Manual Control Research Articles

Bilgi İşlem Merkezi için Ucuz Maliyetli Görüntüleme ve İkaz Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi

Continuity is crucial in systems that provide uninterruptible service. When errors or warnings occur, they should be reported to the responsible people as quickly as possible and fixed right away. Since manual control will cause errors, monitoring and control should be performed automatically. In order to fill this need, expensive hardware and software are used in the market. The purchased package includes a lot of extra features that are not required. Additionally, the majority of these systems use brand-specific sensors and other hardware components. In this study, the identical operation is carried out with significantly greater cost efficiency and brand independence by using microcontroller-based hardware. The designed system can be operated in desktop, web and mobile environments thanks to the computer program that is written. In the data processing center of a university hospital, the proposed cost-effective system has been used, and it has been discovered that it is capable of carrying out the same tasks as the more expensive systems.

Энергоэффективное управление системой отопления для зданий с циклическим режимом работы

Lack of energy can be a significant factor holding back the country's economic growth. At the level of objects of energy consumption, this problem can be solved by developing systems for energy efficient management 
 of the consumption of energy resources, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of specific objects. There is considered a heating system of the building of the OSTROVskiy shopping center (SC) (Astrakhan). There has been made engineering evaluation analysis of energy saving and energy efficiency measures of the building. Engineering evaluation analysis of the building and the heating system of the SC as a control object was carried out, the main regulated, regulating and disturbing quantities were identified. A functional model of a SC as a thermal facility has been developed. To calculate the air temperature inside the building, a thermal model of the object was built based on the thermal characteristics of the building envelope. The correspondence of the model to the real thermal characteristics of the building is shown. A control system for the heating point of SC was developed using the Totally Integrated Automation Portal software. The interface of the control and management system for the heating point of SC has been developed. An algorithm for the heating system functioning in an energy-efficient mode is proposed, taking into account the cyclical mode of operation of SC. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed control system for a thermal substation in the modes of constant performance, variable performance with manual control, variable performance with automatic energy-efficient control has been carried out. It is shown that the use of the proposed method of energy efficient control makes it possible to reduce the consumption of thermal energy by 21.7% compared to the constant performance option used.

Reliability and Efficiency of the CAPRI-3 Metastatic Prostate Cancer Registry Driven by Artificial Intelligence.

Manual data collection is still the gold standard for disease-specific patient registries. However, CAPRI-3 uses text mining (an artificial intelligence (AI) technology) for patient identification and data collection. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of this AI-driven approach. CAPRI-3 is an observational retrospective multicenter cohort registry on metastatic prostate cancer. We tested the patient-identification algorithm and automated data extraction through manual validation of the same patients in two pilots in 2019 and 2022. Pilot one identified 2030 patients and pilot two 9464 patients. The negative predictive value of the algorithm was maximized to prevent false exclusions and reached 94.8%. The completeness and accuracy of the automated data extraction were 92.3% or higher, except for date fields and inaccessible data (images/pdf) (10-88.9%). Additional manual quality control took over 3 h less time per patient than the original fully manual CAPRI registry (105 vs. 300 min). The CAPRI-3 patient-identification algorithm is a sound replacement for excluding ineligible candidates. The AI-driven data extraction is largely accurate and complete, but manual quality control is needed for less reliable and inaccessible data. Overall, the AI-driven approach of the CAPRI-3 registry is reliable and timesaving.

Intelligent Handling Robot Based on Mecanum Wheel

This paper proposes an intelligent handling robot based on Mecanum wheel, which can be set to recognize and handle the goods in the inherently known site, and can be adapted to the logistics sorting and other scenarios. The robot to NXP's RT1064 microcontroller as the main control, the use of RT-Thread embedded system development, the Mecanum wheel as a framework, the independent construction of the car model structure, equipped with a Raspberry Pi and robotic arm structure, as well as the MT9V032 total drilling wind camera to build the hardware circuit. The robot can recognize the position of the handling object through the off-site camera, then the upper computer for path planning, through the PID parameter adjustment and vehicle attitude solving to control the movement of the handling robot, to reach the handling location and then by the total drilling wind camera for detailed position adjustment. The robot equipped with Openart mini can recognize the type of objects to be handled, pick them up and place them on the pallet through robotic arm attitude solving, and correct the deviation through remote manual control, and finally realize fast omni-directional handling through Mecanum wheels to deliver the objects to the end point.

