Man's World Research Articles

It's a man's world! The role of political ideology in the hiring process for leadership positions

Previous research on gender discrimination has explored whether and why women are less likely than men to occupy leadership positions in organizations. The current research contributes to this lite...

Sheldon Pollock and Max Weber: Why Pollock is more Weberian than he thinks

Sheldon Pollock is the leading North American Indologist and his magnum opus, The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India, is a field-defining classic. Pollock takes himself to be a fierce critic of Max Weber, but in fact his comparative historical approach shares much with Weber, and where it is wanting Pollock's text would have benefited from more, not less, Weberian influence. Pollock's vision of language history and his views on religion and legitimation are considered in detail.

Analysis of Scoring of Maneuvers Performed in Elite Men's Professional Surfing Competitions.

To investigate the influence of turns, tube rides, and aerial maneuvers on the scores awarded in elite men's professional surfing competitions. The successful completion rate and scores associated with different aerial variations were also investigated. Video recordings from all 11 events of the 2015 World Surf League men's world championship tour were viewed to classify maneuvers performed by the competitors on each wave as turns, tube rides, and aerials. A 2-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect or interaction of maneuver type or event location on the wave scores. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect of aerial type on successful completion rate. Aerial maneuvers were scored significantly higher than tube rides and turns. A significant main effect existed for maneuver and completion rate. Aerial maneuvers had the lowest completion rate, 45.4%. During the finals series (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals heats) aerial-maneuver completion rate was higher, 55.4%. The frontside air reverse was the most commonly performed maneuver and received an average score of 6.77 out of 10. Professional surfers can optimize their potential single-wave scores during competition by successfully completing aerial maneuvers. However, aerial maneuvers continue to be a high-risk maneuver with a significantly lower completion rate. Our findings suggest that surfers should aim to improve their aerial-maneuver completion rate via surf practice or land-based training drills.

The Female Companion in a World of Men: Friendship and Concubinage in Late Eighteenth-century Marwar

This article maps the journey of the intimate companionship between a concubine and a Rajput ruler—Gulabrai and Vijay Singh, respectively—in the late eighteenth-century kingdom of Marwar in western Rajasthan. Based on hitherto unexamined local evidence, the article explores the ways in which a bond of friendship was constituted and unfolded in the everyday spheres of interaction between the concubine and the ruler. By turning attention to their evident emotions, such as of grief, trust, loyalty and love for each other, and shared partnership in spheres of religion and administration, this article suggests that friendship co-existed and overlapped with other forms of attachments in the overtly hierarchical relationship between the concubinage partners in focus. To emphasize the distinct form of this intimate companionship, the article also takes note of other forms of friendships that were centred on the agency of the concubine in the Rajput polity, and, in this way this article advances on the limited historical knowledge on concubinage in Rajput households and opens the possibility of including cross-sex associations in the discourse on friendship in early modern South Asia.

Life in the Fast Lane: Stacy Hollins and the Hollywood Headache

Stacy Hollins, president of Warner Bros. Television, had a big problem with Kevin Tanner, creator and show runner of the hit comedy program It's a Man's World. After nearly six years of sobriety following two DUI arrests, a divorce, and a suicide attempt, Tanner had relapsed, and Hollins was worried about both Tanner's welfare and the future of a show that was a huge money-maker for her studio. When Hollins had suggested that It's a Man's World could go on production hiatus while Tanner entered a rehabilitation facility, Tanner's agent had stated that his client would rather end the program for good—stopping one of Warner Bros. most successful and valuable sources of income—than face the embarrassment of having his creation suspended or run by someone else. Should Hollins simply fire Tanner, allow the show to remain in production with Tanner unchecked for two more months, or should she insist—despite the chance of losing It's a Man's World—that Tanner get help immediately? This case fosters quality discussions in leadership, organizational behavior, or business ethics courses that deal with sensitive personnel issues. Excerpt UVA-E-0386 Rev. Oct. 9, 2013 LIFE IN THE FAST LANE: STACY HOLLINS AND THE HOLLYWOOD HEADACHE The atmosphere was buoyant on the set of the NBC sitcom It's a Man's World, which had just finished taping its 116th episode (17th of a 24-episode order for 2011 to 2012, the show's sixth season). The production staff was gathered on the historic Stage 5 at the Warner Bros. Studio lot in Burbank, California, for its traditional postshow party, complete with chocolate fondue fountain, DJ, and full bar. After a week of 18-hour workdays, last-minute changes from the network and studio, and the standard pressures of staging a comedy show in front of a live studio audience, the staff deserved a respite. It's a Man's World, a comedy about three men raising one of the men's teenage son, was an extremely well-received show, having spent five straight seasons in the Nielsen top 20, having averaged more than 15million viewers per episode, and having won several Primetime Emmy Awards. (See Exhibits 1 and 2.) But Stacy Hollins, president of Warner Bros. Television—the studio backing the show—knew all was not well with the show. As she stood listening to the NBC executives rave about how funny the shoot had been, her thoughts shifted to Kevin Tanner, the program's volatile creator and show runner. After six years of sobriety, Tanner had recently relapsed, and his personal life was spiraling out of control. His previous three months had been littered with increasingly disturbing incidents: hospitalizations for alcohol-related injuries, drug-fueled romps with strippers, and his car having been found mysteriously abandoned on the 101 freeway. . . .

