Mango Research Articles

Water-soluble oat extract enriched with mango peel flour: preparation, characterization and application in Greek yogurt.

This study aimed to produce water-soluble oat extract enriched with mango peel flour (MPF) as a source of active compounds and to use this ingredient as a partial substitute for whole milk in Greek yogurt (GY) for its nutritional enrichment. Enriched water-soluble oat extracts (EWSOE) were produced with different concentrations of MPF (0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and characterized in relation to pH, titratable acidity, soluble proteins and total phenolics. Three GY formulations were prepared by partially replacing whole milk with EWSOE and the best formulation (in relation to sensory analyzes and phenolics compounds) was selected for storage study, chemical characterization, and sensory acceptance testing. MPF addition increased soluble proteins and total phenolics in EWSOE. GY formulations prepared with EWSOE had similar sensory scores. During storage, GY prepared with EWSOE containing 2% MPF exhibited changes in pH and titratable acidity and a reduction in total phenolics. Color parameters, cholesterol, and fatty acid composition did not change over 21 days of storage. The major fatty acids in GY were oleic and palmitic acids. The selected product had low lactose content (1.2%), achieved satisfactory sensory acceptance in relation to the evaluated attributes, and had lipid (~6.19%) and protein (~3.96%) contents within regulatory requirements. Additionally, EWSOE is a valuable ingredient in GY preparation, offering beneficial nutritional and functional properties.

Anti-Quorum Sensing Efficacy of Mangifera indica Kernel Extract against Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P.aeruginosa (PA) is responsible for causing both acute and chronic infections in immune compromised individuals. Multi-drug resistance among them is a very common phenomenon due to their complex biofilm forming nature enabling the bacteria to evade antibiotic treatment as well as human immune defence mechanism. In the present study, biofilm inhibition in P.aeruginosa was analysed using mango peel (MPE) and kernel extract (MKE). MKE has a greater content of phytoconstituents such as tannin and phenol (1.6458± 0.07 mg g-1 TAE; 1.56± 0.007 mg g-1 GAE) than MPE (0.2938± 0.05 mg g-1 TAE; 1.31± 0.003 mg g-1 GAE). MKE at 12.5-200μg ml-1 showed significant reduction of biofilm (70-75%) and quorum sensing (QS) (35-65%) against PA and C. violaceum whereas MPE showed only 20-23% of biofilm and 5-15% of QS inhibition. Epi-fluorescence and CLSM micrographs demonstrated the efficacy of MKE in inhibiting surface adhesion and biofilm thickness. As a result, MKE at 50μg ml-1 (1/4 BIC) suppressed PA biofilm formation without impairing planktonic cell growth, reducing the possibility of the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Additionally, MKE inhibited the production of pyocyanin and had a negative impact on swarming and twitching motility. Eight distinct phytochemicals were found in MKE after it was characterised, but 2(3h)-furanone, 3-(15-hexadecynylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl, 4r-(3e,4.alpha.,5.beta) represented 33.75% of the peak area and is presumed to be the antibiofilm compound.

Effect of <em>arum manis</em> mango peel extract on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in dyslipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholestyramine as an antidyslipidemia has several side effects, so an alternative is needed. Pectin is a natural substance with a mechanism of action similar to that of cholestyramine. Mango peel is one of the sources of pectin, containing 10–15% of this substance. This study aimed to prove the effect of arum manis mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel extract on LDL, HDL, and TG levels in dyslipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats.
 METHODS 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. All groups were given high-fat diet for the first 18 days, followed by standard feed (negative control group), cholestyramine (Sequest®) 80 mg/200 g body weight (standard treatment group), and mango peel extract (M-90 [90 mg/day], M-180 [180 mg/day], and M-360 [360 mg/day] groups) for the next 15 days. LDL and HDL levels were analyzed using the cholesterol oxidase-phenyl aminopyrazolone method and TG level using the glycerol-3-phosphate-oxidase-phenol-aminophenazone method.
 RESULTS The M-360 group reduced the LDL level (p = 0.015), while the standard treatment group increased the HDL level (p = 0.042). Although significant TG level changes were found in the negative control, standard treatment, and M-360 groups (p = 0.042), the mean differences of LDL, HDL, and TG levels between groups were not significantly different (p = 0.245, 0.328, and 0.454, respectively).
 CONCLUSIONS M. indica peel extract reduced LDL and TG levels at 360 mg/day.

