Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Unravelling the effect of crystal lattice compression on the supercapacitive performance of hydrothermally grown nanostructured hollandite α-MnO2 induced by incremental growth time

Manganese oxide (α-MnO2) nanoparticles are highly recognised for their use in supercapacitor applications. This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of flower-like and nanorods hollandite α-MnO2 by a simple one-pot hydrothermal technique at various reaction times. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by various physicochemical and electrochemical characterisation techniques. The influence of the various reaction times on the structural and morphological properties was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles are tetragonal structures with crystallite sizes ranging from 13.69 to 20.37 nm estimated from the Williamson–Hall method. Moreover, the functional groups and surface area were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Bruner–Emmert–Teller, respectively. Furthermore, the compositional elements were studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the electrochemical performances were studied using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The GCD characteristics revealed that the optimised α-MnO2 has a good capacitive behaviour, which predicts the potential application in energy storage. Electrochemical studies revealed that the 3 h-MnO2 sample exhibited a superior electrochemical behaviour and demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 132 F/g at a current density of 1A/g.

Electro‐Oxidation of Ibuprofen and Metoprolol Using a Manganese Oxide Platform

AbstractPharmaceutical compounds, such as ibuprofen and metoprolol, are of increasing concern due to their persistence in the environment and potential adverse effects on human health. In this work, we developed an electrochemical sensor system for the determination of ibuprofen and metoprolol based on a modified manganese oxide nanoparticle (MnO2NPs) on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The characterisation of MnO2NPs modifier was investigated via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy techniques, Uv/vis spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of the MnO2NPs was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated by examining the effects of scan rates, pH on the CV responses, and electrolytes on the DPV response. The MnO2NPs modified electrode demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity in the electro‐oxidation of both ibuprofen and metoprolol. The oxidation peaks of ibuprofen and metoprolol were observed at +1.14 V and +1.46 V, respectively, for the MnO2NPs/SPCE sensor. The sensor's limit of detection was 3.81 pM and 4.6 pM respectively and its linear response was from 0.97–5.82 pM. Furthermore, interference and stability studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the MnO2NPs/SPCE sensor under optimum conditions, which resulted in a good performance. The proposed sensor was successfully used for the determination of ibuprofen and metoprolol in the application of real water samples.

The potential role and biological assessment of Cu doped manganese oxide nanoparticles

The potential role and biological assessment of Cu doped manganese oxide nanoparticles

Bioactive potential of copper and chromium doped manganese oxide nanoparticles

Bioactive potential of copper and chromium doped manganese oxide nanoparticles

Recycling spent battery components into highly efficient hydrogen and oxygen evolution electro-nano-catalysts

Inspired by the 'waste-to-resource' strategic theme for environmental recovery, here we present the recycling of spent dry cells and spent Lithium-ion batteries aiming to achieve the preparation of cheap and efficient electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange membrane electrolyzers instead of the precious-based electrocatalysts. Graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide nanoparticles, graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles, lithium cobalt oxide doped with copper oxide nanoparticles, and lithium cobalt oxide doped with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis procedures are done via hydrothermal method at a pressure of 4.5 Mpa at 180 ○C. Electrochemical characterization is done to determine overpotential, tafel slope, and electrocatalytic stability via a three-electrode system. The optimum results are observed by the graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide nanoparticles, which show -55.06 mV and -41.33 mV/dec as overpotential and tafel slope at -10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen evolution reaction with surface area of 40.87 m2/g and 21.05 nm as crystal size and Graphite doped with manganese oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which show 321.58 mV and 174.14 mV/dec as overpotential and Tafel slope for oxygen evolution reaction at 10 mA/cm2 with surface area of 7.64 m2/g and 44.43 nm as crystal size.

Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Pinus roxburghii mediated green synthesized zinc and gadolinium doped manganese oxide nanoparticles

The exploration into the synthesis and characterization of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) has garnered considerable attention, driven by their potential applications across various fields, particularly in medicine and biotechnology. This study focuses on investigating the diverse biological functions of Zinc doped (Zn)-MO and Gadolinium doped (Gd)-MO NPs, including their antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The NPs were synthesized using a sustainable green approach incorporating phytochemicals sourced from Pinus roxburghii. XRD confirmed tetragonal structure for both Zn-CuO and Gd-CuO NPs. Examination TEM and SEM-EDS revealed spheroidal NPs with diameters ranging from 8 to 12nm. Evaluation of antifungal activity exhibited promising outcomes, indicating the capability of both Zn-MO and Gd-MO NPs to hinder fungal growth, suggesting their potential as antifungal agents. Similarly, the antibacterial effectiveness of these NPs was demonstrated by their ability to impede bacterial growth, highlighting their potential in addressing bacterial infections and potentially combating antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of Zn-MO and Gd-MO NPs was assessed, revealing their capacity to scavenge free radicals and alleviate oxidative stress. In summary, the results emphasize the significant biological activities of Zn-MO and Gd-MO NPs, positioning them as promising candidates for further exploration and development in biomedical and pharmaceutical research.

Enhanced phosphate anion flux through single-ion, reverse-selective mixed-matrix cation exchange membrane

Phosphate recovery from wastewater is vital for both environmental sustainability and resource conservation, offering the dual benefit of reducing phosphate pollution while providing a valuable source of this essential nutrient. We previously reported an approach for synthesizing hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) nanoparticles within a polymeric cation-exchange membrane (CEM) to achieve a phosphate-selective mixed-matrix membrane (PhSMMM); however, the phosphate flux was lower than desired. Herein, we demonstrate a next-generation PhSMMM membrane with enhanced phosphate flux and selectivity. Experimental results confirm the successful incorporation of up to 28 wt% HMO nanoparticles into the polymeric CEM. The new PhSMMM exhibits a phosphate flux of 1.57 mmol∙m–2.hr–1 (an 8.5X enhancement), with selectivity over chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions of 9, 11, and 104, respectively. This significant enhancement in phosphate flux marks a promising advancement in a sustainable solution for phosphate removal and recovery from wastewater.

Manganese Oxide Applications in Sulfonamides Electrochemical, Thermal and Optical Sensors: A Short Review

AbstractIn recent years, the development of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors has been a pivotal area of research, driven by the growing demand for environmental monitoring and industrial process control. Among various materials investigated for sensor applications, manganese oxide (MnO2) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical properties, environmental friendliness, and natural abundance. Critical analyses of the synthesis of MnO2 using different techniques such as hydrothermal method, chemical precipitation, and sol–gel process which allows for the fine-tuning of particle size and morphology while enhancing the electrochemical sensing capabilities have been reviewed. The review also provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancement evaluation of manganese oxide-based electrodes for detecting sulfonamides and other analytes in water across diverse matrices. This paper sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis methods and application areas of MnO2 nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors, highlighting their role in advancing sensor technology and their impact on various sectors. Graphical Abstract

Investigation on corrosion behaviour of metal oxide nanoparticles reinforced magnesium composites by salt spray and immersion corrosion test methods

ABSTRACT This study explores the increasing utilisation of lightweight materials, particularly magnesium (Mg) alloy, in sectors such as automobile, aerospace, and marine due to its notable advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good castability, and excellent damping capacity. Despite these merits, Mg alloy faces challenges, notably in wear and corrosion resistance. The research focuses on enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy by incorporating Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Manganese Oxide (MnO), and Titanium Oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The alloy AZ91D and three nanocomposites, namely AZ91D + 1% ZnO, AZ91D + 1% MnO, and AZ91D + 1% TiO2, were manufactured using a stir squeeze casting technique combined with an ultrasonication process. To confirm the even distribution of reinforcement particles, Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) were employed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of matrix and reinforcement material with intermetallic precipitates around the grain boundaries. Corrosion properties were assessed following ASTM standards and utilising a 3.5% NaCl concentration. The study found that AZ91D + 1% TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the AZ91D alloy, showing a remarkable 77.78% and 69.89% improvement in corrosion behaviour under salt spray and immersion environments, respectively, after 48 hours.