Stepdaughters of History: Southern Women and the American Civil War by Catherine Clinton

Reviewed by: Stepdaughters of History: Southern Women and the American Civil War by Catherine Clinton Angela Esco Elder Stepdaughters of History: Southern Women and the American Civil War. By Catherine Clinton. Walter Lynwood Fleming Lectures in Southern History. ( Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2016. Pp. xx, 144. $27.50, ISBN 978-0-8071-6457-0.) When Catherine Clinton received an invitation to deliver the seventy-third annual Walter Lynwood Fleming Lectures in Southern History at Louisiana State University, she was in the midst of several projects. Faced with the prospect of choosing just one to share, she ultimately decided that since "there was just the slightest hint that I might want to offer lectures on the topic of women … how could I resist revisiting the topic of southern women and the Civil War?" (p. xiii). This book is not simply the product of those lectures; it is also the result of a lifetime of research and thought on the topic and reveals a wartime female experience that was anything but monolithic. "I believe in taking every opportunity to afford women a platform, a place at the table—even if we don't like the menu," writes Clinton in her preface, warning that the book to come is not simply a reflection on the state of the field (p. xvii). The first chapter focuses on elite white women, the "band of sisters" who sacrificed for the Confederate war effort, wrote their way through the war, and often embraced blind patriotism (p. xv). Clinton traces the wartime experiences and writings of familiar nineteenth-century names including Mary Boykin Chesnut, Winnie Davis, Louisa McCord, Sarah Morgan, Sallie Pickett, Kate Stone, and Augusta Jane Evans Wilson. Clinton maintains that "the blood of the lash could not be whitewashed away by even the most eloquent of memoirists, and yet the band of sisters would die trying" (p. 39). In her next chapter Clinton turns to "impermissible patriots," white women defined by "their defiance rather than their accomplishments" (p. 41). These women tested gender norms and challenged societal expectations even as they expressed deep loyalty to the Confederacy. A driving force in this chapter is Loreta Janeta Velazquez, a woman who published a memoir claiming she fought as a Confederate officer, and historians' mixed treatment of her tale. This chapter is particularly thought provoking as Clinton manages to tie topics like the need for research on nineteenth-century dress reform to recent gendered language about Hillary Clinton and pantsuits. "Whatever their political and personal agendas," Catherine Clinton concludes, "scholars might reframe and recast Confederate women's defiant careers in more balanced terms, in order to recognize women who seized the opportunity to serve their country" (p. 74). The final chapter analyzes the history and implications of "Mammy," a "carefully cultivated" image replacing the real African American women who fought for and redefined freedom (p. 100). Clinton argues, "African American women have been absent not only from historical accounts of the Civil War but from any appreciation of its legacy for black women and the incredible transformations wrought" (p. 84). In addition to discussing the debate over which woman should appear on the twenty-dollar bill, vintage racist collectibles, the use of the term Mammy in Ireland, and the #SayHerName Twitter [End Page 990] campaign, this chapter studies the conflict between recognizing black women as historical actors and addressing "the mythical symbols of black womanhood whites have projected" (p. 93). Clinton cautions scholars against "replacing a caricature with an emblem" by creating historical work that presents "emancipated slaves as indefatigable heroes" without human flaw (p. 102). Clinton's writing is accessible and conversational, challenging readers with admonishments like, "We must not hold women in the past hostage to historical standards that keep them in the sidebars and footnotes, only including those who achieve status 'within a man's world'" (p. xviii). At under 150 pages this book is by no means exhaustive, though the footnotes offer a fairly comprehensive map of where this field stands. Clinton reminds us of the significant work that has been done as well as the significant work that remains to be done in original research, textbook publications, and college lectures. Those...

