Mixture Of Manure Research Articles

From Seed to Sod: Investigating the Role of Growing Media in Turf Grass Germination for Premium Sod Quality

Aims: Our study aimed to address the low seed germination potential in turf grasses by using cost-effective growing media. The study was conducted at experimental farm of department of floriculture and landscaping in the year 2021-2022 in two experiments conducted during both the years in February-March. Three different cost-effective growing media; garden soil (T1), mixture of garden soil and leaf manure (2:1) (T2) and mixture of sand and leaf manure (2:1) (T3) were filled in growing trays and then seeds of four cool season turf grasses (perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, creeping bentgrass and creeping red fescue) were sown thinly in respective media. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design including 3 replications and daily germination counts were taken till 15 days. Data recorded was analysed using OPSTAT software and critical difference was calculated at 5% level of significance. The study highlights the superiority of 2:1 ratio garden soil and leaf manure for better germination attributes. This medium significantly reduces germination time, enhances seedling attributes, and proves optimal for achieving maximum seedling vigor which can contribute subsequently to uniform sod establishment.

Direct Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emission Rates From Manure Management in Different Livestock Production Systems in Cameroon

ABSTRACTDirect measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from the increasingly intensified African livestock production are important to assess locally available mitigation strategies. As such, measurements were conducted from March to June using static flux chambers to quantify the emission rates of CH4, N2O, and CO2 from manure in poultry and pig production systems in Cameroon. Emissions were measured from two layer barns, two pig facilities, six broiler farms, and one farm with Brahman birds. Mean emission factors inside two layer barns were 0.06–0.21 and 602–958 mg animal−1 h−1 for CH4 and CO2, respectively, and 21–112 µg animal−1 h−1 for N2O. Mean emission factors inside four broiler barns with wood shavings as bedding material were 0.31–1.22 and 355–1884 mg animal−1 h−1 for CH4 and CO2, respectively, and 2.33–1052 µg animal−1 h−1 for N2O. Broiler N2O emissions were 971.38 ± 250.23 and 26.14 ± 30.27 µg animal−1 h−1 from manure underneath a meshed floor barn and a shelter with bare soil, respectively. Emissions from a storage tank with wastewater from a piggery were 8.30 ± 7.36 and 40.41 ± 5.54 mg m−2 min−1 for CH4 and CO2, respectively, and 2.80 ± 1.67 µg m−2 min−1 for N2O. Mean emissions from two outdoor storages of a mixture of poultry and pig manure were 0.76–0.9 and 69–136 mg m−2 min−1 for CH4 and CO2, respectively, and 10–15 µg m−2 min−1 for N2O. Emissions depended highly on manure production and management systems. CH4 emissions were lower from poultry compared to pig manure. Younger layers emitted higher CH4 compared to older layer hens. CH4 emissions were higher from slurry compared to solid manure, whereas N2O emissions were higher from solid compared to slurry manure storages. These findings indicate that mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions should depend not only on the type of gases and manure management systems but also on the animal types and their ages.

Bioaugmentation strategies in co-composting anaerobically digested food waste with agricultural by-products: Enhancing fertilizer quality and microbial communities.

Effective management of urban solid waste is critical for achieving sustainable development goals. One key aspect of this challenge is the recycling of anaerobically digested residues from anaerobic digestion of food waste, which plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainability. However, there is a gap in understanding the feasibility and effectiveness of converting these digested residues into valuable fertilizers through composting. Addressing this gap, the present study explored the potential of composting anaerobically digested residue and evaluated the quality of the co-compost products. In this study, we investigated the composting process using a mixture of rice straw, food waste, sheep manure and mature composted residues (RFM group) alongside the anaerobically digested residues. The results demonstrated that the composting process quickly reached the thermophilic stage, during which NH+4-N concentrations increased and C/N ratio decrease. The RFM group exhibited the highest humic acid content compared to other groups. Additionally, microbial analysis revealed key species such as Clostridium, Moheibacter, Bacillus, Thermobacillus, and Pseudogracilibacillus as major contributors to the composting process. The germination index (GI) test indicated that the co-composted residues were non-toxic to plants, suggesting their suitability as a fertilizer. All these works indicated that the addition of rice straw, food waste, and mature composted residues to anaerobically digested materials significantly enhanced the composting process, resulting in a high-quality co-compost. This approach not only provided a promising method for recycling food waste but also contributed to the broader goal of sustainable solid waste management.

