Manila Declaration Research Articles

United Nations: General Assembly Resolution Containing the Declaration on the Enhancement Of The Effectiveness of the Principle of Refraining from the Threat or Use of Force in International Relations

Over the past two decades, the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a number of principles concerning the conduct of international relations. In the preambular paragraphs of the declaration annexed to this resolution, specific principles are reaffirmed. They are: the Declaration on Principles of Interna-tional Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations [9 I.L.M. 1292 (1970)], the Definition of Aggression [13 I.L.M. 710 (1974)], and the Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes [21 I.L.M. 449 (1982)]. The Declaration for 6n the Enhancement of the Effectiveness of the Principle of Refraining from the Threat or Use of Force is the culmination of 10 years of work, and represents the most recent set of guidelines.

Tourism - The World's Peace Industry

The city of Vancouver, B. C., will be host to the First Global Conference: Tourism — A Vital Force For Peace in October 23-2 7, 1988. The aim ofthe conference is to search out, explore, discuss, and propose new initiatives through which the diverse sectors of the world's tourism industry can facilitate and contribute further to the goal of "Global Peace through Tourism. " Tourism, along with its obvious international economic impact transcends governmental boundaries by bringing peoples of the world closer together through the understanding of different cultures, environments and heritage. It is potentially one of the most important vehicles for promating understanding, trust, and goodwill among peoples of the world. Delegates to the conference will be senior executives from both the public and private sectors of tourism as well as related fields such as parks, heritage, culture, arts, recreation, the full range ofexchangeprograms, community development, urban design, and environment. The Vancouver conference is the result of a resolution unanimously endorsed by the Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIA C) in support ofthe United Nations declara tion of 1986 as the "International Year of Peace. " The conference theme builds on the philosophy and principles expressed in the 1980 Manila Declaration ofthe World Tourism Organization. The Declaration challenged the industry with a concept of tourism that emphasizes its social, cultural, economic, educational and political values. An earlier version appeared in Business Quarterly published by School of Business Administration, the University of Western Ontario, Canada, Ontario, Canada.

United Nations: General Assembly Special Committee on the Charter of the U.N. and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization Draft Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes

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Revolution, Power and Ideology in Viet-Nam

The Two Viet-Nams was not perhaps the best bookwritten by the late Professor Bernard Fall, but it is probably the most widely read and for that reason it is not inappropriate to have a revised edition. He completed it not long before his death in Viet-Nam early in I967. The work has some claims to be regarded as a text-book on the development of Viet-Nam since I945, for it provides a narrative account of events in the two decades after that date, as well as statistics concerning the economic life of the two halves of the country since independence. Useful appendices include the texts of the 1960 Constitution of Viet-Nam, the famous 'Caravelliste' manifesto of the same year, and the Manila Declaration of I966; and there are valuable biographical profiles of Ho Chi Minh, and of Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother Nhu. However, no book on the subject of modern Viet-Nam can be read without taking into account to some extent the personal attitudes of the author, and in Fall's case this is particularly important.Although not French-born, he was French both by education and nationality, and this explains much about his attitude to the United States in which he chose to live and to teach. But if his criticism sometimes has undertones