Mangrove Forest Ecosystem Research Articles

Valuasi Ekonomi Ekosistem Mangrove Di Pulau Jeflio, Distrik Mayamuk, Kabupaten Sorong

Mangrove forest ecosystem is one of the natural resources of coastal areas that has very large functions and benefits. Economic valuation aims to provide economic value to the resources used in accordance with the real value from the community's point of view. The research was conducted on Jeflio Island, Mayamuk District. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and interviews. results Based on the research, the value of mangrove wood is Rp. 38,779,706,924; fish value Rp. 85.800.000; shrimp value Rp. 3,600,000; crab value Rp. 2,912,000; option value Rp.19,558,711; existence value Rp. 9,672,377. The total economic value of mangroves on Jeflio Island is Rp. 38,898,340,924. The utilization of the mangrove ecosystem on Jeflio Island is quite large so that the participation of related parties is needed in the management of the mangrove ecosystem.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS GASTROPODA PADA EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA SENTEBANG KABUPATEN SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

Gastropods are a single shell mollusk phylum. Gastropods have a really significant function, particularly in the mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove forests are a very supportive habitat for gastropods. Gastropods have a very important role in the processof decomposing litter and maintaining nutrient dynamics in mangrove forests. This study aims to obtain and analyze data on the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest ecosystem in Sentebang Village, Jawai District, Sambas Regency. The research wasconducted in June 2020 using survey methods and data collection techniques using purposive sampling. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it was found that there were 11 types of gastropods from 5 families. The types of gastropods found were Nerita violacea, Cerithidea obtusa, Cerithidea cingulata, Littoraria melanostoma, Littoraria scabra, Littoraria angulifera, Pythia plicata, Ellobium aurisjudae, Cassidula nucleus, Cassidula aurisfelis, Spherassiminea miniata. The gastropod diversity index in line 1 = 1.2246, line 2 = 0.8689, and line 3 = 0.9554. Track 1 is in the medium category, for lines 2 and 3 it is in the low category. The overall diversity index is 1.6239 which is in the medium category. The similarity index for the types of gastropod lines 1 and 2 = 40%, lines 2 and 3 = 25%, lines 1 and 3 = 20% which are included in the low category. Abundance index of gastropod type line 1 = 21.8, line 2 = 5.3, line 3 = 5.1. The evenness index of the gastropods line 1 = 0.6834, line 2 = 0.6268, line 3 = 0.6892. The overall evenness index is 0.6772 which is categorized as an unstable community. The gastropod dominance index line 1 = 0.3684, line 2 = 0.5186, line 3 = 0.4748, line 1 and 3 are in the low category, while line 2 is in the high category. The overall dominance index is 0.2574 which is in the low category, meaning that no type dominates. Based on the data that has been obtained, it can be concluded that the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest ecosystem in Sentebang Village, Jawai District, Sambas Regency is classified as moderate.Keywords: Gastropods, mangrove forest, species diversity

Study of the abundance and diversity of crustaceans in the ecosystem mangrove forest of Ambon Island

Crustaceans are very abundant in mangrove forest ecosystems and are still poorly documented. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the abundance and diversity of crustaceans in the mangrove forest ecosystem of Hutumuri Beach and Suli Beach, Ambon Island. Crustacean data collection was done by determining the plot using random sampling method. Determination of crustacean abundance using individual formulations per unit area or per unit volume, while crustacean diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener equation. The crustaceans found in the mangrove forest ecosystem of the Hutumuri and Suli beaches were 56 individuals, consisting of 7 families and 11 species. The abundance of crustaceans in the mangrove forest ecosystem of the Hutumuri coast and the coast of Suli was 0.29 ind/m2 and 0.27 ind/m2, respectively. For the diversity of crustacean species in the mangrove forest ecosystem of the Hutumuri coast and the Suli coast, respectively, 1, 176807 in the medium category and 0.78526 in the low category.