A Set of Rules for Function-Oriented Automatic Multi-Sentence Analysis in Patents

This study proposes some rules for performing a function-oriented search (providing function and object) to extract technical systems from patents, using syntax and dependency patterns to analyse multiple sentences. Unlike the most common inter-sentence analysis methods, the proposed method does not use context information or distance to link the elements of several sentences, but generic terms from patent ontology. The content provided by the rules was entirely derived from a statistical analysis of many patents from different domains, in order to provide a general validity for the rules. The application of the method in two case studies, related to metal cutting and manure processing, highlighted its main advantages. Its degree of automation is such that the expert is almost exclusively excluded, except in the definition of the function on which to build the document pool. The precision and the recall of the results during the tests exceeded 90%. The current limitation concerns the manual control of some results, about 25%, which derive from an additional set of dependency patterns that are difficult to automate and deserve further investigation. The technical systems are many more in number and are more detailed with regard to structural aspects than those obtainable by analysing only single sentences and/or syntax.

EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF WEED CONTROL ON IMATURE PLANTS (TBM) II AT PT. SOCFINDO KEBUN SEUANGAN AFDILLING 1

There are so many problems found in the process of maintaining and increasing the production of oil palm plants. That is the benchmark for the success or failure of these plants. So far weeds are one of the most important problems because weeds interfere with the main crops during their growth and development.Many problems and losses are caused by the presence of weeds in an area if allowed to grow uncontrollably. Therefore, so that these weeds do not cause more serious problems, it is necessary to control weeds. This research is carried out. Every research is expected to be useful for all parties who read it and those who are directly involved in it.This study aims to determine the Effectiveness and Efficiency of weed control on immature plants both manually and chemically as seen from the comparison of control time, cost analysis, work performance, weed mortality rate and regrowth rate from manual and chemical weed control. The method used in this study is to use descriptive analysis method. FromThe results of this study indicate that chemical weed control is more effective and manual weed control is more efficient.

Overtake or not – A computer-based driving simulation experiment on drivers’ decisions during transitions in automated driving

The increase in automated driving changes the role of the human driver. Under SAE level 3 conditions, the driver has to be able to take back the driving task at any time. However, drivers are allowed to engage in non-driving related tasks during the automated drive, which can result in drivers being out-of-the-loop when they have to take back manual control. This raises the question of whether drivers are able to make safe decisions in such situations. In a computer-based driving simulation experiment, N = 37 participants drove in automated mode on a two-lane rural road and were distracted by a non-driving related task. Because of blocked sensors due to a slower preceding vehicle, the automated system asked the driver if an automated overtaking maneuver should be carried out or not. The selected maneuver was executed by the automated vehicle in automated mode. In a within-subject design with repeated measures, the time budget (with time pressure vs. without time pressure) and the criticality of the situation (TTC low vs. TTC middle vs. TTC high) were manipulated, and the overtaking decision, the reaction time, the certainty about the decision and the perceived criticality were measured. As a result, drivers decided more frequently and faster for the automated overtaking maneuver with time pressure. In addition, in more critical situations, drivers decided less frequently for the automated overtaking maneuver and took more time for the decision. The results provide insights into the decision-making of drivers in automated driving and can be used in the design of take-overs as well as in the development of automated driving systems to enhance traffic safety.

