Emotional Manifestations Research Articles

Postpartum Maternal Emotional Disorders and the Physical Health of Mother and Child.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between postpartum emotional manifestations and various neonatal variables, as well as variables within this category, in the context of hospitalization together after birth.Patients and MethodsBetween 1 March 2020 and 1 September 2020, a cross-sectional research design was used including mother–child couples (112 mothers, 121 newborns - 13 twins/triplets).ResultsUsing a t-test for independent samples, we observed: a) the symptoms of depression were more severe in mothers of newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) [t(110) = 4.334)], provided oxygen therapy [t(109.99) = 3.162], born prematurely [t(110) = 3.157], or with adjustment disorders [t(109) = −2.947] (p < 0.01); b) a similar, for anxiety as a state [t(82.38) = 5.251], t(107.29) = 4.523, t(110) = 3.416, t(109) = −3.268, p < 0.01], and as a trait was more common [t(80.79) = 4.501, t(108.790) = 4.669, t(109) = −3.268, p < 0.001] compared to other mothers. Using Pearson’s test (p < 0.001), several very strong correlations were observed between neonatal variables, including number (no.) of days of hospitalization with birth weight (BW) (r = −0.802), head circumference (HC) (r = −0.822), and gestational age (GA) (r = −0.800) and the mother’s postpartum anxiety as a state/trait (r = 0.770). Using Poisson regression, it was observed that anxiety as a state (Λ = 0.020, z = 4.029, p < 0.001) and as a trait (Λ = 0.800, z = 6.160, p < 0.001) stimulated the intensity of symptoms of postpartum depression (optimal models).ConclusionPostpartum maternal psychological manifestations were associated with NICU hospitalization, pathology, and some neonatal therapies. We also noticed, that the duration of hospitalization, BW, HC, and GA, were correlated with maternal emotional disorders. Results will facilitate future optimization of birth management and postnatal care.

The effect of distortion of information as a socio-psychological factor of reducing the quality of labor interaction under isolation

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the problems that arise in the conditions of remote forms of labor interaction, as well as the role of the manager in creating an effective communication environment. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study of the effect of information distortion in labor interaction in isolation, statistical and qualitative analysis of the results. The data obtained allow us to say that in the conditions of remote forms of labor interaction, the lack of direct contact leads to the difficulty of understanding the transmitted information, a decrease in job satisfaction, remission of the levels of well-being, activity and mood, which disrupts the quality of labor communication. The study showed that the subjective assessment of the effectiveness of leadership has a great impact on the state of the participants in the labor interaction. To ensure effective interaction of employees, it is necessary to introduce the rules of remote communication: unified, standardized requirements for communication in remote mode that meet the specifics of a particular enterprise; exclusion from communication of all manifestations of negative emotions; use of all range of available means of communication; emotional leadership of the leader.

Increasing the safety of the transport process by minimizing the professional risk of a dump truck driver

Purpose.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for reducing the probability of accidents during the transportation of rock by dump trucks based on the analysis of the consequences of changes in the psycho-physiological states of the driver. Methods. The study used the method of “Hazard and operability studies” and the method of “Failure Mode and Effects Analysis” including the organizational, logical and mathematical, and statistical procedures aimed at obtaining the expert assessment of hazards from professional experts based on Grabs’ criteria that affect to change the psychophysiological state of the driver while driving a dump truck, their analysis and generalization of the results in order to prepare reasonable decisions. Findings. It is established that the psychophysiological state of the driver as a manifestation of fear, anxiety, doubt, uncertainty when performing discrete work, which is associated with frequent changes in the beginning of movement and stops of the vehicle (accumulation of a large number of dump trucks, complex route plan, etc.) leads to an increase in the risk of an emergency. It is determined that the highest level of emergency occurs due to emotional manifestations, that are associated with the relationship between employees, the presence of leadership support, psychological assistance, mobbing, conflict resolution and more. Recommendations have been developed to increase the level of transportation safety through the formation of an appropriate organizational culture at the enterprise, which ultimately shapes human social behaviour. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of the values of occupational risk of an accident while driving a dump truck by the driver, which depends not only on the probability of a dangerous event and the severity of its consequences, but also on changes in the psychophysiological state of the driver, which results from the organizational culture of occupational safety at the mining enterprise. Practical implications. Consists in the development of a procedure for qualitative assessment of the risk of an accident from the psychophysiological state of the driver during the trucking of rock in the conditions of the mining enterprise. Recommendations for improving the safety of transportation through the formation of an appropriate organizational culture of the transport process are developed. An approach of taking into account the socio-psychological climate in the organization to assess the occurrence of the incident is proposed.