Efficient plant regeneration in arrowroot (Maranta arundinacae L.) for mass multiplication and in vitro germplasm conservation

Arrowroot is a tuber crop gaining global importance as a potential source of high-quality natural starch, cultivated throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study aimed to standardize an efficient micropropagation protocol for rapid mass multiplication and in vitro germplasm conservation of arrowroot. Among the genotypes evaluated, the number of shoots per explant was highest (2.40) in the genotype M7 and was on par with M4 (2.21). Maximum regeneration was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The average number of shoots per explant (4.17±1.40), shoot length (3.78±0.37 cm) and number of leaves (6.92±2.23) were recorded maximum on the same medium. Whereas, the addition of TDZ at varying concentrations and combinations to the MS medium was found to be inhibitory to in vitro regeneration. Rooting of regenerated shoots was achieved on MS basal medium devoid of plant growth regulators. The regenerants were successfully acclimatized on a sterile mixture of soil, sand and farmyard manure at a 1:1:1 ratio before transferring to the main field.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOCHAR RESIDUE COMPOSITION AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON CAULIFLOWER CROPS

Degraded soil that loses many nutrients becomes unproductive and is therefore less suitable for agriculture. One of the efforts to improve degraded soil is by adding organic materials, such as biochar and cow manure. Biochar as a soil ameliorant has been proven to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. When combined with manure, plants production will be much more optimal. This study aims to study the effects of biochar residue and cow manure in the second planting season on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants in paddy fields. The study was conducted in August - October 2023 in Lowokwaru District, Malang City. The study used a 1-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) which was a mixture of biochar residue and cow manure consisting of 7 treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (100% cow manure), P2 (100% biochar), P3 (80% biochar: 20% cow manure), P4 (60% biochar: 40% cow manure), P5 (40% biochar: 60% cow manure), P6 (20% biochar: 80% cow manure). Based on the results of the study, the treatment of biochar residue and cow manure had a positive effect on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants. The treatment of 60% biochar residue: 40% manure (P4) was the best treatment for harvest results, namely the best crop and leaf weight of 485.89 g, crop weight of 274.11 g and harvest yield of 7.57 tons/ha compared to the control of 5.54 tons/ha.

Processing Horse and Cow Manure Waste in the Production of Fertilizer and Biogas at Flores Bajawa Agricultural College

Horses and cows have long been domesticated animals in Indonesia, one of which is at the Flores Bajawa Agricultural College. Horse and cow manure, which are solid waste products generated from metabolism, can generally pollute the environment, so they need to be processed. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the utilization of horse and cow manure waste in the production of manure fertilizer and biogas. Manure is usually made from liquid or solid livestock waste mixed with food scraps, which will later function as humus. Biogas is a gas produced from organic waste such as animal and human manure stored in an airtight environment. The purpose of this research is to understand the utilization and processing of horse and cow manure waste into fertilizer and biogas. The methods used in this research are observation and experimentation. Fertilizer is made from a mixture of horse and cow manure. Meanwhile, biogas from horse and cow manure is produced with three treatments and various fermentation periods of 7, 14, and 21 days. One way to process horse and cow manure waste is to convert it into organic fertilizer and biogas. The fertilizer and biogas that have been produced are used to enrich agriculture and also as a source of fuel. The longer the fermentation time of the fertilizer and biogas, the better the nutrient content of the fertilizer and the greater the volume of gas produced in the biogas production process.

Potential of composting food waste using sheep and bat manure with open windrow method at IPB Darmaga Campus

Abstract Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) is one of the educational institutions in Indonesia that also has a role in generating solid waste. Food waste production amounted to 379.55 kg per day from the total amount of solid waste at IPB Darmaga Campus. Food waste that is only collected at the Cikabayan Sorting House and not processed further can pollute the environment. Therefore, processing with composting is needed. The research aims to analyze the characteristics and quality of compost, determine the best composition of compost, and analyze the potential in reducing food waste at IPB Darmaga Campus from processing food waste with a mixture of animal manure (sheep and bats) and Bio-Hara Plus activator. Composting was carried out aerobically with the open windrow method for eight weeks. Six compost variations were made with the addition of materials in the campus environment that were given the same treatment. The results showed that the characteristics and quality of compost such as colour, volume, temperature, pH, moisture content, C-Organic, N-Total, and C/N ratio were in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004. The best compost quality was found in variation F3 and F1 (four and eight weeks) and potential to reduce 4% (F3) and 43% (F1) food waste at IPB Darmaga Campus.

