Manufacturing Of New Type Research Articles

DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN PIPES

During production, operation, transportation, and aging of finished products, stresses occur in the pipe metal. As a rule, these residual stresses affect the quality of pipes. The presence of residual stresses in products can cause brittle fracture, cracking due to corrosion, reduced elasticity, warping, etc. The development of methods for managing residual stresses in metals and products is the realization of a powerful reserve for improving the quality of metal products, which means increasing the reliability of machinery. The question arises as to which method, convenient in production conditions, should be used to assess residual stresses. A simple and affordable method for estimating residual stresses is needed in production conditions. This paper presents a simplified method for estimating residual stresses in pipes. The purpose of the work is to improve and present a methodology for estimating tangential and axial residual stresses in cold-formed pipes and tubes after heat treatment according to the method of M.M. Davydenko. Research methods: M.M. Davydenko's method for cutting rings and cutting strips from pipes. Calculation of residual stresses. Results. The method for estimation of tangential and axial residual stresses in pipes after cold deformation and after heat treatment is improved and presented. The formulas for calculating residual stresses are given. Practical value. Pipe plants need to estimate residual stresses to develop technological processes for the manufacture of new types of pipes and to meet pipe standards. The improved and presented methodology will help manufacturers in assessing residual stresses. Conclusions. Modern methods for assessing residual stresses have been considered. A methodology for calculating tangential and axial residual stresses according to M.M. Davydenko by cutting rings and cutting strips from the metal of the studied pipes is presented. The methodology is officially registered, which allows it to be used for official assessment of pipe quality.

Simplify your practice with 3D printed space maintainer

Preventive orthodontics is an aspect of pediatric dentistry, which requires exclusive set of skills and understanding to aid the patient’s treatment and properly align teeth. The safest way to prevent future malocclusions from tooth loss is to place a space maintainer (SM), which is advocated to embrace the space until the eruption of succedaneous permanent teeth. SM manufacturing is a painstaking process that requires plentiful communication with the laboratory to suitably complete and provide the patient with optimal results. Band and loop SM is mostly indicated for the premature loss of single primary molar, but this appliance has a number of limitations. Digital technology has resulted in decreasing human errors by automating the dental model fabricating process with three‑dimensional printing. The current paper provides an insight of the use of this new technology in pediatric dentistry for manufacturing of new type of SMs and a case report

Milk-clotting and hydrolytic activities of an aspartic protease from Salpichroa origanifolia fruits on individual caseins

In recent years, many attempts have been made to find new plant proteases to make artisan cheeses. The global increase in cheese consumption, together with a lower supply and increasing cost of calf rennet, religious factors (Islam and Judaism) and food choices (vegetarianism) have led to the search for suitable rennet substitutes for milk clotting. This study describes the milk-clotting and hydrolytic activities of an aspartic protease from Salpichroa origanifolia fruits (SoAP) on individual caseins to explore its potential use as an alternative to animal rennet. The milk-clotting index obtained for SoAP was 8.4 times lower than that obtained for chymosin. SoAP showed a higher degree of hydrolysis on α-casein than on the other fractions under the proposed conditions. RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry analyses and sequencing of the hydrolysates allowed identifying five peptides from α-casein, one peptide from β-casein, and three peptides from k-casein. In silico analysis showed that the peptides identified may display a wide variety of potential biological activities. These results demonstrate the possibility of using SoAP for the manufacture of new types or artisan cheeses, with the simultaneous added value of the potential health-promoting benefits of the bioactive peptides generated during the hydrolysis.

Social housing for urban households sheltering children responsible for the "kuluna" and "black babies" phenomena in Congo Brazzaville.

Housing as a place where household members spend about half (12 hours) of their daily time, including six to eight hours in sleep, is one of the essential conditions in the fight against poverty and precariousness. The current Congolese urban environment is facing serious problems: small plots of land, lack of suitable housing in relation to the size and composition of households, overcrowding, and water and electricity supplies. This situation is becoming critical with the appearance of deviant behavior among children aged between 10 and 30. The government and its development partners have demonstrated their powerlessness face to this situation, leaving thousands of children on the streets without education or family warmth to form real criminal gangs. These street children have created the phenomena of "kuluna" and "black babies". It has been shown that these one act in this way for their survival, claiming their rights. In this study, we find innovative proposals to provide households sheltering adulterine and adoptive children with low-cost social housing, in order to restore the image of the head of the household and provide the children with a pleasant space for their physical, economic, cultural and spiritual development. This will undoubtedly help to find solutions to the problems facing children and indeed Congolese society as a whole today. The study revealed that if the government does not take practical measures in response to the phenomena created by wayward children, especially "black babies" and "kuluna", there will be a massive adherence of other children, especially the adulterine and adoptive ones. There will be a risk of the phenomena will to be exported to rural areas. The study recommends a "State - Household" partnership in the manufacture of new types of urban housing for households housing children likely to integrate or create gangs, jeopardizing social order and public security.

