Manuscript Research Articles

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CASH BASIS PADA ORGANISASI NIRLABA

GKJTU Kendal in managing its financial administration is still manually, namely by writing in a handwritten book. The progressive growth of the number of congregations in GKJTU Kendal has certainly resulted in significant data growth. This results in the treasurer having difficulty in processing financial statements.
 The purpose of this study is to produce a church financial administration information system using the cash basis method to be applied to the GKJTU Kendal to assist the assembly in the process of managing financial reports to be more effective and computerized. The design and development of this information system uses the PHP programming language, Sublime Text 3 as a text editor, MySQL as a database, with Research and Development research methods.
 With this system, it is hoped that it will facilitate the process of managing financial administration at GKJTU Kendal, so that financial reporting can be more transparent and the congregation can also trust the assembly who manages finances more. This system can process financial administration more quickly, easily, and effectively in data processing. The existence of a website-based financial administration information system is the best solution to overcome the problems that exist in GKJTU Kendal.

Editors’ Introduction

Editors’ Introduction

OCR / HTR technologies and Armenian Heritage Preservation

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and HTR (Handwritten Text Recognition) are now ready for Armenian language. This technology may offer a greater valorization for documents by enabling improved accessibility, using by instance keywords search, and consists in a new challenge for Digital Libraries. Our presentation intends to propose a view on what is possible today, by introducing a state-of-the-art of the challenges raised by text recognition for Armenian. A focus will be drawn on the technology developed by Calfa for handwritten archives, ancient manuscripts and old printed books. We will present our feedback on three of our ongoing projects: processing catalogs of manuscripts (Mekhitarist, Venice), printed newspapers of Fundamental Scientific Library of NASRA, and handwritten correspondences (Mekhitarist, Venice). Methodology applied by Calfa leads to an accuracy higher than 95% for handwritten documents and higher than 99,5% for printed documents.

Portraits of a Lady: The Self-Presentation of Esther Inglis, Protestant Limner

Esther Inglis (ca. 1570–1624), a Franco-Scottish writer, is known for her manuscript books, written in many handwriting styles and decorated with pen or brushwork in black-and-white or color. About twenty-five of her sixty or so surviving manuscripts contain self-portraits, which until now have not been examined in detail. This essay surveys the developing author portrait in manuscript and print for French women writers, along with portrait engravings and miniatures, considering their influence on Inglis. It shows further how she created a self within the broader context of transnational Protestant humanism and poetics, crossing boundaries of gender, language, and nationality.

Ancient Epic Manuscript Binarization and Classification Using False Color Spectralization and VGG-16 Model

Ancient Malayalam manuscripts include a vast quantity of materials, much of which pertains to ancient custom and culture. These manuscripts are the foundation of the rich and diverse culture that we possess today. The information extraction from such scripts written in “Thaliyola” or palm leaves would be an extensive and tedious task due to various challenges such as understanding the ancient script, damages generated due to miss-handling, stains and fungus and other environmental factors caused to the palm leaves. Preserving and segregating these documents through binarization and classification is an important task. Classification of these documents will lead to understanding unique ancient documents and preserving them for our current and future generations. In proposed work primarily an RGB image of the palm leaf document is given as input to the Spectral Angle Mapper(SAM) algorithm which takes the input and converts into RGB-A image with an additional Alpha channel, after FCC and TCC is calculated and a spectral image is generated which possess good text readability which is then followed by classification. The spectral model is passed to using VGG-16 model along with other binarized images, after training and testing achieved an accuracy of 90% on Jadakam and an accuracy of 85% with Bhagavatham.

