Manual System Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of instrumentation with manual stainless steel and NiTi files in the endodontic treatment

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness in instrumentation and the main differences between the manual systems K and M. Material and methods: Forty Type IV Vertucci standardized lower molars, considering the degree of curvature, were divided into 2 groups (n=10): M Files and K-File Files. After biomechanical preparation, the teeth were filled using the Tagger Hybrid technique. Digital radiographs were taken in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions, and the quality of the filling was determined by three calibrated and blinded evaluators using a 4-point scoring system. The instrument fracture index was also recorded. The obtained data were subjected to Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). Results: In the analysis conducted by experienced professionals, a higher radiographic quality of obturation was observed in the M file group compared to the K-file group (p<0.05). Regarding the perception of undergraduate students regarding the difficulty of procedures, a greater difficulty was observed in preparing molars with K-Files compared to M Files (p<0.05). A higher percentage of fractured K-Files was observed compared to M Files. Conclusion: M Files provided less difficulty in preparing molars for undergraduate students, had a lower incidence of fracture, and favored better radiographic quality of obturation.

Pengaruh Sistem Pendaftaran Online Via Mobile JKN Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit X Kota Bandung

Online registration system allows patients to register quickly and easily without having to queue and come to the hospital. It is recently known that users of online registration system are lower compared to manual registration system. This research intend to determine the effect of online registration system via Mobile JKN on outpatients’ satisfaction in Hospital X Bandung City. This research method is quantitative method. The population of this research were users of online registration system via Mobile JKN in March and April 2024 in total of 201 patients. The sample size used was calculated using the Slovin formula on 36 respondents which was determined using simple random sampling technique. The results of simple linear regression test obtained values 0,000 < 0,05 so it can be concluded that the variable of the online registration system via Mobile JKN has a significant effect on the outpatients’ satisfaction variable. It is recommended to do enhancement of quality and development for online registration system via Mobile JKN in purpose to make online registration to be more effective and efficient.

Designing a Website-Based Bus Ticketing System for Ria Sari Bus Agents

Ria Sari Bus Ticket Agent is a night ticket agent that serves the various regions in Indonesia. Currently, the agent still uses a manual system to record bus ticket sales. Agents still write prospective passenger data and calculate agent commissions manually. In addition, sometimes agents forget about passenger orders that have been booked long ago. This usually happens during the Eid season and long vacations. This bus agent also does not have a recap of sales reports every month, so it does not know the commission earned each month. This study has a solution in a website-based ticket sales information system developed using Laravel, PHP, XAMPP, and MySQL. The purpose of the study is to design and develop a website-based bus ticketing system for Ria Sari Bus Ticket Agent. The testing of the system is conducted by interviews with the owner and users of the system. The result shows all features and menus available in this system are working properly and in accordance with the access rights of each user. The owner and users are satisfied and perceived helpful in using the system.

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Automated Car Parking Tower Systems

Background: Our country has dramatically evolved over the decades, and now we have a large number of well-connected roads, public buildings and a rising number of automobiles. With the passage of time, the manual car parking system in commercial spaces has become a stumbling block and wastes time. As a result, it requires a solution that can address these issues. Automated car parking systems are the answer to these issues. Methods: In this study, the static and dynamic response spectrum approach was used to analyze G+13 storey automated car parking by using ETABS-2018 systems Results: The storey displacement, storey stiffness, storey shear and overturning moment of steel and Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) automated car parking tower subjected to static and dynamic load for seismic zone III and zone IV in India have been determined. Conclusion: The RCC automated car parking tower was found to be not only stiffer but also lowered the displacement of construction.

Designing Healthcare Organisations For Excellence: Improving Bed Management Process And Strategies To Reduce The Turn Around Time

Background Bed management in a hospital is the process of ensuring that every bed is used optimally, while also providing quality care and efficient treatment. It involves allocating beds, tracking bed availability, managing patient flow, improving patient care and improving clinical staff efficiency. The process by which patients are admitted against any hospital bed, and when they are discharged and the bills are cleared, the bed is cleaned and allotted to the next patient in line is called bed management. Objectives ➢To understand the process flow of bed management in the hospital ➢To conduct a Time Motion Study for the patients getting discharged ➢To locate the problem areas in the process and give suitable solutions Methods Observation at various levels of the process of bed management (Pharmacy, Billing, TPA, Floors, Front office) Study Frame • Patients getting discharged • HIS (Hospital Information System) • Stakeholders of the system Findings It was observed that incorrect time management and inefficient system usage including communication gaps and delays, manual system updates and housekeeping protocols were the main problem areas in the bed management process. Conclusion Strict Vigilance of the work at the nerve cell and floors is required. The stakeholders were suggested to put ceilings on the number of beds that can be blocked for a day as well as on the time for which these beds are blocked. In addition to these, the stakeholders were also advised to replace manual system updation with some smart solutions

