Manufacturing Industry In Turkey Research Articles

Fostering supply chain agility by prominent enablers’ identification and developing conceptual modeling based on the ISM-MICMAC approach

PurposeToday’s marketplace has witnessed intense competitive pressures and high levels of uncertainty and disruption. Therefore, supply chains require agility to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage and cope with uncertainties as well as disruptions. Although a wide range of studies exists on supply chain agility (SCA) from the perspective of antecedents or consequences, there is little research on the investigation of enablers of SCA and their relations among them. Furthermore, the literature has investigated proactive and reactive enablers for enhancing SCA, but most studies have not sufficiently framed their analysis of both aspects synchronically. This paper aims to find out the interrelationships among the proactive and reactive enablers for enhancing SCA.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review has been conducted to identify SCA enablers and a Delphi study has been performed to elucidate SCA enablers in the manufacturing industry in Turkey. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) has been used to identify the contextual relationship among the SCA enablers, and the model has been validated based on Matriced Impact Croises Multiplication Appliquee a un Classement (MICMAC) analysis.FindingsOn theoretical and practical levels, the proposed ISM model in this study can help organizations analyze and interpret interrelationships among enablers of SCA. For managers, it can provide better insights and understanding of the facilitators of SCA to enhance the effectiveness of the supply chain and cope with uncertainties and turbulence. According to results, enhancing “supply and demand side competency”, “delivery speed” and “strategic sourcing” are the most significant enablers of SCA.Originality/valueThe study extends the existing literature related to the enablers of SCA by modeling the proactive and reactive enablers of SCA based on the Al Humdan et al. (2020) classification. Arranging the enablers of SCA in a hierarchy and classifying the enablers into different levels with the help of the ISM-MICMAC approach is an exclusive effort to achieve successful management of the supply chain.

Analyzing sustainable reverse logistics capability and triple bottom line: the mediating role of sustainability culture

PurposeTo overcome the various pressures related to the environmental damage raised by production processes, enhancing sustainable reverse logistics (SRL) capability is a new road for manufacturing companies, as it facilitates them to have more sustainable operations by increasing different performance outputs. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the SRL capability and the triple bottom line (TBL) i.e. economic, social and environmental performance in the context of Turkey's manufacturing industry. The mediating role of sustainability culture has also been examined.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data obtained from the Turkish manufacturing industry, the partial least square path modeling technique of structural equation modeling has been applied to test the research hypothesis.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the SRL capability generates not only outstanding environmental and economic gains but also social benefits. The authors also find that sustainability culture is positively associated with environmental and social performance, yet not economic performance. In addition, the findings indicate sustainability culture mediates the relationship between SRL capability and social performance.Originality/valueThis study expands the frontier of managerial knowledge by highlighting the importance of SRL capability for sustainability and exhibiting evidence of the business value of enhancing SRL capability and sustainability culture.

The Relationships among Employee Empowerment, Corporate Repututation, and Firm Performance: Research in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the mutual relationships among an empowerment climate, psychological empowerment, corporate repututation, and firm performance. Theoretical framework – This paper builds on the literature on empowerment and corporate reputation to propose a comprehensive research model to examine how corporate repututation and firm performance are shaped by empowerment practices. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the objective of the study, the partial least squares approach and bootstrapping re-sampling method were used to test the hypotheses. A survey was carried out to collect data from 225 employees of the manufacturing industry in Turkey. Findings – The findings support the positive impact of an empowerment climate on psychological empowerment. In addition, an empowerment climate appears to be a variable that strongly increases both corporate reputation and firm performance. Furthermore, the results reveal that perceived corporate reputation is positively associated with both financial and non-financial performance. Practical & social implications of the research – This research provides an important contribution by showing how macro-level empowerment practices such as an empowerment climate influence micro-level feelings of empowerment such as psychological empowerment and that both, in turn, are related to corporate reputation and firm performance. Originality/value – This research provides an important contribution by showing how macro-level empowerment practices such as an empowerment climate influence micro-level feelings of empowerment such as psychological empowerment and that both, in turn, are related to perceived corporate reputation and firm performance.     Keywords: empowerment climate, psychological empowerment, corporate reputation, firm performance.