Поставки военной продукции казенными горными заводами Урала в первой трети XIX в: проблемы нормативно-правовой базы

The article examines the activities of public authorities to improve the procedure for manufacturing and acceptance of military products in the first third of the 19th century. The author notes that the unsatisfactory performance of military outfits by state-owned plants in the Urals, as well as numerous disputes over the rejection of metals, guns and shells between military receivers and the mining administration forced them to revise the existing laws governing acceptance of military products. There were two stages in the development of the regulatory framework for the military order. At the first stage, in 1804, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, approved by the imperial decree, a special committee was created, consisting of the leaders of Ministry of Land Forces, the Naval Ministry and the Ministry of Finance. As a result, new rules for testing and acceptance of military products were developed. Already in 1808, those rules required processing, which was handled by the Scientific Committee for the Artillery Unit of the Artillery Department. Representatives of the Mining Department were also involved in the work on improving the rules. As a result, new requirements for accepting guns and shells were developed. The second stage of improving the legislation governing the production of military products covers the 1820s – early 1830s. By the early 1820s, state-owned plants of the Urals could no longer cope with the repeatedly increasing volumes of military orders. In addition, they were charged with the manufacture of new types of military products. As a result, in 1822, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, a special committee was again created from the officials of the Artillery and Mining departments. The result of its activities was the improvement of the supply system of military products, the reduction in orders and the development of new rules for trial and acceptance of military products.

ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА ВСПЕНИВАНИЯ ОТ СРЕДНЕГО ГАРМОНИЧЕСКОГО ДИАМЕТРА ПЕНОПОЛИУРЕТАНА

Currently in Russia, great importance is attached to actual issues of energy saving and energy efficiency in construction. Valid regulations require addressing issues related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The development and manufacture of new types of effective thermal insulation materials is one of the ways to solve assigned tasks. The use of industrial waste from mining and processing plants as a filler for polyurethane foam is considered in this paper. Samples from the filtration field of the tailings of Stoilensky GOK from various sites are taken as the studied raw materials; their granulometric, chemical compositions and harmonic diameters of the filler particles are determined. According to the calculation results, the dependence of the foaming coefficient on the average harmonic diameter of the filler is determined. The experiment-planning matrix is developed; according to its results, mathematical models are constructed for the dependence of the foaming coefficient of laboratory samples of polyurethane foam filled with tails. Three tail zones based on the results of sampling are considered. Analyzing the obtained results, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the influence of each factor individually and their combination on the change in the “composition - properties” system is derived.

Hobbing Manufacturing of New Type of Involute-Helix Gears for Wind Turbine Gearbox

The involute gears are widely used in the gearbox for wind turbine. To satisfy the requirements of reduction of noise and increase of the endurance of the gear drive, the new type of involute-helix gears, which have the advantages of involute gears and circular arc gears, had been proposed. In this paper, the hobbing cutters of involute-helix gears are designed utilizing the normal section of convex and concave tooth profiles, respectively. Mathematical models of hobbing cutters are established and general products are also manufactured. Using the developed hobbing cutters, the proposed gear pair is manufactured based on the numerical control technology. Combining with the measure method of gear measuring center and the characteristic of the investigated gears, the method of error measurement of special tooth profiles is provided. The further development of special detection software for the gears will be carried out. The results will lay the foundations for the large-scale industrial practice and production applications of gear drive.

Design and manufacture of new type of non-circular cylindrical gear generated by face-milling method

Face-milling cutting method, widely used in the generation of spiral bevel gear, can also be applied to cylindrical gear fabrication. This paper, generalizing the method to non-circular gear fabrication, proposes a new curvilinear non-circular cylindrical gear type.Compared to spur non-circular gear, this new gear type has a higher contact ratio and compared to helix non-circular gear, it has a smaller axial thrust force. Besides, demonstrating a localized contact pattern, the gear is insensitive to processing and alignment errors. Furthermore, during the driving process, the gear can retain oil within the concave tooth surface, bringing better lubrication.Based on the face-milling cutting method and non-circular gear meshing theory, this paper investigates into curvilinear non-circular gear generation, including the mathematical model for design and the linkage model for manufacture.

PREPARATION OF SOME FOOD PRODUCTS FROM SOME UNTRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE SOURCES.

In this study, the manufacture of new types of untraditional agricultural sources in the Egyptian market or the global market of fruit and vegetables and plant materials with high nutritional value and variety but is not used on a commercial scale. In the beginning was the use of mint, papaya and Hibiscus of new types of jams and after sensory evaluation got samples jam papaya and and mint to accept sensory high. For this study tended to add vanilla pulp mango pulp apples to the work of the various combinations and after many sensory experiences by sensory arbitrators got seven combinations of high results of the evaluation of sensory high, namely, (jam Hibiscus, mint jam and jam with papaya mango pulp ratio of 25%). The analysis of the raw materials used in the study is chemically and nutritionally the results showed the increase of these raw materials, vitamins and minerals and contain a percentage of protein and high content of carbohydrates. Three were analyzing samples prepared from non-traditional jam nutritionally and then these mixtures microbiology to study the safety evaluated by sensory evaluation and found to be safe from the microbiological. It was an experiment the jam with a concentration of 62 Brix manufactured u was used in the rest of the study, therefore, was three mixtures manufactured in this way were chemically and nutritionally analyzed and Microbiology. It was measure the rheological properties the results of the analysis rheileology that all selected mixtures behave non-Newton behaviour pseudo plastic with stress subordination has been studying the effect of temperature on the strength of these mixtures and found that heat a large effect on the strength of these foods has been the activation energy account and through these tests found These mixtures are of a good and proper strength.