Effect of Mirror Therapy on Fine Manual Control in Children with Erb's Palsy

Effect of Mirror Therapy on Fine Manual Control in Children with Erb's Palsy

Controlling wheel loader motion along a desired trajectory

Problem. Rigid-frame skid steer front loaders are popular material-handling machines widely used in various industries. However, such loaders experience frequent breakdowns due to high dynamic loads; they are often subjected to intensive tyre wear and excessive fuel consumption. Frequently, these issues arise from the improper actions of an operator. Given the labour intensity of the workflow, an operator, regardless of qualification, cannot ensure optimal loader control at an acceptable speed for a long time. In addition, an operator usually works in harsh environments with a high risk of injury, e.g. due to loss of stability. Manual control of loaders also limits the use of these machines in places that are dangerous for humans, for example, during the response to disasters. The solution to these issues is to automate the loader and exclude the operator from the machine work. One of the tasks of loaders automation is to ensure their movement along a given trajectory from the face to the place of unloading the material and back in the opposite direction. Goal. This work aims to increase the productivity and energy efficiency of a rigid-frame skid steer loader by ensuring its following along a given trajectory. Methodology. Based on the kinematics model of the loader, a two-loop control system for motion along a desired trajectory is designed. The control system combines feedforward and feedback loops. The feed-forward control is based on the desired speeds and accelerations. The closed loop is a state controller that uses the loader distance from the desired trajectory at a given time and the course angle as the state variables. Results. According to the simulation results, the proposed two-loop control system ensures the movement of the loader along a desired trajectory with an accuracy of up to 0.3 m. Originality. Further development of the up-to-date control theory was achieved by applying it to a new object, namely a skid steer front loader with a rigid frame. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed control system will increase the productivity of the loader, as well as reduce the number of accidents at construction sites.

Distributed nonlinear model predictive control for cobalt removal process in zinc hydrometallurgy considering error compensation modelling

AbstractTo address the strong nonlinearity, uncertainty, and mutual coupling in the cobalt removal process of zinc hydrometallurgy, an algorithm based on an improved genetic algorithm (GA) backpropagation (BP) neural network combined with distributed nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is proposed. This method was applied to improve the quality of the purification solution and reduce the consumption of zinc powder, overcoming the challenges faced by the current cobalt removal process. First, a synergistic continuously stirred tank reactor (SCSTR) model was constructed for the dynamic cobalt removal process. Second, aiming at the problem that a single SCSTR model has difficulty describing the process accurately, based on the highly nonlinear mapping ability of data‐driven models, a method that organically integrates the SCSTR model and an error compensation model based on the GA‐BP neural network was proposed (GA‐BP‐SCSTR) to provide a more accurate online prediction of the process indicators. Then, a distributed NMPC architecture was developed using the GA‐BP‐SCSTR model, control vector parameterization (CVP) technique, and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm to achieve the coordinated control of the cobalt removal process. Finally, simulation results of an actual site showed that the prediction accuracy of the GA‐BP‐SCSTR model was higher than those of other models. The proposed predictive control method can maintain the outlet cobalt ion concentrations at the set values while achieving accurate control of the zinc powder addition. This approach can provide guidance for on‐site production and eliminate the blindness of manual experience control.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE REHABILITATION SYSTEM IN UKRAINE. ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

The war and Russian aggression against Ukraine require government and society long-term extraordinary efforts. It’s not only in the field of the destroyed economy. The primary necessity is to restore a dignified life to every person affected by the war, military or civilian. The fate of each of us, our society, and our country in general will depend on efforts effectiveness in this direction. Objective. To develop and substantiate proposals for a systematic approach to the provision of medical rehabilitation assistance in the country. Results. The principles on which it is expedient to create a system of rehabilitation assistance in Ukraine have been formulated and substantiated. They are the principles of statehood, modernity, science, continuity, phasing and unified tactics, regionalism, specializations, self-rehabilitation. Each principle is briefly described, the experience of the world's leading countries is given. The stateand society role in the rehabilitation process is noted. Proposals. Develop a strategy, concept and government program for creating a rehabilitation assistance system in Ukraine. Provide a construction and equipment of regional rehabilitation centers (RC) within the post-war country renovation program. It has to be used worldwide principles of new hospital’s design and construction regarding the 200 inpatient beds in the unit. To locate RC outside of bigcities, usually. Training of rehabilitation specialists should be provided in various levels medical educational institutions. Modified vehicles to manual control for disable people and training in its use. To prevent the liquidation of Ukrainian Research Prosthetics Institution. To transfer this institution functions and the property complex to Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences. To transfer research medical rehabilitation organizer and executor functions to the National Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, in generally.