Synthesis of Trimanganese Tetraoxide (Mn3O4) as a promising electrode and Photocatalyst for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye

The article involves the facile bio-synthesis of Manganese (III) Oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) using Curry leaf (Murraya Koenigii) extract as an efficacious chelating agent. The prepared NPs were subjected to various characterization methods such as Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), Ultra Violet spectroscopy study (UV–Vis), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) to study the crystalline structure, morphology, optical properties, electrochemical activity and magnetic property of the sample. The XRD result proved the crystallinity of the sample having crystallite size around 15 nm with tetragonal structure. The absorption band observed at 612 cm−1 indicates the Mn-O stretching modes of tetrahedral sites in FTIR analysis of the prepared sample which confirmed the formation of Mn3O4 NPs. Using SEM and TEM techniques, the surface morphology and NPs size were examined. The composition and distribution of the NPs was verified using EDX spectrum and elemental mapping. Using the UV–Visible spectroscopy, the energy band gap (Eg) for the NPs was computed and calculated as 2.34 eV. The Mn3O4 NPs evinced a specific capacitance of 276 Fg-1 at 10 mV/s scan rate. This result proposes that the obtained Mn3O4 NPs can be used as a suitable electrode mainly for supercapacitor applications. VSM study revealed the paramagnetic behavior of the synthesized Mn3O4 NPs. The synthesized Mn3O4 NPs exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the inhibition zones of 12, 10, and 9 mm respectively. Photo catalytic degradation study was carried out for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, which showed a strong characteristic absorption peak nearly at 554 nm with 94 % of degradation efficiency.

Green synthesised Mn3O4 and poly (o-phenylenediamine) for antimicrobial textile-based supercapacitor applications

The advancement of wearable supercapacitors (SCs) has recently garnered a lot of attention owing to their ease of fabrication into textiles, low cost, long cycle life, fast charging and discharging, high efficiency, and ability to bridge the energy and power gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. The present study focuses on the development of wearable textile-based SC electrodes using green-synthesised manganese oxide nanoparticles functionalised on poly(o-phenylenediamine) reinforced to a polymer nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy to validate the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The thermal properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical performance of the bare polymer and the nanocomposite was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy techniques. An impressive specific capacitance of 213 Fg-1was achieved at a current density of 1 Ag-1for the polymer nanocomposite and even after 1000 cycles a capacitance retention of 89% was observed. Enhanced antimicrobial activity was also observed for the nanocomposite against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Based on these attributes, the fabricated device can be used as an efficient antimicrobial wearable SC.

Synthesis of PPy-MnO2 Nanocomposite for Utilization in Supercapacitor Applications

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites were prepared using chemical oxidation and were combined with manganese oxide (MnO2) nanoparticles. The PPY-MnO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by integrating PPy nanofibers with varying volume ratio percentages of MnO2 dopant (10, 30, and 50% vol. ratio). The structural features of the PPy and PPy-MnO2 nanocomposite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transfor infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the molecular structures of primary materials and the final product of PPy, MnO2, and PPy- MnO2 nanocomposites. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed that the morphology of PPy consisted of a network of nanofibers. Increasing the volume ratios of manganese oxide added to the PPY nanofiber led to the increase of manganese oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the PPY nanofiber network. This resulted in a noticeable alteration in the structure of the nanocomposite. It has been observed that the nanocomposites demonstrate a significant level of pseudocapacitive activity. The highest capacitance of 236 F/g was observed when pure PPy was doped with 30% MnO2 compared to 125 F/g of the pure PPy.

Optimizing Energy Storage Performance: In situ Synthesized Manganese Oxide (Mn3O4) Nanoparticle‐Based Symmetric Supercapacitor on a Paper Substrate

AbstractIn this study, a redox reaction is employed to synthesize manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles using potassium permanganate as a precursor in the presence of diethyl amine. The structural characterization reveals the formation of the tetragonal phase of Mn3O4 nanoparticles with a space group of I41/amd. A free‐standing Mn3O4‐based paper electrode is fabricated and its electrochemical performances are investigated. The electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance value of ~353 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of ~530 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. A symmetric supercapacitor‐based device is also designed using Mn3O4 nanoparticles as an active material in a gel electrolyte configuration. The Mn3O4 device achieves specific and areal capacity values of ~208 mAh g−1 and 260 mA cm−2, respectively, at a current density of 0.3 A g−1. The device delivers maximum energy and power density values of ~104 Wh kg−1 and ~220 W kg−1, respectively, with ~92 % specific capacity retention at 0.3 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. The above results suggest that the Mn3O4‐based device has the potential for energy storage applications.

