Use Of Texts Research Articles

From text to allegory: ideological turns in Shamel Abatha’s translation of Animal Farm in the socio-political context of Egypt’s Pre-Arab Spring

ABSTRACT The influence of ideology on the process of translation has been one of the most controversial debates among scholars and translators who may undergo multiple challenges due to certain ideological demands, whether they be political, cultural or religious. In the Arab world, the socio-political scene has been dominated by ideological shifts since the outbreak of the Arab Spring. These shifts have influenced Arab scholars and translators in many possible ways, one of which is the reproduction of incisive narratives that not only account for the causes and effects of revolutions that swept different regions in the Arab world but also provoke political reform. In this vein, this article investigates Shamel Abatha’s translation of George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) to Arabic. It specifically explores Abatha’s political orientations which result in daring textual manipulations of Orwell’s text before the Arab Spring in Egypt in 2011. Following Mona Baker’s narrative theory, the article demonstrates how Abatha’s target text turns into a socio-political national allegory that embodies critical ideological implications. The corpus consists of selected comparisons between Orwell’s Animal Farm and Abatha’s مزرعة الحيوانات [mazraat alḥywānāt] (2009) to show how translation strategies expound the impact of the latter’s political environment on his translation.

Performance pressure and annual report text manipulation: Evidence from China

AbstractBuilding on attribution theory, this study investigates the antecedents of corporate annual report text manipulation from the perspective of managerial performance pressure. Using a data set comprising 15,076 samples from companies listed on China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐share markets between 2009 and 2021, we reveal that as management faces performance pressure, they tend to increase content about external environmental risk and policy uncertainty in annual reports due to actor–observer bias. When incorporating Confucian cultural factors into the research framework, the study found that the strength of Confucian culture mitigates the correlation between the pressure of management performance and annual report manipulation. However, the level of marketization where a corporation is located can undermine the ethical norms upheld by Confucian culture. In additional analysis, we also discovered that the longer the duration of performance pressure, the greater the extent of manipulation within the annual reports initiated by the management. Interestingly, the social performance pressure generated from ESG performance also positively influences annual report textual manipulation, compared to operational performance pressure. This study explores the impact of management performance pressure on information disclosure decisions from the perspective of performance attribution, not only extending the boundaries of attribution theory but also providing guidance for policymakers to enhance the supervision of annual report disclosures and for capital market investors to optimize investment decisions.

Bundle manipulation: the use of accounting and textual obfuscation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore whether managers and firms engage in bundle manipulation. It examines the effect of discretionary accruals and real activities manipulation on the level of complexity in annual reports. Design/methodology/approach The findings from the examination of the 1,435 annual reports of Canadian listed firms engaging in discretionary accruals and real activities manipulation indicate that these firms produce complex annual reports. Findings The authors, therefore, suggest that managers and firms use bundle manipulation, both accounting and textual, to mislead shareholders and stakeholders. The analyses also suggest that it is more difficult to detect the manipulation of real activities than discretionary accruals through textual analysis. Originality/value The authors propose an in-depth examination of how accruals and real activities manipulations affect the level of readability of firms’ reports. Furthermore, the authors suggest that firms engage in bundle manipulation, including accounting and textual manipulation. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between accounting and linguistic manipulations. The study suggests that investors could use the complexity of annual reports to detect earnings management. More specifically, it seems that firms engaging in discretionary accruals produce complex annual reports.

On the development of linguistic and cultural competence in a Chinese audience (based on media texts)

This scientific article examines the concepts of “media-text” and “linguistic and cultural competence”, analyzes various definitions of these concepts in the works of researchers in the Russian Federation and describes the features of working with media texts in classes of Russian as a foreign language.The article emphasizes the importance of including media texts in the educational process for the effective presentation and control of the acquisition of linguistic and cultural information, the development of productive and receptive types of speech activity in Chinese students, in particular, the skills of listening, speaking and reading.This scientific article provides teachers with recommendations and methodological approaches to the selection of certain media texts for use in classes of Russian as a foreign language. The results of the study may be useful for the further development of educational materials aimed at developing linguistic and cultural competence in Chinese students.As a result of the research, we have found that media texts are an essential tool for learning language and culture in a multicultural context; the use of media texts increases foreign students’ motivation and interest in learning Russian as a foreign language. The article presents the results of an experimental study that confirm the hypothesis that media texts contribute to the development of linguistic and cultural competence and have a positive effect on the learning process.