Early Sensory Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Predicts Emotional and Behavioral Issues.

Background: Abnormal sensory reactivity is considered one of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and has been associated with autism severity, poorer functional outcomes, and behavioral difficulties across the lifespan. Its early characterization could provide valuable insights into the processes favoring the instantiation of maladaptive behaviors. Objectives: The present study has two aims: (1) to describe the sensory profile of preschool children with ASD compared with an age-matched population of children with a diagnosis of language disorder (DLD) and typically developing (TD) control peers; (2) to explore within each group whether the sensory alterations play a predictive role in the instantiation of emotional and behavioral issues. Methods: The parents of 42 ASD, 18 DLD, and 56 TD filled out the Sensory Processing Measure—Preschool (SPM-P). To gather information on competencies, behaviors, and emotional problems of children, the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5 (CBCL 1½-5) was also administered. Results: On the SPM-P, ASD and DLD samples generally had scores more compromised than control peers. The contrast between ASD and DLD was reflected in a higher (and highly significant) impairment on the social participation and hearing subscales, suggesting a greater sensitivity and a possible specificity of these scores for ASD. More importantly, linear regression analyses revealed a strong and predictive association for ASD children with SPM total scores explaining more than 50% of the variance of the CBCL 1½-5 total scores (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the need to detect the abnormal sensory profiles of ASD already at an early stage and during clinical evaluations. Due to the impact on the emotional and behavioral manifestations, such a procedure has significant clinical and social implications, potentially guiding the development of new interventions relying on multisensory strategies.

The Variation of Serotonin Values in Dogs in Different Environmental Conditions.

Simple SummaryThe multiple implications of serotonin in behavior manifestations have shaped the goal of the present study, which was to evaluate the variation of serum serotonin levels in different experimental groups of dogs to establish whether serum serotonin levels could serve as indicators of aggressive behavior, especially when adoption is considered. The experimental groups were divided into three variants: Variant 1—two groups of medium (n = 6) and small (n = 4) breed shelter dogs; Variant 2—dogs with owners (n = 15) and dogs without owners but in foster care (n = 10), after administration of pre-spaying/neutering anesthesia; and Variant 3—dogs in different behavioral states (n = 8), classified as follows: M1—happy, M2—aggressive, M3—calmed status, post-exposure to a stressful situation, compared to the reference time referred to as M0. Significant results were found between M1 and M2 (p ≤ 0.05, decrease of serotonin by 89.61 ng/mL), as well as between M2 and M3 (p ≤ 0.008, increase by 112.78 ng/mL). Following anesthesia, the average mean serotonin values were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.003), by 63.85 ng/mL, in stray dogs compared to dogs with owners, leading to a presumptive conclusion that serotonin levels could serve as indicators for potentially aggressive behaviors.Serotonin is considered to be the neurotransmitter that controls several types of behavior: aggressiveness, impulsivity, food selection, stimulation, sexual behavior, reaction to pain, and emotional manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the serotonin values in 43 dogs, divided into three different experimental variants: (1) between two groups of medium (n = 6) and small (n = 4) breed shelter dogs; (2) in dogs with (n = 15) and without (n = 10) owners after administration of pre-spaying/neutering anesthesia; (3) in different behavioral states (n = 8) classified as follows: M1—happy, M2—aggressive, M3—calmed status, post-exposure to a stressful situation, compared to the reference time referred to as M0. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) regarding the serotonin values between the two groups of medium and small breed shelter dogs. Following anesthesia, the average mean serotonin values were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.003), by 63.85 ng/mL, in stray dogs compared to dogs with owners. No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were found when comparing the reference time M0 to M1, M2, and M3. The differences decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), by 89.61 ng/mL, between M1 and M2 and increased significantly (p ≤ 0.008), by 112.78 ng/mL, between M2 and M3.

