Nigeria Manufacturing Research Articles

The Role of Manufacturing Organizations in the Adoption of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance

This study examined the extent of relationships for sustainable adoption of supply chain management practices and performance in Nigerian manufacturing organizations. The study looked into the factors that influence the breadth and depth of the industry’s activities and presented series of constructs that identify sustainable supply chain management operating activities, the factors that act as driving environmental issues and what specific management practices exist in the selected companies. The study adopted the concept of system theory, which is key aspect of the roots of environmental management. The study also reviewed the impact of pro-active and re-active practices in the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. The survey questionnaire was used for data collection from the selected respondents. The companies were selected randomly. The survey instrument was administered using convenience sampling techniques which was deemed the most feasible approach. Factor analysis was conducted to confirm groupings of sustainable supply chain management practices and performance. Kaiser criterion was employed and the hypotheses testing done using correlation model. The results showed significant positive relationships for all the variables used for the test. The study however had some limitations for most of the respondents were reluctant to answer the questions due to cultural issues. The study concluded by indicating that to succeed in the competitive market, that companies should learn to align their supply chain with the demands of the markets they serve. The study have significant impact on the manufacturers in Nigeria and other developing countries, for they need to understand the potential positive effects sustainable supply chain practices could have on different dimensions of performance and be more proactive in the adoption of such practices.

Causality Nexus Between Electricity Consumption and Growth in Nigeria Manufacturing Sector

The study examined the causal relationship between electricity consumption and manufacturing sector’s growth in Nigeria using time series data covering the period 1986 – 2017. Multiple least square regression method was used to capture the effect of electricity consumption and other variables on manufacturing sector’s growth, with the aid of Eview software. Granger causality test was conducted to examine the direction of causality between electricity consumption and manufacturing sector’s growth. The study found that electricity consumption has positive and significant effect on the growth of the manufacturing sector. Also, the study revealed an evidence of unidirectional causality from manufacturing sector’s growth to electricity consumption. It was also infered from the trend analysis that Electricity Consumption in Nigeria has a positive and direct impact on the growth of Nigeria Manufacturing Sector. Since the study shows how electricity is vital to manufacturing sector, any impediment to electricity will grossly affect manufacturing sector’s growth. To enhance sustainable growth in manufacturing sector, appropriate reforms must come up to ensure stable electricity in Nigeria. Keywords: Electricity consumption, Causality, Trend analysis, Manufacturing sector. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-6-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Economic-Based Sustainability Assessment of Aluminum Roofing Sheet Manufacturing/Life Cycle and Plant Sizing in Nigeria

An economic-based sustainable cost-benefit evaluation of Aluminum roofing sheet (ARS) manufacturing in Nigeria is presented. The aim is to evaluate costs and profits associated with various plant sizes within sustainability concerns, in order to promote economic growth. The metrics for economic viability analysis, namely; total capital investment, specific capital cost, payback period, return on investment etc. were explored to deduce a cost effective starter plant, amidst five plant sizes evaluated. Data was obtained from a typical ARS manufacturing plant in Nigeria designated as X-plant for privacy. The product life cycle gave insight into the social and environmental impacts of ARS manufacturing and use. The result show that an ARS plant can start with an initial size of 4.5Kton capacity per Annum. This size can offer over 3% return at a present value greater than $4.97/Kg/year. The results also indicate that plant size can considerably affect the used economic criteria.

Monetary Policy and the Real Economy: A Study of the Manufacturing and Services Sectors in Nigeria

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on the real sector of the Nigerian economy. A model was specified for each of the manufacturing and services sectors to interrogate the effect of monetary policy on the real sector. Annual data were sourced from the World Development Indicators for 1981 to 2017. Preliminary tests of the time series properties suggested the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) regression as the most appropriate framework for the achievement of our objectives. Diagnostic tests of the distribution of regression errors confirmed the satisfaction of all necessary regression assumptions. The models were also found stable over the study period. Thus, the models adequately represented the problems formulated for investigation and good for valid inference. While all the four channels of monetary transmission considered were found significant for value-added expansion in manufacturing, the exchange rate channel was not a significant factor in value-added change in the services sector. Our findings suggested that domestic credit is the dominant channel for the transmission of monetary impulses to the real sector. The study concluded that monetary policy will benefit the real economy more with export expansion in both the manufacturing and services sectors.