Tetragonal crystalline MnO nanoparticles alleviate Pb stress in wheat by modulating antioxidant enzymes in leaves.

Agriculture ecosystems are seriously threatened by lead (Pb) contamination, which impacts plant growth and productivity. In this study, green synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) using citrus peel were used for priming of wheat seeds. For the synthesis of MnO nanoparticles, peel extract of Citrus paradisi and 1mM solution of manganese acetate were stirred and calcinated at 500°C. Successful synthesis of MnO NPs was determined using advanced techniques. In Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the presence of amines, alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohol molecules, on the surface of MnO NPs, confirmed their stability. X-ray diffraction analysis described their average size (22nm), while scanning electron microscopy showed tetragonal crystalline shape and nano-flowers structure of MnO NPs. Sharp peaks of energy dispersive x-ray analysis described the presence of oxygen (28.81%) and manganese (71.19%) on MnO NPs. Priming of wheat seeds with synthesized MnO NPs significantly improved the growth attributes of wheat seedlings including the size of leaf, root length, size of shoots, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, relative water content, decreased relative electrolyte leakage, high proline accumulation and decreased concentration of malondialdehyde. Application of MnO NPs also helped plants to accumulate antioxidant enzymes in their leaves. These results proved that the priming of MnO NPs can greatly reduce lead-induced stress in wheat seedlings and these NPs can alsobe used for the priming of other crops.

MnO2 decoration onto the guava leaves: A sustainable and cost-effective material for methylene blue dye removal

Excessive number of dyes in water is becoming the main cause of water pollution, which is very important to remove because it is harmful. Dye contaminated water is being treated by various methods. Adsorption method can be considered best for the study of dye removal due to several technological reasons. The adsorption method has also been emphasized in this study. In the present work, a nano-bio-composite was fabricated by growing manganese oxide nanoparticles on abundant cellulosic guava leaf powder. This allows nanocomposite to be prepared in large quantities at nominal cost. The characterization technique confirmed the irregular growth of manganese oxide nanoparticles onto the guava leaf powder. The electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions was confirmed in between manganese oxide nanoparticles and the carbon structure of guava leaf powder. The massive functional groups were found to be in the prepared nano-bio-composite. The grain size of prepared material was in nano range. The developed nano-bio-composite was used to remove methylene blue from water. This showed a very good adsorptive capacity for methylene blue. The analyzed adsorption data was modelled through isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics models. The nature of the adsorption process was determined to be spontaneous and exothermic. The reusability test was carried out for five adsorption-desorption cycles. The reusability results suggested the better removal efficiency (%) in the first two cycles with only 20 % reduction in removal efficiency (%). The leaching test result revealed the good stability of MnO2/GL at neutral pH. It was a unique and cheap adsorbent of its kind, which had not been noticed anywhere before.

The Inhibitory Effect of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Prodigiosinagainst Pathogenic P. aeruginosa

The Inhibitory Effect of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Prodigiosinagainst Pathogenic P. aeruginosa

Exploring the performance of biodiesel-hydrogen blends with diverse nanoparticles in diesel engine: A hybrid machine learning K-means clustering approach with weighted performance metrics

Biodiesel, an eco-friendly fuel with lower greenhouse gas emissions, is a crucial alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Adding hydrogen and nanoparticles to biodiesel enhances diesel engine performance, reduces emissions, and improves fuel efficiency through better combustion and fuel atomization. In this study, various nanoparticles were experimented, and their performance, emission, and acoustic outcomes were systematically evaluated, resulting in a comprehensive ranking and clustering. The k-means clustering-Entropy-TOPSIS method is applied to weigh performance outcomes, rank the nanoparticles, and create clusters among them among best and worst, considering multiple criteria's in this study. This study further divides diverse nanoparticles into clusters, employing a hybrid machine learning k-means clustering method. The CO parameter carries the highest weight (57%), followed by UBHC (22%), owing to their significant variation induced by the addition of nanoparticles, surpassing the variability observed in other parameters. Manganese oxide nanoparticles exhibited superior performance across various critical parameters among all nanoparticles with a minimum centroidal distance of 25.97. Moreover, enrichment with hydrogen gas, combined with nanoparticles, significantly enhanced diesel engine performance, manifesting in an approximate 8 % increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and 23 % reduction in CO emissions. Identifying the optimal nanoparticles is crucial for enhancing biodiesel properties, and the paramount importance of hydrogen mixing lies in its potential to significantly improve combustion efficiency, emissions, and overall diesel engine performance.

