Mangrove Crab Research Articles

DAMPAK PENAMBANGAN EMAS ILEGAL DI KABUPATEN BURU TERHADAP KONSENTRASI MERKURI (Hg) PADA KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) DAN KEONG BAKAU (Telescopium telescopium)

Background: Illegal gold mining in Buru Regency uses the heavy metal mercury toprocess gold material, so it can pollute the environment, including aquatic biota such asmangrove crabs (Scylla serrata) and mangrove snails (Telescopium telescopium). The aimof this research is to analyze the amount of mercury concentration and the level of pollutionin mangrove crabs and snails as a result of illegal gold mining in Buru Regency.Methods: Research samples were taken at the Waelata River Estuary and the AnahoniRiver Estuary. For mercury analysis, 8 mangrove crabs and 16 mangrove snails weretaken. Analysis of mercury concentration using the AAS Cold Vapor method.Results: The results showed that the heavy metal mercury was detected in mangrovecrabs and mangrove snails. The concentration of mercury detected is still below the qualitystandard set based on heavy metal contamination (SNI) No. 7387 of 2009, specifically forthe heavy metal Hg in shellfish (bilvalves), mollusks and sea cucumbers, shrimp and othercrustaceans at 1.0 mg/kg (ppm).Conclusion: Illegal gold mining in Buru Regency has an impact on mercury concentrationsin mangrove crabs and mangrove snails, but the value is still below the specified qualitystandards. However, consumption of mangrove crabs and mangrove snails that live aroundgold mining areas in Buru Regency must be limited, considering the nature of mercuryaccumulation.

The reestablishment of mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.) in an abandoned pond following natural mangrove recolonization

Scylla spp. are among the most economically important fisheries resources derived from the mangroves. However, the widespread mangrove destruction resulted in the loss of habitat, thus the dwindling capture production of many mangrove‐associated faunas. Although studies have shown that Scylla populations have reestablished in mangrove‐reforested areas, this study was the first in a mangrove‐recolonized abandoned pond in the Philippines. Six fishers conducted standardized fishing every spring tide of the month using cylindrical bamboo traps. All crabs caught from July 2010 to December 2011 were recorded for species, sex, sexual maturation of females, carapace width (CW), and body weight (BW). Total landings comprised 14,262 crabs weighing 1,743 kg; 79.67% Scylla olivacea, 20.18% S. tranquebarica, and 0.15% S. serrata. CW ranged 3.1–17.1 cm and BW 10–1,250 g, with the male crabs comprising 39.23–64.65% of the monthly landings and the females distributed as 19.88–45.01% immature, 0.50–16.57% mature, 0.45–16.02% gravid, and less than 0.10% spent crabs. Monthly landings ranged 254–1,231 pcs of crabs or 32.38–160.59 kg. The monthly mean catch per unit effort (CPUE), in terms of number, was 0.101 ± 0.01–0.456 ± 0.02 crab gear−1 day−1 (max = 1.13), while in terms of biomass, 12.86 ± 0.84–54.36 ± 3.16 g gear−1 day−1 (max = 112.50). Length–weight relationships of S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica are expressed as W = 0.224967L2.9864 (r2 = 94.08%, p < 0.001; n = 11,363) and W = 0.173409L3.1074 (r2 = 92.71%, p < 0.001; n = 2,878), respectively. This study revealed that Scylla spp. could reestablish in mangrove‐recolonized abandoned ponds.

Predicting climate change impacts on critical fisheries species in Fijian marine systems and its implications for protected area spatial planning

AbstractAimSpatially explicit protections of coastal habitats determined on the current distribution of species and ecosystems risk becoming obsolete in 100 years if the movement of species ranges outpaces management action. Hence, a critical step of conservation is predicting the efficacy of management actions in future. We aimed to determine how foundational, habitat‐building species will respond to climate change in Fiji.LocationThe Republic of Fiji.MethodsWe develop species distribution models (SDMs) using MaxEnt, General Additive Models and Boosted Regression Trees and publicly available data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to predict changes in distribution of suitable habitat for mangrove forests, coral habitat, seagrass meadows and critical fisheries invertebrates under several IPCC climate change scenarios in 2070 or 2100. We then overlay predicted distribution models onto existing Fijian protected area network to assess whether today's conservation measures will afford protection to tomorrow's distributions.ResultsWe found that mangrove suitability is projected to decrease along the Coral Coast and increase northward towards the Yasawa Islands due to precipitation changes. The response of seagrass meadows was predicted to be inconsistent and dependent on the climate scenario. Meanwhile, suitability for coral reefs was not predicted to decline significantly overall. The mangrove crab Scylla serrata, an important resource for fisherwomen in Fiji, is projected to increase in habitat suitability while economically important sea cucumber species will have highly variable responses to climate change.Main conclusionsSpecies distribution models are a critical tool for conservation managers, as linking spatial distribution data with future climate change scenarios can aid in the creation and resiliency of protected area programmes. New protected area designations should consider the future distribution of species to maximize benefits to those taxa.

