Mango Seeds Research Articles

Paracetamol Removal from Aqueous Solution Through Activated Carbon from Mango Seeds

Paracetamol Removal from Aqueous Solution Through Activated Carbon from Mango Seeds

Fruit maturity, storage time and pre-sowing water treatment effect on emergence and seedling vigour parameters of bitter wild mango (Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen) seeds in the nursery

Poor germination and seedling establishment as well as unavailability of seeds are major problems in sustainable production of Irvingia wombolu. Hence the need to find the right colour fruit maturity, storage time and pre-sowing water treatment on emergence and seedling vigour parameters of bitter wild mango seeds with the aim of improving this multipurpose fruit tree species. Five maturity colour which include green, yellow, yellowish green, greenish brown and dark brown were subjected to 4 water soaking regimes (0, 12, 24 and 36 h) and 4 room temperature storage duration (0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks). Completely randomized design factorial with three replications was used. Data on seed emergence capacity, seedling length, seed vigour index (SVI), stem diameter and number of leaves were subjected to analysis of variance. Results shows that significant differences (P<0.05-P<0.01) were observed in the five quality traits observed due to differences in fruit colour, soaking time and storage time. The three- way interaction between fruit colour, soaking time and storage time were significant ((P<0.05-P<0.01) for all the characters. Dark brown fruit recorded the best in terms of emergence, seedling vigour index, stem diameter and leaf while yellow colour fruit had the best in terms of plant height. Zero-hour soaking had the highest in seedling emergence, seedling vigour index and leaf number while 12 h soaking gave the best effect in terms of plant height and stem diameter. Dark brown and yellow colour fruit of I. wombolu are recommended and short duration of soaking for 0-12 h will enhance the plant height and stem diameter.

EVALUATION OF ENZYMATIC ALTERNATIVES FOR THE EXTRACTION OF MANGO SEED OIL (Mangifera indica Linnaeus.)

The high production of mango seeds (Mangifera indica linnaeus.) in the Dominican Republic, and especially those from processing companies of this fruit, represents an opportunity to find new possibilities that lead to the use of these wastes in different scenarios. The oils are mainly used for human consumption, animal feed, soaps, cosmetics, biodiesel production and hybrid vehicle motor fuels. In accordance with the above, it is necessary to provide innovative proposals aimed at finding new sources of vegetable oil that allow providing new alternatives in the production of this resource. This new alternative of the use of mango would be an alternative for the use of by-products from the food industry and thus contribute to the reduction of possible environmental impacts. In this investigation it was concluded that the percentage of oil extraction using enzymes was low compared to the extraction by hexane. The mango seed was hydrolyzed using a ternary combination of 65% Alcalase, 25% Viscozyme L and 10% Neutrase. The enzymatic methodology presents an alternative for the extraction of mango seed oil with cosmetic and food applications.

Starch of mango seeds: Obtaining, properties and applications

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar a revisão de literatura sobre a importante utilização de resíduos de manga na indústria alimentícia como nova fonte de amido, a extração de amido de manga da parte das sementes dos resíduos, ressaltando as propriedades, a reologia e suas diferentes aplicações na indústria. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados SciELO, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, PubMed, LILACS, PERIÓDICOS CAPES, com as palavras-chave: preparação do amido a partir de sementes de manga (preparation of starch from mango seeds), propriedades dos amidos (properties of starches), aplicação de resíduos de manga em alimentos (application of mango waste in food) e reologia (rheology). Os artigos usados neste trabalho foram publicações do tipo artigos científicos, todos na íntegra, disponíveis e com livre acesso eletrônico; utilizaram-se também artigos nacionais e internacionais, delimitando um período de tempo de 2014 a 2019. Conclui-se que diversos estudos têm demostrado que o amido utilizado como fonte renovável pode influenciar de forma expressiva em vários processos tecnológicos da indústria alimentícia, tanto e, principalmente no metabolismo vital da alimentação humana, como na textura dos produtos. Assim, os diversos pontos comentados nesta revisão demostram que o amido é considerado mais que um componente energético e pode ser bastante estudado nas suas caracterizações químicas e também no seu aproveitamento tecnológico e nutricional.

