Mangifera Indica Research Articles

Evaluation of yoghurt from fresh cow milk fortified with mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp in Northern Nigeria

Evaluation of yoghurt from fresh cow milk fortified with mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp in Northern Nigeria

Field efficacy of insecticides for suppressing white mango scale insect (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in southwest Ethiopia

White mango scale (WMS) Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a polyphagous armored scale insect which is considered one of the key pests of mango (Mangifera indica L.) around the world. Mango is widely grown in Ethiopia whereas its production is challenged by WMS in the last decade. Effective formulations that could help manage the scale as part of IPM practice were sought from field experiments at Seka mango farm, Ethiopia in 2019 and 2020 seasons. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some formulations against WMS on mango trees. Randomized complete block designs with three replications were used for the experiments and each tree served as a plot. Allocation of each treatment within each replication was done randomly. The treatments were applied sequentially three times at 14 days interval using motorized Knapsack sprayer coinciding with peak period of natural infestation. Scale numbers before and after each spray were counted using a microscope with LCD. Sum of live crawler, female and male was registered as WMS count data. Results showed that dimethoate, diazinon, imidacloprid & λ-cyhalothrin sprayed alone; dimethoate rotated with imidacloprid & λ-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl rotated with paraffin, and diazinon rotated with azadirachtin, caused total mortality of the scales. The results also showed that, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, deltamethrin, paraffin oil and λ-cyhalothrin sprayed alone caused percent reduction with range 83–95 % in both seasons. Hence, the study revealed that dimethoate, diazinon, imidacloprid & λ-cyhalothrin applied individually, dimethoate rotated with imidacloprid & λ-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl rotated with paraffin and diazinon rotated with azadirachtin fully protect mango trees from WMS and significantly superior to other treatments. Therefore, chemical control of A. tubercularis may consider the use of these materials as foliar application and can be used as components for integrated pest management plans for WMS. However, application in the form of rotation is preferred to the alone spray as the former could substantially reduce the likelihood of inducing pesticide resistance. Cost implications and effects of the products on the natural enemy and residual toxicity in fruits need to be studied.

Influence of Spraying Vermicompost Tea and Amino Acids Enriched by different Nutrients on Growth and Fruiting of Ewaise Mango Trees

Influence of Spraying Vermicompost Tea and Amino Acids Enriched by different Nutrients on Growth and Fruiting of Ewaise Mango Trees

FRUITING BEHAVIOR AND FRUIT QUALITY OF LEADING MANGO CULTIVARS GROWN IN SOUTH PUNJAB-PAKISTAN

Mango is an important and exportable fruit crop of Pakistan However, it is being cultivated in Indo-Pakistan region from centuries, yet farmers face decline in mango production due to lack of available knowledge about fruit bearing habits of mango trees. In order to provide this basic information, a three year study plan was carried out on 10 elite varieties of mangoes from 2018-2020 in Punjab Pakistan. Data was statistically analyzed through R statistical programing using ANOVA analysis. The data depicts that cultivar Dusehri, Late Retaul, Sansation and Sufaid Chaunsa took maximum flowering on old shoots while Azeem Chaunsa, Kala Chaunsa, Langra, Sindhri and Anwar Retaul on new shoots. Fruit bearing on old shoots was significantly higher in Dusehri (75.80), while minimum on Azeem Chaunsa (0.0). The fruit bearing on new shoots was significantly higher on Anwar Retaul (99.73), while it was minimum on Dusehri (25.06). Significantly higher fruit weight was observed in Sufaid Chaunsa and total soluble solids were higher in Kala Chaunsa while minimum were observed in Sansation (15.93). Acidity was non-significantly different among the cultivars. Hence, it was concluded that Dusehri, Late Retaul, Sansation and Sufaid Chaunsa took maximum flowering on old shoots while Azeem Chaunsa, Kala Chaunsa, Langra, Sindhri and Anwar Retaul on new shoots. Our studies provide understanding of fruiting behavior which helps in devising mango crop’s varietal-specific management system and paves the way for mango’s quality and yield enhancement.