The Critical Discourse Analysis of the Two Persian Translations of the Hunchback of Notre-Dame Based on Farahzad’s Translation Quality Assessment Model (2009)

The current study attempted to examine the two translated texts by Parsayar, and Mohebi, that is, the Persian translation of the Novel, Hunch back of Notredame by Victor Hugo. This study was performed based on Farahzad’s (2009) dimensional model of CDA. The process followed the strategies of Venuty, Ivir, and the study employed strategies, under the theoretical framework, the model of Farahzad, to examine ideological implication, and manipulation conveyed in translation text. To this end, researcher zoomed the corpus, picked the lexicons, structure, phrases and verbs. To this end, four-chapters of the novel were randomly selected for the current study. The researcher got into them precisely to unveil the burden of ideological implication of words, phrases, even specific cultural bond as Farahzad called it micro level. The case was followed by other level called macro, the area of socio-cultural and political issue. Based on this point of view, the two translators used the specific translation strategies. The commonly used ones, by Mohebi (2016) were substitution, domestication, and addition in a discursive and connotation way. In parallel, Parsayar (2022) had focused more on denotation and aesthetic texts. The study tried to unveil the ideological implication at the level of the degree of excitement, tone pitch, and appropriate verb and noun that befit to their own position in the context. The findings revealed some ideological manipulation of the target text, the manipulation resulted from external, and internal variables including social standing, religion, and some extracted based on unsuitable translation strategy. Ultimately, the findings of this study have some implications applicable not only in the political and cultural aspects, but they can also be utilized for teachers and students in translation studies.

EMF-Net: An edge-guided multi-feature fusion network for text manipulation detection

Text images have a more uniform background than natural images, making it difficult to capture tampering traces. Thus, it poses significant challenges to the detection and localization of tampered text images. To effectively detect tampered text images, we propose the edge-guided multi-feature fusion network (EMF-Net) including four different modules, the difference semantic discriminator (DSD), the edge-guidance feature aggregation module (EFAM), the edge supervised module (ESM), and the multi-branch attention-induced fusion module (MAFM). The proposed network combines RGB images and learned noise-sensitive features to deeply excavate the hidden tampered region features to improve the detection accuracy due to the insufficient feature information. Meanwhile, the multi-branch attention-induced fusion and semantic discriminator methods are integrated to reduce false alarms by shielding the feature interference in non-tampered regions and diminish the external interference. Furthermore, we craft a dataset of 12,000 text images and their tempered versions with three tempering operations including copy-move, splicing and inpainting. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed network can improve the generalization performance and achieve the higher detection accuracy compared to current other state-of-the-art methods.

Человек читающий и человек сочиняющий: «Бедная Лиза» (1792) Н.М. Карамзина и «Записки из подполья» (1864) Ф.М. Достоевского

