Mango Fruit Quality Research Articles

Effect of different levels of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

An experiment was carried out to ascertain the impact of foliar application of certain micro-nutrients on fruit yield and quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars "Dashehari" and "Langra" at Agriculture Research Station, Banswara, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, during the year 2016-17 on seventeen years old mango trees. The experiment was laid out in One way ANOVA (Randomized Block Design) with eight treatments in thrice replications for combinations with different micronutrients Zinc sulphate, Copper sulphate, Borax, boric acid and IIHR-2 mango special were applied on mango cultivars "Dashehari" and "Langra" at different growth stages. All were fertilized with a recommended dose of NPK (1500:500:1000 g as N, P2O5 and K2O). The spraying was done twice; during mid-October, mid-December, and mid-February before the flowering stage and again in mid-March at the marble stage during both years of study. Foliar sprays, in general, improved fruit yield. Yields were exceptionally higher in response to foliar application of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and boron (B) compared to other treatments. Result proved that foliar application of mango trees with [(RDF + Zinc sulphate (100 g) + Copper sulphate (50 g) + Boric acid (50 g) as soil + Zinc sulphate (0.2%) + Copper sulphate (0.1%) + Boric acid (0.1%) as foliar (Two sprays before flowering and marble stage)] was the promising treatment for improvement of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality. This treatment was also found best for maximum total carotenoids, average fruit weight as well as fruit yield.

Postharvest white light combined with different UV-B doses differently promotes anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant capacity in mango peel

Fruit peel color is an important index of mango fruit quality. Therefore, increasing the anthocyanin accumulation and improving coloration in red mango are crucial for mango industry. The anthocyanin accumulation in mango is light-regulated. However, the effect of white light combined with different doses of UV-B on anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been clarified. Also lacking is a comprehensive analysis of responses of mango fruit peel to UV-B/white light treatments. In this study, green mature ‘Guifei’ mango fruits were subjected to white light combined with low (WL + UV-BL) or high dose UV-B (WL + UV-BH). Anthocyanin concentration, anthocyanin-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant, and plant hormone concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The results showed that especially a WL + UV-BH regimen promoted anthocyanin formation in mango peel. Anthocyanin- and light signal-related gene expression, ROS content, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were also increased by UV-B/white light. Such treatments led to higher concentrations of jasmonic acid and cytokinin, but decreased content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and salicylic acid. Commercially, our findings may contribute to improving the commercial quality of mango. Scientifically, the present data sheds light on the mango fruit peel-specific molecular and physiological response network under UV-B/white light treatments.

Combined application of hot water and hexanal-based formulations preserves the postharvest quality of mango fruits.

Mango fruits undergo numerous postharvest quality losses during storage. Hence, the present study aimed to increase the shelf life of mango fruits by applying hexanal-based enhanced freshness formulations (EFF) in combination with hot water treatment (HWT). The findings revealed that, among all the tested applications, the combination of EFF 1.0% + HWT reduced the weight loss, decay incidence, and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes of mango fruits. Also, the combined treatment was effective in maintaining the fruit quality parameters such as soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and activity of antioxidant compounds. The present study concludes that the postharvest application of EEF 1.0% in combination with HWT can be used in extending the shelf life of mango cv. 'Langra,' fruits stored at 12° C and 85-90% relative humidity for 35 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Non-Destructive Measurement on Kwini Mango Fruit using Capacitive Sensing Technique at 250kHz to 2MHz for Ripeness Determination

This study aims to evaluate the characteristics and quality of Kwini mango fruit using non-destructive capacitive sensing methods. Unlike other fruits, identifying ripe Kwini mangoes can be challenging due to their green appearance and unfamiliar characteristics to consumers. Despite the growing interest in non-destructive fruit quality assessment techniques, there has not been significant prior exploration of capacitive sensing in the context of Kwini mangoes. Therefore, in this experiment, a parallel plate was used to measure the capacitance of Kwini mango fruit at frequencies ranging from 250 kHz to 2 MHz. Results showed that the moisture content and pH level decreased within 15 days of investigation. This technique was able to predict Kwini maturity with significant precision by applying the capacitance formula. Because of its high R2 value and sensitivity in linear regression, 500kHz was determined to be the most efficient operating frequency for Kwini mango fruits among the frequencies evaluated. In this experiment, the relationship between capacitance and Brix also yielded encouraging findings. The study also includes the development of a GUI application for determining the sweetness and maturity of Kwini mangoes. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of capacitive sensing technology as a non-destructive approach to measuring Kwini mango fruit ripeness.