The effects of psychosocial factors on occupational accidents: a cross-sectional study in the manufacturing industry in Turkey

Objectives. Looking at death statistics in workplaces, occupational health and safety (OHS) is indisputably one of the most important problems of society. Considering that the existing measures are insufficient to reduce deaths, it is essential to look at the prevention of occupational accidents/diseases with an interdisciplinary approach and to employ new perspectives in order to develop new methods. The aim of this study is to determine whether psychosocial risks are perceived as an accident factor by employees and to bring the concept of psychosocial accident factors into a discussion. Methods. The survey technique is used as a data collection tool for this study. The questionnaire has 33 questions. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results. The study showed that employees who had an accident perceived psychosocial factors as an important accident factor. Conclusions. Studies on causes of accidents at work are generally based on a single dimension, such as environmental conditions and/or faults of employees. There is almost no focus on the reasons for the misbehaviors of employees. Psychosocial factors are not taken into account or neglected, but results show that providing psychosocial support and/or psychological counseling services in workplaces may be effective in reducing accidents.

Relationship between Loans and Export in Turkey: Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Banks

Financial flows have a potential to influence the economic activity and exports. In this study, causality relationships between both total loans and medium-long term loans and exports were investigated by the Toda-Yamamoto method for various exporting manufacturing industries in Turkey for the period 2006-2019. Although the share of funds directed to the real sector and production is low for Islamic banks, the loans supplied by Islamic banks have a stronger causal effect on exports compared to conventional banks.

A qualitative study on industry 4.0 competitiveness in Turkey using Porter diamond model

Purpose: Industry 4.0 offers a new network approach by using advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and for manufacturing industries in particular. This paper analyzes the understandings of heavy manufacturing industry in Turkey about the concept of Industry 4.0 as well as its significance of in nation’s competitiveness. The study applies in Porter’s Diamond Model as a framework in order to provide a dynamic view of Industry 4.0 in nation’s competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach: The results of semi structured interviews are examined in the framework and common understandings are compared with existing literature.Findings: The analysis indicates that, the heavy manufacturing companies are aware of the topic of Industry 4.0 in general in terms of its definition, future aspects and possible benefits and challenges. It has been observed that factor conditions (labor and capital) are the most important aspects which affect development of Industry 4.0 competitiveness in Turkey. Although the country is still in initial stage on its competitive position; the effects of the government and some chances might increase its competitiveness in the future.Originality/value: Regarding different research on Industry 4.0, this paper gives an insight in development path of Industry 4.0 competitiveness especially for the developing countries. There is still lack of empirical research on nations’ competitiveness on Industry 4.0; therefore, this paper deepens the concept for further research and action plans for the path of competitiveness.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN TURKEY

We test the compensating wage differentials hypothesis for the manufacturing industry in Turkey using occupational injury data from the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and wage data from Household Labor Force Surveys, for the 2013-2017 period. First, we estimate a standard hedonic wage equation for the fatal and non-fatal injury risk. In conformity with the standard CWD hypothesis we find a positive relation between occupational risks and wage however after controlling for industry effects, the relation becomes insignificant. For an alternative estimation, we use a two-step procedure. Besides an insignificant and negative effect of risk, poor working conditions are associated with lower wages for the male population, which suggest a segmented labor market. .

İşsizlik ve Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Türk İmalat Sanayi Örneği

The aim of the study is to examine the short and the long-run relationship between the unemployment and the manufacturing industry in Turkey for the period between 2005:Q and 2017:Q4. For this purpose, firstly the combined cointegration technique, which is developed by Bayer and Hanck (2012), is applied to reveal the long-run relationship. For the short run relationship, on the other hand, the symmetric and the asymmetric causal relationships among the variables are investigated using the Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006) and Hatemi-J (2012) methods. The findings show that the variables are not cointegrated. In other words, there is no long-run relationship between the unemployment rate and the manufacturing industry growth. According to the symmetric causality test of Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006), no causality is detected. However, Hatemi-J (20012) asymmetric causality test suggests that there is only one unidirectional causality. The direction of the causality is from the negative shocks of the unemployment rate to the negative shocks of the manufacturing industry. The results support the jobless growth phenomenon for the manufacturing sector in Turkey.