The article analyses the image of homo legens in Poor Liza by Nikolay Karamzin and Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky. The novelist considers Karamzin’s short story as a part of the process of the knowledge of the human being in the 19th century. In contrast to positivist philosophical knowledge, which, according to Dostoevsky, simplifies the phenomenon of the person, the writer, with the help of Karamzin’s artistic discoveries in the short story Poor Liza, creates the image of the Underground Man as a person who both reads and writes. Typologically, the encounter of the dreamer with a girl in Notes from Underground repeats the situation in Poor Liza. Erast dreams of an idyll and “invents” his future life with Liza according to the laws of the genre, while the peasant woman, unlike the reading hero, understands that dreams cannot be realized. In Dostoevsky’s novella the situation is more complicated. Following literary models, the Underground Man creates two stories in an idyllic and anti-idyllic key, in order to manipulate the soul of another person and to affirm himself. At first, Liza does not believe the words of the visitor or the possibility of leaving the brothel. The Underground Man prefaces his stories with two biblical quotations: “the image and likeness of God” and “lay down your life for the sake of friends.” He introduces the sacred as a means of manipulation of the heroine’s feelings. Having identified these quotations, Liza sincerely believes in the possibility of leaving the brothel and offers her love to the dreamer, which the author sees as an opportunity for him to come out of “the underground.” The hero cannot accept this chance. By creating the image of homo legens in Notes from Underground Dostoevsky shows that a chaotic and blind adherence to literary genres, situations, and gestures together with the manipulation of both literary and sacred texts places man in a position of insoluble conflict with “living life.”

Guide for the application of the data augmentation approach on sets of texts in Spanish for sentiment and emotion analysis.

Over the last ten years, social media has become a crucial data source for businesses and researchers, providing a space where people can express their opinions and emotions. To analyze this data and classify emotions and their polarity in texts, natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as emotion analysis (EA) and sentiment analysis (SA) are employed. However, the effectiveness of these tasks using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods depends on large labeled datasets, which are scarce in languages like Spanish. To address this challenge, researchers use data augmentation (DA) techniques to artificially expand small datasets. This study aims to investigate whether DA techniques can improve classification results using ML and DL algorithms for sentiment and emotion analysis of Spanish texts. Various text manipulation techniques were applied, including transformations, paraphrasing (back-translation), and text generation using generative adversarial networks, to small datasets such as song lyrics, social media comments, headlines from national newspapers in Chile, and survey responses from higher education students. The findings show that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier achieved the most significant improvement, with an 18% increase using the Generative Adversarial Networks for Sentiment Text (SentiGan) on the Aggressiveness (Seriousness) dataset. Additionally, the same classifier model showed an 11% improvement using the Easy Data Augmentation (EDA) on the Gender-Based Violence dataset. The performance of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BETO) also improved by 10% on the back-translation augmented version of the October 18 dataset, and by 4% on the EDA augmented version of the Teaching survey dataset. These results suggest that data augmentation techniques enhance performance by transforming text and adapting it to the specific characteristics of the dataset. Through experimentation with various augmentation techniques, this research provides valuable insights into the analysis of subjectivity in Spanish texts and offers guidance for selecting algorithms and techniques based on dataset features.

The Impacts of Social Humanoid Robot’s Nonverbal Communication on Perceived Personality Traits

The use of humanoid robots has surged in recent decades. However, the nonverbal features in shaping robot personalities remain underexplored. This study investigates how nonverbal cues (including textual and gestural elements) can generate a spectrum of robot personality traits (introvert, ambivert, and extrovert) and evaluates their impact on users’ cognitive perceptions. Textual manipulations involved three iterations, adjusting word count, information structure, and visual effects. Gestural designs underwent two iterations, altering movement frequency, speed, and size. Multiple empirical studies were conducted to assess the development of robot personality traits and their effects. The results confirm the effectiveness of these nonverbal approaches in characterizing diverse robot personalities and significantly influencing users’ cognitive framing. This research provides valuable design guidelines for leveraging a humanoid robot’s nonverbal features to create a variety of personality traits. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering a spectrum of robot personalities rather than focusing solely on extreme traits.

Data augmentation via context similarity: An application to biomedical Named Entity Recognition

In this paper, we present COntext SImilarity-based data augmentation for NER (COSINER), a new method for improving Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks using data augmentation. Unlike current techniques, which may generate noisy and mislabeled samples through text manipulation, COSINER uses context similarity to replace entity mentions with more plausible ones on the basis of available training data and considering the context in which entities typically appear. Through experiments on popular benchmark datasets, we show that COSINER outperforms existing baselines in various few-shot scenarios where training data is limited. Additionally, our method’s computing times are comparable to the simplest augmentation methods and are better than approaches that rely on pre-trained models in their architecture.