Application of a Mixture of Rabbit Fertilizer and Manure on Several Varieties of Chilli (Capsicum Frutescens L.) on Plant Growth And Yield

This research aims to obtain the best mixture of rabbit fertilizer with manure and the response to the best chili varieties. This research is a factorial experiment, with a basic randomized block design (RAK) with 2 factors being tried. The first factor with 3 levels: K 0 = no manure, K 1 = rabbit manure + cow manure, K 2 = rabbit manure + chicken manure. Second factor with 3 chili varieties: V1= Rawita, V2= Ori 212, V3= Caliber and repeated 3 times. K1 gave the highest value for the fresh weight of harvested fruit per plant, namely 250.63 g. The Caliber V3 variety gave the highest value for the fresh weight of harvested fruit per plant, namely 252.87 g.

Biochar from residues of anaerobic digestion and its application as electrocatalyst in Zn–air batteries

BackgroundBiochar, the product obtained by pyrolysis of biomass, is a new eco-friendly material with excellent properties and many promising applications. Among them it can be used as cathode in Zn-air batteries with very satisfactory results MethodsThe residue was obtained by anaerobic digestion of a mixture of corn silage (10%), malt (10%), and cattle manure (80%), aiming to biogas production. It was first freeze–dried and then it was subjected to pyrolysis up to 800oC. Significant findingsThe biochar was physicochemically characterized. It has moderate specific surface area, sufficient sp2/sp3 ratio and metal and non–metal surface chemical species. The biochar demonstrated satisfactory electrocatalytic performance, both as oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution catalyst. When applied as electrocatalyst in Zn–air batteries it reached an open–circuit potential of 1.45 V, a short–circuit current density of 200 mA cm–2 and maximum power density of around 62 mW cm–2. Its energy density was 927 Wh kg–1, (at 20 mA), and 518 Wh kg–1 (at 100 mA). In a charge–discharge mode at 10 mA, the potential varied between 1.35 and 1.90 V. These data, show that the waste biomass can be used as inexpensive material for Zn–air batteries and offers a useful approach to combine waste management with energy storage.

Respective Advantages of Growing Different Green Manure With Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton‐Based Cropping Systems: Insights From a Three‐Year Field Study

ABSTRACTPlanting green manure to improve cash crop yield and soil health has been widely recognized, and understanding cash crop performance after green manure integration is pivotal for determining its potential to bolster and enhance crop productivity and sustainable production. However, it is unclear whether the effects of different types of green manure on subsequent cash crops are uniform. In order to clarify this issue, we systematically analyzed the effects of green manure types and nitrogen (N) application rates on succeeding cotton agronomic performance, yield, biomass, yield stability, and nutrient uptake. A split‐plot experiment with two factors was designed, main factor includes four cover cropping systems monoculture cotton (MC), February orchid/cotton cover cropping (FoC), hairy vetch/cotton cover cropping (HvC), and a mixture of February orchid and hairy vetch/cotton cover cropping (FHC), and sub‐main factor include four N application levels (0 (N0), 112.5 (N1), 168.75 (N2), and 225 (N3) kg N ha−1). Results suggests that nonlegume green manure (February orchid) accumulated more biomass, N, P, and K nutrients than the legume green manure (hairy vetch) and green manure mixture. Compared with cotton yield of MC, the FoC, HvC, and FHC system increased by 5.8%, 7.6%, and 15%, respectively. N use efficiency was more significantly influenced by the N application rates than by cropping systems. Specifically, as N application rates increased, N use efficiency decreased under MC, HvC, and FHC systems, while it increased under the FoC system. Additionally, we observed a trade‐off between cotton yield and yield stability, with the highest yield stability when cotton yield reached 2633 kg ha−1. This study provides evidence that nonlegume green manure (February orchid) with greater advantages on cotton vegetative organ growth, legume green manure (hairy vetch) can promote nutrient uptake compared to other green manure, while green manure mixture (February orchid and hairy vetch mixture) significantly increased cotton yield and yield stability. These findings provide evidence‐based insights highlighting the respective benefits of incorporating diverse species of green manure into cotton‐based cropping systems in the Yellow River Basin of China.