A Comparison of Mangrove Forest Structure and Ecosystem Services in Maputo Bay (Eastern Africa) and Príncipe Island (Western Africa)

Mangroves are critical to maintaining human well-being and global biodiversity. Eastern and western African shores present major environmental contrasts that reflect on mangrove forests’ structure and the ecosystem services they provide to human communities. This study compares the mangrove forest structure and condition, ecosystem services, and uses of resources in Maputo Bay (Mozambique in eastern Africa) and Príncipe Island (São Tomé and Príncipe in western Africa). Five mangrove species were identified in Maputo Bay, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpus granatum, and the importance value index was higher for A. marina. Mangroves in Príncipe were exclusively dominated by Rhizophora harrisonii. In Maputo Bay, a weak regeneration characterized by a low quantity of seedlings was observed, although in Príncipe the sites were characterized by a low regeneration rate but well-established forests. The comparison of the mangrove structure between Maputo Bay and Príncipe Island presented statistically significant differences for mean DBH and height, whereas the trees in Príncipe presented higher values for both parameters. Strong human disturbance (through cutting) was identified in almost all sites in Maputo Bay but was rarely observed on Príncipe Island. In Maputo Bay, more than 90% of the coastal human community is involved in activities related to the surrounding mangroves, with a diversified exploitation of forest resources. On Príncipe Island, the exploitation of mangroves targets only tannin from the mangrove bark to dye fishing nets and small boats. The economic value of mangroves in Maputo Bay has subsistence and commercial importance, in contrast to Príncipe, which revealed no major economic value to the community.

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN RAWA MEKAR JAYA VILLAGE, SUNGAI APIT DISTRICT, SIAK REGENCY

This study aims to describe the characteristics of the mangrove forest ecosystem and analyze the direct benefits of the mangrove ecosystem in Rawa Mekar Jaya Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. The method used in this study is a survey method, namely by conducting field observations and direct interviews with respondents, where the sampling technique found uses Non-Probability techniques or is determined by the researchers themselves or according to expert considerations with a total of 42 respondents. This shows that the tree-level mangrove community structure in the mangrove area, namely Rhizophora apiculata is the dominant tree species with a tree density of 30,617.2 trees/ha, then Rhizophora stylosa 9,629.63 trees/ha, Avicennia alba 8,333.33 trees/ha, and Ceriops tagal 777.78 trees/ha. Furthermore, a number of villagers from Rawa Mekar Jaya have made direct use of mangroves in the form of fish for Rp. 402,000,000/year, catching shrimp for around Rp. 21,600,000/year and taking honey for Rp. 28,800,000/year. The total economic gain of IDR 4.345,000,000/year shows that mangrove extension is very important for the people of Rawa Mekar Jaya village, both direct and indirect benefits

Strategi pengelolaan ekosistem hutan mangrove di Teluk Tuapejat Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai, Sumatera Barat

This study aimed to analyze the management of the mangrove forest ecosystem in Tuapejat bay, Mentawai Islands district, West Sumatra. This research has been carried out for three months starting from September to November 2021 which is located in the Mangrove forest area of Tuapejat bay, Mentawai archipelago district, West Sumatra. The object of this research is the community around the Mangrove forest area. This research used survey method. SWOT analysis is used to determine the strategy in determining direction and knowing the implications of appropriate policies for the management of mangrove forest areas in Tuapejat bay, Mentawai archipelago, West Sumatra. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling as many as 98 respondents. Based on the results of the study, opportunities and threats in the management of the mangrove forest ecosystem in Tuapejat Bay, a strategy is needed to achieve sustainable utilization of the existing potential and its management must be carried out seriously by managing the mangrove forests in Tuapejat Bay by helping improve the community's economy. Tuapejat village such as in the field of fisheries and tourism.Keywords: mangrove forest ecosystem; Tuapejat; management

Strategy for managing mangrove forest ecosystems in Tuapejat Bay, Mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra

This study aimed to analyze the management of the mangrove forest ecosystem in Tua pejat bay, Mentawai Islands district, West Sumatra. This research has been carried out for three months starting from September to November 2021 which is located in the Mangrove forest area of Tua Pejat bay, Mentawai archipelago district, West Sumatra. The object of this research is the community around the Mangrove forest area. This research used survey method. SWOT analysis is used to determine the strategy in determining direction and knowing the implications of appropriate policies for the management of mangrove forest areas in Tua Pejat bay, Mentawai archipelago, West Sumatra. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling as many as 98 respondents. Based on the results of the study, opportunities and threats in the management of the mangrove forest ecosystem in Tuapejat Bay, a strategy is needed to achieve sustainable utilization of the existing potential and its management must be carried out seriously by managing the mangrove forests in Tuapejat Bay by helping improve the community's economy. Tuapejat village such as in the field of fisheries and tourism.Keywords: mangrove forest ecosystem; Tua Pejat; management

Benefit Value of Mangrove Forest in Sarawet Village, Likupang Timur, Minahasa Utara

The purpose of this study is to: 1) identify various types of direct and indirect benefits of mangrove forests, and 2) estimate the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative using survey methods. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activities of utilizing natural resources of mangrove ecosystems, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The selection of respondents used the purposive sampling method, with a total of 76 respondents. Analysis of the total economic value for the value of direct benefits using market prices, and the value of indirect benefits using replacement costs. The results showed that the people of Sarawet Village use the mangrove forest ecosystem directly in the form of mangrove wood used as firewood and fence stakes, leaves Nipah are made with roofs, and the community carries out fishing and crab activities around mangrove waters.Analysis of the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village amounted to Rp. 6.884.344.178,-/year. The total economic value is obtained from the value of direct benefits including utilization as firewood Rp. 4,160,000,- /year; fence pegs Rp. 87.500,-/year; roof of the house Rp. 330.000,-/year; fishing Rp. 769.174.000,-/year; crab fishing is Rp. 190.320.000,-/year, and the value of indirect benefits is as a barrier to abrasion and seawater waves Rp. 5.920.272.678,-/year. The large economic value of the total mangrove forest ecosystem in Sarawet Village shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits to the community.Keywords: direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, total economic value, MangroveAbstrakThe purpose of this study is to: 1) identify various types of direct and indirect benefits of mangrove forests, and 2) estimate the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative using survey methods. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activities of utilizing natural resources of mangrove ecosystems, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The selection of respondents used the purposive sampling method, with a total of 76 respondents. Analysis of the total economic value for the value of direct benefits using market prices, and the value of indirect benefits using replacement costs. The results showed that the people of Sarawet Village use the mangrove forest ecosystem directly in the form of mangrove wood used as firewood and fence stakes, leaves Nipah are made with roofs, and the community carries out fishing and crab activities around mangrove waters.Analysis of the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village amounted to Rp. 6.884.344.178,-/year. The total economic value is obtained from the value of direct benefits including utilization as firewood Rp. 4,160,000,- /year; fence pegs Rp. 87.500,-/year; roof of the house Rp. 330.000,-/year; fishing Rp. 769.174.000,-/year; crab fishing is Rp. 190.320.000,-/year, and the value of indirect benefits is as a barrier to abrasion and seawater waves Rp. 5.920.272.678,-/year. The large economic value of the total mangrove forest ecosystem in Sarawet Village shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits to the community.Keywords: direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, total economic value, Mangrove.