Towards Multimodal Disinformation Detection by Vision-language Knowledge Interaction

Disinformation created by artificial neural networks has been widespread along with the recent rapid progress in multimodal learning, and the arising of vision-language foundation models. This disinformation caused a substantial negative impact on society. To solve this pressing issue, numerous efforts have been made to detect either image deepfake or text manipulation. These methods generally focus on a single modality while ignoring the complementary knowledge provided by the counterpart in the other modalities. In this paper, we aim to detect multimodal disinformation and further identify manipulated image areas or text tokens. To this aim, a novel framework termed Vision-language Knowledge Interaction (ViKI) is designed to explore the semantic correlation of an object in different modalities. Specifically, we propose a vision-language embedding regulator to build a joint feature space in which the embeddings of the same semantic are well-aligned. Besides, we perform cross-modality knowledge interaction so as to aggregate uni-modality embedding by adaptively injecting cross-modality information. By exploring vision-language knowledge jointly, ViKI produces accurate predictions for detecting and grounding disinformation. We demonstrate the superiority of ViKI by ablation studies and comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods on large-scale benchmarks. Notably, ViKI outperforms the state-of-the-art works by a rise of 3.71% in precision and 2.14% in CF1 respectively.

Fan perspectives of queer representation in DC's Legends of Tomorrow on Tumblr and AO3

DC's Legends of Tomorrow (2016–2022) is a television show with an ensemble cast of existing characters from other DC TV shows, formed into a single, time-traveling team of antiheroes. The show is known for its inclusion of multiple queer characters, particularly Sara Lance, the show's long-running central character and captain of the Legends team and an openly bisexual woman. Fans use Tumblr and Archive of Our Own to discuss queer characters, canonical same-sex pairings, and noncanonical slash pairings. Queer representation in television matters to the show's fan community, and users are appreciative of and invested in canonically queer characters and pairings. Beyond the canon content, users are perhaps equally invested in noncanonical queer pairings and utilize manipulation of the source text in order to appreciate these pairings. Fans simultaneously enjoy watching and blogging about the show while also forming their own interpretations of queer characters and relationships. However, the central canon queer couple of the show is still by far the most popular with fans, and fans pay more attention to white characters and relationships, regardless of canonicity, than to the show's characters of color.

Investigating D.H. Lawrence's Persona in Late Poems During the Savage Pilgrimage: A Psychoanalytic Approach

The academic field of literary criticism or literary theory has long taken advantage of the covert connection between literature and psychoanalysis, as this study did when it employed a psychoanalytic technique to analyze a literary work. Psychoanalysis is one of the contentious and unappreciated literary criticism philosophies among many readers (Hossain, 2017, p. 41). The persona or the character of the literary work is one of the literary methods. This study seeks to identify the late persona in D.H. Lawrence's final three collections of poetry, which were composed near the time of the author's death due to extremely poor health. The study of a writer's unintended message is referred to as psychoanalytical critique. The investigation's main point of interest is the author's biographical background. The main goal is to look at the unconscious components of a literary work in the context of the author's upbringing. It is a technique for correctly and critically understanding the literary material. Additionally, it is a type of psychoanalytic reading. We can understand literary texts better by using psychoanalytical thinking. We can swiftly master the subject matter thanks to the manipulation of the literary text and the sharper picture it produces. Psychoanalytical critique is one of the most fundamental reading strategies for comprehending the psyche (Ahmed, 2021, p. 2).