A statistical study of occupational accidents in the manufacturing industry in Turkey

One of the most important field of economy is manufacturing. The highest number of occupational accidents occurs in manufacturing. In Turkey, more than half of these accidents occur in this field (56% in 2012). This study aims to identify the contributory factors of such accidents and examine the relationship between Lost Work Days (LWD), Post-Accident State (PAS) and Type of Accidents (TA) using data mining, correspondence analysis and chi-square test. The analyses have shown the most frequently encountered TA is “pressing of the body or members between two objects” and its predictors are Sector, Size, and Age, Experience, Hours Day. This type of accident is most likely to occur in sector 25 (manufacture of fabricated metal product, except machinery and equipment), with a higher likelihood for the businesses with fewer than 500 employees and in the employees aged less than 40. As a result, the incapability of work is found to be as a period of 30–59 days. Consequently, it is recommended that higher premium ratios should be imposed to urge the businesses to take measures and supervision practices by the social security supervisors should be more frequent.

Technological Change in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: The Case of Gaziantep City

:Ensuring competition in global economy, the production of high value products within the country and the reduction of current budget deficit; in other words, increasing the output of industries manufacturing intermediate goods and end products, which have high import dependency, are major targets of Turkey. The state of technological infrastructure of manufacturing industry in the country as well as the process of change that the industry undergoes are essential for the realization of these targets. New technologies play an important role in the competitiveness and economic development of cities, region and the country in the international market. In particular, the use of new technologies in manufacturing industry and companies’ capacity for innovation are prerequisites for businesses to enter a tougher competition in the global economy as well as for cities and countries to persevere on the larger scale. In this respect, the main purpose of this study is to examine the technological transformation of the manufacturing industry in Gaziantep, which is positioned in the top five among Turkey's exports and employs a considerable work force, in comparison to the technological change experienced by the manufacturing industry in Turkey. In the study, the technological level of manufacturing industry in Turkey and the technological change process of manufacturing industry in Gaziantep are presented between 2009-2016 with key indicators. The findings of this study reveal that the current level of technology the city of Gaziantep manufacturing industry has had is far behind the level Turkish manufacturing industry has reached.

Regional and structural analysis of the manufacturing industry in Turkey

The geography of the manufacturing industry has been changing due to technological development, flexible production and reducing transportation costs regarding the new specialization and distribution process in the world. While manufacturing production has been moving from developed countries to the relatively less developed ones, which have become the emerging economies over the last two decades, the concentration of these activities within the countries has always received the attention of researchers. On the other hand, not only the geographical shift but also structural shifts have increasingly been an important phenomenon of the twenty-first century. It is known that the level of technology and innovation makes a significant contribution to regional economic development. Determinants of manufacturing agglomerations have created a wide literature based on different empirical studies. Moreover the structural changes of industry need to be investigated regarding the spatial agglomerations. The aim of this paper is to explore how the factors of manufacturing agglomerations have differentiated due to the technological level across the country. Furthermore, we assume that the agglomeration mechanism is likely to vary across the space. Therefore, we have run both global and local regression models based on the employment data of the 81 NUTS III level regions (provinces) of Turkey in 2012. The results point out that the factors of agglomerations are different in the east and west provinces, while GWR has significantly improved global results.

THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING ON FIRM PERFORMANCE THROUGH PRODUCT INNOVATION

Innovation is a new and wide scoped subject not only for the field of social science, but also research in various fields associated with creativity and ingenuity. Organizational learning has also been a hotspot research subject which has been analysed and put profound importance upon in order to boost firm performance. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational learning and firm performance through the mediating effects of product innovation. In this study, 295 middle and senior managers are selected from firms which are conducting manufacturing industries in Turkey. The collected date is analysed using SPSS 22 statistical package software. The following results are found: product innovation plays mediating effects on the relations between organizational learning and firm performance.