Spatial model of forest area designation and function based on multi-criteria in dry land and mangrove forest ecosystems, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Akhbar, Naharuddin, Arianingsih I, Misrah, Akhbar RK. 2022. Spatial model of forest area designation and function based on multi-criteria in dry land and mangrove forest ecosystems, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3620-3630. Along with the dynamics of rapid social change and the need for land for economic development, land and climate parameters on changes in the designation and function of forest areas, it is time to integrate with socio-economic parameters and government policies while still paying attention to the condition of existing forest vegetation cover. This study aimed to develop a spatial analysis model of changes in the designation and function of forest areas based on multi-criteria in dry land and mangrove forest ecosystems. The research used a descriptive-spatial method with a multi-criteria-based decision-making technique for changes in the designation and function of forest areas. The data analysis utilizes Geographic Information System. The motivation for the proposed forest area change is the target to be achieved in the multi-criteria decision analysis. This research resulted in a spatial analysis approach that integrates scoring techniques and multi-criteria-based decision-making techniques. In Locus BL_010, a change in the function of forest area can be generated, while in Locus TL_003 a decision is made to change the allocation and function of forest area. The achievement of multi-criteria-based spatial analysis on changes in the designation and function of forest areas is quite flexible in decision making because each proposed motivational target will be achieved if it is in accordance with the established criteria and field facts.

Valuasi Ekonomi Hutan Mangrove (Studi pada Kawasan Pesisir Laut Utara Pulau Jawa)

In the mangrove forest ecosystem in the Java Island Coastal Area, there are shrimp and fish ponds owned by the community. Mangrove formations in coastal areas are generally the same, which is Avicennia spp, and are found from the boundaries of residential villages to far ahead of pond areas, specifically on aanslibbing which is the result of sedimentation from the coast and deposition from the sea. The Total Economic Value of mangrove ecosystems in the coastal area of Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency is the sum of benefit values, such as Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, and Existence Value.The results of this study explained that the indirect benefits of mangrove forest ecosystems in Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency have the largest percentage which is 90.74% with a value of Rp. 4,807,905,315.53/year. The value of the greatest indirect benefits explains the ecological benefits of mangrove forests which are the greatest compared to economic and social benefits. Meanwhile, direct benefits are the second largest with a value of Rp. 185,145,655.00. This considerable value is due to the large value of the benefits of other biotas around the mangrove ecosystem. The total value of these direct benefits directly provides an indicator of economic benefits. The same result was also obtained from research conducted by Rangkuti (2013) where mangrove cover significantly contributed to daily shrimp and crab/biota catches (99% confidence interval). Furthermore, other benefits were identified, such as the benefits of choice and the benefits of existence. The results of the quantification of other benefits obtained successively the value of the optional benefit of Rp. 16,440,975.00/year (3.97%) and the value of the existence benefit of Rp. 20,782,079.29/year (0.52%). The comparison of the benefits generated from the mangrove forest ecosystem further strengthens that the ecological value of the mangrove forest is the greatest. Therefore, the community should be aware of the importance of managing the mangrove ecosystem while maintaining its sustainability. This means that the change in the mangrove forest ecosystem by becoming a shrimp pond system will be ecologically resistant and the real impact is the damage to the coastal environment which is no longer a barrier from waves crashing on the edge of the mainland.

Penyuluhan Pentingnya Konservasi Ekosistem Mangrove di Kampung Rawa Mekar Jaya Kabuparten Siak

As part of the coastal and marine environment, mangrove ecosystems are often degraded due to more levies/logging, the conversion of nikau forests into ponds shrimp, and pollution. The decline in the quality of this area originated from anthropogenic factors from land pollution originating from land (land base), as well as pollution from marine activities (seabase). The threat needs to be anticipated through increased awareness and awareness of key stakeholders (logging communities). In terms of environmental science, this ecosystem is seen as a potential bulwark of carbon and other environmental services. This activity is an effort to provide understanding to the general public and government officials about the various benefits and importance of mangrove conservation efforts. Counseling on this topic is very necessary because there is information about community complaints about the high exploitation and threats to the sustainability of its existence in Kampung Rawa Mekar Jaya, Siak Regency. Counseling is considered important to be carried out because of the increasing degradation of coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coastal waters, estuaries) due to environmental pressures from human activity. From this community service activity, it is hoped that it can increase the knowledge, understanding, and awareness of the local community about the benefits of long Janka to maintaining coastal and marine ecosystems. The mindset of coastal communities is expected to be open and understand what can be done, what can and cannot be done to coastlines and mangrove ecosystems, for the sake of preserving natural resources and the environment related to the lives of the general public and especially fishermen whose lives are largely dependent on these ecosystems. The form of this planned community service activity is counseling on the importance of mangrove forest ecosystem conservation as an effort to preserve the ecology of coastal areas and coastal waters of Kampung Rawa Mekar Jaya, Siak Regency. Counseling on this topic is considered very necessary considering the increasingly intense community activities that cause overexploitation of mangrove forest areas. This activity is one of the efforts to bring the name of Riau University into contributing to the development of community service specialties, especially education in the field of mangrove forest ecosystem management

