Manner Of Motion Verbs Research Articles

Learnability problems in the acquisition of the manner-of-motion verbs in L2 English by L1 Spanish speakers

En inglés la oración “John ran into the house” tiene un significado semántico de dirección mientras que la misma oración, en español, tiene un significado semántico de ubicación. La diferencia reside en que, en el idioma inglés, los verbos conocidos como verbos de movimiento que al combinarse con una preposición de dirección resultan en una oración de dirección; mientras que en español solo existe un significado de ubicación y para expresar un evento con significado de dirección se requiere utilizar una oración diferente, como por ejemplo, “John entered the house running”. Esta diferencia sintáctica-semántica causa problemas de aprendizaje del inglés a algunos hablantes. Algunas investigaciones previas revelan que los idiomas similares en este aspecto al español, como el japonés, presentan la misma problemática al transferir la gramática de la L1 a la L2 (Inagaki, 2002). Otro ejemplo es el del coreano, que al igual que el japonés y el español, presenta esta problemática de aprendizaje en el campo sintáctico-semántico inglés como L2 (Zubizarreta y Oh, 2007). Los lingüistas están de acuerdo en que esta problemática se puede analizar en como las lenguas expresan los eventos en los predicados complejos. Una de las teorías más utilizadas para el análisis de este tipo de eventos es la clasificación tipológica de las lenguas en Verb-Framed y Satellite-Framed (Talmy, 2000). Con el objetivo de investigar si los hispano hablantes adquieren el significado semántico-sintáctico de dirección, al combinar un verbo de movimiento con una preposición de dirección, en el idioma inglés, se realizo el siguiente experimento. Primeramente, se asumió que los hispanohablantes con un nivel bajo del idioma inglés iban a transferir las propiedades semánticas de su L1 expresar dirección en inglés y, que posteriormente, una vez que hubieran alcanzado un nivel mayor serían capaces de interiorizar la construcción correcta para expresar dirección en la L2. En esta investigación se aplicó un instrumento propuesto por Stringer (2012) que consiste en un set de dibujos en el que los participantes tenían que seleccionar la oración acorde al dibujo presentado. El instrumento se aplicó a 62 participantes que estaban divididos en tres grupos de estudio dependiendo de su nivel de inglés. Los grupos se conformaron de la siguiente manera: 27 participantes de nivel básico, 15 participantes de nivel intermedio y 20 participantes de nivel avanzado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que incluso los participantes del nivel básico eran capaces de detectar correctamente las oraciones con un significado semántico de dirección. Al parecer , los resultados indican que los participantes en este experimento adquieren el significado semántico-sintáctico debido al aprendizaje que obtienen en el salón de clases, y esto les permite adquirir los verbos de movimiento desde niveles básicos.

The role of creativity on the translation of motion verbs: data on the translation product and process

The present study researches the correlation between translators’ creative personality and their behaviour by using a combination of psychological, key-logging and screen-recording methods as well as the evaluation of participants’ translation output. Participants were asked to translate a literary text without knowing that it posed the additional challenge of transferring manner of motion verbs into Spanish. The experiment correlated the participants’ scores on a validated creativity test (i.e., CREA, Corbalán Berná et al., 2003) with their scores on process indicators of fluency as one of the key dimensions of creativity as well as product indicators of flexibility, novelty, and accuracy. To this purpose, the logging tool Inputlog was used to measure dwell ratio, total translation time, time interval between ST processing and TT production and time devoted to revision. The screen recording software CamStudio was also used to analyse participants’ creativity in searching and retrieving information. Although few significant statistical results were found, our study suggests that creative translators’ potential can be traced both in their translation product and process.

The Manner Result Complementarity and the Lexicalization Pattern of Chinese Motion Verbs

Rappaport Hovav and Levin (1998, 2010) propose manner/result complementarity hypothesis (MRC), i.e. verbs can not lexicalize manner and result simultaneously at a time. As to the encoding of motion events, Levin et al. (2009) also claim that manner of motion verbs across languages simply lexicalize manner and no direction is entailed. However, three basic motion verbs in Chinese--zǒu ‘walk’, pǎo ‘run’ and fēi ‘fly’, which are regarded as prototypical manner of motion verbs but also seem to lexicalize directed motion when used in some constructions. Then questions arise: do these verbs lexicalize direction of motion and are they counterexamples of the MRC? Based on evidence gained from a series of linguistic tests, this study argues that on the one hand different from views of Levin et al. (2009), the three manner of motion verbs can indeed lexicalize directed motion, but on the other hand they never encode the manner and direction of motion simultaneously and thus they are not counterexamples of the MRC. The fact that manner of motion verbs exhibiting similar lexicalization pattern can also be found in other languages indicates that the prototypical manner encoded in these verbs may be the conceptual condition for the special lexicalization pattern.