Influence of preharvest fungicides on decay incidence and fruit quality of mango fruits during storage

AbstractMango fruits' quality, marketability, and shelf life are significantly influenced by postharvest decay. Mango fruit disease development during storage is inhibited by fungicides. The objective of this investigation was to assess the relative effectiveness of two fungicides, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC and hexaconazole 5% SC, in mitigating postharvest deterioration of mango cv. ‘Langra’ during low temperature storage. Three pathogens were found associated with postharvest decay of mango, i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium expansum. In comparison to untreated ones, the preharvest application of fungicide treatments provided noticeably better disease control. The foliar application of azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC (0.1%) 15 days before the harvesting of fruits significantly improved fruit firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, reduced the disease incidence, percentage disease index, and lesion diameter followed by the application of hexaconazole 5% SC (0.1%) compared to the control. Furthermore, it was found that pre-harvest fungicide spraying of azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC (0.1%) was an effective treatment for lowering postharvest deterioration and enhancing the physio-chemical characteristics of mango fruits during low-temperature storage.

Classification of mango disease using ensemble convolutional neural network

Mango is a highly significant fruit crop that thrives in a variety of agro-ecologies around the world. Mangoes are rich in vitamins and minerals. However, its yield is currently severely constrained due to disease and pest infestations. Thus, in order to improve mango fruit quality and productivity, illnesses and insect pests must be detected early on. In this study, we conceived and constructed a mango leaf disease detection mechanism utilizing an ensemble convolutional neural network approach. Healthy and diseased mango leaf images were manually obtained from main producing locations in Amhara Region for Merawi fruit and vegetable research identification. To improve the datasets, several pre-processing procedures (such as image resizing, noise reduction, and image augmentation) were used. To improve classification performance and meet the study's purpose, various segmentation approaches such as k means and Mask R-CNN were applied. Furthermore, following pre-processing and segmentation, features of mango leaf images were retrieved using CNN to obtain important features. The classification model was then constructed using fully-connected layer classifiers on the retrieved features of mango leaf images. The ensemble proposed GoogLeNet and VGG16 based CNN model in the study encompasses various operations, including dataset collection, image preprocessing, noise removal, segmentation, data augmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Upon testing, the model demonstrated impressive performance with 99.87 % training classification accuracy, 99.72 % validation accuracy, and 99.21 % testing accuracy. This indicates the effectiveness of the ensemble approach in achieving high accuracy in image classification tasks.

Improving mangoes' productivity and crop water productivity by 24-epibrassinosteroids and hydrogen peroxide under deficit irrigation

In nature, plants are frequently subjected to a wide range of abiotic stresses that drastically reduce crop productivity. Deficit in irrigation is one of the main factors of abiotic stresses that affect agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on how to use water with brassinosteroids (Br) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)in deficit water conditions in order to reach comparatively good values of mango tree growth, productivity, and fruit quality as well as crop water productivity (WPC). A split-plot experiment in a complete randomized block system design study with 3 regulated deficit irrigation levels i.e. 100% IR (Irrigation requirement), 80% IR, and 60% IR was implemented in 2022 and 2023, each irrigation regime was combined with the foliar application of distilled water (control), 1 mg/L Br, 10 mM H2O2, 1 mg/L Br + 10 mM H2O2. Foliar treatments were applied at 3 different phenological stages: flower bud induction and differentiation, full bloom, and beginning of fruit set. The results showed that fruit shape index and acidity significantly improved as irrigation volume increased, however, the proportion of fruit mineral content and fruit chemical characteristics was inversely correlated with the volume of water. Meanwhile, moderate regular deficit irrigation (80% IR) achieved marked increases in leaf minerals and total chlorophyll content, fruit quality, yield, and water use efficiency. Drought stress (60% IR) significantly decreased fruit set, fruit retention, yield traits, and fruit physical and chemical properties, at the same time, significant improvements in the content of stress indicators (proline, total phenols, and carotenoids) were observed compared with control. All treatments with Br and H2O2 alone or in combination under drought stress had a pronounced effect in this regard. Overall, foliar spray of 1 mg/L Br+10 mM H2O2 was the most powerful treatment that emended the unpropitious effect of water stress.

