Mangifera Indica Research Articles

Centromeres are hotspots for chromosomal inversions and breeding traits in mango.

Chromosomal inversions can preserve combinations of favorable alleles by suppressing recombination. Simultaneously, they reduce the effectiveness of purifying selection enabling deleterious alleles to accumulate. This study explores how areas of low recombination, including centromeric regions and chromosomal inversions, contribute to the accumulation of deleterious and favorable loci in 225 Mangifera indica genomes from the Australian Mango Breeding Program. Here, we identify 17 chromosomal inversions that cover 7.7% (29.7 Mb) of the M. indica genome: eight pericentric (inversion includes the centromere) and nine paracentric (inversion is on one arm of the chromosome). Our results show that these large pericentric inversions are accumulating deleterious loci, while the paracentric inversions show deleterious levels above and below the genome wide average. We find that despite their deleterious load, chromosomal inversions contain small effect loci linked to variation in crucial breeding traits. These results indicate that chromosomal inversions have likely facilitated the evolution of key mango breeding traits. Our study has important implications for selective breeding of favorable combinations of alleles in regions of low recombination.

Relationship between submergence of graft union and auxin accumulation of grafted mango trees under flooded conditions

ABSTRACT In recent years, many fields have been affected by floods. In mango trees, grafted trees are more susceptible to flood damage than seedling trees, When the graft union is submerged. In this study, the translocation of substances, especially auxin, through the graft union was investigated to clarify the causes of death in mango trees when the trunk was submerged up to the graft union. After approximately 1 month of flooding, changes were observed in root respiration, carbon dioxide release from the trunk, and leaf stomatal conductance. The auxin content in the scion increased significantly from 19.5 ng g−1 dry weight (DW) in the control to 122.1 ng g−1 (DW) in the flooded treatment. Nevertheless, no significant increase in auxin content was observed in the rootstock. In addition, there was no pectin degradation, leading to the death of the grafted mango trees. Auxin accumulation induces expansins, which are cell wall proteins that loosen the cell wall structure and are involved in structural changes in cell wall polysaccharides. Therefore, submergence of the graft union may inhibit auxin translocation between the scion and rootstock, resulting in pectin degradation in the scion bark and leading to tissue breakdown and death of the mango tree.

Over Expression of Mango MiGA2ox12 in Tobacco Reduced Plant Height by Reducing GA1 and GA4 Content

The regulation of gibberellic acid 2-oxidase (GA2ox) gene expression represents a critical mechanism in the modulation of endogenous gibberellic acids (GAs) levels, thereby exerting an influence on plant height. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the GA2ox gene family in mango (Mangifera indica L.), a species of significant economic importance, with the aim of identifying potential candidate genes for mango dwarf breeding. Our findings delineated the presence of at least 14 members within the MiGA2ox gene family in the mango genome, which were further categorized into three subfamilies: C19-GA2ox-I, C19-GA2ox-II, and C20-GA2ox-I. Notably, MiGA2ox12, a member of the C19-GA2ox-II subfamily, exhibited substantial expression across various tissues, including roots, bark, leaves, and flowers. Through overexpression of the MiGA2ox12 gene in tobacco, a distinct dwarf phenotype was observed alongside reduced levels of GA1 and GA4, while the knockout line exhibited contrasting traits. This provides evidence suggesting that MiGA2ox12 may exert control over plant height by modulating GA content. Consequently, the MiGA2ox12 gene emerges as a promising candidate for facilitating advancements in mango dwarfing techniques.

Effectiveness of Mango Gedong Gincu Peel Extract Gel (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) on Cut Wounds in Male Wistar White Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

Background: A wound is an injury to a part of the body where the skin and the underlying tissue lose continuity. The wound healing is a complex process consisting inflammatory phase, proliferation phase, and maturation phase. Open wounds often occur in everyday life and if left behind and untreated can potentially lead to bacterial infection. Mango gedong gincu peel extract (Mangifera indica L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins which have roles in wound healing. Aims: To analyses the effectiveness of mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) against the healing of cut wounds in male wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: The study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design using 25 male wistar white rat as the subject and was carried out in the FK UGJ Research Laboratory. The study used five groups : negative control group, positive control group, and treatment group using mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Results: The results of the study revealed that mango (Mangifera indica L.) gedong gincu peel is a source of various phytochemical such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins. This study showed that the 5% and 10% concentration treatment groups had the same average length measurement wound of 0.86 cm. The fastest observation of erythema was the 5% concentration group with a healing rate of 8 days, in the observation of edema the 10% concentration group was the fastest of 6 days, and the observation long of healing time was 5% and 10% concentration had the same rate of 11 days. Conclusion: Mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) was effective against wound healing with optimum concentrations of 5% and 10% which gives the best healing effect against wounds in male wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 22 October 2024 | Revised: 05 November 2024 | Accepted: 09 November 2024.