POTENSI EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA MANGROVE UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG BERANGBANG (SUATU KASUS DI DESA LONTAR KECAMATAN TIRTAYASA KABUPATEN SERANG)

This research was conducted in the Berangbang Lontar Village, Tirtayasa District, Serang Regency which aims to know the potential benefits of mangroves and the value of direct benefits and the value of indirect benefits of rainbow bridge mangrove forests. The analysis used is Economic Valuation direct benefits and indirect benefits and willingness to pay the public. The methods used in this study were questionnaires and interviews. The data used is primary data and secondary data. The type of sampling is Accidental Sampling. The results of the study showed that the direct benefits obtained by the community from mangrove forests in the research area are fish, crabs, shrimp and seaweed with an economic value of Rp 928,000 with an average value per ha of Rp 4,640. The value of indirect benefits consists of tourism value with an economic value of Rp 11,900,000 with an average value per ha of Rp 59,500. The value of the option benefits is 227,820 per ha. The result is multiplied by the total area of mangrove forest ecosystems along lontar village which is an area of 200 ha, with the total value of biodiversity benefits of Rp 45,564,000 per year. The value of existence benefits is Rp 1,606.1 ha /year with a mangrove area of 200 ha. Therefore, the total number of benefits of mangrove forest ecosystem in Berangbang village is Rp 321,220/year. The total economic benefit value of mangroves in Berangbang village is Rp 71,240,800 while the total benefit value per ha is Rp 598,172 per year.

PENDAMPINGAN PENERAPAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE SEBAGAI DAERAH EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA LONTAR KABUPATEN SERANG

The aim of this program is to improve the skills and sensitivity of the team of practitioners in the design of concepts and strategies in the management and use of mangrove forest ecosystems as a field of community-based ecotourism. Output targets include; Increased knowledge about the potential of mangrove ecosystems that have the value of environmental services that can be managed and used as an ecotourism field in accordance with community participation and empowerment. With the implementation of this program, a form of strategy is obtained in the management and use of community-based mangrove ecosystems and assistance for local government programs in the context of mangrove ecosystem preservation that have been regulated in regional regulations on the management and preservation of mangrove ecosystems. The method of implementing the program concerns the potential of forest areas that can be used as ecotourism areas in this case, the village government of Serang Regency, Tirayasa District, direct observation and documenting the location of mangrove ecosystem areas, plan interviews concerning the management and use of mangrove ecosystems as a field of community-based ecotourism, and socialization of mangrove ecosystem management and use as an ecotourism field based on community strengthening and Institutional. The results of the program obtained consist of a plan to manage and use the mangrove ecosystem as a community-based ecotourism field. This design will be a model that can be used by partners in this case the Lontar village government in Tirayasa District, Serang Regency in the development of mangrove ecosystems as an ecotourism area. The design to explore the management of plans and the use of mangrove ecosystems as ecotourism areas has been socialized by community leaders, youth leaders and village governments

Review: Phytochemical composition, medicinal uses and other utilization of Nypa fruticans