Leviticus 13:1-8 and The Handling of Pandemic Victims Among Priests in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Leviticus 13:1-8 presents God’s instruction to his people, Israel, on how to combat the health pandemic. The hermeneutical propagations will help the priests and church leaders fight the virus, especially among priests in Nsukka, Enugu State. According to this text, the priest is to act as a health instructor in a situation of overwhelming health challenges. It describes health challenges and the role of the priest in overcoming them. Therefore, this text can serve as a model for combating contagious diseases like Covid-19. It is on record that the emergency of the Corona virus pandemic overwhelmed the health workers. This opened a gap, which necessitated that other people, like the priests, could come in and fill it. A rhetorical-exegetical method of biblical interpretation was used. Again, observations and interviews sufficed to ascertain the extent to which the priest helped enforce precautionary measures for Covid-19 as advanced by the World Health Organization and the National Center for Disease Control. It was discovered that the priests and other ordained men of God in Nsukka, Enugu State, are not totally committed to the extra services of helping the health workers in their fight against Covid-19. This is because it does not reflect on their sermon. Also, social distancing was not observed in the churches visited, and no testing kits, not even infrared thermometers, were found in most of the churches visited. Worse still, some laity were observed entering and worshiping without a facemask and no sanction. Washing of hands with soap and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer were noticed not to be in place in most of the remote places of worship centers that were visited. Therefore, this paper engages the priests and religious leaders within the study area to preach health protocols, provide testing materials, and establish isolation centers to assuage Covid-19 pandemic.

Cyberreligion: The Spiritual Paradox of Digital Technology

The existence of cyberspace has not only changed human views on spirituality, religion, rituals, houses of worship, scriptures, spiritual teachers, beliefs, divinity, and even the view of god itself. Cyberspace opens up the possibility to carry out various religious activities in a new way that is artificial or virtual. Literature review, as part of the scientific approach, focuses on the literature of journal articles, books, monographs that discuss themes based on keywords related to the research conducted. A new cyber vision of God is developing, which is now seen as a projection or incarnation of humanity (mind, intelligence, power) in the form of computer simulations that are considered to have power close to god's power. This is the vision of man as his own god developed by cyberists, a man who is no longer willing to submit to the authority of power beyond his own power - god man.

Biovalorization of mango byproduct through enzymatic extraction of dietary fiber.

Mango is considered one of the most important tropical fruits worldwide in terms of its consumption and consumer acceptability. Its processing generates huge quantities of mango byproducts, which is often discarded unscrupulously into the environment and, therefore, needs effective waste management practices. The extraction of mango peels' dietary fiber using enzymatic method can be a useful valorization strategy for management of mango by-products. In the present investigation, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble fraction) was extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis using α-amylase, protease, and amyloglucosidase. Highest yield of dietary fiber (67.5%, w/w) was obtained at 60°C temperature using recommended enzyme concentrations including α-amylase (40 µL), protease (110 µL), and amyloglucosidase (200 µL) after a treatment time of 60min. SEM analysis indicated the increased porosity of dietary fiber samples caused due to the hydrolytic effect of enzymes on its surface structure, whereas FTIR analysis confirmed the functional groups present in dietary fiber. The coexistence of crystalline and amorphous nature of polymers present in soluble and insoluble fractions of dietary fiber was assessed by XRD analysis. Further, the analysis of functional properties including WHC, OHC, and SC revealed the suitability of using extracted mango peel's dietary fiber in the food systems.

A Review on Food Wastes for Manufacturing New Food Products

Food waste utilisation is the very current global concern at today’s world. Fruits and vegetables are the foremost part of balanced diet. The cycle of healthy diet is not fulfilled without fruits. Furthermore, fruit peels possess also great benefits for people health. Researcher are trying to make new food products from different food wastes. From recent research study it was found that pomegranate peels, mango peels, orange peels, banana peels which contribute enormous good efficacy to provide good health status. These waste constituent help to develop different new fortified food products, which contain lots of bioactive compounds that helps to mitigate acute to chronic ailments. This review article will be discussed an up-to-date information about uses of food wastes for manufacturing new fortified food products.

A Review on Food Wastes for Manufacturing New Food Products

Food waste utilisation is the very current global concern at today’s world. Fruits and vegetables are the foremost part of balanced diet. The cycle of healthy diet is not fulfilled without fruits. Furthermore, fruit peels possess also great benefits for people health. Researcher are trying to make new food products from different food wastes. From recent research study it was found that pomegranate peels, mango peels, orange peels, banana peels which contribute enormous good efficacy to provide good health status. These waste constituent help to develop different new fortified food products, which contain lots of bioactive compounds that helps to mitigate acute to chronic ailments. This review article will be discussed an up-to-date information about uses of food wastes for manufacturing new fortified food products.