Aplikasi Akuntansi Pengolahan Transaksi Pendapatan Dan Belanja Daerah Berbasis Web

Computerized accounting is a system used to process company transaction data by using computers as a technological medium for application work processes and to produce financial reports for a company. The use and application of computer technology in office activities is a requirement and fairness that is needed, without having to eliminate manual systems. The use of computers will be able to improve employee performance in supporting activities in an agency or company. Financial management within the regional scope is the regional task and authority in organizing regional agencies which includes several sections including budgeting, income, expenditure, and accounting and accountability. The aim of this research is to design a web-based computerized accounting system for regional income and expenditure in Wates Village. And create a computerized accounting system that can assist the process of recording and storing web-based regional income and regional expenditure transaction data which produces regional income and expenditure report information. In creating a computerized system for regional income and expenditure, the software used is Sublime Texet3. Data storage uses MySQL and programming languages ​​use PHP and HTML. The research results show that the computerized accounting system makes it easier for finance employees to record financial transactions. Then financial reports are produced more quickly and data errors can be minimized and more structured data is stored in the database. So this new system really helps agencies in Wates Ngaliyan Village, Semarang, where the application is equipped with a menu for input, processes and reports that process transactions, both income and expenditure.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Akademik Berbasis Cloud Computing System di Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah 2 Pekanbaru

Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah 2 Pekanbaru, as an Islamic educational institution, faces challenges in managing academic data using a manual and conventional system. This system has caused issues such as limited access, data loss risks, and slow administrative processes. This community service aims to resolve these issues by implementing a cloud-based academic system. The method involves initial observation, needs analysis, system development, and the implementation and evaluation of the system at the pesantren. The results show that cloud computing technology improves efficiency in managing student data, lesson schedules, and attendance in a more structured and accessible manner. This technology also allows staff to access data flexibly from any device connected to the internet. Despite challenges in adapting to the technology, proper training is expected to overcome these obstacles. Overall, the implementation of this cloud-based system provides an efficient, cost-effective modern solution for Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah 2 in managing academic and administrative data.

From Surgical Procedures to Glovebox Processing: Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Glovebox Operations for High-Consequence Materials

High-consequence materials, such as nuclear waste, pose significant risks if improperly handled. Gloveboxes provide a controlled environment to manage these materials safely, yet they present challenges in operator safety, efficiency, and ergonomics. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting a proof-of-concept framework for Semi-Autonomous Robot Teleportation for Nuclear Glovebox Processing (SART-NGP). Unlike the existing manual systems already in use at nuclear facilities, the SART-NGP framework incorporates adjustable autonomy capabilities, drawing inspiration from advancements in surgical robotics. By integrating high-level human inputs, semi-autonomous execution, robust feedback mechanisms, and a simulator-based interface, this framework significantly enhances safety and efficiency while alleviating ergonomic concerns associated with glovebox processing in nuclear facilities. Although we have not fully solved the challenges associated with nuclear glovebox processing, our research provides promising insights and methodologies that may significantly improve the management of high-consequence materials and augments existing efforts in self-driving labs for glovebox operations. The findings suggest that the SART-NGP framework holds substantial potential for enhancing glovebox processing in nuclear facilities, with future work focusing on its real-world implementation and evaluation.

Intelligent system for assembly-line worker’s fatigue recognition and facilitation

The fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0 paradigm, gives scope to resolve the challenges of 21st-century manufacturing. Physical stress or worker’s work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) remain a challenge to the manual assembly line production system. This research provides a new intelligent framework to recognize and facilitate an assembly line fatigue worker. The intelligent framework provides a real-time fatigue status of each assembly worker on the manager’s work screen. Furthermore, the intelligent system provides a suitable solution to facilitate the fatigue worker, without disturbing the line balance. A novel approach is given to recognize the assembly line workers’ physical stress or work fatigue using the Knowledge-based Intelligent System (KBIS) methodology. Similarly, intelligent work rotation algorithms are proposed to find the solutions to facilitate the fatigue worker. Details of intelligent fatigue recognition, making of a learning-based fatigue recognition model, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) setup for worker’s real-time status monitoring, and Pseudocodes of intelligent work rotation algorithms are discussed in detail. Furthermore, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the scope of the proposed framework for a manual assembly line system. Four worker assembly line is considered during the illustration. Details of intelligent fatigue worker recognition with their current-status is explained. The intelligent algorithm has recognised that the worker 4 is under fatigue condition. Furthermore, the intelligent facilitation algorithm found the worker 6 as alternative worker to facilitate the fatigue worker. Learning-based classification models are used to make fatigue recognition model. However, Random Forest model has shown better performance in terms of prediction accuracy while recognising the worker’s fatigue status. Similarly, worker’s work capability models are used to find a suitable alternative worker to facilitate the fatigue worker.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Bantuan Dana Desa Meggunakan Algoritma C4.5 pada Dinsos Kabupaten Ogan Ilir