Anomaly Detection of Liquid Level in Mold during Continuous Casting by Using Forecasting and Error Generation

Anomaly detection of liquid levels in molds is an important task in continuous casting. Data that consists of a series of liquid levels in mold during a continuous casting process can be viewed as a time series, on which Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD) methods can be applied. However, the abnormal and normal data in the liquid data in the mold sequence share similar features. And due to manual control limitations, the anomaly sequence in liquid level in mold data lasts longer. Therefore, using existing TSAD methods based on AutoEncoders (AEs) often results in high false positive rates. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for anomaly detection of liquid level in mold by using unsupervised deep-learning-based TSAD. The framework decomposes a time series into normal and error sequences. A forecasting network reconstructs the normal sequence to solve the first issue, which allows the proposed method to consider the context. An error extraction network generates errors from the original sequence to solve the second issue. It removes anomalies from the original sequence during training to prevent anomaly pollution and allows the forecasting network’s training to be free from anomaly pollution. A new dynamic threshold method is proposed to identify anomalies. The proposed method is evaluated on the actual casting dataset by comparing it with baseline methods. The experiment results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms some of the best anomaly detection methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1 score.

Rigorous and integrated self-calibration model for a large-field-of-view camera using a star image

This paper proposes a novel self-calibration method for a large-FoV (Field-of-View) camera using a real star image. First, based on the classic equisolid-angle projection model and polynomial distortion model, the inclination of the optical axis is thoroughly considered with respect to the image plane, and a rigorous imaging model including 8 unknown intrinsic parameters is built. Second, the basic calibration equation based on star vector observations is presented. Third, the partial derivative expressions of all 11 camera parameters for linearizing the calibration equation are deduced in detail, and an iterative solution using the least squares method is given. Furtherly, simulation experiment is designed, results of which shows the new model has a better performance than the old model. At last, three experiments were conducted at night in central China and 671 valid star images were collected. The results indicate that the new method obtains a mean magnitude of reprojection error of 0.251 pixels at a 120° FoV, which improves the calibration accuracy by 38.6% compared with the old calibration model (not considering the inclination of the optical axis). When the FoV drops below 20°, the mean magnitude of the reprojection error decreases to 0.15 pixels for both the new model and the old model. Since stars instead of manual control points are used, the new method can realize self-calibration, which might be significant for the long-duration navigation of vehicles in some unfamiliar or extreme environments, such as those of Mars or Earth’s moon.

Using the TI.VA algorithm to titrate the depth of general anaesthesia: a first-in-humans study

BackgroundThe dose of anaesthetic and opioid drugs must be continuously adjusted after the induction of general anaesthesia to maintain an adequate depth of anaesthesia. The TI.VA algorithm is a multiple-input/multiple-output algorithm designed to optimise the balance between anaesthetic and opioid concentrations during general anaesthesia. It applies vector analysis to a two-dimensional matrix to quantify any inadequacy of the depth of anaesthesia at any given moment and determine any drug dose adjustments required to achieve an adequate depth of anaesthesia. This study aimed to capture preliminary data on the performance and safety of the TI.VA algorithm during total i.v. anaesthesia in patients. MethodsThis prospective study enrolled nine patients with breast cancer scheduled to undergo surgery. General anaesthesia was induced under manual control using propofol and remifentanil. Anaesthesia was guided using the TI.VA algorithm from skin incision until surgical resection was completed. The quality of anaesthesia was assessed through an analysis of performance errors. A bispectral index global score (GSBIS) <50 was considered an acceptable target for algorithm performance. ResultsAll nine procedures were completed without any adverse events and none of the patients recalled any intraoperative event. Overall, we analysed 3417 monitoring points corresponding to 285 min of surgery. All patients presented a GSBIS below the cut-off value of 50. ConclusionsThe TI.VA algorithm provides adequate control of clinical anaesthesia. A more sophisticated prototype needs to be developed before the trial is expanded to include larger patient populations. Clinical trial registrationNCT05199883.

