itselfthe price of admission—brings me to another feature of the collection, and that is, the considerable variation in approach to the works being considered. Some works are summarized: Barron offers a useful précis ofGeoffreys Historia and CaroleWeinberg summarizes the Stanzaic Morte Arthure as she offers her reading of it, for example. Others are presented chiefly through specific readings, as in Mills's emphasis on the REVIEWS113 competing claims ofkinship and chivalry in AV PercyvellofGaUs. There is a useful critical survey by Johnson in the essay on the Alliterative Morte Arthure, while Rosamund Allen's piece on the Awntyrs offArthure is a complete, self-standing overview in the survey style. Some contributions are written with considerable verve—I noted with pleasure Gillian Rogers's definition ofthe Carle narratives as 'eclecticism run riot' (207); Barron's description ofLady Bertilakas a self-interested sexual flytrap' (171); and Fields's assertion that, whatever little details he may get wrong, 'Malory gets the nobility right' (244). Sometimes the categories which have been created for the romances are carefully defined at the start, as in the long chapter on 'Chivalric Romance.' Sometimes the definitions clarify only retrospectively, as for example at the end ofthe section on 'Dynastic Romance.' And sometimes there is a clear-eyed recognition that all attempts to subdivide romance are at best imprecise, as in Rogers's remarks about the 'sliding scale between...

Litigants and Neighbors: The Communal Topography of Ottoman Damascus

Litigants and Neighbors: The Communal Topography of Ottoman Damascus

Un procès de magiciens au XVIIIe siècle

Abstract The original of a surprising report, entitled «Procès des sorciers de Lyon 1742», is kept at the library of château de Grosbois-en-Montagne, covering a period of three years (1742-1745), the report describes strange proceedings to invoke angels. This manuscript lists countless cross-questionings. The procedure that started in 1742, led to the condemnation of twenty-nine individuals for magic practices in 1745. According to paradigms of the 17th and 18th centuries, those sentenced persons were considered as magicians and not as wizards, because the magician was defined by three criteria: it was a cultured person, able to trap and dominate spirits, and it was a man. The persons charged were painfully sentenced, even for that period, due to the backward mentality of some magistrates. According to them, the same crimes (magic and/or witchcraft) had to lead the same punishment: to be burnt at the stake. The presentation of this trial renews the general concepts on magic and magicians in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Recent Study on Peter Olivi

RECENT STUDY ON PETER OLIVI Peter Olivi, the late thirteenth century Franciscan, received considerable attention from scholars around the seventh centenary of his death (March 14, 1998). The attention resulted in two conferences, and the conferences led to two publications. One conference took place on December 4-5, 1997, in Grottaferrata, near Rome. It focused formally on Olivi's writings, edited and unedited. V. Sanchez gathered the papers presented during the sessions into a double issue of the Archivum Franciscanum Historicum.1 The other conference, on March 11-15, 1998, brought the participants to Narbonne, the place of Peter Olivi's death. A. Boureau and S. Piron published the results under a title which summed up both the papers presented in Narbonne and Olivi's career.2 Recent study of Peter Olivi has resulted in more than further information and opinion about him. The information has laid out new grounds for such study. Although it might not repair Olivi's reputation as a troublemaker, it does require we see him in a larger and different context. The context is now larger because we see better how Olivi involved himself in so many of the day's intellectual debates. It is different, for the information lodges him unmistakably in the line of the Franciscan school. The order's constitutions expected its trained scholars to work with the methods and theses of their Franciscan masters. Peter Olivi did just that, albeit with a talent which made colleagues uneasy. However stimulating the papers presented in Narbonne, it is the survey of Olivi's writings conducted in Grottaferrata which manifests concretely the great advance in Olivi scholarship. We begin with A. Ciceri's list of manuscripts containing texts of Olivi.3 In his introduction to his "census of Olivi manuscripts," Ciceri explains how the book came about and what it contains. Given that Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 91 (July-December 1998), Fase. 3-4. ^Pierre de Jean Olivi (1248-1298). Pensée scolastique, dissidence spirituelle et société. Vrin, Paris, 1998, 412pp. At the beginning of their introduction, Boureau and Piron explain the various forms of Peter Olivi's name. I abide by Peter Olivi, as is common in English. ''Petri lohannis Olivi Opera. Censtmento dei manoscritti. (Collectio Oliviana I.) Grottaferrata, 1999, 248pp. Ill Franciscan Studies 58 (2000) 112David Flood, O.F.M. he wanted to edit Olivi's questions on marriage, Ciceri had to locate his manuscript material. He started off with the information on the questions offered by Doucet (1935) and Cenci (1964)4 and from there went on to scour catalogs and monographs for further information. He did not find much for his editorial project. However, he did end up with a great deal of information on manuscripts with writings of Olivi and, in 1997, published the results in the Archivum.5 Easy to consult, Ciceri's list not only proved helpful; it grew rapidly through the interest and contributions of other scholars. And so we have the Censimento of 1999, the census of Olivi manuscripts. Ciceri explains what the book contains and does not contain. The first chapter lists Olivi's writings and then the manuscripts containing the texts. Although he makes no attempt to describe and analyze the manuscripts, Ciceri went to great lengths to footnote the literature on the material. The second chapter lists the manuscripts, according to the cities where they can be found, and indicates which writings the manuscripts contain. An index then gives the beginnings (the incipits) of every text.6 While A. Ciceri listed the writings of Peter Olivi that have reached us by manuscript, S. Piron set out to identify those writings which have not yet been found or which have been lost.7 By industry and with acuity, in a remarkable historical performance, 4C. Cenci, "Un manoscritto autógrafo di san Bernardino a Budapest," Studi Francescani 61 (1964), 345-346. V Doucet, "De operibus manuscriptis fr. Petri Ioannis Olivi in Bibliotheca Universitatis Patavinae asservatis," AFH 28 (1935), 172-175. V. Doucet had wanted to make Peter Olivi the focal point of his research when he first went to Quaracchi in 1929. He was warned away from such dangerous material by those who appointed...