The design of a village fund assistance information system using the C4.5 algorithm aims to optimize the selection process for prospective aid recipients at the Ogan Ilir Regency Social Service (DINSOS). Currently, the village fund assistance selection process often takes a long time and is prone to inaccuracy and unfairness due to the limitations of the manual system. The C4.5 algorithm was chosen to build an effective decision tree in classifying based on predetermined criteria, such as income, number of dependents, employment, housing status, and expenses. By utilizing the Gain or Gain Ratio value of each attribute, the C4.5 algorithm is able to produce a clear decision tree, which makes it easier for DINSOS to make decisions objectively and transparently. This information system is designed with an easy-to-use user interface and a structured database to facilitate the management of aid recipient data. The results of the implementation of this system show increased accuracy in determining prospective aid recipients and time efficiency in data processing, thus supporting efforts to evenly distribute village fund assistance in Ogan Ilir Regency in a targeted manner.

Utilizing artificial intelligence to determine bone mineral density using spectral CT

BackgroundDual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has demonstrated the feasibility of using HAP-water to respond to BMD changes without requiring dedicated software or calibration. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been utilized for diagnosising osteoporosis in routine CT scans but has rarely been used in DECT. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of an AI system for osteoporosis screening using DECT images with reference quantitative CT (QCT). MethodsThis prospective study included 120 patients who underwent DECT and QCT scans from August to December 2023. Two convolutional neural networks, 3D RetinaNet and U-Net, were employed for automated vertebral body segmentation. The accuracy of the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement was assessed with relative measurement error (RME%). Linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses were performed to compare the BMD values between the AI and manual systems with those of the QCT. The diagnostic performance of the AI and manual systems for osteoporosis and low BMD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. ResultsThe overall mean RME% for the AI and manual systems were − 15.93 ± 12.05 % and − 25.47 ± 14.83 %, respectively. BMD measurements using the AI system achieved greater agreement with the QCT results than those using the manual system (R2 = 0.973, 0.948, p < 0.001; mean errors, 23.27, 35.71 mg/cm3; 95 % LoA, −9.72 to 56.26, −11.45 to 82.87 mg/cm3). The areas under the curve for the AI and manual systems were 0.979 and 0.933 for detecting osteoporosis and 0.980 and 0.991 for low BMD. ConclusionThis AI system could achieve relatively high accuracy for automated BMD measurement on DECT scans, providing great potential for the follow-up of BMD in osteoporosis screening.

Application of Android-Based Applications to Make It Easier to Record Micro Business Finances (Quuena Store Case Study)

The current development of information and communication technology has many benefits for human life, not only in the social but cultural, educational and economic fields. One use in the economic sector is in the financial services sector, namely the existence of a digital financial recording system in the form of an Android-based application. Financial recording is the process of recording transactions for a period, where this recording report will be used to make decisions and monitor the business being carried out.This research was conducted on MSMEs in Singajaya Village, the object of this research is business actors engaged in products and services, namely "Queena Store" which is located at Jl. CITRA No.12 Block XX Singajaya Village, this research is based on the problem where financial recording at the Queena Store still uses a manual system because the business owner does not understand technology. The purpose of this research is to help business actors implement a new accounting bookkeeping system and analyze its use in using the Android-based financial recording application, namely Akuntansiku, so that the recording process can be easier, faster and have accurate results. Tags research method is descriptive qualitative, which aims to provide a systematic understanding based on facts as it is about how to implement financial records based on the Android-based Akuntansiku application at the Queena Store.

Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction with a Hydrophobic Acrylic Monofocal IOL Delivered Using a Manual System.

