Manganese Sulfide Research Articles

Optimization of heating temperature on the growth of manganese sulfide nanosheets binder-free electrode for supercapattery

Optimization of heating temperature on the growth of manganese sulfide nanosheets binder-free electrode for supercapattery

A promising approach: supercapattery and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution utilizing magnesium manganese sulfide on MOF-encapsulated graphene

A promising approach: supercapattery and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution utilizing magnesium manganese sulfide on MOF-encapsulated graphene

Mn (IV) oxide/Mn (IV) sulfide/poly-2-amino-1-mercaptobenzene for green hydrogen generation

A manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2)–manganese (IV) sulfide (MnS2)/poly-2-amino-1-mercaptobenzene (P2AMB) nanocomposite is prepared through a polymerization reaction (oxidation) and is utilized as a highly photo-electrocatalytic material for green hydrogen generation from sewage water. The manganese (IV) oxide–manganese (IV) sulfide/P2AMB nanocomposite demonstrates remarkable optical properties, characterized by a band gap of 1.81 eV. To promote the water-splitting reaction by the synthesized manganese (IV) oxide–manganese (IV) sulfide/P2AMB nanocomposite photoelectrode, sewage water is utilized as a sacrificial agent to facilitate effectively the generation of hydrogen gas through the evaluation of the current (J ph). At −0.9 V, the J ph and J o values are determined to be −0.33 and −0.2 mA/cm2, respectively. Notably, an optimum J ph value of −0.26 mA/cm2 is observed for incident photons at 340 nm, indicating that light with higher frequency and energy leads to the generation of more electrons from the manganese (IV) oxide–manganese (IV) sulfide/P2AMB nanocomposite and subsequent hydrogen production. Conversely, the lowest J ph value of −0.21 mA/cm2 is obtained at 730 nm, suggesting the influence of infrared waves on the photoelectrode due to the small band gap (1.86 eV) of the materials, as calculated in a previous analysis. This study represents an initial step toward the conversion of wastewater into hydrogen gas, which can serve as a sustainable fuel source for various industrial applications.

Designing a bacterial cellulose‐based hydrogel incorporated with manganese sulfide and graphene oxide for green extraction of acrylamide in bread samples

AbstractA novel nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) modified by manganese sulfide (MnS) decorated graphene oxide (GO) was prepared. The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and adsorption/desorption techniques. The sorbent was employed for determining acrylamide in bread samples using micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extraction efficiency of prepared sorbent was 1.4‐fold higher than that of BC. The important extraction factors including elution conditions (acetonitrile 300 μL, 5 min), sorbent composition and mass (50 mg), adsorption time (7 min), sample solution pH (8), and salt effect (3% w/v) were considered for optimization of the method. The analytical merit was validated by assessing the preconcentration factor (178–225), limit of detection (1.56 μg/kg), limit of quantification (5.15 μg/kg), linearity (5.15–500 μg/kg), and determination coefficient (0.9845). The adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The relative recoveries and relative standard deviations were 84%–106% and 2.4%–9.2%, respectively. This paper is the first report on the fabrication and use of BC doped with MnS‐GO composite for extraction of acrylamide in typical commercial bread samples.

Shining a light on clean energy: A rare earth-combined transition metal sulphide electrode In:SnO2/α-Tb2S3:MnS for photoelectrochemical applications

Transparent conducting rare earth metal electrode was fabricated for photoelectrochemical cells composed of Terbium sulphide and Manganese sulphide using the spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction analysis showed α-Tb2S3:MnS with a 46.9 nm crystallite size. The SEM analysis revealed rod-like elongated structures on clustered particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to ascertain the core levels of Tb 4d, Mn 2p, and S 2p. The calculated optical bandgap of the composite material was found to be 2.4 eV. Several procedures were implemented to evaluate the electrical efficiency of the photoelectrode within the electrochemical cell. The photocurrent densities of the electrodes utilized in each of the experiments were significantly higher than those observed in the absence of light. At all scan speeds, a rise in photoelectrode specific capacitance was observed in the presence of illumination. The maximum specific capacitance under illumination was determined to be 638 Fg-1, as contrasting to 495 Fg-1 in dark at 5 mVs−1. Research findings indicate that CA exhibited a photocurrent density of 201 mA. The Nyquist plot analysis revealed the cell resistance of 154 Ω and a conductivity of 5.714 × 10−6 Scm−1. Consequently, these outcomes highlight the effectiveness of the photoelectrode for potential use in solar energy conversion systems.