Our failure to protect sexually abused children: Where is our 'willing suspension of disbelief'?

Byline: Sheila. Ramaswamy, Shekhar. Seshadri An adolescent institutionalized boy is admitted to a hospital for behavior problems. During treatment and therapy, he disclosed that he and other children in the institution were being sexually abused by a volunteer working there. The treating team discusses the matter with the child, persuades him to allow them to report the matter to relevant authorities, and thus informs the Child Welfare Committee and the Special Juvenile Police Unit; the latter takes immediate action and arrests the volunteer, i.e., the alleged perpetrator of abuse. Following this, the institution staff come to the hospital, vent their fury on the child, ask him why he said such things about the volunteer, also pleading with the treating team to “please believe” them and stating that the child was a known liar and that the volunteer was “not that kind of person” and was incapable of abusing children. It also turns out that the child had reported the abuse earlier at the institution, wherein after some apparently desultory enquiry, the response of the institution was that “children often lie about things.” Consider the above situation, in terms of what it means for child protection in the context of sexual abuse (CSA). In recent years, with increasing reports of CSA incidents, the discourse on CSA prevention and response has been propelled into legal, educational, medical, institutional, and public policy domains; a law against child sexual abuse has come into existence (POCSO 2012); medical and forensic protocols have been developed; schools conduct abuse prevention programs; child care institution staff are trained in identification of and systemic and psychosocial responses to child sexual abuse; the government has put forth a child protection policy as well as has mechanisms such as the Integrated Child Protection Scheme to monitor children's safety; large nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as Childline have been setup to report child sexual abuse incidents; and some NGOs even exclusively work on CSA assistance and advocacy. The discourse has entered public spaces, and people's homes with social and print media providing awareness messages on the issue; innumerable conferences, workshops and meetings have been held by government departments, academic institutions, NGOs and other civil society groups to critique, discuss and disseminate information, and decide on appropriate action on CSA issues. Yet, when an individual child is abused, the story still plays out as if we live in times of pre-POCSO and no public awareness of CSA. Why is this so? Many critiques on CSA responses focus on systemic failures to protect the child following abuse—and indeed these are legitimate: lack of protocols for CSA response in child care/educational institutions, families not knowing whom to approach when CSA happens, and poor coordination between institutions and teams providing medical, psychosocial and legal assistance to the child occur, result in poor quality assistance, and further traumatization of the child. However, there is something far more germane to child sexual abuse reporting and response: that of adult (dis) belief in the child. Why Children Lie Adult belief that children tell lies (i.e., not tell the truth) may easily be countered by the fact that adults tell lies too—in fact, more so than children and with less justification than children have for lying! Let us examine why children lie. In most instances, children lie to hide things, out of a fear of something or someone; they are afraid that if they tell the truth, they will not be believed and/or they will be admonished and punished. This is exactly what happens in the context of child sexual abuse also: children hide the abuse and do not report it because they are afraid they will be disbelieved and/or punished for it. …

Performance analysis of male handball goalkeepers at the World Handball championship 2015.

Goalkeepers have a very important role in handball. In coaching communities it is well recognized that goalkeepers’ performances can predict team ranking in major tournaments. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on elite goalkeepers participating in World Championships. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse goalkeepers’ save performance during the 88 matches of the 2015 men’s World Championships tournament. Goalkeepers from 24 national teams were analysed using a tracking camera system and bespoke software (Prozone Handball V.1.2, Prozone, Leeds, UK). The purpose of this study was to examine time-motion performance parameters and to evaluate the save rates for each goalkeeper. The mean total distance covered in a game by the goalkeepers was 1634±999 m. Goalkeepers spent most of the time walking or standing. The total amount of shots to the goal was 6893, with a mean save percentage of 30% (2088 saves). A significant relationship was identified between the goalkeepers’ save statistics and the final team rankings. The save rate is important for teams to achieve a higher ranking, and therefore the selection and training of goalkeepers requires more than just assessing physical abilities. The throwing distribution and success/save rate during the Qatar 2015 Men Handball World Championships suggest strong and weak parts of the goal area, and coaches can use this information to adjust their training approaches for both goalkeepers and shooters.