Nondestructive detection of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) infestation in Alphonso and Totapuri varieties of mango fruits by thermal imaging technique

AbstractThermal imaging is a noncontact and nondestructive sensing technique that provides thermal signatures of objects by detecting the infrared radiations emitted by them above 1 K. The nondestructive detection of internal defects and infestations has vast applications in the Food Industry. In the present experiment, a C3 thermal camera (FLIR systems) having a thermal sensitivity of <0.10°C was used for the detection of fruit fly infestation in mango fruits. The healthy mango fruits of both varieties had a uniform surface temperature with a variation of only ±0.1°C. The maximum temperature difference between the healthy and fruit fly infested regions in fruit fly infested Totapuri mango was found to be 4.56°C in the heated and dark conditions. The maximum difference in the surface temperature of 4.3°C was observed between the healthy and infested regions of the infested Alphonso mango under heated and dark conditions. The difference in temperature between the healthy and infested regions of mangoes can be attributed to the changes in the internal structure, thermal properties, and biochemical properties of the healthy and infested regions of the infested mango fruits. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in surface temperature between the infested and healthy regions of fruit fly infested Alphonso and Totapuri mango fruits. This envisages that nondestructive fruit fly infestation in Alphonso and Totapuri varieties of mango fruits can be detected under active thermography.Practical ApplicationsThe quality of mango fruit can be described in terms of external and internal quality. The external quality parameters such as color, size, and weight are usually considered during the sorting of mangoes. The internal defects such as diseases, physiological disorders, and damage due to pests are also significant in mango processing. The visual inspection methods for detecting pest infestation in fruits are nonreliable, time‐consuming, and subjective. Therefore, there is a need for efficient, reliable, and accurate methods to detect fruit fly infestation in mango fruits. A nondestructive method for the detection of fruit fly infestation has the potential to increase fruit quality and acceptability, thereby benefiting processors, traders, and consumers. Thermal imaging has a distinct advantage over other nondestructive quality assessment techniques as it is noncontact, practically feasible, and economically viable.

Maximizing Fruit Quality and Production of Mango cv Dashehari: The Impact of Micronutrient Treatments

Background: The research aims to enhance fruit quality and production of the Dashehari mango variety through micronutrient treatments in Rajasthan, India. Micronutrients play a crucial role in plant growth and development and their deficiency can lead to suboptimal yields and reduced fruit quality. This study seeks to investigate the effects of micronutrient application on mango trees, particularly focusing on the Dashehari variety, to improve both the quantity and quality of mango production. By understanding the impact of micronutrient treatments, the research aims to provide valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices that can optimize mango cultivation and contribute to increased agricultural productivity. Methods: The research administered borax, ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate to soil and trees in 10 treatments. The soil of an 18-year-old mango variety named Dashehari was treated in the first week of October with foliar sprays throughout the flower bud initiation, full bloom and pea stage initiation stages. A three-replication randomized block design was employed for the investigation. Result: The results show that the treatment known as “T9”-Application of borax to the soil in the amount of 125 grams, followed by the application of borax to the foliar in the amount of 0.2 per cent-produced the highest quality and quantity of mango fruit. Additionally, treatments of soil application of ZnSO4 per tree 125 g, followed by foliar application of ZnSO4 0.4% and soil application of FeSO4 per tree 125 g, followed by foliar application of FeSO4 0.4%, also showed promising results.

Changes in mango postharvest quality due to nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium dose and production season

This study analysed the impact of two production seasons (PS): off-season (OS) and main-season (MS); plus, three fertilization doses (FD): proposed (PR), regional (RE) and no fertilization (NF); and the PSxFD interaction, on the quality of ‘Ataulfo’ mango produced in a commercial orchard. A completely randomized factorial design with four replications was used. The experimental unit was a 12-year-old mango tree. The variables evaluated at physiological maturity and ripe stage were firmness, color, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TA ratio, total sugars (TS), reducing sugars (RS), β-carotene, total phenols, vitamin C and weight loss (5, 10 and 15 days) only at the stage of maturity of consumption. PS and FD differentially affected (according to fruit maturity stage) the physicochemical and nutraceutical quality. A similar behavior was observed for the PSxFD interaction. The outstanding results were, at physiological maturity, the PR dose elevated TSS, phenols and TSS/TA ratio; in PS, OS increased Hue, TA, TSS and phenols. At maturity of consumption, the RE dose increased TSS, TSS/TA ratio, phenols, β-carotene and RS; at PS, OS increased TS, luminosity, TSS/TA ratio, β-carotene and vitamin C. The best fruit quality is achieved with the MS:PR combination at physiological maturity and OS:RE at ripening stage. Depending on the degree of maturity of the fruits, this study showed how the fertilization dose, the production seasons, and their interaction modify the physicochemical and nutraceutical quality of mango fruits.

Effect of EVA film and chitosan coating on quality and physicochemical characteristics of mango fruit during postharvest storage

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a major tropical fruit, but a short postharvest life hampers marketing. The objective of this work is to assess the influence of a novel nanocomposite poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) film and Chitosan (CTS) affect on mango postharvest quality while stored at 20 °C. The results showed that the film coating treatment reduced the decay rate and weight loss of mangoes, maintaining good postharvest quality of mango fruit. The film coating treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of mangoes by inhibiting PPO activity and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. ACS, ACO, and ethylene release were all suppressed, as well as the expression of the ethylene receptors genes ETR1, ETR2, and ERS2, thus delaying mango aging. After harvest, the EVA treatment was superior to the CTS treatment in mango preservation.

In vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Effect of Bio Control Agents (BCA) against Mango Dieback Incited by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical fruit crops, belongs to family anacardiaceae. Mango is infected by number of diseases at all stages of its development, among them dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. is considered to be the most destructive disease, leading to significant yield loss and low fruit quality of mango due to slowly wilting of tree. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory activity of different bio-control agents (BCA) against L. theobromae. Different bioagents viz., Trichoderma viride NAU isolate, T. harzianum, NAU isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens NAU isolate, Bacillus subtilis NAU isolate and Rhizospheric actinobacteria were tested by dual culture technique. Among them, highest per cent growth inhibition was found in T. viride (71.47%) followed by T. harzianum (67.15%) and rhizospheric actinobacteria (47.84%). P. fluorescens (3.46%) was found least effective against pathogen. The results indicated that among all the BCA, T. viride was most effective against L. theobromae. Hence, it can be explored further for management of mango dieback.

A review of storage temperature and relative humidity effects on shelf life and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit and implications for nutrition insecurity in Ethiopia

A review of storage temperature and relative humidity effects on shelf life and quality of mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) fruit and implications for nutrition insecurity in Ethiopia

Role of gum Arabic combined with cinnamic acid coating on quality and cell wall degradation enzymes of mango fruits at low temperature

Mango exhibits a short shelf life when kept under ambient conditions. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the synergistic effect of gum Arabic (GA) and cinnamic acid (CA) coatings on mango fruits stored for 28 days at 12 ± 1 °C. The treatments included GA 10 and 20 % sole and its formulation with CA 0.2 % while the uncoated fruits were used as control. The results revealed that GA + CA coatings exhibited reduced weight loss, flesh firmness, delayed respiratory peak, retained soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and skin colour, retarded spoilage, and decreased electrolyte leakage of fruit as compared to uncoated fruit during storage. Among all, the coating GA 20 % + CA 0.2 % maintained higher firmness (16.6 N), SSC (20.1 %), TA (0.71 %), total flavonoid content (152 mg/kg) and total carotenoids content (45.1 mg/kg) and retained the higher sensory quality of mango fruit at the end of storage. Additionally, the GA 20 % + CA 0.2 % coating suppressed activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL) and pectin methyl esterase (PME) in stored mango fruits.

Effect of Different Bagging Materials on Fruit Quality of Mango

During the fruit development stage, mangoes experience numerous physical and chemical changes and are susceptible to insect pest infestations, various pathogens, bird attacks and mechanical damage. The affected fruits gain low prices in the market and such fruits are also rejected for processing. It causes significant yield and serious economic loss to mango growers. Pre-harvest fruit bagging has emerged as a good agricultural practice (GAP), which is simple, grower-friendly, safe and beneficial for the production of quality fruits. An experiment was conducted at the existing seven-year-old mango orchard of BARI Aam-3, which is locally called ‘Amrapali’ at the hill valley of Hill Agricultural Research Station at Raikhali in Rangamati Hill District during 2020-21. The least number of fruit drop, insect infestation, disease infection, bird attack, maximum individual fruit weight and shelf-life was found in two-layer brown bags. Marketable mango as well as grade-1 mango also maximum in a layer brown bag. On the other hand, a minimum number of marketable mangoes was found in the control treatment but minimum self-life was recorded in polythene bags.

Changes of Postharvest Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Enzymes in ‘Haribhanga’ Mango by Aloe vera Gel with Chitosan and Coconut Oil Coating During Ambient Storage

Abstract Mango is a well-known tropical climacteric fruit that decays rapidly. Thus, a postharvest management strategy utilizing natural and biodegradable materials is necessary to minimize crop losses. The study evaluated the coating effects of A. vera gel with chitosan and coconut oil on postharvest features and mango shelf life throughout 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Fruits were treated with the following six coatings: control (distilled water), 1.5% chitosan solution (CH) (w/v), Aloe vera gel (AV) (1 : 1, v/v), coconut oil (CO) (1 : 1, v/v), 1.5% chitosan solution + A. vera gel (CH + AV) (1 : 1, v/v), and coconut oil + A. vera gel (CO + AV) (1 : 1, v/v). The findings showed that the coating with A. vera gel and chitosan significantly decreased decay, weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production compared to control. This coating improved fruit quality indicators like acidity, total soluble solids, pH, fruit firmness, and ascorbic acid content. Additionally, the phenol content and antioxidant activity decreased slightly during storage, while the control fruits demonstrated a rapid decrease in phenol content and antioxidant activity. Coated fruits significantly reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, whereas control fruits had the lowest catalase and peroxidase activity throughout the storage period. Coated fruit skin showed higher L* and b* values than the control fruits throughout storage. These findings suggested that A. vera gel with chitosan coating might preserve bioactive components and postharvest ‘Haribhanga’ mango fruit quality under ambient storage.