Formation of social competence in senior preschoolers with severe speech disorders

Introduction. Social competence, which is also a key characteristic at all stages of individual growing-up, is a priority for a socially active person. Its specificity in preschool age is argued by the intensity of the mental development process, in which the foundations of an active and cognitive attitude to reality are determined. The process of formation of social competence in senior preschoolers with severe speech disorders is accompanied by both a decrease in cognitive motivation, emotional manifestations and communication and speech difficulties. Materials and methods. The experimental study involved eighty senior preschoolers with severe speech disorders. The diagnostic study was based on the works of T.N. Zakharova, E.O. Smirnova adapted to the experimental conditions. The criteria for assessing social competence in senior preschoolers with severe speech disorders were as follows: individual profile of social development, self-assessment, assessment of ideas about the world around, social experience, communication and speech capabilities (they were also components of social competence). The assessment of the formation of social competence in the study group of children was carried out on a five-point scale. Results. Processing of experimental data of social competence indicators by the method of mathematical statistics using Student's t-test made it possible to identify differences in indicators of the studied parameter at the control and ascertaining stages of the study in the experimental group. The average values of social competence indicators in this sample are considered to be significantly different from each other: on the scales “Individual profile of social development” (t = 3.386; p = 0.001), “Self-assessment” (t = 5.117; p = 0.000), “Assessment of ideas about the world around” (t = 2.731; p = 0.008). Conclusion. The developed system of experimental influence on senior preschoolers with severe speech disorders, aimed at correcting communication and speech skills, ensures the process of successful formation of their social competence.

VERBALIZATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT WOMEN OF RESPECTABLE AGE IN ARTISTIC TEXT (based on the material of the novel "Elizabeth is Missing" by Emma Healy translated by Anna Tsvira)

This article attempts to analyze and classify the linguistic means employed to create a psychological portrait of an elderly woman in Emma Healy’s novel Elizabeth is Missing and its translation performed by Anna Tsvira. For this purpose, we have used the following methods: general scientific methods of analysis, logical deduction, synthesis and generalization; method of sampling to select materials for examination; methods of definition-based and context-based analysis as well as an interpretation method which enabled us to make conclusions regarding mechanisms of selecting accurate and expressive linguistic means to create a psychological portrait of an elderly woman in a literary text.It was found that language ways which that enabled the author Emma Healey to create a psychological portrait of an elderly woman, and helped the translator Anna Tsvira to recreate it successfully are as follows: bunching, monotonous repetition of pronouns; phraseologisms; the use of verbs that depict psychological and behavioral reactions; swearing; lexical units of negative attitude and judgment (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and adverbial phrases); individual (author-coined), image metaphors and comparisons; stylistic devices (antithesis, repetition); bunching of interrogative questions, multiple use of negative particle “not”, punctuation marks. The said linguistic means enable the reader to interpret the psychoemotional condition of an elderly woman: projecting (attribution) of one’s own state onto other people; inadequate physiological manifestation of emotions; inner conflict, inner fears (caused by biological aspects of aging); awareness of psychological changes due to new signs of a progressing illness. With the help of the abovementioned linguistic means, the author / translator managed to preserve the atmosphere of instinctive, illogical, and partially even absurd feeling of extreme fear and terror experienced by the main character, and represent Maud’s illness as an invincible obstacle that renders the woman unable to live a normal life within the society, to create a psychological portrait of this character and arouse an intended emotion in the reader – the empathy they feel when they begin to experience the main character’s emotions as if these were their own.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING THE NEGATIVE MENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF CRISIS SITUATIONS IN THE POPULATION DURING THE WAR