Pazar Laz as a weak verb-framed language

AbstractPazar Laz (pl) has a rich set of spatial prefixes, which encode path information as separate morphemes. However, unlike satellite-framed languages,plspatial prefixes are incompatible with manner of motion verbs, which do not inherently encode path information, but they can only be used with directed motion verbs where the path information is available in the lexical semantics of the verb. Given this pattern, complementingAcedo-Matellán (2016)’s classification of weak vs. strong satellite-framed languages, we argue that verb-framed languages are also of two types. While languages like Romance are strong verb-framed languages encoding Path directly in the verb root,plconstitutes an example of a weak verb-framed language, where Path is affixal and forms a single word with the verb. We argue that spatial prefixes spell out the underassociated Path projection of the verb à laRamchand (2008b).

Algumas considerações sobre leituras estativas de verbos de movimento em Português Europeu

A significant number of the so-called verbs of motion exhibit a consistent alternation between an eventive and a stative reading. In this view, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the linguistic factors that contribute to this aspectual behaviour regarding verbs of motion in European Portuguese. In particular, we consider the fictive motion hypothesis; the influence of tenses like the Presente do Indicativo (Simple Present) and the Imperfeito (Imperfect) that stativize the predications with which they co-occur; the status of the “figure” and, finally, the role played by the different subclasses of verbs of motion, with special reference to the distinction between inherently directed verbs and manner of motion verbs. We conclude that, like other types of verbs, the aspectual feature of dynamicity seems to play a crucial role in the alternation at hand.

O papel das noções de causação interna e controle na representação dos verbos dinâmicos monoargumentais

Este artigo discute o papel das noções de causação interna e controle na representação léxico-conceitual de algumas subclasses de verbos dinâmicos monoargumentais, como os verbos de modo de movimento (p. ex., correr, rolar), de processos corporais (p. ex., rir, espirrar) e de emissão (p. ex., chiar, apitar). Os objetivos são analisar como essas propriedades determinam a participação desses verbos no processo de causativização e propor uma maneira de representá-las na estrutura conceitual desses predicados, sob a luz da Semântica Conceitual (JACKENDOFF, 1983; 1990; 2002). Para tanto, são examinados alguns problemas da proposta de Jackendoff (1990) para o tratamento dos verbos de modo de movimento, de modo a mostrar que o autor não dá conta do comportamento desses verbos em relação à causativização. São discutidas também análises clássicas das noções de controle, causação interna e eventos acionais na semântica lexical, que servem como base para a proposta apresentada neste trabalho. A hipótese defendida é a de que a distinção entre os predicados primitivos MOVE e ACT, através dos traços de controle e causação interna, é crucial para que se possa representar adequadamente a estrutura léxico-conceitual das subclasses de verbos dinâmicos monoargumentais e dar conta de sua participação ou não na causativização.

A Comparative Analysis of Locative and Directional Motion Events in English and Arabic

<p>This paper provides a contrastive analysis of locative and directional motion events in English and Arabic. Within a micro‑parametric approach to crosslinguistic variation, it argues that both languages encode the distinction between manner and direction in their inventory of motion verbs. In the prepositional domain, purely locative and directional prepositions are shown to exist in the two languages; they respectively derive locative and directional interpretations with manner of motion verbs. The class of ambiguous prepositions, which gives rise to both locative and directional interpretations, is shown to be distinctive of English. Implications of this contrastive analysis to the bidirectional acquisition of English and Arabic locative and directional motion constructions are discussed.</p>