An integrated anthracnose management approach in Tommy Atkins mango cultivars in Cundinamarca - Colombia

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango production, can lead to crop losses of 60 %. Synthetic fungicides constitute its leading management strategy. We evaluated combinations of different management practices to control anthracnose in a commercial Tommy Atkins mango grove in 2015 and 2016. We followed a randomized complete block experimental design with a subdivided plot arrangement composed of 12 treatments, three replicates per treatment, and one mango tree per replicate for 36 trees. Pruning was practiced at plot level (with and without pruning), nutrients were applied to subplots (soil fertilizer, foliar nutrient application, and no nutrient supply), and at sub-subplot level, three anthracnose management treatments were given (chemical, biological, and no treatment). In 2015 and 2016, the treatments involving natural or biological applications against anthracnose plus nutrient supply led to the most significant reductions in quiescent leaf infections and disease presence in flowers and fruits. In addition, pruning at specific crop development stages improved results. In light of our results, this integrated anthracnose management approach in mango production can deliver the expected results if implemented consistently.

Exploring the Relationship Between Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Data and Fruit Count for Predicting Mango Yield at Multiple Scales

Tree- and block-level prediction of mango yield is important for farm operations, but current manual methods are inefficient. Previous research has identified the accuracies of mango yield forecasting using very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery and an ’18-tree’ stratified sampling method. However, this approach still requires infield sampling to calibrate canopy reflectance and the derived block-level algorithms are unable to translate to other orchards due to the influences of abiotic and biotic conditions. To better appreciate these influences, individual tree yields and corresponding canopy reflectance properties were collected from 2015 to 2021 for 1958 individual mango trees from 55 orchard blocks across 14 farms located in three mango growing regions of Australia. A linear regression analysis of the block-level data revealed the non-existence of a universal relationship between the 24 vegetation indices (VIs) derived from VHR satellite data and fruit count per tree, an outcome likely due to the influence of location, season, management and cultivar. The tree-level fruit count predicted using a random forest (RF) model trained on all calibration data produced a percentage root mean squared error (PRMSE) of 26.5% and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 48 fruits/tree. The lowest PRMSEs produced from RF-based models developed from location, season and cultivar subsets at the individual tree level ranged from 19.3% to 32.6%. At the block level, the PRMSE for the combined model was 10.1% and the lowest values for the location, seasonal and cultivar subset models varied between 7.2% and 10.0% upon validation. Generally, the block-level predictions outperformed the individual tree-level models. Maps were produced to provide mango growers with a visual representation of yield variability across orchards. This enables better identification and management of the influence of abiotic and biotic constraints on production. Future research could investigate the causes of spatial yield variability in mango orchards.

Role of Vermicompost and algae Extract in Improving Growth and Fruit Quality of Mango (Keitt)

This research, spanning the 2021 and 2022 seasons, aimed to explore the impact of vermicomposting on the growth and productivity of Mango trees (cv. Keitt) cultivated in sandy soil at Ahmed Orabi Agricultural region, El-Obour City, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. The selected trees underwent various treatments, including water (control), vermicomposting at 1 or 2 Kg/tree, Spirulina platensis algae extract at (5 or 10ml/l), and their combinations. Optimal results in terms of leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were observed with the treatment of 2kg vermicompost + 10ml/l algae extract. Furthermore, the addition of vermicompost along with algae extract improved the leaf status of N, P, K, and Ca. Application of both vermicompost and algae extract, whether individually or in combination, demonstrated positive effects on the physicochemical quality of the fruit. The findings suggest that the simultaneous use of vermicompost and algae extract holds promise as a supplementary material for enhancing the growth, productivity, and fruit quality of Mango trees.