Challenges of Manufacturing Sub-Sector to Compete in Foreign Markets: The Nigerian Experience

This research is an empirical work that focused on the challenges bedeviling the manufacturing sub-sector ability to produce products that can compete with other brands in foreign markets. The data for the study were generated from central bank of Nigeria (CBN) and world bank development indicator (WBDI) of various years. The ordinary least square (OLS) econometric technique was used on time series data of important variables of manufacturing output, trade openness and current account balance. To guide the study it was hypothesized that institutional framework and government policy towards trade liberation encourages investment overtures. The findings of the study showed that trade openness and financial support significantly influence the performance of manufacturing sub-sector to produce goods for foreign markets even though the contribution of the Nigeria manufacturing sector is quite negligible. In conclusion the study recommended that the right investment induced policies and programmes should be put in place in order to ginger investment interest and supply both domestic and foreign markets with products that compete with other brands in the global markets.

Dividend Decision and Economic Value Added of Quoted Nigeria Manufacturing Firms

This study examined the effect dividend decision and economic value added of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective is to examine if dividend decision have any effect on economic valued added of the Nigeria firms. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of 15 quoted manufacturing firms. Economic valued added was proxy for dependent variables while dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, retention ratio and dividend per share were proxy for predictor variables. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. Findings revealed that75 percent variation from the fixed effect results on economic value added of the manufacturing firms. Beta coefficient of the predictor variables found that dividend yield have negative effect on economic value added while dividend per share, dividend payout ratio and retention ratio has positive and significant effect on economic value added of the quoted manufacturing firms. It’s therefore recommend that constant dividend decision should be maintained among the quoted manufacturing firms and retention forms should be properly invested and the investment environment should be well managed to increase economic value added through the dividend decision channel.

Positioning Nigeria’s manufacturing and agricultural sectors for global competitiveness

AbstractThe world economy presents opportunities for learning about developing economies, as they strive to attain a place of reckoning in the global market. This article, through salient themes from recent archived survey reports and interviews, exploration of relevant literature, and descriptive analytics presents a review of Nigeria's manufacturing and agricultural sectors. Thus, an approach which offers a synthesis of contemporary expert opinions, lessons from emerging market economies, and clear‐cut submissions from literature, which could enhance the competitiveness of these sectors. Amidst our findings, the operational strategies and ultimately industry/policy initiatives suggested include inward sourcing, strategic partnerships (both in sourcing and localization) and fiscal incentives among several possible milestones that could be explored to have the country prominent on the global industrialization map.

Corporate Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustained Competitive Advantage in the Nigeria Manufacturing Firms

This study examines the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship, innovation and sustained competitive advantage in the Nigeria manufacturing firms. Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation has been of interest to scholars and practitioners due to its beneficial effect on competitiveness. A survey research design was used. A simple and systematic sampling technique was used to determine the sample size. A total of 263 questionnaires were distributed to senior managers or CEO, and middle level staff at each manufacturing firm surveyed. Data from the study were collected analyzed using descriptive statistics, product moment correlation and regression analysis with statistical package for social science (SPSS V. 20). The results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between corporate entrepreneurship, innovation and sustained competitive advantage in the Nigeria manufacturing firm. Thus, corporate entrepreneurship and innovation has significant impact on the sustainability of the Nigeria manufacturing firms. The F-value (159.417) indicates that the model is good and that corporate entrepreneurship and innovation is a good predictor of sustainable competitive advantage in the Nigeria manufacturing firm. The study shows that the resources needed by organizations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage are mainly those that are imperfectly imitable and organizational specific procedures (organizational exploitation) developed overtime. It is this uniqueness which is not tradable that gives a firm an edge. It is hereby recommended that manufacturing firm in Nigeria should adopt corporate entrepreneurship and innovation as a panacea for survival as this will help them surmount the challenge of obsolescence and achieve sustained competitive advantages.

Energy Consumption and Performance of Sectoral Outputs: Results from an Energy-Impoverished Economy

This paper is directed at exploring the relationship among energy consumption, disaggregated sectoral output (GDP) and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data. The study applied a plethora of estimation techniques (multivariate unit root, Johansen cointegration and Granger causality tests). The study found that energy consumption has enhanced the performance of agriculture, health, manufacturing, utilities, finance and transport sectors in Nigeria during the period under consideration. Long-run energy consumption was found to be detrimental to the performance of administration output (GDP). The study recommends that energy consumption should be encouraged essentially for sectoral and industrial purposes (the production of intermediate goods and services) and not only for household consumption.