Green, environmentally friendly synthesis of MnO Nanoparticles for corrosion inhibition in mild steel

<p>This study uses green, environmentally friendly methods to synthesize manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO-NPs) that can be applied on mild steel as a safe and eco-friendly material with corrosion inhibition attributes. Mukia madaraspatana leaf extract is effective in the green synthesis of Mno-NPs. Several critical parameters can influence the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of the MnO-NPs, including the dose of nanoparticles in parts per million (PPM), acid concentration, temperature, and exposure time. Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) was employed to optimize these parameters. An optimal dosage of 550 parts per million (ppm) of nanoparticles, an acid concentration of 0.9 M, a temperature of 37°C, and an exposure time of 3.2 hours resulted in an inhibition efficiency of 92.5%. It reduced the corrosion rate to 0.652 (mm/Y) in an independent validation run. These findings demonstrate that the environmentally friendly synthesized MnO-NPs have great potential as an anti-corrosive agent for mild steel.</p>

Facile preparation of CoFe-MnO2@titania nanotube array bifunctional electrodes for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures

The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at high current density under industrial temperatures is crucial for large-scale industrial hydrogen production from water splitting. In this work, M-MnO2@TNTA composite electrodes were prepared by depositing various metal ion-doped manganese oxide nanoparticles on the titania nanotube array (TNTA) by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) method, and their HER and OER electrocatalytic performances were investigated in 1 M KOH. Results show that the CoFe-MnO2@TNTA composite electrode prepared by simultaneous doping of Co3+ and Fe3+ in MnO2 exhibits optimal catalytic performance. Compared with MnO2@TNTA without ion doping, the overpotentials of CoFe-MnO2@TNTA at 10 mA cm−2 (η10) for HER and OER are reduced by 571 and 665 mV. In addition, the electrode performance can be significantly enhanced by increasing the test temperature, and the porous array structure enables CoFe-MnO2@TNTA to exhibit better performance at high current densities. At 50 °C, which is the common industrial electrolytic water temperature, the η10 of CoFe-MnO2@TNTA for HER is almost equal to that of the Pt/C electrode. The η100 of CoFe-MnO2@TNTA for HER is reduced by 35 mV compared with the Pt/C electrode. Moreover, η200 of CoFe-MnO2@TNTA for OER is significantly lowered by 111 and 184 mV compared with IrO2 and RuO2 electrodes. Utilizing CoFe-MnO2@TNTA as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, the electrolysis voltage is merely 2.33 V under the current density of 200 mA cm−2, much lower than that of IrO2 (+)||Pt/C (–) (2.68 V). The present work may provide a valuable reference for the development of self-supporting bifunctional electrodes suitable for high-current-density water splitting at industrial temperatures.

Cytotoxic Effect of Biosynthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles on Human Skin Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSSCC) in vitro

The current study intended to biosynthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO -NPs) depending on prodigiosin pigment as stabilizing and reducing agent. which produced from environmental isolate of Serratia marcescens . The study of the biosynthesis of MnO NPs was characterized by different techniques, such as ( UV-VIS, XRD, AFM, FE-SEM and FTIR). The results refer, the wavelength of biosynthesis of MnO NPs by using UV-VIS was (284 nm), the average volume was (45) nm). and image FE-SEM shows that the MnO- NPs mainly consists of nanosheets assembled in flower-like shape with different diameters. The cytotoxic effects of (MnO -NPs) on Human Skin Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSSCC) was significant (p≤0.05) comparative with control viability 100%. Maximum effective concentration were 4000 μg/ml for 72hr exposure time which gave the highest inhibition rate 95% comparative with viability control 100%, but the minimum concentration was 3.9 μg/ml which induced proliferation of (HSSCC)cells. So when the exposure time and the concentration was increased, the inhibition rate was increased. Keywords:Serratia marcescens, Human skin squamous carcinoma cell line, cytotoxic effect, prodigiosin, MnO –NP.