Does closed-loop automated oxygen control reduce the duration of supplementary oxygen treatment and the amount of time spent in hyperoxia? A randomised controlled trial in ventilated infants born at or near term

BackgroundVentilated infants frequently require supplemental oxygen, but its use should be monitored carefully due to associated complications. The achievement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets can be challenging as neonates experience frequent fluctuations of their oxygen levels that further increase the risk of complications.Closed-loop automated oxygen control systems (CLAC) improve achievement of oxygen saturation targets, reduce hyperoxaemic episodes and facilitate weaning of the inspired oxygen concentration in ventilated infants born at or near term. This study investigates whether CLAC compared with manual oxygen control reduces the time spent in hyperoxia and the overall duration of supplemental oxygen treatment in ventilated infants born at or above 34 weeks gestation.MethodsThis randomised controlled trial performed at a single tertiary neonatal unit is recruiting 40 infants born at or above 34 weeks of gestation and within 24 h of initiation of mechanical ventilation. Infants are randomised to CLAC or manual oxygen control from recruitment till successful extubation. The primary outcome is the percentage of time spent in hyperoxia (SpO2 > 96%). The secondary outcomes are the overall duration of supplementary oxygen treatment, the percentage of time spent with an oxygen requirement above thirty per cent, the number of days on mechanical ventilation and the length of neonatal unit stay. The study is performed following informed parental consent and was approved by the West Midlands-Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee (Protocol version 1.2, 10/11/2022).DiscussionThis trial will investigate the effect of CLAC on the overall duration of oxygen therapy and the time spent in hyperoxia. These are important clinical outcomes as hyperoxic injury is related to oxidative stress that can adversely affect multiple organ systems.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.Gov NCT05657795. Registered on 12/12/2022.

Application of neuro-fuzzy systems technology for control the density of asphalt concrete mixtures in the paving process

The increase in the number of cars and trucks, and the intensity of their use, directly affects the asphalt-concrete road surfaces of roads. This is manifested in the reduction of overhaul terms of operation and large financial costs. Improving the quality and increasing the service life of asphalt concrete pavements of roads is a national economic problem. This problem is solved by improving the regulatory framework, improving the properties of road materials, optimizing and automating technological processes in road construction. Road roller density monitoring and control systems are based on Intelligent Compaction and Continuous Compaction Control technologies. In the Russian Federation, the quality of road surface construction largely depends on the results of the work of pavers, who ensure the acceptance, laying and compaction of mixtures. Many defects in the operation of road surfaces are eliminated by high-quality compaction. Automatic control and control of the sealing process for asphalt pavers have not been developed.The aim of the study is to build a density management system for asphalt pavers based on an intelligent automatic control system with feedback. Real-time prediction of the volume density of the layer, effective manual (operator) and automatic density control is organized to achieve the required quality indicators.The results of the development of a new system for intelligent control of the density asphalt concrete mixtures by pavers is considered. The automatic control system with feedback includes a continuous density control system designed to calculate the seal quality index based on the implementation of the neural network structure algorithm in real time, as well as a neuro-fuzzy PID regulator. The study considers a system with models of control objects of high order – the fourth and sixth orders. The structure of a neuro-fuzzy network of the ANFIS type is proposed. The generation of a fuzzy output system is performed on the basis of the lattice partition method. ANFIS training is performed by a hybrid method on an array of variables obtained as a result of modeling an automatic control system with an analog PID controller. Possible modes of use an intelligent compaction control system: continuous automatic control with manual control of the operating modes of compaction; automatic density control. Automatic measure of density and control compaction modes is aimed at improving the quality of asphalt concrete pavements of roads and improving the quality of asphalt pavements efficiency of technological processes road construction.