Enhancing agricultural health with AI: Drone-based machine learning for mango tree disease detection

In the agriculture sector, timely detection of diseases in fruit trees is a significant challenge, leading to substantial economic losses. Automated detection of diseases in fruit trees, particularly mango trees, is crucial to minimize these losses by enabling early intervention. This research explores the use of drone-captured multispectral images combined with deep learning and computer vision techniques to detect diseases in mango trees. The proposed system leverages various pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, such as YOLOv5, Detectron2, and Faster R-CNN, to achieve optimal accuracy. Data augmentation techniques are employed to address data skewness and overfitting, while Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) enhance image quality. The system aims to provide a scalable solution for early disease detection, thereby reducing economic losses and supporting the agricultural sector's growth.

Role of Urban Trees in Enhancing the Thermal Comfort of Rapidly Urbanizing Cities: An Analysis of Tropical Asian Tree Species Based on Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET)

AbstractBackgroundThermal comfort significantly influences well-being, productivity, and living conditions in outdoor environments, particularly in rapidly urbanizing, warm, humid tropical climates. This study assessed the influence of 5 five common urban tree species (Cassia fistula,Tectona grandis,Plumeria obtusa,Mangifera indica, andTerminalia catappa) on outdoor thermal comfort, using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index in Colombo, Sri Lanka, as a case study for a tropical humid city.MethodsField data collection encompassed measuring air and surface temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation, cloud cover, and sky view factor under tree canopies and adjacent exposed areas. The RayMan model was employed to estimate PET in both areas.ResultsOur findings indicated that PET was consistently higher in exposed areas compared to under the tree canopy, with an average difference of 5.61 °C. Among tree parameters, sky view factor (SVF) demonstrated the most significant correlation with thermal comfort, followed by crown diameter and tree height. Furthermore, notable variations in thermal comfort were observed among tree species, withTerminalia catappaoutperformingPlumeria obtusa, particularly on sunny days.ConclusionRegression analysis highlighted the importance of integrating trees with large crowns and low SVF to create thermally comfortable outdoor spaces. Consequently,Terminalia catappaemerged as the most suitable tree species for enhancing thermal comfort in Colombo’s outdoor urban areas out of the 5 selected species. These insights will aid in selecting appropriate tree species and parameters, fostering improved outdoor thermal comfort in tropical humid cities, and facilitating sustainable urban planning and design strategies.

Impact of Weather Factors on Colony Inhabitation and Abundance of the Asian Weaver Ant <i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i> (F)

Colony inhabitation and abundance of Oecophylla smaragdina (F) nest have been explored in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu through field studies. Twenty-seven species of plants under 17 families were observed to inhabit O. smaragdina. Colony inhabitation occurred in 20 plant hosts for all the six months: in Pongamia pinnata it was observed for only two months. Number of nests were maximum with Mangifera indica (42.67), Citrus limon (29.17), Azadirachta indica (23.50). Temperature has a significant relationship with colony inhabitation and nesting. Rainfall, rainy days, cloud and relative humidity substantially reduce the colony's composition. The colonies does not appear to be influenced by the maximum wind speed, average gust or UV Index.

Bioefficacy of Novel Chemical Fungicides for Management of Mango Powdery Mildew

Mango (Mangifera indica L.), the king of the fruits, is considered the most important fruit among millions of people worldwide, particularly in India. Among all diseases, powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae is one of the most common, wide spread and serious diseases throughout the world causing significant yield losses. In this study experiments were conducted for two seasons by using new fungicides to control the disease along with some old ones. Among all fungicides tested Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG reduced the disease severity significantly. In both the seasons (pooled) Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG worked significantly by reducing the disease with PDI of 3.33 per cent and per cent disease reduction over control of 87.51.