The type of current carriers in defective manganese sulfide and with cationic substitution by samarium ions

IR spectra and electrical resistance of defective manganese sulfide with the substitution of manganese ions with samarium ions in the of 80-500 K are investigated. The maxima of the temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and anomalies of conductivity are attributed to spin and lattice polarons. Absorption bands have been found in the IR spectra, that due to oscillations of octahedra and lattice polarons. From the Hall measurements, the type of current carriers, concentration and mobility of hole and electrons are estimated.

Recyclate-containing magnesia-carbon refractories – Influence on the non-metallic inclusions in steel

The fabrication of MgO–C refractories containing MgO–C recyclates is a current approach for saving resources and energy. However, it must be ensured that the steel quality is not adversely affected, particularly with regard to non-metallic inclusions. The present study investigates MgO–C refractories containing different proportions of MgO–C recyclates (up to 83%) in contact with 16MnCr5 steel melt and a slag. A recyclate-free MgO–C material served as a reference. The tests were performed in a steel-casting simulator. By an automated feature analysis of the solidified steel, manganese sulfide and complex alumina-manganese sulfide inclusions were found to be the predominant ones in all steel samples. No negative influence of the recyclate on the inclusion count and the size distribution of the inclusions, the latter being determined for the sum of alumina and alumina-manganese sulfide as well as for the manganese sulfide inclusions, was observed.

Development of technological solutions to improve the quality of railway rails by improving the technology of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and continuous casting of rail electric steel.

Based on a complex of metallographic and X-ray phase studies for the conditions of EVRAZ ZSMK, which is a leading domestic manufacturer of railway rails, the nature of characteristic defects of rails of metallurgical origin has been determined. These defects, which are the cause of rejection of rails during ultrasonic quality control in the flow of rail-block mill, are stratifications, in the localities of which accumulations of silicate, alumina and sulfide non-metallic inclusions are concentrated; at the same time, these defects in the vast majority of cases are located in the neck of the rail profiles. Analysis of contamination with non-metallic inclusions of suitable rails of the current production of EVRAZ ZSMK showed that, unlike the locations of defects in rejected rails, alumina non-metallic inclusions have an extremely low concentration, while manganese sulfides and silicate inclusions have the highest relative concentration. Based on the results obtained, technological measures were developed, pilot-industrial and implemented to improve the production technology of rail steel in the conditions of the electric steelmaking workshop of EVRAZ ZSMK. In order to reduce the concentration of oxide nonmetallic inclusions in rail steel, a new technology of ladle treatment of steel using a low-ash carburizer and calcium carbide for slag deoxidation has been developed. To reduce sulfide inclusions contamination, measures have been implemented to ensure the sulfur content in the finished steel at a level of no more than 0.008%. The optimization of the modes of electromagnetic mixing in the mold and the temperature regimes of continuous casting of steel was carried out, which also had an effect on reducing the concentration of non-metallic inclusions in continuously cast billets of rail steel and finished rails. The introduction of a set of these technological solutions and measures allowed to reduce the rejection of rails for internal defects from 7% to less than 2%

Development of technological solutions to improve the quality of railway rails by improving the technology of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and continuous casting of rail electric steel.

Based on a complex of metallographic and X-ray phase studies for the conditions of EVRAZ ZSMK, which is a leading domestic manufacturer of railway rails, the nature of characteristic defects of rails of metallurgical origin has been determined. These defects, which are the cause of rejection of rails during ultrasonic quality control in the flow of rail-block mill, are stratifications, in the localities of which accumulations of silicate, alumina and sulfide non-metallic inclusions are concentrated; at the same time, these defects in the vast majority of cases are located in the neck of the rail profiles. Analysis of contamination with non-metallic inclusions of suitable rails of the current production of EVRAZ ZSMK showed that, unlike the locations of defects in rejected rails, alumina non-metallic inclusions have an extremely low concentration, while manganese sulfides and silicate inclusions have the highest relative concentration. Based on the results obtained, technological measures were developed, pilot-industrial and implemented to improve the production technology of rail steel in the conditions of the electric steelmaking workshop of EVRAZ ZSMK. In order to reduce the concentration of oxide nonmetallic inclusions in rail steel, a new technology of ladle treatment of steel using a low-ash carburizer and calcium carbide for slag deoxidation has been developed. To reduce sulfide inclusions contamination, measures have been implemented to ensure the sulfur content in the finished steel at a level of no more than 0.008%. The optimization of the modes of electromagnetic mixing in the mold and the temperature regimes of continuous casting of steel was carried out, which also had an effect on reducing the concentration of non-metallic inclusions in continuously cast billets of rail steel and finished rails. The introduction of a set of these technological solutions and measures allowed to reduce the rejection of rails for internal defects from 7% to less than 2%

SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING UNIT FOR ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY NANOPHASES AND PORES IN BAINITE STEEL

The work presents the results of studies aimed at analyzing the morphology and dimensional distribution of cementites and pores/microcracks in bainite steel used as tubing couplings during fluid transportation. For the first time, the method of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has demonstrated the possibility of analyzing not only secondary phases (particles, precipitates), but also shows the potential to expand the limits of applicability of this method for analyzing the morphology and dimensional distribution of pores/microcracks that originated both during casting and heat treatment and during subsequent operation of the tubing. The SAXS approach was adapted, taking into account the shape of cementites/pores, the relationship and ordering of cementites/pores in three-dimensional space, the factor of scale and absorption, analyzed volume and background radiation when processing scattering curves. The analysis of the scattering curves obtained on the transmission revealed cylindrical cementites with a diameter of 26 nm and a length of 180 nm, as well as manganese sulfides of an elliptical shape. Analysis of scattering curves measured in reflection mode has been shown to detect cylindrical nanopores/microcracks 36 nm in diameter and 170 nm in length, as well as spherical macropores 700 nm in diameter. To validate the obtained data, microstructure studies were carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods, which showed a convincing convergence of results between them. Nature and causes of identified pores in bainite steel are discussed.

Thermal Conversion of Nanocrystalline Metal Hydroxide Salts to Metal Carbides, Pnictides, Chalcogenides, and Halides.

A general procedure for synthesizing various inorganic compounds in a similar manner is required in the field of material chemistry. The use of solid-state reactive agents with inorganic precursors is a successful approach in this direction. In this study, organic-inorganic hybrid metal hydroxide salts (MHSs) were utilized to synthesize various inorganic compounds by a simple heat treatment method because they can be assumed to be "premixed" inorganic precursors and solid-state reactive agents. Comparative studies revealed that the nanocrystalline characteristics and coordination of the carboxylate of the synthesized MHSs enabled simultaneous dehydration of hydroxides and decomposition of carboxylates and subsequent formation of metals and metal sulfides. Manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and zinc sulfides, as well as nickel carbides, pnictides, chalcogenides, and halides were obtained using the same procedure. We believe that using nanocrystalline organic-inorganic hybrid MHSs as both inorganic precursors and organic reactive agents will be a simple and versatile way to prepare a wide variety of inorganic complex compounds.

Nano-sulfides of Fe and Mn Efficiently Augmented the Growth, Antioxidant Defense System, and Metal Assimilation in Rice Seedlings.

Physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind nanoparticle (NP)-induced seed germination by nanopriming with metal sulfide NPs are lacunae in the field of agriculture. Sonochemically synthesized aqua-dispersed ferrous sulfide NPs (FeS-NPs) and manganese sulfide NPs (MnS-NPs) were examined as nanopriming agents for physiological, pathological, and antioxidative defense parameters of rice in the present study. Under pot house conditions, in vivo nanopriming of rice seeds with FeS NPs and MnS-NPs at a concentration of 35 μg/mL for 8 h significantly improved the physiological parameters, viz., germination percentage, seed germination index, mean germination time, dry weight, and vigor index, and decreased the phytopathological parameters of nanoprimed rice seeds, viz., mortality, seed rot, and seedling blight. Stimulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD ≥ 28.16%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX ≥ 52.38%), and catalase (CAT ≥ 28.57%) enzymes in FeS-NP- and MnS-NP-nanoprimed seeds as compared to control (hydroprimed seeds) enhanced the fitness of rice seedlings. The augmented levels of Fe and Mn content in the shoots and roots of NP-treated seedlings as compared to hydroprimed seedlings confirmed the incorporation nanometals in rice seedlings as nanonutrients for effective plant growth. Inclusively, FeS-NPs and MnS-NPs were shown to be effective nanopriming agents for promoting the germination of naturally fungal infested rice seeds.

Enhanced the Stability and Storage Capability of Sulfide-Based Material With the Incorporation of Carbon Nanotube for High-Performance Supercapattery Device

Abstract Supercapattery is a recently developed energy storage device that includes the properties of a supercapacitor and a rechargeable battery. A hydrothermal method is used to synthesize the sulfide-based materials. The structural morphology, elemental composition, and electrochemical properties are measured using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and potentiostat system. The specific capacitance is enhanced up to 1964.2 F/g by making the composite with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is higher than the reference sample (MnS). In the case of a real device, the obtained value of specific capacity in manganese sulfide/CNTs/activated carbon is 240 C/g which is much improved compared to the previously reported values. In a supercapattery device, an excellent energy density of 53.3 Wh/Kg and a high power density of 7995 W/kg are obtained. The stability of the device is measured up to 1000 cycles and achieved the specific capacity retention of 86% with columbic efficiency of 97%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (Lee et al., 2012, Self-standing Positive Electrodes of Oxidized few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Light-Weight and High-Power Lithium Batteries,” Energy Environ. Sci., 5(1), pp. 5437–5444) measurements confirm the improvement in surface area and electrochemical properties. Our results show that a 50/50 weight ratio of manganese sulfide and CNTs are more suitable and provide opportunities to design high-performance energy storage devices.