Purpose - to present an analysis of the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to preventing and overcoming the negative mental consequences of crisis situations in the population during the war.&#x0D; Material and methods -The study used the bibliographic method, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis of scientific materials from scientific sources.&#x0D; Results and discussion. The results of our study showed that it is important for specialists involved in the organization and provision of crisis psychological assistance to take into account that in traumatic situations, victims and their relatives are in dire need of information, social, medical and other types of assistance. Orientation is towards an integrated approach in providing assistance contributes to a more rapid recovery of the pre-crisis functional state of a person, his ability to adequately perceive reality, greater self-control of behavior in a crisis situation and a decrease in the likelihood of mental disorders and psychosomatic diseases as a result of a traumatic experience.&#x0D; Of particular importance in the provision of emergency psychological assistance are theoretical ideas about mental (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, etc.) changes caused by the influence of extreme, crisis situations. In the cognitive-cognitive sphere of a person, there are violations of perception, attention, thinking, memory. There are serious negative changes in volitional actions (decision-making, control, self-regulation). On the part of the emotional sphere, there are anxiety, panic states, fear, horror, aggression, anger, guilt, shame, depression, apathy, etc. Among somatovegetative disorders there are loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, a sharp weight decrease (or increase), a decrease in the overall tone of the body, flabbiness, muscle tension, trembling, etc. are observed. In behavioral manifestations, there is a general disorganization, which manifests itself in the loss of purposefulness of behavior, its controllability by a person; aimless increased activity prevails or, on the contrary, passivity, lethargy. In the sphere of social interaction, aggressive behavior, conflict, the search for the perpetrators and blaming others, alienation, social isolation, etc. are often observed.&#x0D; Conclusion. Being in crisis conditions and experiencing the traumatic consequences of war, a person experiences a whole range of negative emotional states. Mental processes and states experienced by a person as a result of a crisis event are characterized by the obsessive reproduction of the traumatic experience, which is embodied in symptomatic behavior, and is caused by the desire to avoid repeating the emotional experiences that took place during the traumatic event. The central idea of ​​the vast majority of theoretical and practical approaches to overcoming the traumatic consequences of crisis events is that the use of certain psychotechniques should deprive a person of experiencing negative emotional manifestations and behavior aimed at avoiding everything that can remind of the experience, or at least weaken these symptoms.

Can you be cured if the doctor disagrees? A case study of 27 prayer healing reports evaluated by a medical assessment team in the Netherlands

The settingbetween 2015 and 2020 a medical assessment team evaluated 27 reports of prayer healing in the Netherlands. ObjectivesThree research questions were formulated. What are the medical and experiential findings? Are there medically remarkable and/or unexplained healings? Which explanatory frameworks can help us understand the findings? MethodsThe reported healings were analyzed using both medical files and patient narratives, as part of a case study research design compiled by a multidisciplinary research team. An independent team of five medical consultants, representing different fields of expertise, evaluated the 27 case files. According to criteria these were selected from a larger group of 83 received reports. Experiential data was obtained by in-depth interviews and analyzed. Instances of healing could be classified as ‘medically remarkable’ or ‘medically unexplained’. Subsequent analysis was transdisciplinary. ResultsEleven of the 27 healings assessed were evaluated as ‘medically remarkable’, none were labelled as ‘medically unexplained’. Recurring characteristics were common to some degree in all healings, whether ‘medically remarkable’ or not: a temporal connection with prayer, instantaneity and unexpectedness of healing, strong emotional and physical manifestations, and a sense of ‘being overwhelmed’ and transformed. The healings were invariably interpreted as acts of God. Positive effects have persisted for 5 to 33 years, with 2 relapses. ConclusionsOur findings on remarkable healings do not fit well in the traditional biomedical conceptual framework. All healings exhibited important non-medical aspects, whether or not they were assessed as medically remarkable. We need a broader multi-perspective approach in which all relevant data is considered to be valuable, both experiential and objective. This so-called horizontal epistemology may be helpful when trying to understand the findings, and it may bring about mutual understanding between patients, health practitioners and relevant disciplines.