Box–Behnken Design to Optimize Standardized Mangiferin-Rich Mango Peel Extract from Agro-Industrial Waste Product

The light mango or “Ma-Muang Bao” (Mangifere indica L. var.) is a native mango species originating from Malaysia and southern Thailand. The whole Ma-Muang Bao fruit, except peels, is popular as both a raw and ripe fruit for consumption, as well as being used in various processed food products. This study aims to transform the peel of a specific mango variety, which is a byproduct of the agro-industrial sweet, pickled mangoes industry, into a valuable bioactive ingredient for healthcare products. This is achieved through the establishment of a standardized mangiferin-rich mango peel extract (SMPE). Employing the Box–Behnken design (BBD) within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM), an optimal microwave-assisted extraction procedure was developed. A total of 27 experiments, each with four independent variables, including solvent ratio, extraction power, extraction time, and ethanol (EtOH) ratio, were conducted to optimize the extraction method in terms of mangiferin content and extraction yield. The optimized extraction conditions encompassed a solvent ratio of 120 mL EtOH/100 g sample, an extraction power of 450 W, an extraction time of approximately 4.3 min, and an EtOH ratio of 69.44% (EtOH in water). Small-scale extractions were carried out using the following specified parameters: solvent ratio of 120 mL, extraction power of 450 W, extraction time of 4 min, and EtOH ratio of 70% EtOH. These extractions yielded an extract with a mangiferin content of 27.24 ± 2.05 mg/g and an extraction yield of 3.71 ± 0.17% w/w. Notably, these outcomes were better from the mangiferin content of 19.62 mg/g and a yield of fresh peel of 5.61% estimated through BBD analysis. Furthermore, a pilot-scale extraction was performed using 7 kg of fresh mango peel and 70% EtOH (8.4 L) for 4 min, resulting in an extract with a mangiferin content of 51.85 ± 0.35 mg/g and a fresh peel yield of 4.35% w/w. This method emerges as the most suitable for mango peel extraction and forms the basis of the SMPE. The results from biological activities highlight the potential use of SMPE as the active ingredient for cosmeceutical or healthcare products for wound-healing and skin-brightening agents. Additionally, the knowledge from this study presents an alternative approach to various plant sources and sustainable extraction methods for the herbal extract industry.

Valorisation of mango peel and seed wastes in a biologically enriched biscuit assortment

Valorisation of mango peel and seed wastes in a biologically enriched biscuit assortment

Влияние образа России на развитие философско-религиозных взглядов Райнера Марии Рильке (по материалам сборника «Часослов»)

One of the most important works of Rainer Maria Rilke, reflecting the formation and development of the poet’s philosophical and poetic views at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, is the cycle of poems “Book of Hours” (1899–1903), created under the influence of the image of Russia that the author developed during his travels around the country. The aim of this work is to analyse Rilke’s “Book of Hours” in the context of the influence of this image on the dynamics of the poet’s philosophical and religious views in a certain period of his work. The hermeneutical approach was chosen as the main research method, within the framework of which the texts of R.M. Rilke’s works were interpreted taking into account the socio-historical conditions existing at the time of their writing. Systematisation and generalization of the obtained data made it possible to evaluate the author’s expe-rience of Russia as a deep religious experience, expressed in a rethinking of Rilke’s attitude towards God, and to identify the contradictions of his philosophical and religious views. On the one hand, the concept of God, which occupies a central place in Rilke’s “Book of Hours”, represents an artistic refraction of the key ideas of the biblical tradition; on the other hand, God, according to the poet, manifests himself as a human creation, or more precisely, as a work of art: in the process of self-knowledge it must be discovered as the hidden “treasure” of one’s own soul. Consequently, this is not so much God the creator as a kind of internal resource, “God in man”, the idea of creation, which man must allow to arise within himself. The image of Russia as a country seeking God sets the vector for a “revaluation of values” modulated by the “Russian experience”, bringing Rilke closer to the point of view according to which spiritual journey requires a reorientation from orthodox ways of thinking and faith to an understanding of God as a path, as a “kingdom of God” that matures in the soul of an inner per-son.