Tracing potentially toxic elements in button mushroom cultivation and environmental implications: Insights via stable lead (Pb) isotope analysis

Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have been frequently detected in substrates used for cultivating edible mushrooms. However, the distribution and accumulation pathways of PTEs within mushrooms and their cultivation substrates remain inadequately understood. This study specifically aims to clarify these aspects of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). A systematic analysis was conducted on the distribution of PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and stable Pb isotope fingerprints across various components of the button mushroom cultivation systems, including the cultivation substrates (a mixture of wheat straw, chicken manure, soil, and additives), fruiting bodies (MR), and spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The methodology involved inductively coupled plasma mass‒spectrometry for PTE quantification and Pb isotope ratio analysis for source identification. The results demonstrated that wheat straw and additives were the main contributors to the endogenous accumulation of PTEs in MR, accounting for 35.0% and 33.2% of Pb accumulation, respectively. Furthermore, MR, wheat straw, and soil together contributed to more than 67% of the Pb loads in SMS. The study also revealed that the occurrence of PTEs in these substrates is predominantly driven by exogenous sources, particularly the significant contribution from anthropogenic activities. Overall, these findings provide valuable biogeochemical insights into the accumulation pathways and patterns of PTEs in button mushroom cultivation systems, with potential applications for cleaner food management and environmentally sustainable practices.

Carbon‐to‐nitrogen stoichiometry of organic amendments regulates microbial biomass growth and nitrogen mineralization in soil

AbstractThe carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) ratio of organic amendments regulates nutrient cycling in soil through its influence on microbial activity. Where an organic amendment has a C:N ratio sparingly higher than that of soil microbes (C:N ratio 6.7—8.7), meeting microbial requirements of carbon and nitrogen may promote microbial biomass growth and nitrogen mineralization. Here we sought to understand the microbial response to the addition of organic amendments with varying C:N ratios and subsequent changes in nitrogen mineralization and plant nitrogen uptake. Dried insect larvae, beef feedlot manure and mixtures of beef feedlot manure with insect larvae or sugarcane residue were used as soil amendments to create a gradient of molar C:N ratios (Cm:Nm) ranging from 6 to 28. An untreated control treatment with a C:N ratio of 17 was also included. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was grown in control and organic matter amended soils for 20 days after germination. The mixture of beef feedlot manure and insect larvae treatment (Cm:Nm = 9.7) had on average 68% higher microbial biomass compared with the other treatments. Beef feedlot manure with Cm:Nm ratio of 11 did not influence microbial biomass growth. The concentration of mineral nitrogen was highest in the insect larvae (Cm:Nm = 6) treatment, where 23% of the plant nitrogen was derived from the insect larvae as indicated by the δ15N of plant dry matter. We observed both carbon and nitrogen contents in the organic amendment determine microbial biomass growth and nitrogen mineralization in soil. The results presented here demonstrate that microbial response to organic amendments determines the availability of mineral nitrogen in soil.

Organic fertilizer significantly mitigates N2O emissions while increase contributed of comammox Nitrospira in paddy soils

Nitrification is the dominant process for nitrous oxide (N2O) production under aerobic conditions, but the relative contribution of the autotrophic nitrifiers (the ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA), the ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and the comammox) to this process is still unclear in some soil types. This is particularly the case in paddy soils under different fertilization regimes. We investigated active nitrifiers and their contribution to nitrification and N2O production in a range of unfertilized and fertilized paddy soils, using 13CO2-DNA based stable isotope probing (SIP) technique combined with a series of specific nitrification inhibitors, including acetylene (C2H2), 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO). The soils had a long-term history of fertilizer application, including chemical fertilizer only, a mixture of chemical fertilizers (70 %) and chicken manure (30 %) or a mixture of rice straw and chemical fertilizers. 13CO2-DNA-SIP and Illumina MiSeq sequencing demonstrated that comammox clades A.1 and B were active nitrifiers in all fertilized paddy soils. Inhibitor experiment showed that AOB largely contributed to nitrification activity and N2O emission in all paddy soils, while comammox contribution was more significant than AOA. Fertilization considerably altered nitrifiers' relative contribution to nitrification activity and N2O emissions. Applying organic fertilizers significantly decreased the N2O emissions but increased the contribution of comammox to the process. These findings expand the functional ecological niche of comammox, revealing their nitrification role and N2O production in other ecosystems than oligotrophic habitats.