Application of 1-MCP does not slow down the ripening process of Mango (Mangifera indica L)

Fruits and vegetables are perishable so that they are easily degraded and thus have a short shelf life. Some studies have been carried out intensively to extend the shelf life of fruit with the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) which is an ethylene inhibitor (indirectly) to slow down the ripening process and extend its shelf life. The benefits of using 1-MCP to delay fruit softening have also been published, however the inhibition of ripening and fruit softening by 1-MCP in mango (Mangifera indica) is very limited. 1-MCP delays fruit softening during storage by indirectly inhibiting ethylene synthesis and slowing the activity of cell wall-damaging enzymes, such as pectin methyl esterase (PME). To study the effect of 1-MCP on mango fruit quality and its shelf life, the experiment was carried out by measuring weight loss, colour, firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars periodically. For all fruit samples, the pulp was chopped, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at 8°C until further use. The results showed that application of 1-MCP at room temperature did not slow down neither the senescence process nor the shelf life of mango fruit on weight loss, colour, firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars parameters.

Influence of Chemicals and Plant Bioregulators Application during the Time of Fruit Developmental Phenophase on Fruit Weight, Quality and Shelf-life of Mango (Mangifera indica. L)

The present study was conducted to know the influence of chemicals and plant bioregulators application during the time of fruit developmental phenophase on fruit weight, quality and shelf-life of Mango (Mangifera indica. L) at the fruit research station, Aswaraopet, Telangana, India during the 2022- 23. Among chemicals and plant bioregulators maximum fruit retention percentage (16.851 %), TSS (14.901 °Brix), total sugars (12.999 %) and shelf life (15.034 days) were recorded with pre-harvest application of CPPU. Maximum ascorbic acid content (49.838 mg. 100 g-1), reducing sugars (4.277 %) and firmness (5.866 kg.cm-2) were recorded with pre-harvest application of Ca(NO3)2 whereas, minimum physiological loss in weight was recorded with the application of CPPU on 12th day (16.244 %). Among different time of chemicals and plant bio regulator application, maximum fruit retention percentage were recorded with chemicals and plant bio regulator applied at 703 phenophase, maximum shelf-life was recorded with the application of CPPU at 709 phenophase, minimum physiological loss in weight was recorded with the application of CPPU at 709 phenophase.

Influence of Selenium, Titanium, and Silicon Nanoparticles on the Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Mango under Drought Conditions

Weather fluctuations significantly affect the growth and production of orchard crops such as mango, leading to a substantial decrease in tree growth, flowering rate, yield, and fruit quality. One of these weather factors is drought, which negatively influences multiple physiological processes in plants. It increases the transpiration rate and decreases the cell turgidity, stomatal regulation, osmoregulation, water utilization efficiency, and the development of the deep root system; consequently, it decreases the final production and fruit quality. Therefore, the present study was performed in the 2022–2023 seasons to study the role of the spraying of Selenium (Se), Titanium (Ti), and Silicon (Si) nanoparticles on the growth parameters, yielding, fruit physical and chemical characteristics, and leaf mineral composition of mango cv. Keitt. Mango trees were sprayed during the vegetative season 2022–2023 three times, starting in April with three weeks intervals, by 5, 10, and 20 mg/L Se; 40, 60, and 80 mg/L Ti; and 50, 100, and 150 mg/L Si. The results showed that the extern spray of nanoparticles from these micronutrients improved the growth attributes, yielding and fruit quality of mango trees by reducing the effect of undesirable stressful conditions. The results also indicated that the extern implementation of 150 mg/L Si, 60 mg/L Ti and 20 mg/L Se gave the best increments in the shoot number, length, thickness, leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll contrasted to the else sprayed treatments. Besides, they also improved the fruit set percentages, fruit yields, fruit physical and chemical characteristics and nutritional status of mango trees in both tested seasons.

Pre-harvest bagging and ambient storage influenced fruit quality and post-harvest physiology of mango (cv. Gopalbhog)

Pre-harvest bagging and ambient storage influenced fruit quality and post-harvest physiology of mango (cv. Gopalbhog)