Perceptual Pigeon Galvanized Optimization of Multi-objective CNN on the Identification and Classification of Mango Leaves Disease

Aims The aim of this study is to develop a strong Multi-objective Convolutional Neural Network (MOCNN) optimized using Perceptual Pigeon Galvanized Optimization (PPGO) for accurate identification and classification of mango leaf diseases. This approach aims to increase classification accuracy, computational efficiency, and generalization ability. The ultimate goal is to improve disease management in mango crops through advanced image-based diagnostic techniques. Background Demands for the consumption of mango (Mangifera indica) fruit and its leaves were growing exponentially in all parts of the world due to its large health benefits for various organs in the human body. However, these plants were largely exposed to various kinds of microbial diseases during cultivation despite the application of pesticides. Hence, it is becoming a significant threat to the farmers and to the food industry. Objective The objectives of this study are to develop reliable methods for the early identification of mango leaf diseases, enabling prompt intervention and reducing crop damage. Additionally, the study aims to provide effective disease management applications that will help farmers minimize crop losses and maintain their economic stability. Methods PPGO is an advanced optimization algorithm inspired by the natural foraging behavior of pigeons. It integrates perceptual hashing and galvanic responses to adaptively adjust the search process, allowing for efficient exploration and exploitation of the solution space. The multi-objective convolutional neural network is trained to minimize a composite loss function that considers classification accuracy, computational efficiency, and generalization error. Results The Perceptual Pigeon Galvanized Optimization (PPGO) with a Multi-objective Convolutional Neural Network (MOCNN) demonstrates superior performance compared to traditional CNN optimization techniques. The results show an accuracy of 96%, recall of 94%, precision of 92%, and an F1 score of 92%. These metrics surpass those of existing methods such as Efficient Supervised Learning based on Deep Neural Network (ESDNN), Hierarchical Deep Learning Support Vector Machine (HDLSVM), Ordinal Regression Neural Network (ORNN), Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Local Contrast Normalization Convolutional Neural Network (LCNN), and Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNET 19). Conclusion The integration of Perceptual Pigeon Galvanized Optimization with a Multi-objective Convolutional Neural Network offers a powerful approach for identifying and classifying mango leaf diseases. The proposed method effectively balances multiple performance metrics, leading to a robust and efficient model suitable for real-world agricultural applications.

Antioxidant Properties, Texture and Sensory Quality of Sliced Bread Enriched with Leaf Powder from Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>)

Antioxidant Properties, Texture and Sensory Quality of Sliced Bread Enriched with Leaf Powder from Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>)

Preparation and characterization of dressing-type emulsions formulated with hydrocolloids from the mango (Mangifera indica) peel

Mango is a popular tropical fruit known worldwide and mango peel is a waste product worthy of valorization. This study explores the stabilizing effect of hydrocolloids extracted from mango peel in dressing-type emulsions (DE). Emulsions stabilized with different ratios of mango (Mangifera indica) peel-derived hydrocolloids (PE) and guar gum (1% wt. total concentration) were prepared and characterized: DE1 (0.25/075), DE2 (0.5/0.5), DE3 (0.75/0.25) and DE4 (1/0). Particle size distribution, ζ-potential, proximal composition, color, microstructure, and rheological properties were evaluated. All the samples showed similar proximal compositions. However, PE/guar gum ratio influences color parameters. For the microstructural analysis, Sauter's mean droplet size ranged from 6.41 to 11.11 µm. The ζ- potential values ranged from -18.03±0.21 to -16.97 mV. Emulsions exhibited shear thinning responses that can be well described by the Williamson model, and gel-like viscoelastic character with G’ higher than G”. The activation energy values (Eα) deduced from the application of an Arrhenius model to the viscous flow behaviour of the emulsions ranged from 108.46 to 143.44 Kj/mol. From the microstructural analysis and the rheological characterization, it can be inferred that PE favors the flocculation of the emulsion droplet in high concentrations. Overall, this research contributes to the sustainable exploitation of a mango waste material, such as the peel, in food emulsions.

