Manual Equipment Research Articles

Device to Measure, Monitor and Control Variables for Agricultural Purposes

The measurement of meteorological variables is important for decision-making in the field. Accurate data can help farmers optimize their activities to improve food production. Traditional methods of monitoring variables can be expensive or complex for small-scale farmers to use. This indicates a need for low-cost and user-friendly devices. Currently, there is technology for developing these types of devices, which could be useful to automate processes based on variable monitoring and improve food production. Due to this, a device based on the Arduino Mega<SUP>TM</SUP> board was developed to monitor air temperature, relative humidity, rain, and soil moisture. In addition, equipment was developed to be controlled based on a rain gauge. The device has a TFT touch screen for easy-user interaction and 4 menus for information display (summary, floor, date-time and manual equipment control). The program of the device required more lines of code (59.65%) to establish user-device interaction compared to its internal processes (18.66%) and variable declarations (21.68%). A container was 3D printed to house all the integrated circuits and the device was tested under both indoor (Jun-10, 2024 to July-17, 2024) and outdoor (Jul-22, 2024 to Aug-18, 2024) conditions. Under indoor conditions, a 3% difference was found in the temperature measurements taken under the same conditions (using DS18B20 and MLX90614 sensors). Under outdoor conditions it was found that the air temperature decreased by an average of 2.33°C when increasing the height from 8ft to 16ft and the relative humidity decreased by an average 3.48% when increasing the height from 8ft to 16ft. There was a 3.4% difference in total rain measured by the rain gauges. Finally, the developed device performed adequately during the two months of testing in both conditions, measuring variables and controlling equipment (the equipment went from waiting mode to rain harvesting mode 92 times).

Pemberdayaan Pengrajin Emas “Surianti Gold”

Surianti Gold is one of the gold craftsmen in Batubulan Village, located at Br. Tegal Jaya. Ni Wayan Surianti as the owner and gold craftsman has been in business since 1998. For 25 years, Mrs Surianti has been involved in making gold jewellery creations such as sumpel, pendant, cross, and also accept orders according to customer requests. Suranti Gold's production process still uses manual equipment. Even though there are many gold craftsmen in the Batubulan area who use modern tools. To support Surianti Gold gold craftsmen to be independently competitive, community service activities are carried out that focus on partner problems, namely production management and brand identity. This activity was carried out for 8 months by applying the pre-implementation, implementation and evaluation methods. The results of this community service activity are to improve production management, namely that the partner has a magnetic tumbler machine production tool which so far he still uses gold washing services. In addition, to optimise financial records, notes are given and to increase social networks, brand identity is given through the packaging logo. Overall, the activity was carried out with good cooperation.

Image Analysis Method of Substation Equipment Status Based on Cross‐Modal Learning

In response to increasing power supply needs, maintaining stable substations is vital for reliable electricity. Traditional manual equipment inspections in these substations are inefficient and risky, often leading to hazards and delayed detection of faults. Therefore, there's a growing shift towards using intelligent image recognition technology in video surveillance systems for safer and more efficient inspections. This paper focuses on enhancing the level of intelligent inspection in substations using artificial intelligence‐based visual recognition technology. It introduces a novel small‐sample classification algorithm based on the CLIP architecture. This method uses cross‐modal equipment status information as additional training samples, optimizing the loss function together with image samples, and devises hand‐crafted strategies for text sample inputs to distinguish between equipment and states. The experimental results show that with only 16 training samples per category for 21 types of electrical equipment states, our method achieved a maximum accuracy of 93.38%. This represents a 2.98% higher accuracy than the PPLCNet trained on the full dataset and an 8.63% higher accuracy than the PPLCNet trained with an equal number of samples, with significantly reduced training time. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Analisis Penerapan Teknologi Sensor Berbasis Iot dalam Pemantauan Ketinggian Air Sungai

This research aims to compare conventional methods and Internet of Things (IoT) based sensors in measuring river water level. Conventional methods involve the use of manual measurement equipment and fixed measurement stations, while IoT-based sensors use sensor technology that is connected directly to an online monitoring system. This research was carried out by conducting a literature study and obtaining data on the water level of the Ciliwung River which was measured using the peilschaal method by BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane and the IoT-based electromagnetic sensor method by PANTIR (Pemantau Tinggi Air). Comparison of the two measurement methods is carried out from the aspect of accuracy of measurement data and performance based on the time required to obtain the data. The results obtained are in the form of a qualitative analysis which shows the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Study of the tightness of single seams of LOGICBASE™ / ECOBASE™ PVC membranes in engineering waterproofing systems