Intra Industry Trade and R&D Intensity: An Empirical Assessment for Turkey

Intra industry trade reflects monopolistic competition amongst industries, hence shows economics of scale in the economy. In this paper, a different framework put forth for estimating to monopolistic competition, intra industry trade within R&D framework for the 14 subsections of the manufacturing industry in Turkey between 1990 and 2010. Obtained results show that intra-industry trade supported by R&D intensity growth in the lagged term in Turkey between 1990 and 2010.

Examining the Asymmetric Behavior across the Phases of Capacity Utilization Rates in Turkey

This is the first study that explicitly models and characterizes the asymmetric state dependent dynamics of the Turkish capacity utilization rates of the manufacturing industry. The analysis employs hidden Markov models to the mean and variance that are robust to potential structural breaks. The model parameters are estimated using EM algorithm together with the nonlinear filter to provide the maximum likelihood estimates without imposing any a priori restrictions on model parameters and infer the states through statistical estimation. The results reveal nonlinearity, determine the number of regimes and identify the nonlinear heteroscedasticity across different phases. The paper provides the smoothed probabilities of low, moderate and high capacity utilization regimes along with the fitted values for the Turkish capacity utilization rates. A three state specification with regime-dependent mean and variance dynamics is identified. The study also employs the estimated transition probabilities and determines the durations and persistence of staying in each particular regime for the capacity utilization rate fluctuations of the manufacturing industry in Turkey.

Biofuels derived from Turkish industry wastes—a study of performance and emissions in a diesel engine

Recently, research has focused on the biofuel production from local industrial wastes due to the risk of greenhouse emissions derived from land‐use change (both directly and indirectly) of conventional feedstock and the social concern about the effect of conventional biofuel production on oil prices and its availability (the so‐called food vs. fuel debate). Therefore, with the aim to evaluate the use of biofuels derived from wastes from traditional manufacturing industries in Turkey, biodiesel fuels from leather fat, obtained as a by‐product in the leather industry, waste anchovy fish oil, derived from the fish‐processing industry, and waste frying cottonseed oil achieved from food industry, have been tested in a three‐cylinder DI diesel engine at a steady‐state condition. In a previous work, the viability of these fuels was evaluated by analyzing measured and estimated properties and indicators for main diesel emissions, and recommendations were made on their alternative use to conventional biodiesels with the benefit of potentially lower life‐cycle greenhouse emissions. The experimental results, which were compared with ULSD operation, demonstrated that the engine performance was not significantly affected, while a substantial change in emissions was observed with the use of biofuels. In general, the emission results reported here are in a similar range to those obtained with the use of conventional biodiesel fuels. Nonetheless, the exact magnitude of these changes depended upon the biodiesel origin. Lubricity of alternative biofuels was also tested, revealing an enormous capacity for protecting the fuel system from wear, in line with conventional biodiesel fuels. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 847–852, 2016

THE EFFECTS OF THE CUSTOMS UNION ON TURKISH HOME APPLIANCE INDUSTRY

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Customs Union on Home Appliance Manufacturing Industry in Turkey in the period between 1996-2006. The home appliance industry has been producing domectically since 1960s. Most of the product in the industry has been produced only by one or two producers for a long time. Only after 2000, the number of producers who produce refrigerator inreased to three. Not only the number of producers but previous studies on the concentration ratios also support that the structure of the home appliance industry is oligopolistic market structure. In 1996, the tariffs for the home appliance products imported from the European Union were reduced to zero. This raised the volume of import from the European Union Countries. The net profit margin for the leading company in Turkey was 10 % in 1996 where the same ratio is 2. 1 % for Whirlpool, a leading multinational company. While in the 15 years period, Whirlpool have kept its profit level around the same ratios during the period from 1991 to 2006, the ratio decreased 4. 7 % for the leading company in Turkey, in 2006. This decrease would be explained by large increase in the volume of the import of these products when the tariffs were removed in 1996.