The concept of psychotic arousal and its relevance to abnormal subjective experiences in schizophrenia. A hypothesis for the formation of primary delusions

The presence of abnormal subjective experiences in the prodromal stages of schizophrenia as well as their contribution to delusional formation have been highlighted in psychiatric literature, but their nature and their involvement in the transition and establishment of full-blown psychosis remains elusive. In this paper, we venture to form a coherent hypothesis for the formation of primary delusions by attributing importance to the emotional and affective symptoms experienced by patients during the acute state of psychosis. We underline the presence of abnormal subjective experiences described as ‘feelings’ in patients’ narratives, their co-occurrence with discernible emotional manifestations and symptoms, and their rather simultaneous retreat from the clinical picture shortly after the effective administration of antipsychotic treatment. We further distinguish them from their enveloping thought content, on the base of their different course pattern and natural characteristics. We argue that this composite emotional picture – which we call “psychotic arousal” – though resembling the acknowledged “delusional mood”, traverses the acute state of psychosis to a greater extent and intensity, as long as we observe delusions flourishing and expanding. We specifically suggest that altered subjective experiences can be seen as emotional in nature and best described as “experiential feelings”. Consequently, we reflect upon neuroscientific theories and models supporting a layered concept for the formation of consciousness that attribute a paramount role on emotions as a representation of neural maps of the material body’s state. We explore patients’ “experiential feelings” as the morbid outcome of an otherwise normal process and we provide a theoretical solution for the psychotic transition and the formation of primary delusions. Our hypothesis, eventually, responds to long-standing questions regarding the content of the delusions, their abrupt appearance, their self-referential character, their selectivity and specificity, as well as their impact on awareness and the erroneous deployment of extended consciousness. We suggest that further enquiry of the proposed hypothesis could elucidate more deeply the phenomenology of schizophrenia and benefit both psychopathology and neuroscience of self.

Emotional Potential of Non-Emotive Vocabulary in the Modern English Literary Text

The study is devoted to the features of lexicalization of the basic emotion «fear» in an English literary text in order to determine the emotive potential of non-emotive vocabulary representing this emotion. The use of cognitive approaches to the study of the language, the internal structure in the naming of&#x0D; emotions, the ways of their objectification and lexicalization reflect the relevance of the study. The analysis of the semantic structure of the emotion «fear» in the Russian and English languages as well as the linguistic representation of the&#x0D; basic emotion «fear» in the texts of modern British authors made it possible to determine the features of the lexicalization of the emotion «fear» in a modern&#x0D; literary English text and to study the emotivity degree of non-emotive lexical means that are used to lexicalize the specified basic emotion. The results obtained are as follows: the emotion «fear» is lexicalized with the help of emotive vocabulary that contain the seme «fear», «escape», «retreat»,&#x0D; «cry». Non-emotive vocabulary is systematized by thematic groups: achromatic colours and physiological reactions of a person. Non-emotive, neutral vocabulary which is used to describe the non-verbal manifestations of the «fear» emotion creates an emotional colouring of the description. The emotional potential of the corresponding lexemes varies under the influence of certain situations in such a way that neutral lexical units begin to express emotiveness. Non-emotive vocab-&#x0D; ulary is used by authors to reflect the emotional experience of the speaker, to describe the non-verbal manifestations of emotion, to create tension and emotional intensity of the narrative. The results of the study can be used in research work related to the study of the vocabulary of the modern English language.

Психосоциални задачи на развитието в предочилишна възраст и специфика на игровия механизъм в детската градина

The theoretical formulations, analyzed in the study, and the proposed applied model for game technology in the implementation of the educational process in kindergarten, are presupposed by the concept of lifelong learning as a platform of modern educational environment and as a factor promoting the professional development of children’s teachers. Classical theories on the specifics of the psychosocial development of the child’s personality in preschool age are analytically discussed in view of the process of individual growth, and of the influence of emotional and behavioural manifestations in 3–7-year-old children.Special emphasis is placed on the topic of the game mechanism as a form and means of educational policy in building key competencies in preschool children. The causal relationships between the child’s natural needs for self-realization, self- expression, and self-determination, as well as the game and cognitive educational space in the kindergarten stand out, caused by the ten psychological components characteristic of the game mechanism.