To evaluate visual outcomes and patient satisfaction at far and intermediate distances, up to 3 months postoperatively, in patients implanted with a hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) using a manual delivery system. This was a prospective single-arm study of visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after successful bilateral cataract surgery with the Clareon monofocal and monofocal toric IOL using the Monarch IV delivery system. Endpoints included bilateral visual acuity, manifest refraction, and satisfaction assessed at 1 and 3 months post-operatively, as well as a surgeon survey of in-the-bag placement and satisfaction. A total of 28 patients (56 eyes) completed the study. At 3 months postoperatively, mean uncorrected and corrected binocular visual acuities at distance were 0.03 ± 0.04 logMAR and 0.00 ± 0.02 logMAR, respectively. For intermediate vision (66cm), 98% of eyes (55/56) had corrected monocular visual acuity 20/25 or better. In addition, mean uncorrected and corrected binocular visual acuities at intermediate (66cm) were 0.09 ± 0.05 logMAR and 0.04 ± 0.05 logMAR, respectively. Patient reported satisfaction with their vision was 88% (25/28). The IOL was delivered smoothly into the capsular bag in 89% (50/56) of eyes. Clareon monofocal and monofocal toric IOL delivered with Monarch IV can provide excellent distance vision and intermediate vision, good spectacle independence, high reported patient satisfaction, consistent in-the-bag delivery, and high surgeon satisfaction.

A digital dashboard for reporting mental, neurological and substance use disorders in Nairobi, Kenya: Implementing an open source data technology for improving data capture.

The availability of quality and timely data for routine monitoring of mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders is a challenge, particularly in Africa. We assessed the feasibility of using an open-source data science technology (R Shiny) to improve health data reporting in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Based on a previously used manual tool, in June 2022, we developed a digital online data capture and reporting tool using the open-source Kobo toolbox. Primary mental health care providers (nurses and physicians) working in primary healthcare facilities in Nairobi were trained to use the tool to report cases of MNS disorders diagnosed in their facilities in real-time. The digital tool covered MNS disorders listed in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Program Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG). In the digital system, data were disaggregated as new or repeat visits. We linked the data to a live dynamic reproducible dashboard created using R Shiny, summarising the data in tables and figures. Between January and August 2023, 9064 cases of MNS disorders (4454 newly diagnosed, 4591 revisits and 19 referrals) were reported using the digital system compared to 5321 using the manual system in a similar period in 2022. Reporting in the digital system was real-time compared to the manual system, where reports were aggregated and submitted monthly. The system improved data quality by providing timely and complete reports. Open-source applications to report health data is feasible and acceptable to primary health care providers. The technology improved real-time data capture, reporting, and monitoring, providing invaluable information on the burden of MNS disorders and which services can be planned and used for advocacy. The fast and efficient system can be scaled up and integrated with national and sub-national health information systems to reduce manual data reporting and decrease the likelihood of errors and inconsistencies.

Should I Evaluate My Augmented Reality System in an Industrial Environment? Investigating the Effects of Classroom and Shop Floor Settings on Guided Assembly.

Numerous prior studies have investigated real-time assembly instructions using Augmented Reality (AR). However, most such experiments were conducted in laboratory settings with simplistic assembly tasks, failing to represent real-world industrial conditions. To ascertain to what extent results obtained in a laboratory environment may differ from studies in actual industrial environments, we carried out a user study with 32 manufacturing apprentices. We compared assembly task execution results in two settings, a classroom and an industrial workshop environment. To facilitate the experiments, we developed AR-guided manual assembly systems for simple and more complex assets. Our findings reveal a significantly improved task performance in the industrial workshop, reflected in faster task completion times, fewer errors, and subjectively perceived higher flow. This contradicted participants' subjective ratings, as they expected to perform better in the classroom environment. Our results suggest that the actual manufacturing environment is critical in evaluating AR systems for real-world industrial applications.

The ABC Laundry Service Information System Based on Web using SDLC Method

In this modern era, the laundry service business has experienced rapid development along with the increasing public need for practical and instant services. Laundry ABC, a laundry business located in the Kimpulan area near the UII campus, faces significant challenges in managing customer data and transactions because it still uses a manual system. This manual system often causes recording errors, service delays, and potential fraud that impact financial reports and customer satisfaction. This study aims to design and develop a web-based laundry service information system using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with a waterfall approach. The proposed information system will automate the management of customer data, transactions, and financial reports, as well as improve the operational efficiency of Laundry ABC. This system is web-based and integrated with a database to ensure accurate recording, speed up the service process, and provide better data management. With this system, Laundry ABC is expected to improve the quality of service and gain a competitive advantage in the market.