Abstract. Nugroho GD, Wiraatmaja MF, Pramadaningtyas PS, Febriyanti S, Liza N, Naim DM, Ulumuddin YI, Setyawan AD. 2020. Review: Phytochemical composition, medicinal uses and other utilization of Nypa fruticans. Bonorowo Wetlands 10: 51-65. Nypa fruticans Wurmb or “nipa/nipah” is a palm plant in mangrove ecosystems along tropical and subtropical river estuaries affected by tides. Nipa has a high abundance in the mangrove forest ecosystem. Therefore, knowledge and utilization of this nipa plant need to be sought and examined more deeply to optimize its utilization. This review aims to find out the phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, and other utilization of nipa plants. The main phytochemical composition of nipa is polyphenols, phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. However, other chemical compounds such as ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, triterpenoids, phenol hydroquinone, diterpenes, and steroids are still available. The many chemical compounds in nipa can be used as raw materials in a product, especially in modern medicines. Based on people's beliefs in several tropical countries that nipa has the potential of herbal medicine to treat fever, gout, kidney stones, energy booster, aid digestion, as a cure for certain chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and hypertension, treat asthma, leprosy, tuberculosis, sick throat, liver disease, snakebite, as a pain reliever, and also be used as a sedative and able to expel excess wind in the body. Then in the pharmacological aspect, nipa has antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial), anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antihyperglycemic and analgesic activities. In addition to other benefits outside of drugs, nipa is used as a roof for houses, cattle pens, huts in the garden, broomsticks, handicrafts, fishing gear, food and drink sources, and sources of renewable fuel.

Dissolved Organic Matter and Activities of Extracellular Enzymes in Two Lagoons (South China Sea) Affected by Aquaculture

Xincun Lagoon and Li’an Lagoon are typical tropical lagoons containing unique seagrass meadow and mangrove forest ecosystems. However, nutrient pollution from human activities threatens ecosystem health in these areas. A year-long bimonthly survey was carried out to study the bioavailability of organic nutrients through hydrolysis of the extracellular enzymes β-glucosidase (GLU), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the two lagoons. The results showed that the nutrient statuses in Xincun Lagoon and Li’an Lagoon were highly variable and enriched with organic nutrients, especially nitrogen. Organic nitrogen and phosphorus were actively recycled in the lagoons through active LAP and AP hydrolysis. The enzyme activities were mostly produced by particulate-associated bacteria and were positively regulated by the existence of organic nutrients. The enzymatic stoichiometry results indicated the importance of dissolved proteins and aminopolysaccharides as sources of both carbon and nitrogen and a potential phosphorus limitation on microbial growth in the lagoons. Our results emphasized the importance of EEAs in the recycling of organic nutrients and the potential influence of enriched organic nutrients on both microorganisms and plants in Xincun Lagoon and Li’an Lagoon.

Short Communication: Bacterial diversity of mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Sukmawati S, Rosalina F, Sipriyadi, Dewi NK, Yunita M, Sarhan ART, Rahayu Y, Kusumawati E. 2022. Short Communication: Bacterial diversity of mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1427-1432. The mangrove ecosystem is a producer of detritus and a source of nutrients and organic matter. Some of the ecological functions of mangrove forests are coastline protector, preventing seawater intrusion, as a habitat for various living creatures, a microclimate regulator, a nursery ground, spawning ground, as well as a feeding ground for various aquatic biota. The mangrove forest ecosystem cannot be separated from the role of microbes in helping the process of soil biochemical cycles. In the biochemical cycle, microbes are able to maintain the availability of macronutrients in the soil. The objective of this study was to identify the diversity of bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu, Sorong City. The research method descriptively described the diversity of bacterial species found in the mangrove ecosystem in Klawalu, Sorong City, West Papua Province. The results indicated that the DNA fragments of the four isolates obtained from this study were around 1300 bp. Meanwhile, the bacterial species obtained were isolated SA3, identified as Bacillus safensis strain C251, isolate SA8 identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NO10, isolate SL8 was identified as Clostridium sp. JC336, and isolate SL1 was identified as Bacillus australimaris strain IIHR GAPB01.