Objective. Currently, engineering waterproofing systems with polymer waterproofing membranes are widely used at various construction structures. At the same time, the usage of polymer membranes implies the operation of break welds, the strength of which should be no less than the strength of the waterproofing material itself. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the water resistance of single seams (without test channels, welded by manual or automatic equipment) for LOGICBASE™ / ECOBASE™ grade V-SL polymer membranes at a pressure of 1 MPa. Method. Testing of waterproofing seams for water resistance is carried out according to the requirements of GOST EN 1928-2011, method B. The GESTER model GT-C26B hydrostatic pressure testing device is used as a test installation. LEISTER welding equipment of Varimat V2 (automatic equipment) and Triac AT (manual/hand equipment) models was used for welding samples. The width of the weld was at least 30 mm. Result. At a hydrostatic head pressure of 1 MPa, within 24 hours from the start of the test, there were no traces of water penetration in the samples, which indicates that the seams are completely waterproof. Conclusion. Single seams of LOGICBASE™/ECOBASE™ engineered waterproofing PVC membranes are completely sealed at 1 MPa water pressure.

Comparison of chemical and enzymatic maceration processes for soft tissue removal from arterial silicone casts on skull scaffolds.

The various models used in gross anatomical studies to improve the visualization of blood vessels differ in the amount of manual labour, cost, equipment and time involved. This study aimed to compare chemical and enzymatic maceration processes for soft-tissue removal from arterial silicone casts on skull scaffolds using ringed seal (Pusa hispida) skull specimens. Both processes produced specimens that covered all anatomical aspects required to visualize the intracranial arterial arrangement on a bone scaffold. Overall, the enzyme maceration process was better for production of such specimens, as this process is easy and safe to perform, is less harmful to the bony parts of the specimen, and the resulting specimens are visually more appealing for display and teaching. Compared with previously published models, the end result varied in the amount of dissolved bone tissue and the visual presentation of the model.

Primer Exchange Reaction (PER)-Based Construction of Scaffold for Low-Speed Centrifugation-Based Isolation and Quantitative Analysis of P. aeruginosa and its application in analyzing uterine secretions with intrauterine adhesion.

Efficient isolation and sensitive quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are crucial for identifying intrauterine infections and preventing the occurrence of intrauterine adhesion(IUA).However, traditional approaches, such as culture-based approach, are time-consuming. Herein, we constructed a detection scaffold by using primer exchange reaction (PER) that integrated the low-speed centrifugation-based isolation and sensitive quantification of target pathogenic bacteria. The established approach possesses several advantages, including (i) the approach is capable of simultaneous isolation and sensitive quantification of target bacteria; (ii) low-speed centrifugation or even manual equipment could be used to isolate target bacteria; and (iii) a low limit of detection was obtained as 54 cfu/mL. Based on this, the approach is a promising approach in analyzing P. aeruginosa from uterine secretions with IUA.

Perencanaan dan Perancangan Produk Wastafel dan Fitur Sabun Otomatis Dengan Metode Nigel Cross

We are encouraged to wash our hands for 20 seconds, if there is no soap and running water, we can replace it with a hand sanitizer with a minimum alcohol content of 60%. By washing our hands, we can prevent viral infections in ourselves, those around us and even communities such as families and workplaces. Manual hand washing facilities or equipment that are used together can be a medium for spreading viruses so they must be minimized, one of which is by using an Automatic Sink. Because of this, automatic sink products were built to make it easier for users to wash their hands while reducing contact with water taps and soap or bar soap containers. This automatic sink was designed using the Nigel Cross method so that it can realize an automatic handwashing device with the addition of an automatic soap feature that can help the hand washing process without touching the water faucet and soap. The advantage of this method is that it covers all aspects of the design process starting from clarifying the problem to the details of the design. The new product attributes that are arranged by designers are adjusted to the needs of the community, starting from materials to product functions. Based on testing several tasks and answers from the questionnaire answered by respondents, namely as many as 30 respondents to this sink product, it can be said that the attributes used are valid data. The results of the validity test were then carried out by a reliability test with the aim of testing the level of consistency of data measurement. The results of this reliability test produce a Crounchbach's Alpha value of 0.709, which means it is reliable because it is > 0.6.

Impact of anthropometry training and feasibility of 3D imaging on anthropometry data quality among children under five years in a postmortem setting.