Understanding Views Around the Creation of a Consented, Donated Databank of Clinical Free Text to Develop and Train Natural Language Processing Models for Research: Focus Group Interviews With Stakeholders

Information stored within electronic health records is often recorded as unstructured text. Special computerized natural language processing (NLP) tools are needed to process this text; however, complex governance arrangements make such data in the National Health Service hard to access, and therefore, it is difficult to use for research in improving NLP methods. The creation of a donated databank of clinical free text could provide an important opportunity for researchers to develop NLP methods and tools and may circumvent delays in accessing the data needed to train the models. However, to date, there has been little or no engagement with stakeholders on the acceptability and design considerations of establishing a free-text databank for this purpose. This study aimed to ascertain stakeholder views around the creation of a consented, donated databank of clinical free text to help create, train, and evaluate NLP for clinical research and to inform the potential next steps for adopting a partner-led approach to establish a national, funded databank of free text for use by the research community. Web-based in-depth focus group interviews were conducted with 4 stakeholder groups (patients and members of the public, clinicians, information governance leads and research ethics members, and NLP researchers). All stakeholder groups were strongly in favor of the databank and saw great value in creating an environment where NLP tools can be tested and trained to improve their accuracy. Participants highlighted a range of complex issues for consideration as the databank is developed, including communicating the intended purpose, the approach to access and safeguarding the data, who should have access, and how to fund the databank. Participants recommended that a small-scale, gradual approach be adopted to start to gather donations and encouraged further engagement with stakeholders to develop a road map and set of standards for the databank. These findings provide a clear mandate to begin developing the databank and a framework for stakeholder expectations, which we would aim to meet with the databank delivery.

Hungarian queer: The chances of a paradigm in writing Hungarian literary history

AbstractThe study discusses the possibilities of the scholarly processing of Hungarian queer literature. In particular, it takes into account the diversity of interpretive strategies and focuses on methods that can productively liberate canonized interpretations and act subversively against the expropriation and manipulation of literary texts. The imported categories of queer study of literature can often only be applied with modifications to Hungarian and Central European literature. The author argues that queer interpretation is not a stigma, nor is it a trademark, but a field of freedom.

The Lyre and the Lyric: Spanish Vihuelists and the Courtly Poetry of the Renaissance

This article provides a close examination of sixteenth-century vihuela books to understand the ways in which vihuelists affected courtly poetry in Renaissance Spain. Analysis of their cancioneros in the light of other poetry collections and accounts of the aulic life reveal aural and performative aspects of the production and consumption of poetry that otherwise would have remained hidden to literary studies. These aspects range from voice register of the singer to tempo and musical ornamentation, but also textual manipulation of ballads and sonnets—which they help popularize among courtiers—and management of noise and interruptions.

Особенности работы с аутентичными текстами новостного и публицистического характера в профессиональной иноязычной подготовке студентов-международников

The study aims to identify the features of working with authentic material in foreign language classes with students of the Faculty of International Relations. The paper clarifies that authentic texts of the foreign English-language press are a valuable source for the development of professional foreign language skills of students. However, news texts may contain biased coverage of events, historical inaccuracies, which should be taken into account by the teacher when selecting the material. Scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the specifics of selecting modern authentic texts of the English-language press for the development of communicative foreign language skills necessary for future diplomats in their professional sphere, more specifically, modern authentic texts of the English-language press may contain historical inaccuracies, excessive subjectivity and biased coverage of current and historical events both in the Russian Federation and abroad, which must be taken into account in the process of professional foreign language training of future diplomats. As a result, it has been proved that the bias of authentic news and journalistic texts for use in the framework of foreign language training of international relations students should not be ignored. The paper presents the author’s system of exercises aimed at the development of professional foreign language skills of students based on working with authentic news and journalistic texts.

Proving the Correctness of GNAT Light Runtime Library

The GNAT light runtime library is a version of the runtime library targeted at embedded platforms and certification, which has been certified for use at the highest levels of criticality in several industrial domains. It contains around 180 units focused mostly on I/O, numerics, text manipulation, memory operations. We have used SPARK to prove the correctness of 40 of them: that the code is free of runtime errors, and that it satisfies its functional specifications.