Gill-associated bacteria are homogeneously selected in amphibious mangrove crabs to sustain host intertidal adaptation

BackgroundThe transition from water to air is a key event in the evolution of many marine organisms to access new food sources, escape water hypoxia, and exploit the higher and temperature-independent oxygen concentration of air. Despite the importance of microorganisms in host adaptation, their contribution to overcoming the challenges posed by the lifestyle changes from water to land is not well understood. To address this, we examined how microbial association with a key multifunctional organ, the gill, is involved in the intertidal adaptation of fiddler crabs, a dual-breathing organism.ResultsElectron microscopy revealed a rod-shaped bacterial layer tightly connected to the gill lamellae of the five crab species sampled across a latitudinal gradient from the central Red Sea to the southern Indian Ocean. The gill bacterial community diversity assessed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was consistently low across crab species, and the same actinobacterial group, namely Ilumatobacter, was dominant regardless of the geographic location of the host. Using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we detected that these members of actinobacteria are potentially able to convert ammonia to amino acids and may help eliminate toxic sulphur compounds and carbon monoxide to which crabs are constantly exposed.ConclusionsThese results indicate that bacteria selected on gills can play a role in the adaptation of animals in dynamic intertidal ecosystems. Hence, this relationship is likely to be important in the ecological and evolutionary processes of the transition from water to air and deserves further attention, including the ontogenetic onset of this association.3Laf7oPRkT1oomGtCYxhFNVideo

Commercially important mangrove crabs are more susceptible to microplastic contamination than other brachyuran species

Brachyuran crabs are ecologically and economically important macrofauna in mangrove habitats. However, they are exposed to various contaminants, including plastics, which bioaccumulate in relation to their feeding modes. Setiu Wetlands is a unique place on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia where different ecosystems such as mangroves, lagoon, beaches, etc., are duly connected and influencing each other. In recent years, the shifted river mouth has threatened these wetlands, causing severe hydrodynamic changes in the lagoon, especially in the core mangrove zone. The present study tested microplastics (MPs) contamination in the mangroves through brachyuran crabs as indicators. Three sampling sites, namely Pulau Layat, Kampung Pengkalan Gelap, and Pulau Sutung were chosen. The four abundant crab species Parasesarma eumolpe, Metaplax elegans, Austruca annulipes, and Scylla olivacea, which display different feeding behaviours were collected from all sites covering the dry (Feb–Mar 2021) and the wet (Dec 2021–Jan 2022) seasonal periods. There were significant differences in the seasonal abundance of MPs among crab species. The highest accumulation of MPs in the crab stomachs in the dry season could be linked to subdued water circulation and poor material dispersion. Besides the lower MPs in the wet period due to improved water exchange conditions, its significant presence in the stomachs of S. olivacea indicates the role of its feeding behaviour as a carnivore. In addition, the micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) revealed the widespread occurrence of polymers such as rayon and polyester in all species across the sites. Given the fact that crabs like S. olivacea are commercially important and the ones contaminated with MPs can cause detrimental effects on the local community's health, further managerial actions are needed to assure sustainable management of the Setiu Wetlands.

Orange mud crab (Scylla olivacea) exploitation at Sorong waters

Mangrove forests along the vast coast of West Papua serve as the habitat for mud crabs, which are high-value economic resources marketed to various regions in Indonesia. However, intensive utilization impacts the sustainability of mangrove crab populations, especially orange mud crabs (Scylla olivacea). Exploitation studies need to be conducted for further use to manage crab resources. This study was conducted for six months, from April to September 2021, with a sample of 2,971 orange mud crabs. Data analysis was carried out using crab carapace width (CW) data to predict resource exploitation and sustainability. The caught orange mud crab size was 80-190 mm, with natural mortality (M) lower than fishing mortality (F). The exploitation of this crab has attained E = 0.72, which proves that overfishing. We can do the management of orange mud crabs by observing the size of mature gonads and spawning areas to provide an opportunity to increase the population in the waters.