The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS) identifies causes of under-5 mortality in high mortality countries. To address challenges in postmortem nutritional assessment, we evaluated the impact of anthropometry training and the feasibility of 3D imaging on data quality within the CHAMPS Kenya site. Staff were trained using World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended manual anthropometry equipment and novel 3D imaging methods to collect postmortem measurements. Following training, 76 deceased children were measured in duplicate and were compared to measurements of 75 pre-training deceased children. Outcomes included measures of data quality (standard deviations of anthropometric indices and digit preference scores (DPS)), precision (absolute and relative technical errors of measurement, TEMs or rTEMs), and accuracy (Bland-Altman plots). WHO growth standards were used to produce anthropometric indices. Post-training surveys and in-depth interviews collected qualitative feedback on measurer experience with performing manual anthropometry and ease of using 3D imaging software. Manual anthropometry data quality improved after training, as indicated by DPS. Standard deviations of anthropometric indices exceeded limits for high data quality when using the WHO growth standards. Reliability of measurements post-training was high as indicated by rTEMs below 1.5%. 3D imaging was highly correlated with manual measurements; however, on average 3D scans overestimated length and head circumference by 1.61 cm and 2.27 cm, respectively. Site staff preferred manual anthropometry to 3D imaging, as the imaging technology required adequate lighting and additional considerations when performing the measurements. Manual anthropometry was feasible and reliable postmortem in the presence of rigor mortis. 3D imaging may be an accurate alternative to manual anthropometry, but technology adjustments are needed to ensure accuracy and usability.

PKM ALAT PEMERAS JAHE BAGI USAHA MINUMAN KESEHATAN “MBA IMA”

The development of processed products from ginger has recently begun to grow, especially with the presence of the Covid 19 virus which has an impact on all countries, especially for Indonesia. Preparations made from ginger and other spices are believed to maintain stamina for the human body. Processed products from ginger ranging from ginger wedang, ginger candy and instant ginger. Some of the benefits of instant ginger for health include warming the body, relieving colds, reducing menstrual pain and many other uses. Some types of ginger that are commonly developed in Indonesia include red ginger, small and large white ginger. With the different characteristics and benefits of each type of ginger, the ginger that is often processed into powdered ginger or instant ginger is red ginger. In Bangka Belitung, especially Bangka district, Mrs. Salimah has been processing this instant ginger since3 years ago, until now she is still producing this red ginger instant drink. The problem faced by Mrs. Salamah as a community service partner is because the equipment used to produce instant ginger still uses manual or makeshift equipment so that the resulting production is not optimal. To cover the lack of partners' problems, community service will provide solutions to partners, namely in the form of TTG machines (appropriate technology) to support instant ginger production. By using this squeezer machine, Mrs. Salimah can extort 5 kg in 15 minutes compared to using her hands, 5 kg can take 30 minutes.

Analisis Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Dengan Menggunakan Metode Hazop Pada Proses Pan Oil Di PT. X

PT. X works in the automotive manufacturing industry. There are various departments in the corporate structure, one of which is K3 (Occupational Health and Safety). This department is an important part of a company. Bearing in mind that all machines and equipment used have potential hazards. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the risk of work accidents that endanger the safety and health of employees. To control the potential for work accidents, the HAZOP method was chosen. The HAZOP approach was used to conduct this research. Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) was founded by ICI, a British chemical company. As a result, HAZOPs are increasingly being used in the chemical sector where they will be used in dealing with accidents that occur due to negligence of workers. The results obtained when conducting research using the hazop method obtained 3 levels of hazard risk and showing the percentage of each level of risk, including 50% low risk, 25% high risk, and 25% extreme risk. Low risk is the process of using manual equipment and forklifts, high level of risk in the machining process, and extreme level of risk in the casting process. Keywords: Accident, hazop, health, safety, work

PENGADAAN PERALATAN PENUNJANG PRODUKSI GERIT DI DUSUN PETUNGSEWU KECAMATAN TUMPANG KABUPATEN MALANG

The community in Dusun Petungsewu, Duwet Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency is a producer of corn rice (gerit). So far, the production process is carried out using manual equipment. Where for the corn milling process (slep) is carried out in the market. Then the process of separating the slep from the feces is done manually using a tampah (nampeni). Therefore, this community service activity aims to increase the production capacity of gerit through the procurement of a gerit sieving machine. It also makes the production process more continuous. This activity is in the form of providing a sifter and woven bamboo machine for drying to the MSME partners of Polinema and providing assistance on how to operate the production equipment to partners. In addition, the program is expected to provide positive benefits for gerit producers. Procurement of sifting machine can increase the productivity of gerit producers. In addition, the results of sieving using a sieving machine have increased compared to conventional methods. By using this machine, less power is needed and can shorten the time to sieve the gerit.