Investigation of the Composting Process of Mongolian Horse Manure Utilizing Intelligent Composting Equipment

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, known for its famous Mongolian horses, faces significant environmental challenges due to the large-scale rearing of these animals, which produces a substantial amount of manure. If not managed effectively, this manure can lead to severe environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a small-scale intelligent aeration and heating composting system is effective in treating Mongolian horse manure, with the objective of enhancing composting efficiency and resource utilization to support sustainable agricultural development in the region. The equipment was utilized to treat a compost mixture of Mongolian horse manure and corn stover, allowing for an analysis of the changes in key indicators throughout the composting process. The results demonstrated that the equipment maintained high temperatures for up to eight days during the composting process, effectively inactivating pathogens and promoting the efficient decomposition of organic matter. The system also successfully controlled humidity to 12.7% and maintained oxygen concentration within the optimal range. Post-composting analysis revealed that the final compost contained 2.3% nitrogen, 1.3% phosphorus, and 1.2% potassium, with a pH of 6.4 and conductivity of approximately 5.2 mS/cm. Additionally, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio decreased significantly from 27.3 to 15.9, indicating substantial organic matter degradation. Seed germination tests showed germination rates of 80%, 86%, and 75% for corn, mung bean, and wheat, respectively, with a final seed germination index of 104%. This study concluded that the small aeration and heating composting equipment is highly effective in treating Mongolian horse manure, producing high-quality organic fertilizers that significantly enhance soil fertility and demonstrate considerable potential for supporting sustainable agricultural practices and improving environmental management in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Green Manure Mediated Improvement in Saline Soils in China: A Meta-Analysis

The application of green manure is a traditional and valuable practice to improve the fertility of saline soil. However, the impact of environmental factors, green manure types and returning methods on the changes in soil fertility and soil salinity remain poorly quantified at a large scale. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to generate a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of green manure on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil salt content, and soil nutrients compared to bare soil in China. The results showed that compared with bare soil, green manure planting could significantly increase the SOC content of saline soil, reduce salt content, and improve the soil total nitrogen (N), soil available phosphorus (P) and soil available potassium (K) contents. On average, green manure significantly enhanced SOC by 34.82% (percentage change), soil total N by 32.23%, soil available P by 34.34% and soil available K by 17.43%, while reducing soil salt content by 47.75%, compared to bare soil. In areas with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of <10 °C or a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 200–400 mm, green manure had the largest increase in SOC, soil total N, soil available P, and soil available K. The smallest increases were observed in areas with an MAT above 15 °C and MAP greater than 800 mm. Green manure types influenced the improvement effect of green manure on saline soil. Green manure mixtures were more conducive to increases in SOC, while the increases in soil total N resulting from mixed green manure were lower in comparison to those from both legumes and non-legumes. In addition, the initial salt content, experimental years, and returning method influenced the improvement effect of green manure on saline soil. Therefore, this meta-analysis identified green manure as a promising practice for significantly improved saline soil in China.

EM4 Addition Effect with Eisenia foetida Worms on Compost Characteristics as a Soil Improver

A lot of fish waste is produced by the community, both from the marketing sector and the fisheries sector, which is caught by fishermen. Almost 35% of the fish waste produced is in the form of heads, bones, innards and also fish remains that are not the main catch which are thrown away directly. Vermicomposting is one of method to reduce the amount of fish waste. The adding of livestock manure in vermicomposting will increase the quality of compost. The purpose of this research is to analyze the compost quality with the mixture of fish waste and livestock manure. The results showed that The compost that has the best quality based on SNI 19-7030-2004 is B2 with 45% fish waste, 20% cow dung and 35% sawdust with a dose of EM4 10 ml, which has a final temperature of 29ºC, pH 7, water content 41%, C-organic 19.83%, nitrogen 1.34%, phosphorus 0.36%, potassium 1.15%, and C/N ratio 14.85. Then, after incubating the soil improvement, it was found that the addition of compost can improve the chemical characteristics of the soil according to the dose given. This indicates that compost application can affect soil quality. Soil quality that has C-organic and nitrogen content according to BPT in 2009 is with the addition of a dose of 5.2 grams of vermicompost. The shortcomings of this study are that the phosphorus and potassium levels are too high.