Actual issues of operation of CNC machines — preparation of control programs

The article analyzes various options for the preparation of control programs for CNC machines: the use of computer-aided design systems, the use of integrated CNC editors, the use of universal computing tools (personal computers, laptops, tablets), interactive writing of the program in manual control mode, the use of templates for specific processing methods, the use of converters that convert control programs developed by for other CNC systems, the use of converters from raster or vector files.

Design and Evaluation of the Extended FBS Model Based Gaze-Control Power Wheelchair for Individuals Facing Manual Control Challenges.

This study addresses the challenges faced by individuals with upper limb disadvantages in operating power wheelchair joysticks by utilizing the extended Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) model to identify design requirements for an alternative wheelchair control system. A gaze-controlled wheelchair system is proposed based on design requirements from the extended FBS model and prioritized using the MosCow method. This innovative system relies on the user's natural gaze and comprises three levels: perception, decision making, and execution. The perception layer senses and acquires information from the environment, including user eye movements and driving context. The decision-making layer processes this information to determine the user's intended direction, while the execution layer controls the wheelchair's movement accordingly. The system's effectiveness was validated through indoor field testing, with an average driving drift of less than 20 cm for participates. Additionally, the user experience scale revealed overall positive user experiences and perceptions of the system's usability, ease of use, and satisfaction.

Perencanaan Control Valve Pada Head Tank PLTA Tulungagung Menggunakan PLC

Head Tank of the Tulungagung Hydro Electric Power Plan of PT PJBUP Brantas still has a manual control valve which consists of a gate valve and a pair of float valves. There are some problems when the pipe of the float valve is blocked by cediment and debris, it could affect the cooling water system and make damage to the power plant. In this research, there would build a plan of the automatic control valve of the Tulungagung HEPP. PLC Siemens Simatic Step 7 was used as a control base on a SCADA software Wonderware Intouch version 10.0.0. In this modification plan, a pair of float valve changed over solenoid valve and manual gate valve change over motorized valve. For the water level that would be ultrasonic sensor SICK UM 30 as a input for the power meter Omron Procces Meter K3MA-J. The reliability of this modification are excellence and complete for the auto/manual control even for the long distance one. Moreover this modification also has excellence safety.

Private management costs of Popillia japonica: a study of viticulture in Italy.

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is classified as a high-priority pest in the European Union and is reported to have caused extensive damage to grapevine leaves in Italy. As there are few studies, which measure the beetle's socio-economic impact, we conduct a first descriptive assessment of grapevine farmers' perception of the beetle's impact and assess the pest's effect on private management costs using a partial budgeting approach. Our sample includes data from 65 producers and 118 vineyard plots. In terms of farmers' perception, we find that farmers anticipate increased management costs and believe a further spread of the beetle will lead to at least moderate yield and quality damages for the majority of plots (58-91%). While farmers do not expect to stop grapevine cultivation for the majority of vineyard plots, affected farmers they believe it is likely to very likely for 29% of plots. We also find that affected farmers rate their vines' resilience higher than unaffected farmers do. Using a partial budgeting approach, we find that a Japanese beetle infestation leads on average to a net income decrease of around €2727 per hectare. This decrease is due to an average increase in labor costs of around €1715. Additionally, an average yield reduction that results in a revenue loss of around €966 and additional control costs of around €47 per infested hectare, further contribute to the net income decrease. Even though the small number of observations does not allow us to make conclusions about the beetle's impact on the Italian viticulture sector as a whole, our findings provide first insights and demonstrate the need for environmentally friendly and effective control products that can replace labor-intensive manual control measures, which are currently applied in Japanese beetle infested vineyards.