A GENDER-ORIENTED APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT AMONG DOCTORS AND NURSES IN WARTIME

The study of emotional burnout syndrome manifestations in doctors and nurses is a topical issue, both among scientists, practical psychologists and among medical branch managers of different levels, especially in times of crisis conditions. The research of this phenomenon is actual all over the world: the detection of signs of emotional burnout varies from 20 to 75%; the number of scientific publications on this topic is constantly growing, so in 2010 104 works were published, and in 2021 already 952 works were published; the rapid growth of scientific research is observed. The war in Ukraine, which had not previously been on such a scale, affects everyone's life and physical and emotional well-being. In addition to physical exertion, medical workers have an excessive emotional burnout, as the authors' research shows - the burnout rate among general practitioners is 63,7%, and among nurses 70%. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this phenomenon in stressful conditions, so that it is possible to develop recommendations and render psychological help to medical workers. The purpose of this article is to systematize the information on emotional burnout, to determine further ways of development and to establish dynamics of emotional burnout of medical workers before and during martial law. Relevance of our study is stipulated by that the control of this phenomenon manifestation allows to improve mental health and continuation of professional activity of the specialists and as consequence to improve medical services. Materials and methods: the analysis of the scientific literature on the international scientometric databases, questionnaire survey of general practitioners of CF CPMC. The authors have compared the models of emotional burnout and described the phases of this process. Attention was paid to factors causing and accelerating this process, and also characteristics of these factors were described, degrees of influence on acceleration of professional burnout process of separate factors were defined. The carried out research allowed to reveal problems at management of medical workers emotions, to define the factors causing violation of awareness and the control of displays of emotions, to find out a role of a medical institution management, methods of influence on the factors causing or strengthening process of emotional burnout. The results of the study of determination of negative manifestations of emotional reactions of medical workers in conditions of a military condition are reflected in practical recommendations for development of mechanisms of management of this condition. Practical value of the research is of recommendatory character for work of heads of a medical establishment.

Особливості та модель формування “Я-образу” у школярів з тяжкими порушеннями мовлення

"I-image" is a component of "I-concept", where "I-concept" is taken as a complex dynamic system that develops under the influence of the life-long socio-cultural environment of the individual. "I-image" is considered a cognitive component of the "I-concept", which determines the deep essence of a human, their self, and authenticity. The development of "I-image" in children with normative development happens consistently, through awareness and perception of themselves as the subjects of activity, participants in the situation of interaction and communication in their families and society. Peculiarities of “I-image” in children of middle school age with typical development are not clearly described, and in children with severe speech disorders (hereinafter – SSD) they have not been specially studied. At the same time, there is reason to believe that the development of this component of consciousness can be specific in these children. In general, the problem is relevant for the study, especially when the inclusive form of education for these children is introduced and teachers complain about their age-inappropriate behavior in lessons, lack of independence in learning, and so on. Thus, the study of "Iimage" in this category of children can provide ways to solve a significant number of problems in their learning. The main objectives of the research were studying and characterizing the development of "I-image" in children of secondary school age and forming a program model for the harmonious development of "I-image" using lexical and semantic components of speech, taking into account the identified indicators. The study of "I-image" using the projective method "Human Drawing" and the analysis of collected materials allowed us to identify and present features of the development of "I-image" in middle schoolchildren with typical development and SSD on the following parameters: 1) compliance with physiological age; 2) attitude to one's appearance; 3) awareness of themselves, their inner potential; 4) self-control over their internal states and their external manifestations; 5) relations with society. It was found that deformations of the "I-image" are characteristic of both children with typical development and speech disorders, although each category has its own specifics. Thus, we found the necessity of directing correctional education to the formation of: 1) general awareness, which will expand the range of interests of the child necessary for future self-realization; 2) a conscious attitude to external and internal self (their real capabilities); 3) self-control; 4) conscious attitude to inner experiences and emotional manifestations.