Comparative Study on Quorum Modulatory Effect of Selected Medicinal Plants on Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (MTCC 2656)

Among the main global health concern is the rampant rise in antibiotic resistant bacteria. One of the appealing and promising strategies to combat this menace is to target the adaptive mechanism called quorum sensing (QS) used by bacteria to survive. Exploratory research on anti-QS compounds derived from natural products has been a promising area. The present study investigated methanolic extracts from 26 plants to compare their anti-QS activity using the QS biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12472) (Microbial Type Culture Collection MTCC2656). QS-mediated violacein pigment inhibition was carried out using agar well diffusion method with concentrations ranging from 10 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. Leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and Pimenta dioica and peel extract of Punica granatum were the only three plants found to exhibit violacein inhibitory potential till 10 mg/ml. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed 1.6 mg/ml for M. indica and P. dioica and 6.25 mg/ml for P. granatum. Further, violacein inhibitory properties of these extracts at and below MIC were evaluated by well diffusion assay (qualitative) and by flask incubation assay (quantitative). The zone of inhibition (well diffusion assay) was found to be 14.51 ± 0.63 mm to 10.37 ± 0.68mm for M. indica, 15.23 ± 0.57 mm to 9.62 ± 1.29 mm for P. granatum and 17.01 ± 0.1 mm to 13.14 ± 0.18 mm for P. dioica. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts via quantitative assay on violacein ranged from 83-49%, 89-81%, and 89-49% for M. indica, P. granatum, and P. dioica respectively. Our findings suggested the potential of M. indica, P. granatum, and P. dioica methanolic extracts as a source of effective inhibitors of QS-mediated violacein production.

Obtaining and characterization of natural extracts from mango (Mangifera Indica) peel and its effect on the rheological behavior in new mango kernel starch hydrogels

Hydrogels based on natural polymers have aroused interest from the scientific community. The aim of this investigation was to obtain natural extracts from mango peels and to evaluate their addition (1, 3, and 5%) on the rheological behavior of mango starch hydrogels. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and phenolic acid profile of the natural extracts were evaluated. The viscoelastic and thixotropic behavior of hydrogels with the addition of natural extracts was evaluated. The total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts increased significantly (p<0.05) with the variation of the ethanol-water ratio; the phenolic acid profile showed the contain of p-coumaric, ellagic, ferulic, chlorogenic acids, epicatechein, catechin, querecetin, and mangiferin. The viscoelastic behavior of the hydrogels showed that the storage modulus G′ is larger than the loss modulus G′′ indicating a viscoelastic solid behavior. The addition of extract improved the thermal stability of the hydrogels. 1% of the extracts increase viscoelastic and thixotropic properties, while concentrations of 3 to 5% decreased. The recovery percentage (%Re) decreases at concentrations from 0% to 1% of natural extracts, however, at concentrations from 3% to 5% increased.

Postharvest changes of commercial and non-commercial mango (Mangifera indica) germplasm cultivated in Mexico

Postharvest changes of commercial and non-commercial mango (Mangifera indica) germplasm cultivated in Mexico

First Report of Mango Stem-end Rot Caused by Pestalotiopsis kenyana in Yunnan Province, China.