Production of biodiesel by using CaO nano-catalyst synthesis from mango leaves extraction

Development and population expansion have the lion's share of driving up the fuel cost. Biodiesel has considerable attention as a renewable, ecologically friendly and alternative fuel source. In this study, CaO nanocatalyst is produced from mango leaves as a catalysis for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel. The mango tree is a perennial plant, and its fruit holds significant economic worth due to its abundance of vitamins and minerals. This plant has a wide geographical range and its leaves can be utilized without any negative impact on its growth and yield. An analysis was conducted to determine the calcium content in the fallen leaves, revealing a significant quantity of calcium that holds potential for utilization. The catalyst was characterized by different analytic techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and BET analyses. Several parameters impacted on the transesterification process were exploited by conventional transesterification (batch). The result revealed that the optimum reaction was reached at a methanol to oil ratio of 50% w/w, catalyst loading of 3%, temperature of 65℃ and reaction time of 1.5 h with a yield of 93.21%, and the activation energy of the transesterification reaction was found to be 38.906 KJ mol-1. The reaction was verified to be irreversible pseudo-first order based on a linear Arrhenius plot and a high R2 value. The catalyst shows good stability and catalytic activity when it is reused and the yield was found to be 80.293% in the 5th cycle.

Mango forest Soil Nutritional Components Analysis and Research in Dong District of Panzhihua City

Purpose: the pH value of soil determines soil properties and determines whether the activities of plants and microbes in the soil are active or not. A large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in soil can reflect a basic characteristic of soil and play a guiding role in further fertilization and soil improvement. Organic matter can reflect the amount of humus in the soil, whether the soil is fertile, the fertility of the soil, and the activities of microbes in the soil. So, this study will focus on exploring the soil pH value, N, P, K factors such as organic matter, because the subjects as the mango trees, and Panzhihua is a large amount of planting mango region, therefore, to appeal the influence of factors on the mango is very direct, hope that the result of the experiment can provide some basic data on mango cultivation, to help farmers to further understanding of the nature of soil and fertilization. Methods: chemical measuring methods were applied to determine the soil pH, organic matter and N, P, K values or concentrations. Results: the average available phosphorus in the whole experimental area is only 5.24, which belongs to a slightly lower level. Conclusions: The content of phosphorus in the soil of mango forest is very low, and the phosphorus element is very deficient. It is suggested to apply phosphorus fertilizer, irrigate mango trees and reduce the pH value to improve the situation of low phosphorus

Balanço nutricional em mangueiras no semiárido brasileiro utilizando métodos diagnósticos nutricionais

ABSTRACT Nutritional assessment of mango trees based on diagnostic methods considering nutritional balance is recommended. This study aimed to establish optimum nutritional ranges using diagnostic methods, compare them, identify the most efficient diagnostic method, and select the nutrients responding best to the application of the diagnostic method. The study was conducted in commercial mango orchards in the São Francisco Valley. Nutritional content was calculated using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones), modified DRIS (M-DRIS-Beaufils; M-DRIS-Jones), compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), and mathematical chance (ChM) methods and compared using the chi-square test. Principal component analysis was applied to select the most efficient diagnostic method and the nutrients responsible for the greatest variability. The DRIS-Beaufils, M-DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, CND, and ChM methods generated nutritional sufficiency ranges for the evaluated cultivars. The nutritional diagnoses of the DRIS-Beaufils and M-DRIS-Beaufils methods were similar and discordant with those of DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, and CND. The DRIS-Beaufils method, updated by Maia, proved to be more consistent for the nutritional assessment of mango trees. The nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and S in the Tommy Atkins cultivar; N, P, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Kent cultivar; and N, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Keitt cultivar showed significant responses to the application of the DRIS-Beaufils method updated by Maia.

Impact of ripening methods on aroma and taste of Indian mango varieties: a study using E-sense technologies

Impact of ripening methods on aroma and taste of Indian mango varieties: a study using E-sense technologies

Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera Indica: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Owing to the adverse side effects of synthetic drugs, natural products attract research interest because of their fewer side effects and prominent efficacy. In the present study, we examined the antidiabetic effects of the seeds of Mangifera indica. Materials & Methods: Phytochemical analysis (quantitative and free radical scavenging activity), in vitro enzymatic assays, and in vivo antidiabetic studies were performed on the hydroalcoholic extract of M. indica. Additionally, an immunohistochemistry approach was utilized to illustrate the alteration of the cellular architecture in the pancreatic islets of extract-treated diabetic rats. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited good phenolic and flavonoid contents, prominent radical scavenging ability, and antidiabetic activity in an in vitro enzymatic assay. At a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, the hydroalcoholic extract significantly decreased the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and substantially improved the serum marker levels (GLU, ALB, UREA, CREA, CHOL, TG, SGPT, SGOT, TP, HDL, and ALP). The immunohistological study revealed 40% regeneration of pancreatic β-cells upon extract treatment. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract has prominent antidiabetic activity, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo studies, by modulating the cellular composition and regenerating the β-cells of the pancreatic islet.