Association between Mangrove Types and Some Mangrove Crab Species in West Lombok Sheet Mangrove Ecosystem

One of the ecosystems found in coastal areas is the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves have many functions including as a shelter, a place to find food, a breeding ground for aquatic biota. Damage to mangrove areas can cause a decrease in the quality of mangrove ecosystems, especially for the life of mangrove crabs. Mud crab is one of the aquatic biota associated with mangroves and its life is influenced by the presence of mangrove forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mud crabs that live in mangrove ecosystems and the association of mangrove species with several species of mud crabs in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Lembar, West Lombok. Mud crab samples were taken using purposive sampling by looking at the density of mangroves in each observation plot. The collected data were analyzed by diversity index, ecological index, association and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Then a simple linear regression analysis was performed with the variable (x) density of mangroves and (y) density of mangrove crabs. The results of this study were found to be 10 species of mud crabs consisting of 2 families of Ovalipidae and 8 families of Portunidae which belong to the moderate diversity index. There were 2 species of mud crabs that were positively associated with 2 species of mangroves out of 10 species of mud crabs found. Linear regression equation y = 0.2482x + 0.0004 with a pearson correlation coefficient (r²) (0.58). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between mangrove density and mangrove crab densityOne of the ecosystems found in coastal areas is the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves have many functions including as a shelter, a place to find food, a breeding ground for aquatic biota. Damage to mangrove areas can cause a decrease in the quality of mangrove ecosystems, especially for the life of mangrove crabs. Mud crab is one of the aquatic biota associated with mangroves and its life is influenced by the presence of mangrove forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of mud crabs that live in mangrove ecosystems and the association of mangrove species with several species of mud crabs in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Lembar, West Lombok. Mud crab samples were taken using purposive sampling by looking at the density of mangroves in each observation plot. The collected data were analyzed by diversity index, ecological index, association and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Then a simple linear regression analysis was performed with the variable (x) density of mangroves and (y) density of mangrove crabs. The results of this study were found to be 10 species of mud crabs consisting of 2 families of Ovalipidae and 8 families of Portunidae which belong to the moderate diversity index. There were 2 species of mud crabs that were positively associated with 2 species of mangroves out of 10 species of mud crabs found. Linear regression equation y = 0.2482x + 0.0004 with a pearson correlation coefficient (r²) (0.58). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between mangrove density and mangrove crab density

Bioconcentration of Plumbum (Lead) and Cadmium on mangrove crab Scylla spp. in mangrove ecosystem Passo Ambon Indonesia

Mangrove crab (Scylla spp.) is one of the potential fishery commodities of Maluku Province, which is in high demand because of delicious and nutritious and has selling and export value. This research conducted on the Passo mangrove ecosystems, in May-July 2021. The aims were to analyze the concentration of heavy metals Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium) in water, sediment and mangrove crabs; and to analyze bioconcentrations and its pollutant categories. Samples of water, sediment and mangrove crabs were taken and captured in the mangrove ecosystems of Passo (Station 1) and at three substations using the purposive sampling method. The treatment of water samples, sediment and mangrove crabs from nature follows the standards of handling samples for analysis of heavy metal concentrations in each medium. The concentration of heavy metals in each medium was analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the value of the concentration of Pb in Passo was still at the detection limit; concentrations in sediments have exceeded the detection limit; and the concentration of mangrove crabmeat has exceeded the detection limit. The value of Cd concentrations in water of Passo was still at the limit detection value; concentrations in sediments have exceeded the detection limit; while concentration on mangrove crabmeat was still relatively low but indicated accumulation. Bioconcentration Factor indicates the accumulation of PB and Cd metals was relatively low (<100).