Mango peel as a potential enzyme inducer in Trichoderma harzianum

Water-insoluble exopolysaccharides (I-EPS) are a virulence factor for dental biofilms. It has already been demonstrated that mango pulp induces the secretion of glucan-hydrolytic enzymes in the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, and that they have an effect on I-EPS from young biofilms. Aim: Evaluate the effect of mango peel as an enzyme inducer in T. harzianum, and the effect of enzymes secreted on mature biofilms. Methods: Fractions of the peel (PL) and ethanol-precipitated pulp (PP) of Tommy Atkins mangoes were sterilized and added to a culture medium containing T. harzianum for induction of hydrolytic enzymes. After 192 h, the culture medium was centrifuged and the supernatant (enzyme extract) was used as treatment on S. mutans biofilms (n=9): a) NaCl 0.9 %; b) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate; and c) extract of enzymes induced by PL or PP. Acidogenicity, bacterial viability, quantification of insoluble polysaccharides, and three-dimensional analysis of the biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (α=5 %). Results: The hydrolytic enzymes did not alter the metabolism or bacterial viability of the biofilm (p<0.05). Although the images obtained by SEM suggest some degree of matrix degradation, the quantification of I-EPS for the PL and PP groups did not differ from the control group (p>0.05), suggesting a slight effect on the disorganization of the mature S. mutans biofilm. Conclusion: The results suggest that mango peel fraction can induce secretion of mutanase by T. harzianum, however in an insufficient amount to generate significant degradation on cariogenic biofilm.

Agronomic biofortification with zinc and iron to enhance nutrient concentrations in mango

Biofortification is a global-scale agricultural approach that can improve human nutrition. Agronomic biofortification is viewed as a quick-fix and supplemental approach. Agronomic biofortification, especially foliar application, is highly effective for zinc and iron. A field experiment on agronomic biofortification of zinc and iron micronutrients in mango cv. Kesar was carried out in 2016-2017 at the Regional Horticultural Research Station, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications containing 9 treatments. The results show that foliar application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 (0.5% each) resulted in higher N (48.73 mg/100 g) and K (94.17 mg/100 g) in the pulp and P (0.056%) in the peel of mango. The iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents in pulp and peel were highest in treatment T9 (0.50% FeSO4 + 0.50% ZnSO4), which was on par with those in treatment T8 (0.50% FeSO4 + 0.25% ZnSO4).

Optimization of Extrusion Conditions for an Extruded Food Enriched with Mango By-Products (Mangifera indica var. Tommy Atkins) via Response Surface Methodology

Today, mango by-products are produced in significant amounts, posing an environmental problem. Their incorporation into food products offers a solution to this problem. An extruded food product formulated with the flours of white corn, mango peel, and mango kernel was developed. To obtain the desired quality regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of the extruded food product, an optimization study was carried out. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the following extrusion process variables on the physical (expansion index (EI), hardness, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI)) and chemical properties (total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity): the die temperature (DT, 100–130 °C), the feed moisture content (FMC, 17–21%), and the screw speed (SS, 80–120 rpm). Response surface and regression models were performed to determine the responses as a function of the process variables. Model optimization was carried out with an R2 of >0.60, maximizing the WAI and minimizing the hardness and the WSI. The optimal conditions were a DT of 120.66 °C, an FMC of 21.88%, and an SS of 66.36 rpm. The extruded product’s characteristics were an EI of 1.10, a hardness of 63.66 N, a WAI of 5.41 g/g, a WSI of 16.20%, a TPC of 3402 mg GAE/100 g sample, and an antioxidant capacity of 90.09 mg Etrolox/g (measured by DPPH) and 79.38 mg Etrolox/g (measured by ABTS); the overall desirability value was 0.870.

Effects of gamma-radiation on microbial, nutritional, and functional properties of Katimon mango peels: A combined biochemical and in silico studies

Gamma radiation has notable impacts on the flesh of mangoes. In this research, Katimon mangoes were subjected to different levels of irradiation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kGy) using a60Co irradiator. The results showed that irradiation significantly reduced the microbial population in the mango peels, with the 1.5 kGy dose showing the most significant reduction. Irradiation also delayed ripening and extended the shelf life of the mango peels. The total fat, protein, ash, moisture, and sugar content of the mango peels were all affected by irradiation. The total protein content, ash content and moisture content increased after irradiation, while the fat content remained relatively unchanged. The sugar content increased in all samples after storage, but the non-irradiated samples had higher sugar levels than the irradiated ones. The dietary fiber content of the mango peels was not significantly affected by irradiation. The vitamin C content decreased in all samples after storage. The titratable acidity and total soluble solids content of the mango peels increased after storage, but there were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assessment highlighted the antioxidant potential and reduced toxicity of irradiated samples. Additionally, the antimicrobial effectiveness of irradiated mango peels was evaluated. The most substantial inhibitory zones (measuring 16.90 ± 0.35) against Pseudomonas sp. were observed at a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy with 150 μg/disc. To identify potential antimicrobial agents, the volatile components of mangoes irradiated with 1.5 kGy were analyzed through GC-MS. Subsequently, these compounds were subjected to in silico studies against a viable protein, TgpA, of Pseudomonas sp. (PDB ID: 6G49). Based on molecular dynamic simulations and ADMET properties, (−)-Carvone (−6.2), p-Cymene (−6.1), and Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester (−6.1) were identified as promising compounds for controlling Pseudomonas sp.