DENSITY OF INDIAN BLUE PEAFOWL (PAVO CRISTATUS) IN DIFFERENT MICROHABITATS AT THANJAVUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

A total of 260 observations were taken into account to obtain thedensity of Indian Blue Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in all the transects in the study area. This average abundance consisting of 64 Peacocks, 140 Peahens and 56 chicks were obtained from August 2023 to July 2024 (12 months). The present study area actually covering Thanjavur district (10.7870⁰ N 79.1378⁰ E)which includes the taluks of Kumbakonam, Thiruvidaimaruthur, Papanasam, Thiruvaiyaru and Thanjavur. The data on the abundance of Indian Peafowl were obtained from 57 Transects in the study area and which includes 13 micro habitats. The study area which covering the various microhabitats such paddy crop, cotton plant, bamboo, commercial flower gardens, sugar cane field, banana plant, mango tree groove, coconut tree plantation, bushes of acacia sp, palm tree ground, papaya tree, black gram plant and ground nut plant field etc.All the transects were accounted for density estimation in the study area for Indian Blue Peafowl. Totally 57 transects/areas were studied for the density (Density, Upper Confident Level and Lower Confident Level at 95%) of Indian Blue peafowl. Among the transects, the highest mean density was 8.73/km sampled (Density 8.73 UCL 11.03 and LCL 7.23) observed in Erumaipatti area. Contrary, the lowest mean density of Indian Blue Peafowl was 2.45/km sampled in Rajagiri area (Density 2.45 UCL 4.75 and LCL 0.95). The other transects/areas were recorded the moderate density for Indian Blue Peafowl.The study area covered were 13 type of microhabitats in the study area such Paddy crop, Cotton plant, Bamboo, commercial flower gardens, Sugar cane field, Banana plant, Mango tree groove, Coconut tree plantation, Bushes of Acacia sp, Palm tree ground, Papaya tree, Black gram plantation and Ground nut plant field. The density of Indian Blue fowl was 115.85/ km sampled in paddy field (Density 115.85 UCL 118.15 and LCL 114.55 recorded. The minimum density was obtained (4.38/ km sampled) in the commercial flower gardens (Mean density 4.38 UCL 6.68 and LCL 3.08.The density of Indian Blue fowl in different sex were studied and it showed the highest density was found in the Paddy field in the case of cock. The maximum density was 33.27/km sampled (Density33.27 UCL 35.57 and LCL31.97) in the paddy field. The minimum density of cock were recorded in the ground nut 1.45/km sampled (Density 1.45 UCL 3.75 and LCL 0.15).The density of Indian Blue fowl in the case of hen it was (74.91/km sampled) high (Mean density74.91 UCL 77.21 and LCL 73.61). The low density of hen was recorded (2.55/km sampled) in the commercial flower gardens (Density 2.55 UCL 4.85 and LCL 1.25).The chicks were accounted to find out the density of Indian Blue peafowls and the maximum density was 28.73/km sampled in the paddy field (Density 28.73 UCL 31.03 and LCL 27.43). The minimum density of chicks of peafowl 1.09/km sampled in the ground nut plantations (Density 1.09 UCL 3.39 and LCL 0)were obtained in the study area.

Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernels in Bangladesh

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. On the other hand, Bangladesh produces high-quality mangoes, yet the mango coat and seed kernel, which contain medicinal components, remain unused. Therefore, this study investigated the antibacterial potential and toxicity of ethanol extracts from mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernels, which specifically target the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella sp. Amrapali variant mango seeds were collected, dried, ground into a fine powder, and extracted with ethanol at various ratios. The efficacy of the crude extract was tested via the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus), with clear zones of inhibition observed, especially in a dose-dependent manner. The pure crude extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus with a zone of 23 mm, identical to that produced by doxycycline. However, the extract exhibited limited activity against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Klebsiella sp.). Additionally, the extract was effective against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. The pure crude extract produced a 22.5 mm zone of inhibition against multidrug-resistant S. aureus, which was slightly smaller than that of gentamicin (23 mm) but larger than those of chloramphenicol (21 mm), vancomycin (20 mm), and tetracycline (16 mm). In vivo toxicity was assessed in mice, revealing no significant adverse effects on the hepatic structure or renal cortex at lower doses (100 μl of pure crude extract). However, higher doses caused mild histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys. These findings suggest that mango seed kernel extract holds promise as an alternative antibacterial agent, particularly against gram-positive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while being relatively safe at lower doses. Further research is needed to elucidate the active compounds, mechanisms of action, and broader applications of this extract in combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal that GA3ox regulates the dwarf trait in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