“Enhancing energy storage capability of advanced redox-based supercapacitors through PANI incorporation into NiMnS matrix”

Due to their non-toxic and semi-conducting nature, metal sulfides have been widely applied in energy storage devices. Hydrothermally synthesized nickel manganese sulfide (NiMnS) was blended with chemically synthesized polyaniline (PANI) using different weight ratios. The elemental, structural, and morphological characteristics were analyzed using different characterization techniques (XPS, XRD, and SEM). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were also carried out to investigate the influence of PANI in NiMnS. The electrochemical response of the NiMnS-PANI electrode was tested using a 1 M KOH electrolyte. NiMnS-PANI exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 976 C/g in a three-cell setup. The supercapattery (NiMnS-PANI/||AC) was also developed, showing 160 C/g capacity through GCD measurements. The energy and power density for the NiMnS-PANI||AC device was 35.73 Wh/kg and 850 W/kg at 7 A/g. The NiMnS-PANI||AC device retained 98% capacity after 10,000 cycles. These electrochemical results showed that the constructed NiMnS-PANI AC device has a promising future in energy storage applications.

Effect of Manganese Sulfide Inclusion Morphology on the Corrosion Resistance and Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Free-Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steel

Effect of Manganese Sulfide Inclusion Morphology on the Corrosion Resistance and Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Free-Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steel

Design of MnS@MWCNT Nanocomposite Cathode for Ultra-high Efficient Supercapacitors

The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of MnS (Manganese Sulfide) nanoparticlesin supercapacitor applications. MnS nanoparticles were synthesized using the microwave synthesis method.Additionally, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was incorporated into the MnS structure toprepare MnS@%10MWCNT. The microwave synthesis method was chosen due to its fast, energy-efficient,and easily controllable synthesis process. The size and morphological properties of the synthesizednanoparticles were determined using analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the microwave-synthesized MnS nanoparticlespossessed a crystalline structure and a homogeneous distribution. The incorporation of MWCNT wasconfirmed through SEM images and XRD analysis. Subsequently, the usability of the synthesized MnS andMnS@%10MWCNT nanoparticles in supercapacitor applications was evaluated. The supercapacitorperformance was examined using electrochemical characterization methods such as cyclic voltammetry andcontinuous charge-discharge tests. The results of the study revealed that MnS nanoparticles exhibited highcapacitance and fast charge-discharge characteristics in supercapacitor devices. Furthermore, it wasobserved that the capacitance and stability increased with the incorporation of MWCNT. This studydemonstrates the potential of MnS and MnS@%10MWCNT nanoparticles in energy storage. Themicrowave-synthesized MnS and MnS@%10MWCNT nanoparticles highlight their potential insupercapacitor applications. These findings represent an important step towards the expansion ofnanomaterials' utilization in energy storage and the development of more efficient supercapacitor devices.

Confirming Debonding of Non-Metallic Inclusions as an Important Factor in Damage Initiation in Bearing Steel

Damage in bearings is closely associated with the presence of microstructural alterations, known as white etching areas (WEAs) and white etching cracks (WECs). One of the main reasons for the creation of these microstructural alterations is the presence of defects in the material, such as non-metallic inclusions. Manganese sulfides and aluminum oxides are widely reported in the literature as the most common types of non-metallic inclusions found in bearing steels. This study classifies 280 non-metallic inclusions in an investigated bearing steel according to several criteria: bonded/debonded with the matrix, size, shape, orientation angle, depth below the raceway surface, and chemical composition. Contrary to the findings in the literature, this investigation reports that the chemical composition of the inclusion (MnS + Al2O3) is of secondary importance when considering factors for damage initiation. The orientation of the microstructural alterations is observed to coincide with the high-stress regions, indicating a relation between the formation of butterfly wings and the white etching crack. In our investigation, butterfly wings typically exhibit a 45-degree pattern originating from the non-metallic inclusions. Conversely, the white etching crack starts from the non-metallic inclusion at a shallower angle in correspondence to the raceway. This can be attributed to the stress state, which corresponds to a region where extensive white etching cracks are formed. In conclusion, the microstructural observations demonstrate that the state of non-metallic inclusion—i.e., whether they are bonded or not to the steel matrix—plays an essential role in initiating rolling contact fatigue damage.