Исландский переписчик Йоун Эрлендссон

The article analyzes the activity of the Icelandic copyist of the mid-17th century, the priest Jón Erlendsson from Villingaholt. He had copied over 60 ancient Icelandic manuscripts, many of which have survived only in the lists made by Jón. Two-thirds of the lists of his manuscripts include historical works and sagas, so they are constantly attracted by scholars of the Icelandic Middle Ages. Most of them are kept in the Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collec-tion in Reykjavik. We have analyzed the characteristic features of the design of the manu-scripts and Jón’s handwriting. He was distinguished by attention to the spelling of the origi-nal and a small number of stamps. However, his lists cannot be attributed to the illuminated “ceremonial” manuscripts (so typical for frakturing writing), which belonged to the pen of other scribes of his time. Due to the lack of ruled lines, as Jón’s “arm fatigue” increased, the number of lines on the sheet and the number of abbreviations and pronunciations in-creased. However, since the dates of most of his lists are very broad, it is not possible to find out how Jón’s handwriting changed over time.

Proposed Design to Recognize Ancient Sanskrit Manuscripts with Translation Using Machine Learning

Proposed Design to Recognize Ancient Sanskrit Manuscripts with Translation Using Machine Learning

Multi-feature fusion based automatic reconstruction in related to Chinese ancient manuscript fragments of Dunhuang

Multi-feature fusion based automatic reconstruction in related to Chinese ancient manuscript fragments of Dunhuang

МНОГОГРАННЫЙ УЧЕНЫЙ

The article is devoted to the life and activity of Turkologist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bolot Muratalyuly Yunusaliev (1913-1970). The outstanding scientist, whose 110th anniversary of birth was celebrated by the Kyrgyz Republic this year, left behind a significant creative legacy. A talented researcher, being a graduate of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, began his career as a teacher and wrote a Primer Textbook for Kyrgyz schools. During difficult years, he served as the Minister of Education of Kyrgyzstan and the rector of the Kyrgyz State University. Nevertheless, science was the main vocation, passion and life’s activity for B.M. Zhunusaliev. Firstly, he was a famous scientist who wrote such fundamental works as “Kyrgyz Lexicology”, “Kyrgyz Dialectology”. His research in the field of linguistics was highly appreciated by such prominent Turkic scholars, as K.K. Yudakhin, V.V. Reshetov, A.K. Borovkov, N.K. Dmitriev, K.M. Musaev and others. Secondly, B.M. Yunusaliev made a great contribution to the Manas studies. He not only defended the great Kyrgyz epic from ideological attacks, but also combined the versions of the storytellers Sagymbay Orazbakov and Sayakbay Karalaev into one whole (“Manas”, “Semetey”, “Seytek”) and published it in four books. His preface, written for the first volume, is considered by experts to be one of the best articles about this grandiose epic. Another merit of B.M. Yunusaliev is that he found handwritten books of one of the founders of Kyrgyz written literature, Moldo Niyaz, and donated them to the manuscript collection of the National Academy of Sciences. Thus, 171А.Ж. Шарип Turkic Studies Journal 4 (2023) 163-171thanks to him, the poet’s legacy, banned in Soviet times, entered scientific circulation during the years of independence. One of the streets in Bishkek is named in honor of the Honored Scientist of Kyrgyzstan B.M. Zhunusaliev; and a monument was erected to him in his small homeland.

Introduction of 19th century manuscripts from local historians of the Tobolsk Province into scholarly research

This article evaluates a monograph written by linguist O. V. Trofimova and historians N. I. Zagorodniuk and E. N. Konovalova. The monograph is the first in a series of scientific publications that analyze manuscripts from the Scientific Archive of the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) regarding Tobolsk Province in the second half of the 19th century. The focus of the first book in the series is on the language used by the Russian population of Tobolsk Province. The linguistic materials were collected by Siberian local historians N. A. Abramov, V. V. Adrianov, I. V. Bednyakov, F. K. Zobnin, M. I. Kostya, I. F. Lisitsyn, V. F. Tveritin, and A. G. Khudyakov at the request of the Ethnographic Program of the RGS. The publication begins with a historical overview of the Russian Geographical Society and its programs, as well as biographies of the local historians who collected the linguistic materials. The main focus of the monograph is on “Materials for the dictionary of Russian folk speech of Tobolsk province of the 19th century (1848-1891)”. These materials, derived from eight author’s dictionaries, provide insight into the unique characteristics of Russian speech in various locations in Western Siberia. The significance of this research lies in the need to incorporate new linguistic materials into scientific discourse, as they are valuable for understanding the history of language. The novelty of this work lies in its contribution to historical and lexicographic studies, which are relatively scarce in Russian historical research, as well as its exploration of the local peculiarities of the Russian language in Western Siberia during the 19th century. The information presented in this monograph makes a substantial contribution to preserving and describing Siberian written texts. It also aids in the study of dialectal differentiation of the Russian language, particularly in the realm of secondary colloquialisms and in specific territories of Western Siberia. Additionally, it helps reconstruct a comprehensive understanding of the vocabulary used during the latter half of the 19th century.