Evaluation of the proximate and anti-nutrient composition of methanol extract of Mangifera indica (mango) seed kernel and impact of its consumption on haematological parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate and anti-nutrient composition of methanol extract of Mangifera indica (mango) seed kernel and impact of its consumption on haematological indices of treated rats. Mango seed kernels were processed into fine powder which was subsequently divided into two parts. While one half of the flour sample was used for proximate analysis, the remaining half was subjected to extraction. Twenty five adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I was the normal control and was fed rat chow and water only, Groups II-V were administered with 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg bw of Mango Seed Kernel Extract (MSKE) respectively. Administration of extract lasted for 21 days after which rats were sacrificed and blood sample collected for analysis of haematological indices which were determined by standard procedures. Proximate analysis revealed the presence of ash, crude fibre, crude protein, fat and total carbohydrate (70.12±1.34%) which was reportedly more abundant. The study also revealed the presence of anti-nutrients such as oxalate, tannins, phytate, alkaloid and saponins and phytate (1.49±0.01 mg/100g) which was most abundant, while alkaloid (0.03±0.02 mg/100 g) was the least abundant. Administration of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of MSKE significantly (P<0.05) reduced Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV). However, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg MSKE reduced WBC compared to the control, there was a non-significant (P>0.05) difference between the WBC of the control group and that of the group II administered with 200 mg/kg bw MSKE. In conclusion, the fact that MSKE is an embodiment of nutrients and anti-nutrients has undoubtedly been consolidated further through this research and the alterations observed in the studied blood parameters are direct consequence of the anti-nutrient.

Ferromagnetic Biochar Prepared from Hydrothermally Modified Calcined Mango Seeds for Fenton-like Degradation of Indigo Carmine

Biochar and ferromagnetic biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of dried mango seeds and modified using a hydrothermal method were used as catalyst for the heterogeneous degradation of indigo carmine in an aqueous medium. These prepared biochars were characterized using different techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analyses of the results revealed the presence of iron oxide in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4) in the catalyst. The catalytic tests carried out with this composite material showed a significant degradation of indigo carmine. The maximum degradation of indigo carmine in the aqueous solution was reached after 240 min of agitation. The Fenton degradation process using irradiation with a 100 W electric lamp and hydrogen peroxide (concentration 4 mol/L) showed the best results at pH = 3. From this study, it emerged that the second-order kinetic model better described the degradation process, and it gave lower half-lives compared to those obtained with the first-order kinetic law. The study also showed that ferromagnetic biochar could be prepared from mango seeds and used for the degradation of indigo carmine in an aqueous solution.

Co-pyrolysis of Soursop (Annona muricata) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Seeds: A Route to High-Quality Bio-oil

Co-pyrolysis of Soursop (Annona muricata) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Seeds: A Route to High-Quality Bio-oil

Effect of butanol additive with mango seed biodiesel and diesel ternary blends on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine

ABSTRACT Current research investigates performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder 4-S diesel engine powered by different ternary fuel blends of diesel, mango seed (potential renewable feedstock of energy generation) biodiesel (MSB) and butanol (promising, sustainable, renewable and eco-friendly) oxygenated additive at different loading conditions experimentally. For the purpose, oil is extracted from discarded mango seeds through Soxhlet apparatus and biodiesel is prepared through transesterification process. Different blending mixture of MSB (fixed in 20%), diesel (80%, 75%, 70%, and 65%) and butanol (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) additive on their volume basis are prepared through magnetic stirring. These blends are named as MSB20B0, MSB20B5, MSB20B10, and MSB20B15, respectively. Experiment reveals that MSB20B5 lowers the BSFC by 25.79% and increases the BTE by 8.46% in comparison to MSB20B0 at maximum loading and approaching diesel fuel. In addition, MSB20B5 blend reduces the exhaust pollutants such as HC, NOx, CO2, and CO by 9.16%, 17.74%, 9.92%, and 13.33%, respectively, compared to MSB20B0 biodiesel blend at maximum loading. Overall, MSB20B5 ternary blend improves engine performance and reduce emissions hence recommended for diesels.