On the automated characterisation of inclusion-induced damage in 16MnCrS5 case-hardening steel

Manganese sulphide inclusions are commonly found in steels and known to facilitate the formation of deformation-induced damage sites in the form of voids during cold forming. These damage sites either exist as cracks, splitting the inclusion in two parts, or as delamination, separating the inclusion from the surrounding steel matrix. Both negatively influence the longevity of components, especially under cyclic loading. The analysis of damage is inherently scale-bridging, ranging from deteriorated global mechanical properties of the finished part, over the damage behaviour of individual inclusions, to the local description of individual voids. In this work, we set out to devise an analysis approach gathering information on all these scales. To this end, we conducted in-situ tensile tests while acquiring high resolution SEM panoramic images and analysed them with two neural networks, trained for this work, to detect damage sites with respect to the inclusions at which they nucleated. We find that the main damage mechanism during tensile deformation parallel to the length of inclusions is cracking and that damage evolution is equally influenced by void nucleation and void growth in the observed range of deformation. By focussing on the damaging behaviour of different inclusions, we show that the position of inclusions in the microstructure influences the resulting damage evolution and that the vicinity of pearlite bands leads to decreased damage formation.

Bionanocomposite scaffolds based on MnS-nanorods loaded acacia-Senegal-gum hydrogels: Fabrication, characterization and biological evaluation

This study demonstrates a biocompatible nanofabrication based on novel Acacia senegal gum-manganese sulphide hydrogels (p(ASG)-MnS) to achieve enhanced biological venture. Here, p(ASG-MnS) were prepared in the presence of divinyl sulfone (DS) cross-linker, and then loaded with Manganese sulphide (MnS) nano-rods via in situ reduction method.Various techniques for example, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was carried out to comprehensively characterize p(ASG)-MnS. The FTIR peak at position 1025 cm−1 clarifies the attachment of DS with the carboxylic group of ASG for successful crosslinking, whereas, the frequencies in 2900–3400 cm−1 range are due Mn-(OH)2 formation upon nanofabrication. The morphologically spherical p(ASG) particles with size distribution in 5–60 μm range were further loaded with MnS nanorods with size in 5–20 nm range as indicated from SEM and TEM, respectively.Biomedical investigation of pristine and p(ASG)-MnS was carried out by evaluating their biocompatibility, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.In brief, the pristine, as well as, nanocomposites of the prepared scaffolds demonstrated remarkable biocompatibility with 0.758% and 2.386% hemolysis against p(ASG), and p(ASG)-MnS, respectively over the 400 μg/mL incorporated dose.In addition, p(ASG)-MnS demonstrated notable antioxidant response obtained via multiple assays. The nanocomposite scaffold exhibit 66.91 ± 0.22 (%), and 98.40 ± 0.58 (%) DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, whereas, pristine scaffold demonstrated 7.5 ± 0.58 (%) FRSA, and 4.40 ± 0.28 TEAC activity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total reducing power (TRP) represented by the nanocomposite scaffold was 184.32 ± 2.3 μg AAE/mg, and 179.83 ± 0.1.2 μg AAE/mg, respectively to exhibit remarkable antioxidant response.Additionally, the nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited considerable α-amylase inhibition with 16.7 ± 1.4 (%) that is greater than pristine scaffolds with 4.18 ± 0.98 (%) inhibition.

Synthesis and analysis of the impact of rGO on the structural and electrochemical performance of CoMnS for high-performance energy storage device

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have considered a lot of attention because of their high conductivity and storage capability. In the present work, the rGO (reduced graphene oxide) and cobalt manganese sulfide (CoMnS) nanostructures are synthesized using the modified Hummer's and hydrothermal approaches, respectively and measured the structural and electrochemical properties. The rGO@ CoMnS composite electrode material has a superior specific capacity of 1355.8 C/g compared to the reference electrode (747.6 C/g) at 1.8 A/g in 3-electrode measurement systems. The estimated specific capacitance is 2238 F/g at 1.8 A/g. The charge storage mechanisms are supported with the help of Randles–Ševčík and Dunn’s models. Besides, the rGO@CoMnS@AC composite electrodes are used to design a hybrid device (supercapattery). The hybrid-type device displays an exceptional power density of 2880 W/kg and a notable energy density of 45.6 W h/kg. The electrode is measured up to 5000 cycles and measured the capacity retention of 88% with 91% of columbic efficiency. The two-dimensional composite electrodes provide new opportunities to design a high-performance energy devices.