Physico‐chemical characterization of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes and their potential application to the manufacture of new types of phosphate‐based fertilizers

AbstractThe aim of this review is to describe the main physicochemical characteristics of diverse types of humic‐metal‐phosphate acid complexes. The effects of these complexes on phosphorus (P) fixation in soils with different pH values and physicochemical features and on plant phosphorus uptake are also discussed. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes have apparent stability constants in the same range as those of metal‐humic complexes, in solutions with diverse pH and ionic‐strength values. Likewise, the molecular‐size distribution of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes as a function of pH is similar to that of potassium or sodium humates and metal‐humic complexes. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase plant growth and phosphate uptake. Phosphorus fertilizers containing humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes proved to be efficient to improve plant growth and P uptake with respect to conventional fertilizers such as single superphosphate. The values of parameters related to plant phosphorus‐utilization efficiency (PUt E) suggest that the regulation of root acquisition of phosphate from these complexes could involve the interregulation of a system for the optimization of metabolic P utilization in the shoot and another system involving stress responses of roots under phosphorus deficiency.

The potential of advanced textiles for fabric formwork

A cross-discipline group funded by EPSRC Limesnet, discusses ‘Structural woven formwork’ from a textile perspective, where the adoption of more sophisticated textile construction enables manufacture of new types of flexible and embedded fabric formworks for potential use in the construction industry, including fibre systems for reinforcing building components, containment structures and layered geo-textiles. In-filled with concrete, aggregate or earth, new formwork fabrics are designed with anisotropic properties to provide enhanced structural performance, permeability and surface finish compared with commercial off-the-shelf fabrics. Dual-function fabrics are introduced that provide permanent formwork through the use of robust internal woven reinforcement and cavity systems to enhance strength. Matched with specific formwork casting and construction methods, these structures could enhance and progress the scope, scale and performance of current formwork, or enable new structures that are currently difficult to achieve. The developments provide key pointers for the progression of the discipline and automation of the process.

Application of WS<sub>2</sub> in Solid Lubricant Coating for Metal

WS2 has excellent tribological properties; it is emerging of lubricating materials. MoS2 is commonly used solid lubricants and wide range of applications, but its poor heat resistance. WS2 can well make up for the inadequate performance of the MoS2, but uses it as a solid lubricant in performance research on metallic materials. By friction and wear testing, the paper gets feasibility analysis of the application that WS2 instead of MoS2 in the field of solid lubrication, while exploring the synergies between them, laying the foundations for the manufacture of new types of composite lubrication coatings.

Survival of ceramic bearings in total hip replacement after high-energy trauma and periprosthetic acetabular fracture

Surgeons remain concerned that ceramic hip prostheses may fail catastrophically if either the head or the liner is fractured. We report two patients, each with a ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement who sustained high-energy trauma sufficient to cause a displaced periprosthetic acetabular fracture in whom the ceramic bearings survived intact. Simultaneous fixation of the acetabular fracture, revision of the cementless acetabular prosthesis and exchange of the ceramic bearings were performed successfully in both patients. Improved methods of manufacture of new types of alumina ceramic with a smaller grain size, and lower porosity, have produced much stronger bearings. Whether patients should be advised to restrict high-impact activities in order to protect these modern ceramic bearings from fracture remains controversial.

유산균주의 종류에 따른 쌀 첨가 요구르트의 발효 특성

The objective of this experiment was to select the best strain of lactic acid bacteria for the manufacture of new type of yogurt with rice powders. Changes in pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, viscosity, organic acid contents, carbohydrates during fermentation were monitored and sensory evaluation were examined. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powders and L. salivarius ssp. salivarius culture did not reach pH 4.5, because the production of acids in this media for the culture was weak. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powder with L. casei, the pH was low and the titratable acidity was high, and therefore the quality of yogurt after 8 hours from fermentation was not high. The yogurt added with 4% rice or skim milk powders with a mixed culture of B. longum, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus was considered best for achieving pH 4.5 and titratable acidity of 1.0 % from 8 to 14 hours. The yogurt with a mixed culture had more acetic acid. Galactose was accumulated when L. salivarius ssp. salivarius or the mixed culture were used for fermenting yogurt. In sensory evaluation, the yogurt with the mixed culture received high overall sensory score. From these results, a mixed culture of B. longum, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus was identified as the best for the manufacture of yogurt added with rice powder.