Unknown Work by Semyon Ivanovich Shakhovskoy about the Fire in the Dormition Cathedral of Veliky Ustyug

The article focuses on the previously unknown work of one of the most prolific Russian writers of the first half of the 17th century, Semyon Ivanovich Shakhovskoy. The gathering, which survived as part of a compiled collection, contains a contemporary copy of the story of a miracle that took place on the night of 2 August 1646 in the Assumption Cathedral in Veliky Ustyug: in a fire caused by an unextinguished candle, a venerated icon of the Virgin Mary survived, which became the incentive for creating the work. The story is replete with rhetorical clichés, as well as quotations from the apostolic epistles, and vividly illustrates the writing style of Shakhovskoy, who encrypted his name in the afterword to the text. The story, written by a direct witness of the event, allows us to correct the dating of the fire accepted in historiography (1631), explain the origin of the mistake and clarify the facts regarding the restructuring of the main cathedral of the city. The text of the story is presented with a simplification of the spelling of the 17th century manuscript.

Кем был в миру Патриарх Иоасаф I (1634–1640 гг.)?

The article is devoted to the patriarch Joasaphus I’s (1634–40) origin and status in worldly life. Earlier he was the abbot of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (1621–27) and the Pskov archbishop (1627–34). Joasaphus became the metropolitan after the death of Philaret (Romanov) (1619–33). The researchers noted that they had a close relationship. The only earlier known historical source informing of Joasaphus’s origin is the Chronograph of the Astrakhan archbishop Pachomius (mid-17th century). It reports that Joasaphus was a descendant of servitors of Boyar scions (deti boyarskie). His parents’ names in religion (Julia and Bogolep) are known to researchers from the Synodic of the Cornelius Komelski monastery. The author of the article has managed to find new data. Synodic of the Yaroslavl Transfiguration of the Savior Monastery notes Joasaphus’s secular name: Ivan Borisov, son of Tonky (the Thin). The author has also established that, prior to taking his monastic vows (1609), Ivan made a donation (a 16th century manuscript) to the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius to commemorate his parents. In 1601–05 Philaret lived in this monastery in exile. Ivan’s father, Boris (Bogolep), might have lived in this monastery with him. The record of donation mentions Ivan’s status: he was a Boyar scion of the Rostov metropolitan Philaret. Considering absence of the names of Ivan and his father in the list of servitors of the Rostov metropolitan’s house (1591/92), the author supposes that Ivan had been connected with Philaret before the latter became the Rostov metropolitan. Probably he was a servitor of the Romanovs (aristocrats like Fedor Nikitich Romanov had a lot of them). Ivan might have taken the monastic vows in the Solovetsky monastery (ca. 1611-12) after his overlord Philaret had been captured by the Poles. After his returning in Moscow thanks to his relationship with Philaret, Joasaphus made a successful church career. Ivan/Joasaphus’s interest in books might have been instrumental in this. His donation to the monastery was not typical for a representative of service class people. As a rule, they donated the Gospel, Psalter, Menaion to churches and monasteries. Ivan possibly inherited his interest in books from his father. The Gift book of the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius informs that monk Bogolep (probably, the father of the future patriarch) gave no less than 6 books to the monastery in late 16th century. The research is based on the colophons, Synodics, Commemoration books of the Russian monasteries.