Volleyball players’ somatic composition in the light of sports results at 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship

Volleyball players’ somatic composition in the light of sports results at 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship

Was It a Man's World? Gender Relationships at the Transition to the Bronze Age in Cyprus

This article examines whether the apparently equitable gender relationships of the Chalcolithic period in Cyprus were replaced by gender inequality in the Bronze Age. The discussion critiques the axioms (assumptions, really) that underlie the idea that technological advancement brings gender inequality, while considering some of the data for gender relations in Early Bronze Age Cyprus.

Pregnancy as protest in interwar British women's writing: an antecedent alternative to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World

Accounts that take Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932) as representative of interwar reproductive dystopia fail to recognise that the novel expresses both an interest and an anxiety about the...

Gender Equity Deserves the Attention of Our Societies

Gender Equity Deserves the Attention of Our Societies

Greenwashed sports and environmental activism: Formula 1 and FIFA

ABSTRACTFormula 1 motor sport and the Men's World Cup of association football, two major sporting events on our calendars, are indirectly and directly responsible for environmental despoliation. They serve as advertisements for heavy industry, are designed for elite as much as mass consumption, and provide sponsors with dubious social licenses to operate. This occurs through the very mechanisms of the events themselves (engines in Formula 1, tourism in the World Cup) as well as their promotional externalities. I look at greenwashing claims made about these two sporting events and examine counter-discourses, then investigate economic and ecological citizenship. I suggest that a progressive agenda can be forwarded if Greenpeace, which runs campaigns related to these sports, works with its fellow elites, in the case of Formula 1, and with fans in the case of football. Doing so may be more effective than business-as-usual direct action.

Determinants of Individual Investment Decisions in Investment-Based Crowdfunding

We investigate determinants of investment decisions in investment-based (equity and real estate) crowdfunding, using a novel investment-, investor- and campaign-level database. We find that this market is a man's world, with nearly 93% of investments made by men. Consistent with behavioral and finance theories, we find that women invest less in the riskiest investments but more in safer ones. Further analyses show that these findings are better explained by differences in risk aversion than differences in overconfidence between men and women. Investors located in an area considered more "sociable" (socially friendly) also invest more, but only if the investor is a woman. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of how investment-based crowdfunding can be a viable source of entrepreneurial finance and how entrepreneurs' campaign decisions affect investor participation.

Recovery and the quality of Gypsum from Natural and Artificial Pans of Various Salt-Ponds of Kanyakumari and Tuticorin Districts, Tamilnadu, India.

The story of the salt is the story of mankind. Salt has played a vital role in the development of man's activities, trade, politics, culture and world's economy from pre-historic time. The most abundant source of common salt (NaCl) is sea water, in view of that 71% of earth surface is covered with sea water, which contains 2.5% common salt. Next to sea water the concentration of sodium chloride is high in subsoil brine and backwater brine. The production of common salt is mainly by solar evaporation of sea brine, subsoil and backwater brines. Thus the technique of solar salt production involves fractional crystallization of the salts in different brines. While the process for solar evaporation of brines is same around the world, but the product quality vary considerably. During the production of salt, the valuable by-product of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is also obtained. The sea water contains about 3.6% CaSO4, which is in-exhaustible and can be renewable. The recovery of gypsum from different brines is substantial and its comparable with the production of commercially available mineral gypsum in market. The most influential parameters potentially affecting the crystallization process of gypsum were water, salinity, temperature, type and amount of dissolved organic compounds, PH and organic waste products from microorganisms. The quality of gypsum from natural and artificial pans in the salt ponds of Kanyakumari and Tuticorin districts were taken in to consideration.

'You become a man in a man's world': is there discursive space for women in surgery?