Study of synergistic behavior during bituminous coal-cow manure co-gasification: The role of intrinsic AAEM and organic matter

Co-thermal chemical conversion of coal and biomass is one of the important ways to realize efficient and clean utilization of coal. In this study, a typical Ningdong coal-Yangchangwan bituminous coal and cow manure were used to study the synergistic effect of intrinsic alkali, alkaline earth metals (AAEM) and organic matter on the co-gasification of coal and biomass by thermogravimetry analyzer (TG). The results showed that AAEM had obvious synergistic promotion effect on the gasification of a bituminous coal-cow manure mixture in the isothermal gasification (1000 ℃), whereas the organic matter will show the opposite effect on the process. To further investigate the effect of organic matter on the gasification process, the influence of organic matter on non-isothermal (25-1000 ℃) gasification reaction was investigated with heating rate of 10 ℃ /min, the kinetic parameters of the gasification reaction were obtained by Coats-Redfern method. The increase of biomass mass fraction in the sample facilitates the migration of alkali metals from the material to the solid phase. The possible mechanism of the synergistic effect of intrinsic AAEM/organic matter on the co-gasification process was proposed.

Optimizing Glutinous Corn Productivity through Demonstration Plots with the Application of Combined Organic Ameliorants

Sandy soil in Muncuk Karya, Ampenan, has low water retention and nutrient content, making it difficult for sticky rice farmers to meet their plants' water and nutrient needs. To overcome this challenge, research entitled "Optimizing Glutinous Corn Productivity through Demonstration Plots with the Application of Combined Organic Ameliorants" was carried out using an experimental methodology using a randomized block design involving five treatments and four replications, so that there were a total of 20 treatment plots. The treatments applied consisted of: A1 (50% cow manure + 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer), A2 (50% compost + 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer), A3 (50% fertile organic fertilizer + 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer), A4 (50% rice husk charcoal + 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer), and A5 (50% mixture of cow manure, compost, fertile organic fertilizer, and rice husk charcoal with a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 + 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer). The research results showed that the application of ameliorant, a combination of 50% cow manure and 50% mycorrhizal biofertilizer, was proven to be effective in increasing growth, plant productivity, soil nutrient concentration, plant nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal development in the soil. To increase the productivity of sticky corn plants, soil fertility, plant nutrient uptake, and mycorrhiza development, it is recommended to use this combination ameliorant application.

Techno-economic optimization of agricultural biomass to electricity supply chain network: A case study of Tunisia

The manure biogas plant is a promising technology for the future. It represents a closed-loop system that reinforces the circular economy. However, effective and viable implementation requires optimization of the entire supply chain. In this paper, a cost optimization model for manure to electricity supply chain has been developed. The model aims to determine the best configuration for the biogas plant network (Decentralized/Centralized Biogas plant), identify the optimal locations and capacities, and give a distribution plan of materials flow within the supply chain while minimizing the overall costs. The novelty of this work consists in adopting a holistic approach that addresses a multi-region, multi-period and multi-product problem which considers seasonal variation in manure availability, different manure mixtures, the physico-chemical properties of manure and the technical aspects related to the biogas plant by adapting the open source tool OSEMOSYS. The model is applied to the Tunisian case study to provide the optimal pathway to achieve the Tunisian solar plan’s target of 100MW from biogas by 2030. As a result of the optimization, the optimal network of biogas plants across 6 regions in Tunisia is identified. Our results have shown that the LCOE of generating electricity across all regions ranges between 14.2 US$ cent/kWh and 19 US$ cent/kWh. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis on two key parameters distance and capital cost is performed.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Campuran Ampas Tebu dan Kotoran Ayam terhadap Kesuburan Ultisol dan Hasil Produksi Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) merril)

Ultisol is a soil that contains low nutrients N, P and K and has the potential for Al-poisoning. Ultisol also has a low Cation Exchange Capacity, acidic soil pH and is sensitive to erosion. Improvements need to be made to increase Ultisol productivity, one of which is by adding organic ingredients. In addition to sugarcane bagasse compost, chicken manure contains many benefits because it contains a lot of organic materials that are good for the soil and plants. Increasing soybean yield is one of the priorities and can be done by utilizing Ultisol land. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of composting a mixture of bagasse and chicken manure on ultisol fertility and soybean crop production. The research method carried out is experimental by conducting initial analysis of soil samples, compost application, maintenance, harvesting, soil analysis after compost application, calculation of height and crop yield. The results obtained were that the application of mixed compost of bagasse and chicken manure did not have a real effect on soil pH, P-available and Aldd, but could increase soil pH and P-available and lower Aldd in the soil. The application of mixed compost of bagasse and chicken manure was significantly different from plant height and was very different for soybean yield with the highest crop P3 (average plant height of 84.678 cm) and the highest yield of P3 3.938 tons/ha. The recommended treatment for soybean plants is P3 treatment with a dose of 15 tons/ha.