Home Door Security System with Face Recognition Using ESP 32 Cam

The development of science and technology, especially in the fields of Electronics and Informatics, is expected to enhance room or home security systems, particularly home door security systems. Many door security technologies have been developed to prevent and ensure the comfort of homeowners when they leave their homes. Some commonly used door security systems include CCTV cameras, fingerprint sensors, voice sensors, and RFID. However, with technological advancements, these security systems have shown vulnerabilities, such as frequent errors in fingerprint and voice sensors. Based on this, to create a more secure and innovative home door security system, the authors developed a security system with face detection and a remote warning notification system using Telegram. The researchers created a door security system using the ESP 32-CAM for face detection and as a controller for the Internet of Things (IoT) system. Additionally, a manual system using a keypad for password input was also created. The results of this study include the accuracy and speed of face recognition and the speed of sending security system warning information through the Telegram application. Keywords— Door Lock System, Face Recognition, ESP32 Camera, Microcontroller, Internet of Things.

Evaluation of dental students' learning curve in intraligamentary anesthesia using different syringe systems: A prospective crossover study.

This prospective crossover preclinical trial aimed to evaluate the learning curve of dental students in successfully administering intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) using three different syringe systems. Dental students performed ILA using three devices in two separate sessions, each targeting mandibular and/or maxillary premolars. The devices included two manual systems (pistol-type and lever-based) and one computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD). The primary research parameter was the success rate of anesthesia, defined as the percentage of successful ILA administrations confirmed by a negative response to a cold test. Secondary parameters included pain experienced during needle penetration and injection, students' self-reported levels of mental tension and handling of the syringes, and any potential side effects. A total of 110 students performed ILA on 599 teeth during the study period. When comparing the CCLAD system to the manual syringes, the CCLAD system exhibited a significantly higher overall success rate in the first session (92.5% vs. 77.4%; p<0.001), potentially due to its precise control of anesthetic flow and pressure, which likely facilitated more effective anesthetic delivery. However, when examining the individual manual techniques, no significant difference was found between the pistol-type manual and the CCLAD system (p=0.66). All techniques' success rate increased from the first to the second session (80.4% vs. 86.9%; p=0.0357). Additionally, penetration pain demonstrated a significant decrease across all techniques (p<0.01). Notably, students' anxiety levels decreased, and self-assurance increased significantly over the sessions. Undesired reversible side effects were documented in 10.9% of cases. These findings suggest that repeated practice of ILA, particularly with different syringe systems, enhances anesthetic success and psychological readiness for patient interaction. Additional training sessions may further improve proficiency.

Human Resource Management and Technology: A study of the Status in Nepalese Enterprises

This article is concentrated on the study of use of technology in HR management system in Nepalese organizations. At present most of the most of the corporate organizations of Nepal use different forms of related software for managing human resource in an effective way to bring effectiveness in performance outcomes. They use technology in various HR activities consisting of recruitment, selection, training, development, financial transactions, performance appraisal, job analysis, HR planning, learning, performance management, career management, compensation management, and maintaining good labour and industrial relation. The main focus of the use of modern technology along with relevant software for managing HR activities is to bring specific system in organizational activities for improving performance to use resources consisting of money, material, machine and information technology in an effective way which helps to maximize productivity, maintaining quality and minimizing cost of products and services which facilitates to improving competitive strengths of the organization in the market. In practice it is found that most of the Nepalese enterprises especially unorganized sectors are still using manual system for managing HR activities of the organization.

Implementasi ERP Odoo Modul Point of Sale untuk Meningkatkan Operasional Ritel di Toko Ezie

Toko Ezie, a retail business in Nanga Bulik, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan, specializesin selling furniture, household appliances, and bedroom accessories. Established in 2010, TokoEzie still manages its operations manually, particularly in sales recording, inventory management,and financial tracking. This manual system causes problems such as data inconsistency, recordingerrors, and operational inefficiencies. This research aims to analyze the requirements and benefitsof implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, specifically the Point of Sale(POS) module, to improve Toko Ezie's operational efficiency and effectiveness. This study uses aqualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data were collected throughinterviews, observations, and documentation from the owner and staff of Toko Ezie. The researchfindings indicate that the implementation of an Odoo-based ERP system in the POS module willautomate sales processes, monitor stock in real-time, and streamline financial recording. Theintegration between the POS, inventory, and financial modules is expected to minimize manualerrors, improve data accuracy, and optimize customer service. This ERP implementation isanticipated to provide a long-term solution for enhancing the business performance of Toko Ezie.