Food industry waste - An opportunity for black soldier fly larvae protein production in Tanzania

Black soldier fly larvae composting is an emerging treatment option with potential to improve biowaste valorization in cities of low-income countries. This study surveyed the current generation and management status of food industry biowaste and their availability and suitability as potential feedstock for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting treatment in three Tanzania cities, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, and Dodoma. Biowaste-generating food industry companies (n = 29) in the three cities were found to produce banana peels, mango seeds, sunflower press cake, brewery waste, and coffee husks in large quantities (~100,000–1,000,000 kg y−1). Around 50 % of these companies (16/29), primarily vegetable oil companies (10/11), either sold or gave away their waste as animal feed, while most companies (9/11) with unutilized food industry waste landfilled the generated biowaste. Multi-criteria analysis based on substrate availability criteria identified banana peels, mango seeds, and coffee husks with total score points of ≥10/12 as the most suitable feedstock for BSFL composting. However, multi-criteria analysis based on physical-chemical criteria identified brewery waste and sunflower press cake with total score points of ≥11/15 as the most suitable feedstock. Combined availability and physical-chemical properties of individual biowastes showed that all identified types of food industry biowaste can be suitable feedstock for producing BSFL biomass for protein production, but certain waste streams needed to be mixed with other waste streams prior to BSFL-composting to ensure sufficient availability and provide a balanced nutritional profile compared with the single-source biowastes. This study concluded that large volumes of food industry waste are being generated from food industry companies in Tanzania and there is need to establish new biowaste management interventions for resource recovery. Furthermore, for interested stakeholders in the waste management business, multi-stream BSFL-composting can be a suitable solution for managing and closing nutrient loops of the unutilized food industry biowaste in Tanzania and in other similar settings globally.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NURSERY POTTING MEDIA ON THE GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) SEEDLINGS

Mango is a valuable income crop that significantly contributes to the food security. However, there was a severe shortage of information on the growth, production and developmental behaviour of different rootstock of mango in different growing media combinations. Accordingly, a study was conducted in 2019–20 at the Mango Research Institute in Multan, Pakistan, used a net house to test the efficacy of several pot media for nursery with different compositions on the seedling growth and development of plants. Mango seeds were planted in potting soil, top soil, sawdust, Farmyard manure, and FYM/sawdust (PM5) (PM4). Three independent trials were conducted using a randomised complete block design. Parameters of germination and development were measured and studied mathematically. The results showed that all of the germination and growth characteristics, except for shoot number, had a substantial influence on the outcome of the experiment. However, germination rate, stem diameter, shoot number, root number, and days to germination were not impacted by the potting medium. Except forstem diameter, shoot number, and internode length, the interaction effect of growth medium had a substantial impact on all other metrics. Mango producers would benefit from using most recommended pot media with the combination of farmyard manure: soil: sand with the ratio of 3:2:1 to increase production.

Evaluation of the hepatotoxic potential of methanol seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica (Mango) using rat mode

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepato-toxic potential of methanol seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica (mango). Dry mango seeds were broken to release the kernels which were subsequently dried at room temperature prior to grinding to fine powder. 500 g of powdered plant sample was developed into extract with the aid of a standard analytical procedure. Twenty (20) adult male albino rats divided into four (4) groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) which was fed normal rat chow and water ad-libitum. Group II, III and IV were administered 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of extract respectively for 21 days after which rats were sacrificed and blood sample collected and analysed for the activity of serum hepatomarkers ; Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was evaluated using standard procedures. Result obtained from the study showed that administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw did not increase the activity of the serum hepatomarkers. However, a contrary observation was made on the activity of serum hepatomarkers in rats administered with 400 mg/kg of MSKE inferring that methanol seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica (mango) could contain a hepatotoxic agent which can only elicit damage in large doses.

High-Surface-Area-Activated Carbon Derived from Mango Peels and Seeds Wastes via Microwave-Induced ZnCl2 Activation for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Molecules: Statistical Optimization and Mechanism.

In this study, Mango (Mangifera indica) seeds (MS) and peels (MP) seeds mixed fruit wastes were employed as a renewable precursor to synthesize high-surface-area-activated carbon (MSMPAC) by using microwave-induced ZnCl2 activation. Thus, the applicability of MSMPAC was evaluated towards the removal of cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) from an aqueous environment. The key adsorption factors, namely A: MSMPAC dose (0.02–0.1 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: time (5–15 min), were inspected using the desirability function of the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Thus, the adsorption isotherm data were found to correspond well with the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of (232.8 mg/g). Moreover, the adsorption kinetics were consistent with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The spontaneous and endothermic nature of MB adsorption on the MSMPAC surface could be inferred from the negative ∆G° values and positive value of ∆H°, respectively. Various mechanisms namely electrostatic forces, pore filling, π-π stacking, and H-bonding govern MB adsorption by the MSMPAC. This study demonstrates the utility of MS and MP as renewable precursors to produce high-surface area MSMPAC with a potential application towards the removal of cationic organic dyes such as MB.