Properties and emission indicators of biodiesel fuels obtained from waste oils from the Turkish industry

Three waste oils from traditional manufacturing industries in Turkey, such as leather fat, obtained as a by-product in the leather industry, waste anchovy fish oil, derived from the fish-processing industry, and waste frying cottonseed oil from food industry, have been evaluated as alternative raw materials for biodiesel production, with potentially low life-cycle greenhouse emissions. Measured properties such as heating value, density, viscosity, flash point, acidity and cold flow properties, showed that the obtained biodiesel fuels fulfilled both the European and American quality standards and could be used to partially replace petroleum diesel in automotive engines. From gas chromatography analysis, detailed fatty acid profile was obtained, which permitted the application of group contribution methods for the estimation of thermodynamic properties (critical parameters, acentric factor) and thermochemical properties (enthalpies of vaporization and formation). This information was useful to calculate some indicators related to the most important diesel engine emissions, such as soot (main component of particulate matter) and nitric oxide emissions. Soot indicators reveal significant reduction potential with respect to fossil diesel fuels, and, among the studied biodiesel fuels, soot emissions would be lowest for the most saturated and shortest carbon-chain length biodiesel fuel. Adiabatic flame temperature, selected as the main nitric oxide emission indicator, shows small differences among the studied biofuels. Both the properties and emission indicators of the biodiesel fuels studied are within the typical ranges of other conventional biodiesel fuels.

Impact of international trade on employment in Turkeys manufacturing industry

Turkey abandoned import substitution industrialization strategies in foreign trade policies and started to implement export promoting strategies after a reform program started in 1980. Promoted exports brought along increasing imports. In this study, the impact of international trade on employment level in industry was investigated using an annual panel of data from 95 manufacturing industries in Turkey for the period of 1992 - 2001. A dynamic panel data model was used for that purpose. Results showed that trade variables had no significant impact on employment in the manufacturing industry at the current level, while lagged real exports and import penetration had the opposite effect on current employment during the period analyzed. Key words: International trade, employment, dynamic panel data.

The Impact of Public Capital on the Efficiency of Private Manufacturing Industry at the Regional Level

The public capital installed in a region has an important role in the development of that region, because the studies in this area show us that public capital has an important role on the private sector performance. It is expected that public capital enhances private sector efficiency, and thus the output of that sector. As it is well known regional disparities still exist in Turkey. The research in this area shows that public capital can be used to reduce regional disparities. In this respect the main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of public capital formation on the efficiency of private manufacturing industries in Turkey at NUTS II level. While most of the studies in this area use public capital as a direct input for production, we assume that public capital has an effect on private output by enhancing technical efficiency. For the aim of the study, we employ data envelopment analysis to calculate efficiency scores by using a panel data of 25 regions at the first stage; afterwards we estimate the effects of public capital on private sector efficiency econometrically by using these scores. The results reveal that public capital has positive impact on private sector efficiency both at the regional level and regional level

THE DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYMENT: A SECTORAL ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

This paper analyzes the effects of wages, openness, and demand on employment in the private manufacturing industry in Turkey based on panel data for the period of 1973–2001. The wage elasticity of employment increases after trade liberalization. Nevertheless, output elasticity of labor demand is higher than wage elasticity in the total manufacturing sector for the whole estimation period, and in the high‐ and medium‐skilled sectors in the post‐1980 period. Trade effects, after controlling for output, seem to have a low economic significance. The positive effects of exports on the labor intensity of production are low or are offset by labor saving effects of foreign trade, particularly in the high‐ and medium‐skilled sectors. On the other hand, there is some evidence of a negative import effect in the low‐skilled sectors, whereas in the high‐ and medium‐skilled group a complementary relation between domestic labor and imported inputs dominates the effects.