MANIFESTATIONS OF AGE- AND INDIVIDUALPSYCHOLOGICAL QUALITIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF CONTACT CENTER OPERATORS

The article explores the concept of individual psychological qualities of the contact center operator, identifies the psychological features of the profession and traces individual such qualities through adolescence and adulthood. Individual-psychological qualities are defined as stable personality traits that develop through activities and determine the peculiarities of interaction with the environment. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the contact center of the «Vodafone» mobile operator in Kyiv. The study involved operators from 18 to 47 years old, 50 subjects in total, inclIn the course of mathematical data processing (using Student’s T-test) the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data revealed the differences in individual psychological qualities between the groups of young and adult contact center operators. Age differences were recorded in the following individual psychological qualities: courage, emotional stability, diplomacy. Young operators are more characterized by emotional instability, expressiveness, low restraint in emotional manifestations, including negative ones, courage, propensity for reckless actions, determination. Mature professionals are more cautious, risk-averse, diplomatic, easy to get out of conflicts, capable of adapting to the interlocutor, able to find common ground, while the younger group is less diplomatic, more sharp, uncompromising in communication. It is concluded that a significant number of contact center operators need to transform and improve individual psychological qualities in order to increase openness, diplomacy, emotional stability and empathy.uding 25 young people (18–25 years) and 25 adults (26–47 years). R. Kettel’s 16-factor personality questionnaire and «Scale of Emotional Response» questionnaire by A. Megrabian and N. Epstein were used.

Modeling of natural intelligence and dynamics of human thinking with the use of significant combinary space

To create artificial intelligence, it is necessary to identify the properties of natural and develop a way to model it. There are many definitions of artificial intelligence in the literature, but there is no exact definition of this science yet. Differ-ent authors model natural intelligence differently. For example, artificial intelligence is defined as the ability of a digital computer to respond to information coming to its input devices, almost as a certain person reacts in the same infor-mation environment. This approach is based on the principle of self-organization of the model and is called heuristic. Human intelligence is also seen as an intuitive system. The creative process is accompanied by various manifestations of emotions, and decision-making in natural in-telligence is carried out in conditions of uncertainty of various kinds. Studies show that in the problems of this class it is related to: 1) incomplete input and current information; 2) with fuzzy input information; 3) with vaguely developed rules for processing and evaluating information. Significant combinatorial spaces, in particular significant information spaces, were used to model the dynamics of human thinking. The latter has a combinatorial nature and exists in two states: tranquility (convolute) and dynamics (deployed), which deployed from convolute. Collapsed is given by an information sign that contains the properties of the expanded space. Information is primarily related to the functioning of the human brain and is in the subconscious or consciousness in the form of images, fragments of speech and so on. The transfer of information (thoughts) is car-ried out with the help of deployed information space through the speech space, through gestures, movements, through writing, graphics. Depending on the type of uncertainty, the classification of natural intelligence is given. We believe that the con-cept of intelligence is associated with such operations as information processing and evaluation. Based on this, human intelligence is conditionally divided into three levels: 1) a person follows the rules, which are clearly formulated and described without analysis of their accuracy (learning rules); 2) the individual analyzes information for accuracy and develops its own rules of conduct under different conditions (rules of self-study); 3) the ability for independent of exist-ing rules of analysis, processing and evaluation of information for accuracy (rules of intuition). Partial realization of artificial intelligence is carried out through the use of self-tuning algorithms and modeling of self-organization processes in nature.

Patterns of Parental Reactions to Their Children's Negative Emotions: A Cluster Analysis with a Clinical Sample.