Globalization and Indigenous Entrepreneurship Development in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Manufacturing and Commerce (Trade) in Nigeria

Globalization and Indigenous Entrepreneurship Development in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Manufacturing and Commerce (Trade) in Nigeria

Governing sustainable industrial energy use: Energy transitions in Nigeria's manufacturing sector

The governance of industrial energy use in recent times has been driven by the quest for greater energy security and sustainable industrial growth. Sustainable use of energy necessitates a rethink in the production, use and governance of energy resources that stimulates and supports transition to a more effective and efficient energy system. However, how do we ensure an effective transition in industrial energy use in the midst of gross energy poverty within a developing country context? This paper explores the motives and drivers of changes in energy use within the industrial sector. Statistical data from published reports, as well as informal interviews of stakeholders in Nigeria's industrial sector were used. Following analysis of data, four important salient phases (eras) of industrial energy transition in Nigeria's manufacturing sector was established. These distinct eras are: (1) Grid-dependent era; (2) Self-generation era; (3) Industrial energy outsourcing era; (4) Industrial energy conservation era. The study reveals that: outsourcing of industrial services; cost reduction; and business realignment motives are key drivers of transitions in Nigeria's industrial sector. This paper concludes by highlighting the implications of these changes for the future of energy and sustainable industrial growth in Nigeria.

The Impact of 3D Printing Technology to the Nigerian Manufacturing GDP

3D printing can spur manufacturing rebirth in Nigeria and the World in general. There are many areas where 3D printing is creating significant change, particularly in designing and prototyping of new products, in the arts, and in visualizing abstract concepts. This is a step change from conventional manufacturing processes to rapid prototyping and layer manufacturing. This report has defined rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing and the current technologies available to fabricate 3D components. In addition to this, it provides a brief overview of the current contributions of the Edo University Iyamho (EUI) in collaboration with the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, to sustain manufacturing research initiatives towards the development of locally fabricated 3D printer and the possible future Additive Manufacturing in Nigeria. It is anticipated that this work will benefit the Nigerian academic, research institutes, industries, thus, enhance the GDP contribution of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.

Economic Implications of Statistical Quality Control: Lessons for Manufacturers in Nigeria

This study examined the economic implications of statistical quality control. It applied the literature study method. The study highlights the methods of statistical quality control as well as the economic benefits derivable from the use of and adherence to the processes of quality control in general and scientific and statistical quality control in particular. Quality consciousness, consumers’ satisfaction, cost reduction and optimum utilization of resources are some of the numerous economic benefits of scientific and statistical quality control. While wastages, decrease in sales and decrease in profitability are some adverse economic implementations of the absence of or neglect to use statistical quality control in an organization. The campaign for quality assurance should be driven to the grass root for all and sundry, especially the manufacturing sector, to become conversant with the need for quality products, services and results delivery. This will make their product compete favourably with foreign products.

Analysis of Garri Frying Machine Manufacturing in Nigeria: Design Innovation

Analysis of Garri Frying Machine Manufacturing in Nigeria: Design Innovation

Effect of competitive intelligence on competitive advantage in Innoson technical and industry limited, Enugu state, Nigeria

The instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 303 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed 283 copies were returned while 20 were not returned. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, chi-square, and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that strategic intelligence significantly affects technological know-how in Nigeria manufacturing firm (r = 0.602; F = 3. 426E3; 1 = 4.426; p <0.05). Innovation significantly relationship affects brand reputation in the Nigeria manufacturing firms (X2 0 = 68.270 is greater than the Chi-square table value X2 1 = 9.49; p< 0.05). There is a significant relationship between human intelligence network and employee loyalty in the manufacturing firm (r = 705, P<05). The study concluded that competitive intelligence is a vital tool for strategic planning and competitive advantage. The study recommended that there should be an adequate investment in competitive intelligence process, facilities, and activities by manufacturing firm so as to be innovating in their product, services and competitive dispositions. In implementing competitive intelligence in an organization, employees should be equipped with the knowledge, skill and technical know-how of handling intelligence product.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Nigeria Manufacturing Sector: A Time Series Analysis

The objective of the study reveals that FDI in the Manufacturing sector exacts a positive influence on the manufacturing output and the impact is statistically significant. This result further confirms the effectiveness of economic policy of the federal government of Nigeria through the adoption of liberalized industrial and trade policies. These policies were undertaken with a view to improve efficiency and productivity, as well as to improve the competitiveness of the Nigerian manufacturing industry. The policy implication is that,in order to maintain sustainable economic growth and development, a positive domestic investment is a prerequisite for increasing the flow of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector. Nigeria, while continuing to encourage inward FDI, efforts should be made to channel it into the manufacturing sector so as to accelerate the diversification process. In addition, the implementation of policy of trade liberalization should be reviewed and implemented with caution. The policy that will further make the economy more-import dependent will not augur well for the economy.