Stem End Rot (SER) is a devastating post-harvest disease of mango fruits causing severe losses during storage. In 22 July 2023, 31 out of 50 intact mangoes (cv. Sensation) collected from five orchards in Huaping county (26°37'N 101°15') showed typical symptoms of SER after stored for 9 d in room temperature (24-28℃). Initially, small dark brown to black spots appeared around the fruit peduncle, which rapidly expanded through the pulp tissues. The symptomatic mangoes were surface disinfected by 3% NaClO for 30 s after soaking in 75% alcohol for 3 min, and cleaned by sterile water for 3 times. Tissues were cut from the edge of lesions, dried by sterile filter paper, transferred to PDA and cultured at 28 ℃ for 5 d (Tovar-Pedraza et al., 2020). The single-spore isolation method was used to obtain pure culture. Thirty eight isolates presented four distinct kind of morphology on PDA medium. Among them, 11 isolates with same morphology were significantly distinct from common pathogens of SER. The colonies were white and pale yellow on reverse side. Mycelia grew fast and reached the edge of 90 mm Petri dish after cultured for 5d. Pycnidia were black and scattered on the mycelial mats after 15-20 d. Conidia were fusoid, straight to slightly curved, four septa, and brown. Pigmented median cells doliiform, 14.97 - 18.62(16.11 ±0.89)×5.61- 7.28 (6.61±0.51) μm. Apical cell hyaline, subcylindrical; 1-3 tubular transparent apical appendages 12.27 - 16.68 (13.65±3.78)×1.14 - 1.99 (1.59±0.36) μm. Basal cell conical with a truncate base, hyaline, and 1-2 tubulose basal appendages with 2.85 - 7.97 (5.18±1.88)×0.99 - 1.85 (1.38±0.29) μm (n=50). These fungi were described as Pestalotiopsis kenyana. based on morphological characters (Maharachchikumbura et al., 2014) which were different from isolates characterized as other common SER pathogens (Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum). Based on morphology, HPSX-4 was selected for further identification. ITS region, tef1-α, β-tub of HPSX-4 were amplified and sequenced (Xun et al., 2023). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS:OR889126, tef1-α:OR913431, β-tub: OR913432). The ITS, tef1-α, β-tub sequence of HPSX-4 showed 100% (525/525)，99.59% (241/242), and 100% (742/742) identity to the P. kenyana CBS442.67 sequences (ITS: NR147549，tef1-α: KM199502, β-tub: KM199395), respectively. HPSX-4 clustered with P. kenyana CBS 442.67 (type strain) based on maximum likelihood method by MEGA 7.0.21(Minh et al., 2013). Pathogenicity test was performed on 12 healthy mangoes (cv. Golek) by placing mycelial plugs around the peduncle and the middle of the fruit by pin-prick method according to Feng et al.(2023). Sterile PDA were used as control (three mangoes). Every inoculated fruit was incubated at 28°C, 95% ± 3% humidity with three replicates for each treatment. The experiment was repeated three times. Typical symptoms of SER were observed. There were no symptoms in the control group. The strain was reisolated and identified as P. kenyana with the method mentioned above which fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of P. kenyana causing SER disease on Mangifera indica L.. This study expands our understanding of the pathogen range of mango SER which conducive to prevent and control the SER caused by P. kenyana.

Ethnobotanical Study on Plants Used As Natural Dye by Handwritten &lt;i&gt;Batik&lt;/i&gt; Craftsmen in Cirebon Indonesia

Cirebon Regency is one of the few Indonesian batik craft center which still use natural dyes in hand-written batik making. The natural dyes are generally extracted from plants. The kind of plants used as natural dyes source for batik in Cirebon Regency are not yet known. This ethnobotanical research aimed to describe the kinds of plants and their characteristics, the frequency of citation by respondents, the parts of the organs used, the sources of obtaining plants, the colors produced, usage technique, as well as the role of using natural dyes in batik to support implementation of green economy. The research approach was exploratory descriptive through observation and interview techniques for data collection. The research was carried out at Kebon Gedang Block, Ciwaringin Village, Cirebon Regency, Indonesia in September 2023. Thirty respondents were selected by purposive sampling method and subjected to the interview. The results showed there were 14 plants species from 12 families used as natural dyes. The most frequently used species were Mangifera indica and Indigofera tinctoria. The organ most widely used was the bark which comes from the purchased, and the color generally produced was brown. The most frequently coloring method used was boiling technique. This research is the first study in this area and useful for providing data and strategic potential for developing local plants as environmentally friendly natural dyes, as well as supporting efforts to use natural dyes in the batik industry.