Parents’ emotion socialization practices are an important source of influence in the development of children’s emotional competencies This study examined parental reactions to child negative emotions in a clinical sample using a cluster analysis approach and explored the associations between clusters of parents’ reactions and children’s and parents’ adjustment. The sample comprised 80 parents of Portuguese children (aged 3–13 years) attending a child and adolescent psychiatry unit. Measures to assess parental reactions to children’s negative emotions, parents’ psychopathological symptoms, parents’ emotion dysregulation, and children’s adjustment were administered to parents. Model-based cluster analysis resulted in three clusters: low unsupportive, high supportive, and inconsistent reactions clusters. These clusters differed significantly in terms of parents’ psychopathological symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and children’s adjustment. A pattern characterized by high supportive reactions to the child’s emotions was associated with higher levels of children’s adjustment. On the other hand, an inconsistent reactions pattern was associated with the worst indicators of children’s adjustment and parental emotion dysregulation. These results suggest the importance of supporting parents of children with emotional and behavioural problems so that they can be more responsive to their children’s emotional manifestations.

Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early-life neglect model of rats.

ObjectEarly‐life neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system. In this work, we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of model rats.MethodsMaternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early‐life neglect. The excitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in rat mPFC was recorded and analyzed by whole‐cell patch clamp.ResultsGlutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of mPFC were distinguished by typical electrophysiological properties. The excitation of mPFC glutamatergic neurons was significantly increased in male groups, while the excitation of mPFC GABAergic neurons was significant in both female and male groups, but mainly in terms of rest membrane potential and amplitude, respectively.ConclusionsGlutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in medial prefrontal cortex showed different excitability changes in a rat model of early‐life neglect, which can contribute to distinct mechanisms for emotional and cognitive manifestations.

Somatisation as a manifestation of emotional disturbance in children

Somatisation is a phenomenon consisting in signalling complaints originating “from the body” (pain, discomfort, disturbances of physiological functions), whose cause is not explained on the basis of physical examination and additional examinations, and whose basis is usually an unconscious emotional factor. The most common somatic manifestations of negative emotions include abdominal pain, headache, palpitations or stabbing sensation in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, cough, squeezing sensation in the throat, numbness of limbs, as well as diarrhoea, vomiting or fainting. Although the described type of disorder occurs particularly often in people burdened with other mental problems, such as anxiety, depression or personality disorders, nowadays it is observed more and more often in children not showing any psychogenic abnormalities so far. A significant influence on the development of such symptoms has the environment of upbringing, from which the developing person draws behavioural patterns. In addition, the entire general social context with all its conditions, both positive and negative, is important. In the case of children, due to the lack of possibility of regular and constructive self-observation, developed abstract thinking and conscious, consistent verbalisation of inner experiences by the patient, the process of diagnosis and therapy of such disorders often requires diagnostic hospitalisation, multi-specialist consultations, long-term treatment in the outpatient mode, as well as at least partial modification of environmental relations, including the educational process. The fundamental issue remains the protection of mental health in the form of preventive measures aimed at creating existential conditions that have a positive impact on the mental development of children, which is particularly true of relations between generations.

Undertaking qualitative research on trauma: impacts on researchers and guidelines for risk management

PurposeUndertaking qualitative research exploring experiences of trauma can be challenging for all members of a research team. The aim of this article is to document the key challenges faced by researchers and to provide an overview of the key guidelines and processes that have been developed.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a range of empirical and published reflective accounts over the past 20 years, this article documents the key challenges researchers undertaking qualitative research face. These accounts are synthesized for the reader and an overview of research guidelines provided.FindingsQualitative researchers and members of the research team (including research assistants, transcriptionists and research supervisors) undertaking trauma research face many challenges including physical and emotional manifestations. Despite the development of a range of guidelines and protocols, formalized processes are still lacking. Researchers need to be supported to consider the impact of the research on themselves and others within the research team and include these assessments in their ethics and funding applications.Research limitations/implicationsResearching trauma (like many other topics) can be challenging for researchers and it is important that we ensure researchers are not harmed in the research process. Adopting guidelines like those presented in this paper and encouraging formalized processes for researcher risk assessments are paramount.Originality/valueDiscussions about risk to researchers when undertaking qualitative research have existed for many years but they have not always resulted in acknowledgement of development of supportive processes. By bringing together empirical research and reflective accounts from a range of disciplines the issues researchers face can become more visible.