Development built on crony capitalism? The case of Dangote Cement

This paper critiques the emergence of Dangote Cement as the dominant player in cement manufacturing in Nigeria. It argues that the changed economic environment General Obasanjo met when he became president of Nigeria for a second time in 1999 made it difficult for him to continue the nationalisation policies and the expansion of government involvement in several spheres of economic activity that he helped to promote in the 1970s. The realisation that this strategy, which created numerous crony capitalists, was unsustainable resulted in Obasanjo allying with Dangote and promulgating the Backward Integration Programme (BIP) for the local cement industry. This made it possible for Dangote to risk aggressive investment in the capital-intensive cement production business. This strategy achieved public good by rapidly making Nigeria, an oil rent- and import-dependent economy with enormous limestone reserves, self-sufficient in cement production.

Thermoeconomic and environmental analyses of a dry process cement manufacturing in Nigeria

In this study, the thermoeconomic and environmental assessment was performed to identify key energy efficient opportunities and technical improvement potentials of the production of dry cement in Nigeria. The process was divided into ten basic unit operations, which are: drilling, explosive charging, mucking and hauling, crushing, raw material preparation, pre-heating, pyro-processing, additive preparation, finish grinding and packaging. The analyses revealed that to produce a tonne of cement requires 3.12 GJ of energy at a cost of ₦4875.41 ($25.66), and about 0.59 tonnes of CO2 is released to the environment. The most energy intensive unit operation is the pyro-processing operation, followed by the pre-heating operation with energy intensities of 2.22 and 0.60 GJ/tonne, respectively. However, the economic impact of the explosive charging unit, which seems to be less significant from the energy view point, is relatively high. To make the overall plant more energy and economic efficient, it was suggested that plant modification should consider the pyro-processing and pre-heating units together with the optimization of explosive charging unit, and the use of efficient prime movers for pumps and cooling fans. Furthermore, for maximum energy utilisation, uniform material flow in the pyro-processing and pre-heating unit is essential.

English

This study on prospects for sustainability and viability of Nigerian manufacturing organizations through team work approach has the overall objective of ascertaining the extent to which teamwork approach to change management holds good prospects for sustenance and viability in Nigerian manufacturing organizations. The study adopted the survey research design, in which ten manufacturing companies in the South-Eastern Nigeria were studied. The population of the study was thirteen thousand, six hundred and twenty three (13,623), and the sample size was calculated to be six hundred and nineteen using the Taro Yamane’s formula. The sampling selection was the stratified sampling method. A self-developed structured questionnaire and oral interview guide were the research instruments used for the study. Data collected were presented descriptively using charts, simple frequency and percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The major finding of the study were that teamwork approach to change management in Nigeria manufacturing organizations to a large extent holds good prospects for sustenance and viability (Zcal = 5.76 > Zcritical = 1.96, p < 0.05). The study concludes that teamwork has the prospect of making manufacturing organisations very effective, viable and sustainable. Specifically, it has the benefits of improved productivity and product quality, innovativeness and manpower development. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that, for an improved product design with high quality that will appeal to customers’ satisfaction any day, teamwork should be encouraged in Nigerian manufacturing organizations. It is also recommended that team incentives and rewards should be strictly adhered to in order to boost team performance and effectiveness. Team members should be carefully selected so that members with requisite skills are selected to work towards achieving the required objectives. Key words: Prospects for sustainability and viability of manufacturing organizations and Team work approach.

Review of Motivations, Success Factors, and Barriers to the Adoption of Offsite Manufacturing in Nigeria

Despite several mitigation attempts, Nigeria is still facing a deficit of 17 million houses. Seminal literature argues that this problem is predominantly due to a myriad of issues, including high construction costs, skills shortages, the slow pace of construction, lack of infrastructure and logistics, poor quality of available housing stock etc. Given these issues, offsite manufacturing has been proffered as an innovative method for addressing these challenges. This paper reports on the findings of a substantial literature review investigated the needs, promises and barriers of adopting offsite manufacturing in Nigeria. Seminal literature elaborating on offsite construction and Nigerian construction industry has been thoroughly reviewed and results were analysed using thematic analysis, and Nvivo software was used to code and analyse the research data. Findings highlighted that the housing deficit in Nigeria is on the increase and nothing significant was being done at the moment. The results also posited that although OSM could improve housing delivery efforts in Nigeria, the prevalence of this is still considerably low; and that this was influenced by many factors, such as negative local perception about OSM, client resistance, lack of infrastructure and skills shortage. This study concludes that for OSM to be adopted in Nigeria, there is a need for greater awareness, collaboration, training and encouragement from Government. This study presents additional understanding of OSM in Nigeria based on expert opinion, the results of which were used to develop a framework for the effective adoption of OSM in Nigeria. It is concluded that the adoption of OSM could help support housing delivery efforts in Nigeria, and leverage wider benefits to the industry and associated supply chain.