The UK set a target of 20% of the surgical consultant workforce to be represented by women by 2009; in 2012, it remains 7%. Studies have attributed this shortfall to the nature of careers in surgery and differing career aspirations among women. Rather than exploring barriers to participation, this study aims to explore the self-narratives of those women who do undertake surgical careers and who do come to see themselves as surgeons. The study comprises 15 individual interviews with women in surgical careers, from those aspiring to be surgeons, to senior and retired surgeons. Data were explored using discourse analysis with a priori themes derived from the literature on women in surgery and Holland et al.'s theoretical framework of Figured Worlds. Discourses of being a surgeon and discourses of being a woman, existed in competition. Female surgeons figured surgery as a career requiring 100% dedication, as they did motherhood, although the demands of the two roles differed and consequently the roles were not discursively compatible. Many related powerfully negative experiences in which their gender had marked them out as 'other' within surgery. Women described how they were expected to show masculine traits as surgeons and the ways to consequently become legitimate in the surgical world as a 'woman surgeon'. They found creative ways to articulate how women in general, and feminine qualities in particular, enhanced surgery. Finally, some women engaged in identity work, termed 'world making', - the creative orchestration of discourses of surgeonhood and motherhood to be mutually sustaining. There is little discursive space in which to be both a successful woman and a successful surgeon. Those who combine these roles must either be innovative in refiguring what it means to be a woman or what it means to be a surgeon, or they must author a new space for themselves, a powerful discursive process termed 'world making'.

It's Not a Man's World After All

Men have a significantly higher risk for melanoma, and two-thirds of melanoma deaths in the U.S. occur in men, but no convincing biological

Moralising Magic? A Brief History of Football Potions in a South African Homeland Area, 1958 – 2010

In this article I show how a brief history of the use of an exceptionally wide variety of potions with assumed mystical effects by football teams in the Bushbuckridge area of South Africa provides a unique vantage point for understanding men's experiences of political and economic transformations associated with the homeland system. Historically, the advent of football coincided with the establishment of the Lebowa and Gazankulu homelands in the area. Teachers and ministers founded the first football teams during the 1960s, and treated the sport pedagogically, as preparation for labour migration. During this era, teams felt compelled to use substances prescribed by the Holy Spirit to protect themselves against the potions of their opponents, which they associated with the malevolent practice of witchcraft. However, in the mid 1970s, football was commercialised and businessmen became the prime patrons of football teams. Coaches now started using offensive potions to attain favourable results. Players themselves began to use potions more extensively during the insecure economic environment of the 1990s, when football became a means of reconfirming masculine status. My analysis points to the salience of labour and patronage in men's life worlds, and shows how magic became moralised in desperate times.

Fanfare for the Uncommon Neuro-Ophthalmologist: A Tribute to Irma Miller Lessell.

Fanfare for the Uncommon Neuro-Ophthalmologist: A Tribute to Irma Miller Lessell.

Transformation of Everydayness in the Modern Media Society

Characteristic features of modern society - emerging of new forms of sociality, network communication - have given rise to rediscovery of everydayness initiated by modern human sciences. The search of new foundations for everyday reality studies came to replace metaphysical constructs of the previous age. Admitting polyvariety of the world, its being heterogeneous, social theory disclosed a complex structure of everydayness, its inability to be narrowed down to a certain abstract characteristics. Since it is in the man's everyday world where transformations typical for the society manifest themselves, manifoldness of individual experiences and practices has become the subject matter of interdisciplinary analysis. Currently, with the development of new and the increased contact density in daily life not only the nature of social communication has changed, but also the impact areas of visual information. Visibility has become an important part of everyday life, its images represent the lifestyle and types of relations, design the perception and the structure of the human consciousness, their particular way of seeing the world. In the epoch of media everydayness is losing its stability and sustainability being ceaselessly exposed to superfast, mobile visual images. They act as a kind of patterns, models of everyday behaviour. Due to technical repeatability images can integrate into our life in no time replacing immediate experience, giving rise to the phenomenon of reality simulation. Through constructing and replacing reality, simplifying communication language, visual images are becoming, in essence, some universal cultural code and generate new ways of social interaction and communication acting herewith as a condition for social communities formation.