Status of Seaweeds Community in the Mangrove Forest and Sandy Shore Ecosystems, Red Sea, Egypt

Status of Seaweeds Community in the Mangrove Forest and Sandy Shore Ecosystems, Red Sea, Egypt

Characteristics of Mangrove Forest in Anak Setatah Village Riau Province for Community-Based Tourism Village Development

The community in Anak Setatah Village has made efforts to conserve and rehabilitate mangrove forest ecosystems that have been damaged by abrasion, land conversion and mangrove forest encroachment. The TEGAS Community Group (Pokmas) established a mangrove nursery and planting business independently. The existence of mangrove forests that grow well can provide opportunities for the development of tourist villages. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of mangrove forests in Anak Setatah Village, Riau Province for the development of community-based tourism villages. The research uses survey methods, there are 3 (three) research locations, namely Station I of the mangrove tourism area (Dusun Karet settlement), Station II of the mangrove tourism area (mangrove forest conservation) and Station III of the mangrove tourism area (Dusun Karet beach). Research activities have been carried out in October 2021-January 2022. The results showed that the density of mangroves growing in the mangrove forest ecosystem of Anak Setatah Village, namely Station I, was 1122 ind/ha; Station II is 1799 ind/ha and Station III is 1289 ind/ha. Mangrove density at Station I and Station III is classified as medium category, at Station II is classified as very dense category. the results of the identification of mangrove vegetation in Station I obtained 2 species of mangrove (Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina); Station II obtained 4 mangrove species (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina); and Station III obtained 2 species of mangrove (Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina). The results showed that the mangrove forest ecosystem in Anak Setatah Village had an average IKW value, namely the appropriate category (S2) with an average IKW value at Station I (61.84%); Very suitable category (S1) with an average IKW score at Station II (84.21%) and suitable category (S2) with an average IKW score at Station III (65.79%). Overall the three research stations have the characteristics of mangrove forests that grow well and the community plays an active role in preserving the mangrove forest so that it provides opportunities to be developed as a tourist village.

A chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of yellow mangrove (Bruguiera parviflora) reveals a whole genome duplication event associated with the Rhizophoraceae lineage.

Mangrove forest ecosystems support a diverse flora and fauna of marine and terrestrial species and have important direct and indirect economic, ecological and social values to mankind. Yellow mangrove (Bruguiera parviflora) belongs to the Rhizophoraceae family and is widely distributed in the intertidal zones along sheltered coastal areas in tropical latitudes. Here, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level assembly of the B.parviflora genome. We employed the 10x Genomics linked-read technology to obtain a preliminary assembly, which was subsequently scaffolded using the long-range chromatin contact mapping technique (HiC) to obtain a final assembly containing 213,026,782 bases in 10,045 scaffolds with an N50 length of 10,906,948 bases. Our gene prediction recovered 96.5% of the highly conserved orthologues in the Embryophyta lineage based on the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues (BUSCO) analysis. We analysed the transversion rate at fourfold-degenerate sites from orthologous gene pairs and discovered evidence supporting a recent whole-genome duplication event in B.parviflora and other Rhizophoreae members. Comparative studies based on single-copy orthologous genes indicated that B.parviflora and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza diverged approximately 24.1 million years ago. The population structure analysis revealed that 63 B.parviflora accessions from different geographical regions in Thailand were an admixture of two subpopulations. The examination of alternative splicing events in B.parviflora showed that the most prevalent splicing mechanism was intron retention. This high-quality genome assembly together with the genetic diversity information obtained from the germplasm provide useful genomic resources for future studies on comparative phylogenetics and evolution of adaptive traits in mangrove species.

Tourists’ willingness to pay for restoration of Sundarbans Mangrove forest ecosystems: a contingent valuation modeling study

Tourists’ willingness to pay for restoration of Sundarbans Mangrove forest ecosystems: a contingent valuation modeling study