BackgroundMango is a tropical fruit with high economic value. The selection of suitable dwarf mango varieties is an important aspect of mango breeding. However, the mechanisms that regulate mango dwarfing remain unclear.ResultsIn this study, we compared the transcriptomes and metabolomes of mango varieties Guiqi (a dwarfed variety) and Jinhuang (an arborized variety). A total of 4,954 differentially expressed genes and 317 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the two varieties, revealing the molecular mechanism of the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase gene GA3ox in regulating dwarfing traits in mangoes using joint transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway and that differentially abundant metabolites were annotated to their upstream pathway, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. A gene regulation network based on these two pathways was constructed, indicating the upregulation of the GA3ox gene and the accumulation of gibberellin in dwarfed mangoes. We then transferred the GA3ox gene to tobacco plants following the application of gibberellin, and the morphology and height of the transgenic tobacco plants largely recovered the phenotype.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that GA3ox plays a role in the regulation of dwarf traits. Our study provides an important theoretical basis for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying mango dwarfism to facilitate mango breeding.

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF INDIGENOUS BACTERIOCIN-PRODUCING WEISSELLA CIBARIA

Globally, over 6.22 million deaths are associated with antibiotic resistance. Bacteriocins, a set of antimicrobial peptides synthesized on the ribosomes, are widely viewed as a potential answer to this issue. This is due to their pore-forming ability and antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The aim of this study is to isolate bacteriocin-producing Weissella cibaria and evaluate its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus sp., Candida sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer. Weissella cibaria man1 was isolated by inoculating deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth with small pieces of ripe Mangifera indica (mango), 24-hour incubation at 370C, 10-fold serial dilution and plating on MRS agar. Molecular identification was achieved by DNA extraction, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis, gene sequencing, and BLASTN homology searches in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was determined by agar well diffusion assay. Mangifera indica (mango) was found to harbor bacteriocin-producing Weissella cibaria man1. The bacteriocin (weissellicin man1) exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Weissellicin man1 suppressed the growth of several target pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Candida sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer) but had no inhibitory action against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, weissellicin man1 from Weissella cibaria man1 has a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial action. These findings will facilitate further evaluation of the antimicrobial potency of weissellicin man1.

Performance of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grafts cv. Alphonso Raised in Soilless Media in Various Types of Containers

In world, Konkan region is famous for cultivation of king of mangoes ‘Alphonso’. Along with production, export and processing of Alphonso, this coastal belt is famous for supply of best quality planting material producing more than one crore grafts every year. Mango grafts are raised in polybag of size 6” x 8” weighing 1.5 kg available for sale after 9 months. In recent years, it was reported by farmers that polybags produced seedlings having spiralled and deformed root system reduce outplanting survival and performance of mango grafts within few years after plantation. Use of discarded plastic water bottles as root trainer could be a feasible alternative for seedling propagation. An experiment entitled “Performance of mango (Mangifera indica L.) grafts cv. Alphonso raised in soilless media in various types of containers” was carried out during the period 2023 at Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri in randomized block design with four replications and six treatments viz. T1-Nursery bag (6×8 Inch), T2-Green bottle (2.25 lit), T3-Transparent bottle (2.25 lit), T4-Transparent bottle (1 lit), T5-Black root trainer (0.5 lit), T6-Nursery bag (6×8 Inch) (with soil:FYM 3:1 as control). Mango grafts raised in transparent bottle (2.25 lit) with media cocopeat + leaf manure + vermicompost (1:1:2) recorded the highest sprouting (98.13 %), height (29.33 cm), girth (12.32 mm), leaf area (523.48 cm2), root length (25.50 cm), dry root weight (11.00 g) and survival (98.13 %) at 180 days after grafting with 1.84 benefit: cost.