Ergonomic Risk Analysis on Traditional Weaving Workers on Semau Island Kupang Regency

Musculoskeletal disorder has caused casualty on traditional weaving workers. With manual equipment that uses no electricity, the workers do not apply anthropometry into their daily labor; resulting in working with bent position. Such condition forces the workers to be in a non-ergonomic work position. The research objective was to determine the relationship between work fatigue, workload, and work attitude with musculoskeletal disorders in traditional weaving workers. This research is an analytic descriptive research with a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study was 38 traditional weavers. The results showed that there was a relationship between work fatigue, workload, and work attitude with musculoskeletal disorders in traditional weaving workers on Semau Island, Kupang Regency with p-value <0.05. Workers can be given counseling and pamphlets regarding ergonomic and comfortable work, so as to avoid occupational safety and health problems.

Design and manufacturing of fertilizer spreader machine

Indian economy is based on agricultural products. In India, 58% of people are farmers. The most common crops planted by farmers are wheat, rice, corn oil crops, pulses millets, sugarcane, tea coffee, cotton and jute. India produces the majority of the world's sugarcane because of its expanding sugar demand. Our main aim is to reduce the farmer's effort in spreading fertilizer. This paper aims to reduce the human effort in spreading the chemical and dung manure fertilizer on the farm. The fertilizer is dropped through the metallic impeller disc, creating a means for applying chemical and dung manure fertilizer to fallow land. There are three layers to the product design: the top, middle, and bottom. Hopper is on the top level, an impeller disc is in the middle, and tires are on the bottom level. A frame and column support the whole design. The issue with manual fertilizer spreading equipment and the conventional method of fertilization has been resolved by this project. Due to its one-person operation, this machine fulfils the requirements of farmers who are struggling with the rising cost of fertilizer, labour costs, and unavailability of labour. This approach reduces the problems in the spreader models that are currently in use and cuts the time needed for conventional fertilizations by more than half. This approach has some drawbacks, including the inability to be employed in conditions of severe rainfall and when crops are taller than four feet.

YOLOv5s-M: A deep learning network model for road pavement damage detection from urban street-view imagery

Road pavement damage affects driving comfort markedly, threatens driving safety, and may even cause traffic accidents. The traffic management department conventionally captures pavement damage information mainly using manual and vehicle-mounted equipment, which is not conducive to the detection of large-scale road pavement distress. Street-view images can provide full-view images of urban roads where the data is updated regularly by navigation map service companies, making it possible to rapidly detect pavement damage in urban areas. This paper presents a new pavement damage detection approach that is built upon an improved YOLOv5 network and street-view images. The proposed model can deal with a large-scale detection layer to improve the detection precision of large distress targets, achieving thus both cross-layer and cross-scale feature fusion by using the Generalized Feature Pyramid Network (Generalized-FPN) structure. The improved network also involves a diagonal Intersection over Union loss for regression calculation of the boundary box and builds the decoupled Head structure to achieve the decoupling detection of prediction and regression. As a result, the fusion of the weak feature information in feature layers is enhanced at different spatial scales, a more suitable method is achieved for pavement damage detection in the complex context of multi-scale street-view images, and the accuracy of the modified network is much improved in the detection of pavement distress from street-view imagery. Furthermore, We created a large image sample set for model training and testing, and a total of 156,304 street-view images, obtained from Fengtai District, Beijing, China was used for demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed network. The findings indicated that the proposed approach could effectively achieve pavement damage detection of urban roads from street-view images, with a precision average of 79.8% on the test samples. Moreover, the developed model was applied for pavement damage detection for all the roads in Fengtai District, Beijing, indicating that our method can offer viable damage data for road maintenance planning.

Formula Organik Cair Berbahan Tikus Sawah Di Desa Kandangan Kecamatan Cerme Gresik

The purpose of this service is to change the function of rat pests into organic fertilizer products. In this service, the method used is descriptive qualitative. The technique of determining the informants was done by purposive sampling, data collection techniques were observation, in-depth interviews, and documents. The analysis of the data used is qualitative, it can obtain regularity and systematic, the three of which are interrelated, namely: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the processing of organic fertilizers do not use sophisticated equipment but only use manual equipment made with special assemblies with ordinary tools, the first process carried out is arresting, then killing, weighing, soaking, draining and using them at the time of processing. rice field irrigation.