Ex-ante life cycle assessment framework and application to a nano-reinforced biopolymer film based on mango kernel

This article proposes a framework for ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) of biopolymers at low TRL, including: (i) scale-up; (ii) scenarios for processes and modelling choices; (iii) comparison with a fossil-based polymer, considering material substitution factors. The framework was applied to analyse a mango kernel starch (MKS) film and compare it with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Mango seeds (feedstock) were modelled as burden-free since they do not have economic value (baseline). An industrial-scale model was built for the production of starch nanocrystals (SNC) and MKS film using process calculations based on experimental data. Most impacts occur at starch and SNC extraction due to steam and acid consumption. Compared to LDPE, MKS performs better in non-renewable energy use but worse in climate change, freshwater eutrophication, and terrestrial acidification. Scenario analysis showed that yield enhancement and acid shifting could considerably reduce impacts. The proposed framework shows potential to support sustainable innovation of biopolymers.

Mango Seed Kernel: A Bountiful Source of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds

Mango Seed Kernel: A Bountiful Source of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds

Extraction and Characterization of Cassava, Potato and Mango Starches

Starches from cassava tubers, sweet potato, and mango seeds were isolated and characterized. The starches' proximate, elemental composition, physicochemical and physical properties, were studied. Cassava tuber yielded 93.45 percent, while Potato and Mango seed yielded 88.65 and 78.45 percent, respectively, in the proximate composition. When compared to cassava at 5.49 and potato starch 5.72, which have a highly acidic pH, mango starch had a neutral pH of 6.9. The moisture content of starch extracted from cassava and mango was significantly closed values at 6.00 and 6.5 percent, respectively, when compared to potato, which had a moisture content of 4.5 percent. Cassava starch (0.0012±0.003, 0.08 ±0.01) had significantly lower protein and nitrogen levels than Potato (0.35±0.00001) and (0.06±0.03), and was significantly lower than Mango starch (0.35±0.01) and (0.06±0.01) (p <0.005). Cassava starch had the highest swelling capacity of 0.940 cm3 compared to 0.285 and 0.250 cm3 for mango and potato, respectively. Cassava and potato starches have significantly higher swelling capacities of 92.00 and 93.00 percent, respectively, than mango starch, which has a swelling capacity of 75.2 percent. Cassava starch had a greater moisture absorption index of 36.00, compared to Potato 24.10 and Mango starch 23.65 percent, which showed no significant difference. Mango starch had significantly higher sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations than cassava and potato starch, but magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in mango starch than cassava and potato starch. All of the starches have outstanding characteristics and can be used interchangeably, especially in food and pharmaceuticals.

Efficacy of extracts of mango residues loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and their nanocoatings on in vitro and in vivo postharvest fungal

AbstractThe antifungal efficacy of ethanolic extracts of peels and seeds of mango (cvs. Ataulfo, Manila, Kent and Creole) at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% w/v were assessed. Nanostructured coatings based on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), chitosan‐peel extracts nanoparticles (CPNP) and chitosan‐seed extracts nanoparticles (CSNP) were evaluated in the four mango cultivars. The volatile composition of the extract was measured by GC/ME. For the nanoparticles (NP), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of CNP, CPNP and CSNP, and the in vitro and in situ effects of the nanocoatings on various postharvest phytopathogens were also tested. Of the 42 volatile found, 11 exhibited antimicrobial activity. Among these, α‐pinene was present in all cvs and Creole. The average NP sizes were 5 ± 2.76 nm for CNP, 4.123 ± 1.23 nm for CPNP and 3.11 ± 1.06 nm for CSNP with Zeta potentials of −1.94 mV, −2.26 mV and − 4.53 mV respectively. The peel extracts were more efficient at reducing mycelial growth. The most sensitive fungi were Colletotrichum asianum and Talaromyces variabilis. The CPNP completely inhibited the in vitro growth of C. asianum, Fusarium solani, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum oculatum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and T. variabilis. The lowest disease incidence was 20% for the cv. Manila with the nanocoating of CSNP, while in cv Kent, an infection reduction of 50% was achieved with the nanocoating of CPNP. Lower disease severity was with both nanocoatings in cv. Kent. The use of Nanocoatings from mango residues could be an excellent option as a natural antifungal agent.