ENCODING PATH IN MOTION EVENTS: BOUNDARY-CROSSING AS A RELEVANT TYPOLOGICAL CRITERION

Talmy’s (1975, 1985, 1991, 2000) seminal work on motion events representation in languages that led to significant typological distinctions is primarily based on the differences in encoding (framing) of the Path, as one of the basic semantic components of such events, either in the V(erb stem) or in the S(atellite) – which accounts for the proposed typological language dichotomy V-framed (VLs) and S-framed languages (SLs). Although the above distinction is a very important one, having implications at the level of syntactic structure, crosslinguistic data indicate to some variations that further prompted researchers to question a clear-cut binary typological opposition. Thus, more thorough data from Romance languages (in addition to Spanish, French and Italian) led to re-considering their status as VLs and rather considering them belonging to the third class of “split” languages (Talmy). The aim of the paper is to analyze the place of Romanian in this typological classification, through making observation on the Path representation in motion events in contrasted narrative texts translated from English (a SL) into Romanian. The hypothesis is that Romanian might claim a mixed typological status, eventually belonging to the class of “split” languages based on the assumption that, first, it is not so poor in manner of motion verbs (MmV) as it is presumably the case of VLs (see the alternative labels sometimes attached to SLs vs. VLs, respectively – manner-rich vs. manner-poor languages) and, second, it does not exclude the possibility of using complex Path as satellite to a MmV, particularly boundary-crossing, which can serve as a test to determine the typological class of language (e.g., a țâșnit de dupa perdea (lit. rushed from behind the curtain) – ‘rushed out from behind the curtain’; a lunecat de pe acoperiș (lit. slipped from on the roof) – ‘slipped from the roof’. In this respect, the paper aims at focusing on the nature of the second preposition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.7.5

Meanings, propositions, and verbs

The event template for a verb is a lexical representation of the type of event that the verb can denote. Manner of motion verbs have a simple template: An entity is engaged in a manner of motion activity (e.g., walk). Change of location verbs have a different template: An entity changes from one location to another (e.g., arrive). We propose, and support empirically, that these templates determine the propositional structures of sentences in which the verbs are used.

Decomposing path shapes: about an interplay of manner of motion and 'the path'

In this paper we will develop a formal conceptual model of how the path in a motion situation interacts with the semantic analysis of so called 'motion shape verbs' like 'wackeln' ('wobble'), a subclass of the so called 'manner of motion verbs'. Central to this model will be the distinction between two concepts of motion: translational motion and nontranslational motion, which has no inherent translational component but puts emphasis on describing specific Motion Shape Patterns. We will define and algorithmically describe a theory of Path Shape Decomposition that aims at algorithmically deriving the translational vs. nontranslational distinction from the shape of the path. To account for object internal motion, we additionally introduce Bounding Box encapsulation, which yields a topological division of inner and outer movement. Finally we demonstrate how the outcome of such a technical decomposition can be used in modelling a Path Superimposition scenario like 'Peter wackelt über die Straße'.

Decomposing path shapes: about an interplay of manner of motion and 'the path'

In this paper we will develop a formal conceptual model of how the path in a motion situation interacts with the semantic analysis of so called ‘motion shape verbs’ like ‘wackeln’ (‘wobble’), a subclass of the so called ‘manner of motion verbs’. Central to this model will be the distinction between two concepts of motion: translational motion and nontranslational motion, which has no inherent translational component but puts emphasis on describing specific Motion Shape Patterns. We will define and algorithmically describe a theory of Path Shape Decomposition that aims at algorithmically deriving the translational vs. nontranslational distinction from the shape of the path. To account for object internal motion, we additionally introduce Bounding Box encapsulation, which yields a topological division of inner and outer movement. Finally we demonstrate how the outcome of such a technical decomposition can be used in modelling a Path Superimposition scenario like ‘Peter wackelt u¨ ber die Strase’.

Lexical Structure and Parsing Complexity

In recent work on sentence processing, lexical frequencies have been proposed as a primary mechanism for syntactic and lexical disam biguation. In this paper, we instead focus on the consequences that the structural configuration of lexical knowledge has for the timecourse of parsing. We concentrate on reduced relative clauses and propose a new lexical-structural analysis for those verbs that are difficult in this construction, manner of motion verbs. The interaction between the proposed lexical structure and the com petitive attachment parser (Stevenson, 1994b) explains the persistent difficulty of this construction with a manner of motion verb, even in disambiguating contexts (e.g. a reduced relative in object position) or with non-am biguous past participle verb forms. W eighted influences on the activation competition are possible with other verbs, and the model can therefore also explain data that dem onstrate contextual effects on reduced relatives with sim ple transitives. Consequences for the frequency-based models, and all models which base the explanation of the difficulty on the ambiguity of the past participle form, are discussed.