ОРНАМЕНТ В СИСТЕМЕ ИЛЛЮМИНИРОВАНИЯ АРМЯНСКИХ РУКОПИСНЫХ ЕВАНГЕЛИЙ

The paper considers the functional and artistic features, the role of ornament in the system of illumination of the Armenian manuscript Gospels. In view of the fact that the Four Gospels were also used as Lectionaries and Aprakos Gospels, the Armenian scribes and miniaturists introduced new design elements into the manuscripts, different from the Byzantine tradition, which visually marked the beginning of the readings. Ornaments were used primarily for this purpose, performing the extremely important functions of subdividing the text. The ornament is present in each of the six structural components of the illumination system, shaping them: in the chorans (in the Epistle of Eusebius and the canons/tables of concordance); in title pages (in headpieces, initials and right marginalia, in letters of the text); in the portraits of the evangelists; under the headings of readings-pericopes; in decorative and narrative marginalia next to rubrics; in full-page and text miniatures. Thus, the ornament became the “lymph” of the artistic organism of the Armenian manuscript book, defining its unity and integrity.

Neo-Gnosticism and the American Dissident Right

Neo-Gnosticism and the American Dissident Right

Good Autoethnography

Good Autoethnography

Dogs of lust, loyalty, and ingratitude in the Early Modern manuscript painting of Robinet Testard

Abstract Robinet Testard, the court illuminator from 1484 to 1531 for Count Charles of Angoulême (d. 1496) and Louise of Savoie (d. 1531), had an artistic career extending from the era of the handwritten book into the age of printing and graphic media. His embrace of these new technologies included pasting in and coloring the twelve single-leaf Large Passion cycle engravings of Israel van Meckenem into a manuscript book of hours (Paris, BnF, lat. 1173) that he was illustrating for Charles, a practice that allows us to see how he chose to enhance certain details and even add new ones that radically altered the meaning of the scene. In many of his illuminations done for the Valois couple, Testard had enjoyed adding dogs to scenes both to appeal generally to the contemporary fashion for dogs in scenes of courtly domestic life and to express his own moral and religious convictions on the topics of sexual license or marital fidelity. In the BnF hours of Charles of Angoulême, however, we see these dogs put to a new use. In Testard’s reworking of the Apostle Peter’s denial of Jesus in the Interrogation before Annas print and in the Crowning with Thorns print (with a subtext of the biblical Malchus’ failure to acknowledge Jesus’ miraculous healing of his severed ear), we can see how Testard brilliantly reworks existing dogs though color, expression, and body language to express his disapproval of religious ingratitude.

Еще раз о третьем сиро-тюркском фрагменте из Хара-Хото

The article devoted to study of the fragment (so-called third Syro-Turkic fragment) of a Syrian Christian book from Khara-Khoto (the capital of the Tangut kingdom) written in Turkic language in Syriac script, which comes from the Turks who adopted Christianity from the Syrians in the XIII-XIV centuries in the region of the lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan).This article analyses the fragment of a Christian manuscript book written in Turkic language in Syriac script from Khara-Khoto (so-called the third Syro-Turkic fragment). The author proposes a clarification of the translation of the text of this manuscript. In particular, the author gives a different translation of the word bitik, relying on the other Christian texts in Turkic languages of the 13th-14th centuries, where this word means Holy Scripture, Gospel, Bible. According to the author, this is confirmed by the data in the Karachay-Balkari language, in which this meaning of bitik has its roots in the early Middle Ages and it is associated probably with the activity of Christian missions among the North Caucasian Huns and Alans and the first translation of the Gospel into the Hunnic language in 534. The article provides a brief history of the Christian community among the Turks of Central Asia, who used the Syriac script for writing books and tombstones in Turkic language. After a careful study of the Syro-Turkic fragment the author concludes that it is part of a Christian Syriac book written in the Turkic language.