The potential feasibility of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) silvofishery aquaculture

Abstract. Rinaldy H, Iskandar J, Cahyandito MF, Sunardi. 2023. The potential feasibility of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) silvofishery aquaculture. Biodiversitas 24: 3344-3354. The degradation of mangrove forests in Indonesia has reached more than 50%, and increases continuously. Sei Beduk is one of the Sub-districts in Batam City, Indonesia, that has mangrove forest damage where the density of trees per hectare is below the normal value of &lt;1,000 trees per hectare. One approach that can be applied to overcome forest degradation is fisheries management with an ecosystem approach. This study aims to determine the suitable location for cultivating mangrove crab (Scylla serrata Forskål, 1775) and analyze the potential feasibility of S. serrata silvofishery cultivation using a quantitative approach with the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) method. According to Slovin's calculations, a minimum of 100 people samples were obtained, and 147 samples were obtained at the time of data collection. The results showed that the location of the Perahu was highly potential for silvofishery S. serrata cultivation. The overall potential feasibility of silvofishery S. serrata cultivation in Sei Beduk, Batam was 53.10% or moderate/relatively good. The potential feasibility of S. serrata cultivation management planning is sufficient to support the sustainability of mangrove forests and allow it to be implemented. The feasible plan for managing S. serrata cultivation is to preserve ecology while improving and considering aquaculture policies and regulations. The relatively appropriate mangrove silvofishery cultivation in Sei Beduk, Batam, can provide community solutions to carry out silvofishery cultivation as a measure to overcome the problem of mangrove forest degradation, particularly in Sei Beduk, Batam.

Pemeriksaan Ektoparasit pada Berbagai Komoditas Budidaya Perikanan Payau

Ectoparasites is a type of parasite that is generally found infecting the external organs of their host's body. Knowledge of the types of parasites and the host are reviewed as an effort to control parasitic attacks. This study aimed to examine the types of ectoparasites in various brackish aquaculture commodities. Research procedurewereincluding preparation of tools and materials, sampling, observation of clinical symptoms, necropsy, observation of parasites and data processing. This study used purposive sampling with 28 samples obtained from several locations consisting of 5 nemo fish (A. ocellaris), 2 tilapia (O. niloticus), 1 snapper (L. calcarifer), 3 crab (P. pelagicus), 5 mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.), 12 vaname shrimp (L. vannamei). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively by comparison between the commodities and the types of parasites found. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of each commodity were different, namely loss of appetite, inactivity, slow growth and morphological changes.Crab and mangrove crab were not showing clinical symptoms. Parasitic infections were found in all types of commodities except snapper fry, crab larvae, broodstock and vannamei fry. The types of parasites found were Cryptocaryon sp., Tricodina sp., Gyrodactilus sp., Ascarophis sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Octolasmis sp., Rabdostyla sp., Zoothamnium sp., Vorticella sp., Acinata sp. Each type of parasite has different characteristics, properties and control.

Soil and Water Physicochemistry in The Hiding Habitat of Mangrove Crabs (Scylla serrata) in the Mangrove Ecosystem on the Coast of Lampu Satu, Merauke Regency, South Papua Province

Research with the aim of knowing the physicochemistry of soil and water where mangrove crabs hide in the mangrove ecosystem at Lampu Beach, Merauke District, Merauke Regency. The research was conducted for 3 months using the purposive sampling technique survey method. Soil analysis, soil COD, soil BOD, was conducted at Surakarta state university. The results of the fishing carried out for 1 month obtained the number of crabs 15 with details of 9 crabs from station 1 and 6 crabs from station II. Processed the depth of the Hideout 12 – 62cm. with a surface circumference of 5 – 19cm. The results of analysis of soil fractions with three times of testing obtained dusty loam and sandy loam types. The results of the physical and chemical analysis of the soil and water on the substrate obtained a water temperature of 27 - 290C, a water salinity of 0.5 - 1 ppt, a water pH of 6.1 - 7.2 at station 1 and 6.6 - 7.2 at station II. Soil pH at station I was 6.2 – 2.4 mg/l at station II 6.3 – 6.8 mg/l. Soil BOD values were 2.4 – 4.1 mg/l at station I and at station II, 2.4 – 6.1mg/l. COD values at station 1. 4.98 – 6.11mg/l at station II value The COD obtained is 4.71 – 6.8 mg/l. Both soil texture and physico-chemistry of the substrate and water are suitable for the survival of mangrove crabs.