Tunable fluorescent biomass-derived carbon dots for efficient antibacterial action and bioimaging

Carbon dots (CDs)-based antibacterial biomaterials offer great potential in addressing the severe threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to public health. Positively charged CDs usually adhere on bacterial membranes via electrostatic interactions, however, they may cause hemolysis and cytotoxicity, and dissatisfactory fluorescence emission restricts their applications in bioimaging. Herein, we developed a negatively charged tunable multicolor nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped CDs (N, P-CDs) from mango peel, a renewable food waste biomass. The N, P-CDs exhibit good biocompatibility and photostability, thus could be adopted to multicolor cell labeling in vitro. More importantly, the negatively charged N, P-CDs possess intrinsic antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and antimicrobial mechanisms were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We found the different mechanisms of N, P-CDs against E. coli and S. aureus, the antibacterial mechanism of N, P-CDs against E. coli mainly involve inhibition of binary fission proliferation and transcription of genetic information, interference with carbon metabolism and sugar conversion, thus inducing growth arrest and cell death. For S. aureus, N, P-CDs could serve as quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor to disrupt QS system, inhibit biofilm formation, DNA replication, cell division, and signal transmission. Our study provides important insights into antibacterial mechanism of CDs at the molecular level, which may facilitate the further exploration and application of natural resources-based antibacterial biomaterials.

Mango Peel Phenolics Increase the Storage Stability and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Carotenoid-Loaded Emulsions

Mango Peel Phenolics Increase the Storage Stability and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Carotenoid-Loaded Emulsions

Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Steel by Mango Peel Extract in Hydrochloric Acid at Different Temperature

Nowadays, researchers are interested in exploring the possibility of replacing harmful inorganic chemicals with green organic substances derived from natural sources. This study focuses on accessing the potential of a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, using plant extracts from local mango peel. The Harumanis mango peel leftover was extracted using solvent extraction techniques and the chemical compounds were characterized through Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The analysis showed that the crude extract of Harumanis mango peel (HMPE) contained active functional groups for corrosion inhibitory properties such as -OH, -COOH, -C=O and aromatic ring structure. The presence of mangiferin and other flavonols, likely acid gallic, was also detected. The efficiency of HMPE as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel was investigated through a conventional corrosion test. The immersion test was carried out in different temperatures at 30, 40, 50 and 60 ⁰C with and without the addition of the 50 to 350 ppm HMPE inhibitor in 1 M hydrochloric acid, HCl. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel in acidic medium increased as the concentration of the Harumanis mango peel increased. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 85 % was obtained at 30 ⁰C for 300 ppm. The adsorption of the Harumanis mango peel corrosion inhibitor obeys Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of HMPE on mild steel showed comprehensive (mixed) types as revealed by thermodynamic studies. Favourable adsorption was more dominant for 30 and 40 ºC inhibitors system, whereas at high temperatures the adsorption showed weak and unfavourable interaction between HMPE and the mild steel surface. Surface analysis showed the mild steel surface was free from pits and uniform corrosion as it was inhibited by the HMPE in low temperature solution.

MiMYB10 transcription factor regulates biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoid involved genes in mango fruit

Carotenoids are essential and beneficial substances for both plant and human health. Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality and commodity value. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of transcriptome data from two different type fruits, ripening peel color at green (‘Neelum’ mango) and red (‘Irwin’ mango). Specifically, we found that MiMYB10 transcription level was highly associated with mango peel color. Further, silencing MiMYB10 homologous gene in tomato fruits resulted in lower carotenoid and anthocyanin content. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase clarified that MiMYB10 regulates the carotenoid biosynthesis gene MiPDS (phytoene desaturase gene) in a direct manner. On the other hand, MiMYB10 activates the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY, Z-ISO, CRTISO, LCYE) and chlorophyll degradation gene (SGR1), promoting the accumulation of carotenoid, accelerating chlorophyll degradation, and controlling peel color. In summary, this study identified important roles of MiMYB10 in pigment regulatory and provided new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.

Towards sustainable food packaging films using cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride matrix enriched with mango peel extract

Towards sustainable food packaging films using cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride matrix enriched with mango peel extract