Sayyid Honey MSME Development to Increase Trigona Honey Production Capacity

Sayyid Madu is an MSME that sells products in the form of quality pure honey which was founded in 2021. This business started with selling trigona honey and apis dorsata honey online, and received a good response from consumers. The good response was especially for the type of trigona honey. This causes the demand for trigona honey to increase rapidly so that better trigona honey-producing bee cultivation techniques are needed. The goal is to get the best quality and increase production capacity. Trigona honey also has the potential to reach national and international markets due to its efficacy in medical cases. As cultivation developed, the number of trigona bee colonies increased from 7 colonies with honey production of approximately 10 kg/month, at the beginning of January there was an addition of 20 colonies. The increase in this colony is expected to produce honey with more production than usual. To produce lots and lots of quality Trigona honey, breeders must have super colonies, namely colonies with large numbers, dense density, aggressiveness and very active activity. The colony of course requires nectar-producing plant vegetation, namely all plants that have flowers. The yield depends on the spring in the forest area where the bees nest. The main problem faced by Sayyid madu SMEs is Trigona honey production which is still minimal and inconsistent. The lack of production of trigona bee honey is caused by food sources that are less available in nature. In addition, the harvesting equipment that is owned is still lacking so that it can hamper harvesting and affect the quality of the honey produced. There are three alternative solutions implemented in this PKM, namely: (1) making artificial vegetation on residential land, (2) procuring dynamo-based manual nectar suction equipment, and (3) logs for beehives.

Integration of the Kansei engineering method and quality function deployment in the design of a food dough mixer machine

The Apple Dodol home industry, located in Tegalwaru village, Dau, Batu City, is an apple Dodol home industry because the raw material for apples is relatively abundant in Batu city. This snack results from more efficient apples with higher economic value. The increase in the use value of apples is through processing various souvenir products, including apple cider, apple Dodol, and apple chips. The process of making Dodol is still using the manual method. The mixing of the ingredients is still using workers with manual equipment, causing the condition of workers to feel fatigued quickly because the mixing process takes 4-5 hours. Therefore, a proper machine is needed to help the Dodol mixing process. The method used is Kansei Engineering Type I with the following stages: determining the Kansei Word, testing its validity and reliability, compiling the Semantic Differential (SD) Scale Structure, and compiling SD 1 Kansei Word. The scale used is a 5-point scale, as it is easier for respondents to understand. Illustrations of similar or uniform products to be designed are put together, and sorted items and categories are then applied to make technical specifications using the Quality Function Deployment method. Based on the test results, the difference in the standard output of the two tools was 0.33 kg/hour, so an increase in the percentage of standard output was obtained by 49%. The use of this semi-automatic Dodol mixer is practical and convenient. The mixer can be removed, making it easier to clean the machine and easy to move as it has wheels on the tool frame.

Ergonomic Risk Assessment and MSDs Symptoms Among Laboratory Workers Using SNI 9011-2021

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) symptoms are experienced by 1.71 billion of the human population and are characterized by persistent pain that decreases the ability to work in almost all types of occupations, including laboratory workers. The various stages of work in laboratory can cause complaints due to repetitive motions, manual handling, static and awkward posture, as well as long-duration of work. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk level of work ergonomic and MSDs symptoms among laboratory workers. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design involving 71 laboratory workers who were observed from 8 to 22 June 2022. The respondents were categorized into three Similar Exposure Group (SEG), namely administrative officers, analysts, and field workers. Risk level of MSDs symptoms and work ergonomic of each SEG was measured using the instrument of SNI 9011-2021, while individual factor was estimated through the questionnaire. Results: Out of the 71 respondents, the majority were males, aged <35 years, and had <5 years of work experience. The survey revealed that half of workers experienced MSDs symptoms with a high-risk level in analysts and field workers, particularly in the lower back. The highest MSDs symptoms in all SEG were neck, lower back, upper back, and right shoulder. Conclusion: Ergonomic risk level in laboratory was dangerous for analysts and field workers, and required further assessment by administrative officers. To reduce risk level of work ergonomic, particularly for analysts and field workers, engineering control and the use of manual handling equipment can be implemented.

Design And Build A Practicum Equipment For The Law Of Conservation Of Mechanical Energy Of Rolling Objects

Using photo gate sensor technology and digital displays, the research team created a legal practicum for energy conservation. This study aims to replace manual practicum equipment that is prone to measurement errors during practicum. This practicum equipment is used to prove the law of conservation of mechanical energy in rolling objects. Practicum equipment is developed using a development research process that starts with identifying needs and continues through design, manufacturing, and testing. At the design stage, validation of design results is carried out, while at the manufacturing and testing stages, design specifications and performance (measurement of accuracy and precision) are carried out. Based on the results of design validation, a value of 0.85 with a valid category was obtained, while accuracy was 90.7%, with an average accuracy of 97.46%, and a relative error of 8.33%. The thoroughness of the practicum equipment for the law of conservation of mechanical energy of rolling objects is quite good. We are currently developing several pieces of practicum equipment with IoT-assisted smartphone displays.