Effect of Salinity On Survival and Growth Rate of Mangrove Crab (Scylla Olivacea) From Megalopa To Crablet Stages

Effect of Salinity On Survival and Growth Rate of Mangrove Crab (Scylla Olivacea) From Megalopa To Crablet Stages

PRODUCTION AND INCOME ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE CRAB (Scylla serrata) FARMING IN TANJUNG REJO VILLAGE PERCUT SEI TUAN DISTRICT DELI SERDANG DISTRICT

Analysis of Production and Revenue of Mangrove Crab Pond (Seylla serrata) Tanjung Rejo Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency”. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the production factors of pond area, seeds, feed and labor on the production of mud crabs. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively. data collection by distributing questionnaires and interviews. The data sources used are primary data sources and secondary data sources, the sampling method in this study is to use the saturated/census sample method, namely by taking the entire population as a sample. The results showed that the variables of land area and seeds had a significant effect on the production of mud crabs, while the variables of feed and energy did not significantly affect the production of mud crabs. The business income from mangrove crab enlargement in the research area is Rp. 12,503,903.5. with a production period of 3 months. Where the revenue from the mangrove crab enlargement business is Rp. 20,004,736.9 and a total cost of Rp. 11,145,570,16.

Pola pertumbuhan dan laju mortalitas Kepiting Bakau (jantan dan betina) jenis Scylla tranquebarica dan Scylla olivacea di Perairan Teluk Bintuni, Provinsi Papua Barat

The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the growth pattern of the relationship between carapace width and weight, growth parameters, and mortality and exploitation rate of mangrove crabs in the waters of Bintuni Bay Regency. This research was conducted in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province. The sampling locations were spread in three locations, namely Bintuni, Manimeri and Babo. Mangrove crab samples obtained from fishing traps caught by fishermen in the waters of Bintuni Bay, identified gender (male or female), and measured carapace width and weight, then the measurement data were analyzed using the help of several data analysis formulas. Based on the results of the analysis, it is evident that the mangrove crab S. tranquebarica has a value of b = 3.6223 (male) with a positive allometric growth pattern and b = 2.8100 (female) with a negative allometric growth pattern, while the type of S. olivacea has a value of b = 2.8612 (male) and b = 2.1581 (female). The growth parameter values for male and female of S. olivacea were able to reach asymptotic carapace width (CW∞) = 20.90 cm, while males and females of S. tranquebarica (CW∞) = 18.90 cm and 19.21 cm, respectively. Natural mortality of S. tranquebarica in the waters of Bintuni Bay is estimated at 0.90 per year (male) and 1.31 per year (female), while S. olivacea is 1.02 per year (male) and 1.12 per year (female).

Drivers of the spatiotemporal patterns of the mangrove crab metacommunity in a tropical bay.

Revealing community patterns and driving forces is essential in community ecology and a prerequisite for effective management and conservation efforts. However, the mangrove ecosystem and its important fauna group such as the crabs, still lack multi-processes research under metacommunity framework, resulting in evidence and theorical application gaps. To fill these gaps, we selected China's most representative mangrove bay reserve in tropical zone as a stable experimental system and conducted a seasonal investigation (July 2020, October 2020, January 2021, and April 2021) of mangrove crabs. We performed a multi-approach analysis using both pattern-based and mechanistic method to distinguish the processes driving the mangrove crab metacommunity. Our results showed that the crab metacommunity exhibits a Clementsian pattern in the bay-wide mangrove ecosystem but is influenced by both local environmental heterogeneity and spatial processes, thus representing a combined paradigm of species sorting and mass effect. Moreover, the long-distance spatial constraints are more pronounced compared to the local environmental factors. This is reflected in the greater importance of the broad-scale Moran's Eigenvector Maps, the distance-decay pattern of similarity, and the difference in beta diversity dominated by the turnover component. This pattern changes throughout the year, mainly due to changes in dominant functional groups caused by the stress of changes in water salinity and temperature induced by air temperature and precipitation. This research provides multi-dimension research data and relevant analysis, offering clear evidence for understanding the patterns and related driving forces of crab metacommunity in tropical bay mangroves, and verifies the applicability of some general laws in the system. Future studies can address more diverse spatiotemporal scales, gaining a clearer understanding to serve the conservation of mangrove ecosystems and economically important fishery species.