Translation Procedures of Cultural-Bound Expressions in the Egyptian Vernacular Dubbed Versions of Three Disney Animated Movies

Abstract Egyptian Vernacular Arabic is often used when Disney animated movies are dubbed in Arabic. Since vernacular varieties reflect culture, the present article aims to study the translation procedures used in dubbing culture-bound expressions in Disney animated movies. Three Disney animated movies were selected for this purpose, The Lion King, Toy Story 2, and Finding Nemo. To analyse the dubbed culture-bound expressions, I adopted Tomaszkiewicz’s procedures of dubbing and subtitling. The study revealed that the most frequently used dubbing procedures were adaptation taken from the target language and providing cultural equivalents. These two procedures are recommended by previous scholars who suggested that culture cannot be translated literally and translators should always find an equivalent that the viewer understands in the target language. The procedure literal translation was seldom used, whereas omission, generalisation, and replacement were not used at all. It has also been concluded that manipulation of the original text was done by using dubbing procedures that mainly aim to make the text closer to the viewer in terms of adjusting to their native language and culture. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Case studies in automation of forensic toxicology practices with R

The last decade has seen a considerable growth in data generated by scientific instrumentation. Accountability requirements have grown similarly, requiring forensic toxicology laboratories to generate summary of findings to funders, stakeholders and the general public. This work aims to show how the programming language R and its integrated development environment (IDE) RStudio can be harnessed to speed up data analysis and produce summary reports in three different forensic toxicology applications. R version 3.6.1 or above and RStudio® version 1.2.5001 or above were used in developing and implementing all applications. A wide array of packages were employed, including readr, readtext and docxtractr to import data; tidyr and dplyr for data preparation (“wrangling”); stringr for text manipulation; ggplot2 and plotly for data visualization; rmarkdown to generate HTML and PDF reports; and shiny for the creation of interactive web applications. Automation can begin with the instrumental output analysis. The authors have already published two such examples (Desharnais et al. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2017;41:261–268 and Desharnais et al. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2019;43:512–519). A new example presented here is the implementation of trend monitoring, as required for the ISO 17025 accreditation. An interactive application allows for importation of raw instrument output into the database and periodic creation of PDF reports assessing a number of fixed criteria for the wide-scope LC-MS/MS method under analysis. Furthermore, a diagnostic tool allows interactive creation of scatterplots where a variable of interest (area, area ratio, concentration) is plotted for selected time frame, instrument(s), sample type(s) (e.g., standards, QC) and analytes. This allows to not only identify concerns via the presence of warning and action lines, but to explore potential causes of instrument issues with a single tool, which decreases troubleshooting time. This type of interactive data exploration is also possible for casework. Indeed, an application allowing inquiry into basically all variables related to driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol cases was built. The user can obtain summary statistics (e.g., total number of cases) and graphs (e.g., bar plots) by selecting and/or modulating one or more of the following: biological matrix analyzed, drug(s) detected, concentration, administrative region, date and time of the event, etc. As an example, with a few clicks, the user can find out how many DUI cases included a combination of THC and flubromazolam between June 2020 and September 2021 in a given city. This allows for seamless production of yearly reports (within 30 minutes instead of 3 days) as well as quick answers to punctual inquiries by other stakeholders such as police officers, prosecutors and deputy ministers. Annual summary reports can also be extracted from atypical datasets, such as toxicology reports in .docx or PDF format. Using this tool, a periodic update of xenobiotics concentrations found in postmortem casework can be quickly performed. Toxicologists can therefore inform their interpretation with recent data from within the lab–without a time-consuming manual search. It also allows for the production of an annual prospectus designed for the general public, summarizing the caseload and findings. When a suitable Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is not available, or mis-adapted to accomplish the desired task, R and its IDE RStudio offer unparalleled power and flexibility to achieve data importation, analysis and presentation. Since they are both available at no cost, the online documentation and community to support the user is vast, which is an advantage for laboratories with scant resources. In order to add another pillar to this network, the creation of an R User Group in Forensic Toxicology is first announced here.