Anaphylaxis from mango puree contaminated by mango seeds

Case 1 is a 3-year-old boy with severe atopic dermatitis and mango anaphylaxis. Thirty minutes after consuming approximately 100 mL of mango puree (listed ingredients on the label were mango [99%], water, and vitamin C), the patient started vomiting. Shortly after, he developed a cough and hoarseness. These symptoms were promptly followed by pronounced redness of the conjunctiva and generalized urticaria. The parents administered 2.5 mg of oral cetirizine twice and 0.15 mg of intramuscular epinephrine.

Non-Destructive Assessment of the Nutrient Profile of Underutilized Seeds Using Spectroscopic Probes

The population of the world is increasing rapidly, and it is challenging to fulfill the nutritional requirements of an overpopulated world. Therefore, it is necessary to identify underutilized food alternatives that are nutritious, have health-promoting properties, and are widely available. Seeds of mango, drumstick, and jamun are reported to have immense health promoting constituents. Despite this, they are largely discarded as waste due to lack of knowledge about their nutrient profile. Therefore, the present study aims at demonstrating the potential of nondestructive, rapid, and label free spectroscopic probes: attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal micro Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence for determining the phytochemical and elemental profile of the mango, drumstick, and jamun seeds. The infrared and Raman spectra show that these seeds are rich sources of cell wall polysaccharides, amino acids, carbohydrates including glucose and starch, fatty acids, and antioxidants such as carotenoids and flavonoids. In addition, the X-ray fluorescence spectra show that these seeds are rich sources of calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. The study highlights the potential of the nondestructive spectroscopic probes for the rapid, sensitive, cost effective and accurate assessment of nutrient profile of the seeds. The spectral information is highly beneficial for the administrators and nutrition scientists for assessment of diet quality, tackling malnutrition in an effective manner, and exploring use of these seeds.

Eco-friendly Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Particle Image and Size Analysis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Mango Seed Aqueous Extract

A novel approach for the utilization of fruit waste is attempted in the present investigation. Mangifera indica seed aqueous extract was utilized for green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs). The phyto constituents in the seed acted as reducing and stabilizing agent for CeONPs formation. UV-Vis, FT-IR, FL, XRD, DLS and SEM, analysis were used to characterize the green synthesized CeONPs. UV-vis spectra showed characteristic spectra at 333 nm; DLS and SEM confirmed the crystalline nature. FT-IR revealed functional groups like alcohol or phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, alkyl halides and alkynes which were responsible for CeONP formation. The nanoparticles showed more CV study of cerium oxide nanoparticle. Fruit waste can be successfully utilized for cerium nanoparticles formation which can be therapeutically useful and effective.

Effect of Partial Replacement of Yellow Corn by Mango Seed Kernel on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Blood Constituents of Laying Hens

Corn is the main energy source in most poultry feed. Due to rapid climate change, corn production cannot keep up with the demand for food and industrial applications. This necessitated the search for alternatives, such as agro-industrial by-products like mango seed kernel, which is a good source of carbohydrates and protein and can wholly or partly replace corn. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of partial replacement of yellow corn (YC) with soaked mango seed kernel (SMSK) on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, hematological parameters, and antioxidants status of local laying hens. A total of 120 local Gimmizah breeds (108 females and 12 males) at 32 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with three replicates (9 hens + 1 male per replicate). The treatments were YC replaced by SMSK at 0, 10, 15, and 20% levels in the hen diets for 12 weeks. Replacing YC with SMSK increased egg production, weight and number of eggs, and egg mass, and improved feed conversion ratio, but feed intake was not affected. Replacement of yellow corn with SMSK did not affect egg quality parameters. The hens in the SMSK 10% and SMSK 15% groups had the highest fertility, hatchability, post-hatch chick weight, and number followed by those in the SMSK 20% group. Groups given varying levels of SMSK had the lowest rate of embryonic mortality. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were positively affected by the 10% and 15% SMSK diet, except for the heart, pancreas, and spleen. Hematological indices were not influenced by dietary SMSK except for higher platelets in the SMSK 20% group. Total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar among treatments. In SMSK groups, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly, whereas IgG and catalase levels increased. These findings indicated that SMSK up to 20% could be considered a successful nutritional and health approach and can be partially substituted for YC with no adverse impact on the productive, reproductive and physiological performance of laying hens.