Mangifera Indica leaves crude ethanolic extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic and basic media

Mangifera Indica leaves crude ethanolic extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic and basic media

Traditional Herbal Drug Approach used in the Treatment of Asthma: A Review

Asthma is a persistent inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory airway where the tracheobronchial smooth muscles of the lungs become tremendously narrow due to various causative agents like virus, allergens, exercise and become extremely responsive which leads to increase in secretions, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. This results in repeating episodes of dyspnoea, wheezing, chest tightness, breathlessness, and coughing which might limit a person’s ability to work and function depending on the time and intensity of the episode. WHO’s assessment suggests that more than 339 million individuals had Asthma internationally and there were 417,918 deaths because of asthma worldwide in 2016. A review affirms that 1 out of every 10 Asthma patients are from India. Asthma can have various etiologies and types. The treatment involves Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, β2 agonists, Xanthine drugs. These oral administration drugs are effective but come with their own respective side effects to some extent. Since ancient times the mankind has always turned to natural substances to cure various diseases and ailments. In a similar manner, Asthma treatment is also seeing new advances with the use of traditional herbal drugs from various plant sources. They work in various complex mechanisms and have very minimal side effects. This review deals with Mangifera indica and Laurus nobilis as treatment options for Asthma and the mechanism with which they work. Keywords: Asthma, Mangifera indica, Mangiferin, Vimang, Laurus nobilis, Magnolialide

Concept and role of immunomodulatory medicinal plants used in Ayurvedic health care system

The statement “prevention is better than cure” and its applications is not a new for Ayurvedic health care system. The statement defines the aim and objectives of Ayurvedic health care system in a nutshell “swasthasya swasthya rakshanam aaturasya vikara prashamanam”. The immune system is certainly considered one of our most discreet biological systems withinside the body. Immunizations may be obtained by us actively or passively. Active immunization includes stimulating with an antigen to generate immunological defenses against a destiny exposure, rather than passive vaccination, which includes administering antibodies to someone who has already been exposed to an antigen. Both plant and animal sources produce immunomodulatory effects to boost the body’s immunological reactivity against infections by engaging the non-specific immune system. Herbal immunomodulators are substances that either activate or suppress innate and adaptive immune responses in the body. Different ailments including allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and other infectious disorders are caused by immune system failure. Therefore, regulating the many infectious illnesses requires significant immune response modification. Global scientific study is currently focused on how various medicinal plant components might alter the immune system. Numerous Indian and “Rasayana” and medicinal plants may have immunomodulatory characteristics. Some of these plants are Tinospora cordifolia, Morus alba, Acacia catechu, Allium sativum, and Mangifera indica. There are many more that are still undiscovered and offer space for greater study.

Comparative Study of Community Analysis of Plant Parasitic and Free-living Nemic Fauna around Root Zones of Mango (Mangifera indica) Plant in Hapur Region

Nematodes are tiny rounded body, unsegmented worms. They occupy any niche of the environment, like soil, freshwater, and terrestrial (free-living and parasitic). They constitute a large group of all metazoans in the world: Plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes are well-recognized factors in soil productivity. Phytonematodes feed upon the cell sap of plants with the help of stylet. It causes many abnormalities in plants like gall formation on roots, stunting growth, wilting of plants, and serious damage to crop yield. In the present study, soil samples were collected from (0-30 cm) vertical depth and (30-60 cm) horizontal depth from around the root of the mango plant in the Hapur region from July to November. Nematodes samples were extracted by decanting and sieving Techniques (Cobb1918) were applied. Under the microscope examination nematodes were identified as free-living with minimum percentages of 14.2% and8.88% at both vertical and horizontal depth while plant parasitic nematodes were recorded as a higher percentage(53.90% vertical depth)and(64.91% horizontal depth) away from the host plant. This was variation in communities of plant nematodes at both depths due to seasonal changes, various other edaphic factors such as PH, temperature, moisture emergence of secondary rootlets, and availability on set of monsoon season and unavailability of various food resources.