The role of mangrove crabs, the key macrofaunal bioengineers, in microplastic production in tropical coastal forests

The negative impact of microplastics is evident worldwide, at both an organismal and ecosystem level, representing a global environmental concern. Physical weathering, chemical and microbial degradation are major known primary pathways for secondary microplastic generation. Here, we show another mechanism which plays a role in the formation of microplastics. We demonstrated the ability of mangrove crabs Parasesarma bidens and Metopograpsus quadridentatus to rapidly shred macro-sized foamed plastics into numerous microplastics through their feeding behaviours. The negative buoyancy of produced fragments illustrated their likely result of being deposited in the environment. Furthermore, the production of plastic fragments varied with respect to crab species and the conditions of the plastic, suggesting an association with the foraging and feeding behaviours of the crabs. These results reveal the contributions of macrofauna to microplastic formation, highlighting the importance of taking macrofaunal fragmentation into account when modelling the source and pathways of plastics in the environment. Macrofauna are often dominant bioengineers (e.g. mangrove crabs) maintaining the health of ecosystems, however, they are now spending energy shredding plastic which could otherwise be used for behaviours that benefit ecological functioning. Studying these interactions not only have a utility in both the ecology and functioning of ecosystems but also overall environmental health.

EXTENSIÓN EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL CAMARÓN ALFEIDEO Potamalpheops tyrymembe SOLEDADE, SANTOS &amp; ALMEIDA, 2014 (DECAPODA: ALPHEIDAE)

TThe occurrence of the alpheid mangrove shrimp Potamalpheops tyrymembe Soledade, Santos and Almeida, 2014, is here e extended from 8°41’S (Rio Ariquindá, state of Pernambuco) to 7°01’S (Rio Paraíba do Norte, state of Paraíba) in northeastern Brazil, enlarging the northern known range of this shrimp. Moreover, we provide additional locality records for this tiny and poorly known shrimp which has been observed in burrows of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763). Keywords: Caridea, estuarine fauna, mangrove fauna, new records, western Atlantic.

The Effect of Adding Fermented Mulberry Leaves (Morus spp.) in Feed Formulation to Stimulate Molting of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

One of the factors in aquaculture activities that affect the production and growth process of mud crab is molting. Several techniques have been developed to accelerate the molting of mud crabs, namely ablation, mutilation, and supplementation. One form of supplementation is through the use of fermented mulberry leaves in mud crab feed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of adding fermented mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) in feed to stimulate the molting of mud crabs (S. serrata). This research was carried out in traditional ponds in Bugis Village, Sape District, Bima Regency, for 60 days. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications, namely control treatment/trash fish (P1), 20% Mulberry Leaf Fermentation (P2), 25% (P3), 30% (P4), and 40% (P5). Research parameters comprise frequency and percentage of molting, absolute growth, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that the combination test feed of fermented mulberry leaf (Morus spp.) in the mud crab (S. serrata) diet did not affect all the parameters measured. The provision of mangrove crab feed formulation with a concentration of 25% mulberry leaf fermentation (P3) and control treatment (P1) gave a faster initial molting, which was the first 10 days of the rearing period with the highest average frequency and percentage of molting of 37 and 41%, respectively.

Phylogenetic diversity of the mangrove crabs’ communities in the Persian Gulf; its relationship with functional diversity highlights conservation priorities

Phylogenetic diversity of the mangrove crabs’ communities in the Persian Gulf; its relationship with functional diversity highlights conservation priorities

Global Distribution of Brachyuran Crabs in Mangroves

The present work has compiled a total of 389 brachyuran crab species belonging to 188 genera and 38 families to be present in mangrove forests across 122 countries/territories in 10 sub-regions of two global hemispheres viz., Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic East Pacific (AEP). The mangrove crabs are highly diverse in the IWP as compared to AEP. They exceed 100 species in nine countries of the IWP viz., Indonesia, India, Japan, Thailand, Australia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, and China. The least number of mangrove crab species (&gt; 10) are found to be present in 38 countries under the AEP. Four countries/territories do not have any record of mangrove crabs. Sesarmidae is the predominant family of mangrove crabs, followed by Ocypodidae and Portunidae. The present work also has brought out 818 synonyms, which otherwise interfere with the preparation of a checklist for an exact number of crab species. It is a matter of necessity to conserve the crabs, which are keystone species of the mangrove ecosystems.