Simono Daukanto 1846‑ųjų Pasakų Fedro rankraščio ir spaudinio ortografija

T H E ORTHOGRAPHY OF BOTH MANUSCRIPT AND PRINTED BOOK (1846) OF SIMONAS DAUKANTAS’S LITHUANIAN TRANSLATION OF THE FABLES OF PHAEDRUS Simonas Daukantas prepared two manuscripts of his Lithuanian translation of the Fables of Phaedrus: one in the first half of 1836 (PaP), and another ten years later in about the first half of 1846 (PaPhr). Daukantas exploited two different orthographic tactics in tapping the first manuscript (PaP) as the source for the second one (PaPhr): (1) either to substitute older orthographic peculiarities for his own more recently introduced spelling equivalents (more frequent approach), or (2) just to keep them (more seldom).

Devotional Poetry, Exceptional Calligraphy, Charming Manuscript

The Middle Eastern manuscript collection of Baillieu Library, the University of Melbourne, is custodian to a very fine 19th century manuscript of Haft-Band (Seven Strophes) by the 14th century devotional poet Mullā Ḥassan Kāshī. This illuminated manuscript is most probably of Indian origin. It is penned in superb Nasta’liq script by Muḥammad Amir Raẓavi/Riẓvi in the age of 95. The volume begins with an attractive sarlowḥ, and concludes with a beautiful colophon and an additional interesting page at the end of the manuscript. Subjects discussed in this paper are arranged under nine headings. After a brief ‘Introduction,’ a short passage is allocated to the significance of number seven under ‘Symbolism of Seven and the Haft-Band Genre.’ A concise biography of the poet, his beautiful mausoleum, and the importance of his Haft-Band are discussed under ‘Ḥassan Kāshī’. ‘A Mystical Dream’ provides an insight into a chain of historical events that were inspired and initiated by the poet’s stunning dream, which eventually led to the wide acceptance of the Haft-Band. Before Kāshī, the genre of madḥ (praise) was almost exclusively dedicated to kings and rulers for a reward. Kāshī transformed the trend of praise poetry by shifting the focus of the praise. This matter is discussed under ‘From Praising Kings to Religious Devotion.’ A glimpse of Kāshī’s genius mind and poetic mastery is presented under ‘Seven Openings & Seven Closings’. The next heading, ‘About the Manuscript’ provides an analytical study of the manuscript, from codicological perspectives. ‘Scribe and Colophon’ and ‘A Stunning Ending’ are titles of passages dedicated to introducing the old scribe’s world and his personal poetic taste.

Preservasi naskah kuno pada Yayasan Sastra Lestari berbasis digital

Manuscripts or commonly known as ancient manuscripts are one of the cultural heritage in the form of writing. In the past, ancient manuscripts were written using palm leaves, animal skins, paper, and even stone. When viewed from their physical form, ancient manuscripts are indeed more susceptible to damage due to their fragile nature when compared to other cultural heritages. Factors that can cause damage to ancient manuscripts include physical factors, chemical factors, user ignorance, natural disasters, vandalism, illegal buying and selling of manuscripts, damage by rodents (harmful insects, rats, and rodents), humidity factors, and so forth. Therefore, it is necessary to have activities or processes to be able to preserve ancient manuscripts, namely preservation. One of the preservation efforts to preserve ancient manuscripts is using digitization (the activity of converting ancient manuscripts into digital texts). Yayasan Sastra Lestari is an independent non-profit organization since 1997 that has been engaged in the rescue, preservation, and dissemination of regional literary works of the archipelago from ancient manuscripts to digital-based manuscripts and websites. Based on this background, the purpose of this study is to find out how the manuscript preservation process by Yayasan Sastra Lestari is digital-based and website-based. In addition, this study also aims to find out the challenges, opportunities, and future of Yayasan Sastra Lestari in efforts to preserve digital manuscripts. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The method of data collection was done through observation and previous research. Observations were made through the official website of the Yayasan Sastra Lestari, which is located at www.sastra.org. The results showed that the digitization process of Yayasan Sastra Lestari went through two major stages, namely pre-digitalization which focused on transliteration and media transfer, and the post-digitization stage in the form of disseminating ancient manuscript information through the website. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and future faced by Yayasan Sastra Lestari emphasize the external role (academics, teachers, scientists, communities, and others) in improving the quality of digital manuscript preservation.