The diversity and traditional use of home garden plants near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Mubarak A, Rahmat R, Cristy P, Wibowo SG, Irawan H. 2024. The diversity and traditional use of home garden plants near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3284-3299. Home gardens are traditional agroforestry systems that improve plant diversity and ecosystem services while also having a direct and beneficial effect on human well-being. Each plant species in a home garden provides a variety of ecosystem services, which are linked to specific ecological functions and social drives. Although home gardens are biodiversity hotspots and have recently been identified as essential to tropical biodiversity conservation, the benefits of ecosystem services offered by home gardens are frequently undervalued. This study aims to analyze the diversity, usage, and traditional knowledge of home garden plants among the local communities living near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia. This study was carried out in four villages from two districts of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, i.e. Lebong and Rejang Lebong. Field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with local communities were used in this study. Interviews were conducted with 120 informants (30 in each village) selected at random. A total of 218 plant species belonging to 67 families associated with 12 use categories were recorded in the study area. Capsicum frutescens, Musa x paradisiaca, and Mangifera indica are frequently discovered in home gardens. The most diverse categories of plant use in home gardens encompass food, medicine, and ornament, utilizing various parts such as rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Home gardens, with their diverse plant species, are considered to have a significant role in household livelihoods, protecting plant genetic resources, and biodiversity conservation.

Comparison of Mango (Mangifera indica) Dehydration Technologies: A Systematic Review

The convective hot-air drying technology can cause physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic losses in the mango (Mangifera indica). The present Systematic Review was carried out with the objective of comparing mango dehydration technologies to identify the effects on the physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic properties of the fruit. Through a review of published scientific and conference papers in the Scopus database, adjusted to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, a total of 134 documents dated between 2000 and December 6 of 2022 were obtained; 76 of these documents were finally included in the bibliographic and theoretical analysis. Selection parameters emphasizing the relationship between the articles and the research topic, evidenced by including at least one of three dehydration technologies and the fruit of interest with an experimental or theoretical approach to the dehydration subject; review articles and surveys were excluded. Correlation graphs of bibliographic variables were made using the data mining software VantagePoint (version 15.1) , which was graphically restructured in Microsoft Excel with the support of statistical analysis. Of the resulting articles, it was found that the countries with authors who participated most in scientific production like India, Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Thailand, were those related to mango production or importation. Furthermore, the freeze-drying technology allows operating at lower temperatures than convective hot-air drying, contributing to the preservation of ascorbic acid, among other compounds. The refractance window has the shortest operation time to obtain moisture values between 10 and 20%. The dehydrated samples using the refractance window are smooth, homogeneous, non-porous, and comparable to the color obtained with freeze-drying, which is acceptable for industrial applications.

Assessing horticulture-based land management impacts on carbon dynamics and soil quality

The present study was carried during 2020 and 2021 at School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (Nagaland University), Medziphema, Nagaland to study the effects of different horticulture-based land use systems on carbon stock, soil fertility and soil biological health in acidic hill soils of Nagaland. Average values of bulk density of the soils were 1.20 and 1.21 g/cm3 in surface and sub-surface soils, respectively irrespective of type of orchards. The maximum and minimum carbon stock was recorded in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] (46.77 and 43.38 mg/ha) and citrus (Citrus spp.) (33.07 and 32.42 mg/ha) orchard soils. Soil microbial biomass carbon in pineapple (270.13 and 244.23 µg/g) and citrus orchard soils (165.64 and 152.49 µg/g) was recorded in surface and sub-surface layers, respectively. Banana (Musa spp.) orchard soils had greater values of dehydrogenase activity (15.26 and 9.83 µg TPF/g/h). Soils of banana orchard also recorded highest acid phosphatase activity (176.0 and 165.5 µg PNP/g/h), which was at par with mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard soils (175 and 166 µg PNP/g/h). Minimum acid phosphatase activity (162.0 and 150.0 µg PNP/g/h) was recorded in citrus orchard soils. Maximum earthworm population density was recorded in banana orchard (12–20 number/m2) and minimum (4–12 number/m2) in citrus orchards.