Manganese Metal Organic Framework Research Articles

Self-assembled from monometallic-organic framework to bimetallic-organic framework materials with promoted supercapacitor performance

Designing new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials with definite structure and introducing heterometallic atom is an effective strategy to develop new electrocatalytic and energy storage materials. Herein, one new 3D close-packed type manganese metal–organic frameworks, namely [Mn2(BPTC)(DMSO)2.5] (Mn-MOF) have been constructed from a rigid biphenylic acid with a rigid biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4BPTC) ligand under a solvothermal condition. Besides, adopting the metal doping strategy, a series of bimetallic MnM’-MOF (M’=Co, Ni and Cu) crystalline materials has been successfully grown on nickel foam (NF) and were used for supercapacitor electrode material. By contrast, the MnNi-MOF/NF shows a specific capacitance of 3391.7 mF cm−2 at 1 mA‧cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is 1.6 times that of Mn-MOF/NF electrode. It also displays excellent cycle stability to keep 92.6 % of the initial capacity after GCD 20000 cycles. Finally, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) made from on the MnNi-MOF electrode and activated carbon (AC) could deliver an energy density of 0.224 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 1.04 mW cm−2, and a high cycle-to-cycle stability with 90.1 % of the primary capacitance over 20,000 cycles. This work not only confirms the potential supercapacitor properties of as-synthesized new Mn-MOF, but also effectively improves the specific capacity and device stability of pure Mn-MOF by introducing different transition metal ions.

Fast decomposition of organic contaminant in wastewater using Zn and Mn bimetallic metal organic frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit remarkable versatility across various applications including luminescence sensors, adsorption, gas separation, and catalysis due to their tuneable structure and characteristics, especially in the presence of mono- or bi-metal ions. In this study, a comparative analysis of solvothermally synthesized zinc MOF (MOF-5), manganese MOF (Mn-MOF), and bimetallic zinc-manganese MOF (Zn/Mn-MOF) is conducted. Clear distinctions in the properties of these synthesized materials are observed. XRD spectra suggest that MOF-5 and Zn/Mn-MOF exhibit higher crystallinity compared to Mn-MOF. FESEM images reveal that particles of bimetallic MOFs are well-separated, whereas those of monometallic MOF-5 and Mn-MOF are agglomerated. Zn/Mn-MOF display the lowest band gap, measuring 3.03 eV. To assess their efficacy as photocatalysts, their ability to degrade methylene blue under simulated sunlight is evaluated. Reaction kinetics indicate that degradation follows pseudo-first-order linear kinetics for all synthesized samples. Notably, bimetallic Zn/Mn-MOF outperforms its monometallic counterparts in dye degradation processes, exhibiting a rate constant of 0.0535 min−1 and an exceptional degradation rate of ∼91 % in 120 min. Dark condition experiments suggest minimal dye adsorption by the synthesized MOFs, with values of 8.2 %, 5 %, and 2.5 % after 120 min for MOF-5, Mn-MOF, and Zn/Mn-MOF, respectively. Irradiation of the dye solution with a solar simulator enhances methylene blue decomposition. Furthermore, the recyclability studies for MB dye degradation by the Zn/Mn MOF reveal a decline in photocatalytic efficiency to 71.3 % after the fourth cycle, indicating appreciable stability of the material.

Energy Storage Performance of Electrode Materials Derived from Manganese Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials assembled using metal and organic linkers, showing a high specific surface area and a tunable pore size. Large portions of metal open sites in MOFs can be exposed to electrolyte ions, meaning they have high potential to be used as electrode materials in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Also, they can be easily converted into porous metal oxides by heat treatment. In this study, we obtained high energy storage performance by preparing electrode materials through applying heat treatment to manganese MOFs (Mn-MOFs) under air. The chemical and structural properties of synthesized and thermally treated Mn-MOFs were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface area and porosity were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) using a three-electrode cell. It was found that Mn-MOF electrodes that underwent heat treatment at 400 °C under air consisted of Mn2O3 with high specific surface area and porosity. They also showed a superior specific capacitance of 214.0 F g-1 and an energy density value of 29.7 Wh kg-1 (at 0.1 A g-1) compared to non-treated Mn-MOFs.

Covalent organic frameworks doped with manganese-metal organic framework for peroxymonosulfate activation

A novel N, O modified Mn3O4@porous carbon catalyst (NOC-Mn3O4) was prepared by direct carbonization using the manganese-metal organic framework (Mn-MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) as precursors to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and rhodamine B (RhB). Benefiting from the N and O co-doping of COF, larger specific surface area, faster electron transfer and Mn cycling, the optimum 1NOC-Mn3O4 could significantly improve the degradation performance of BPA and RhB (92.1% and 96.9% within 30 min) as compared to C-Mn3O4 without COF doping. In addition, 1NOC-Mn3O4 showed good reusability and strong anti-interference ability. Radical quenching experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (EPR) and electrochemical tests showed that the 1NOC-Mn3O4/PMS system degraded BPA and RhB by both radical and non-radical pathways. Moreover, the possible degradation pathways of BPA and RhB were proposed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Except for that, the toxicity of BPA, RhB and their intermediates were evaluated. This study opens up a new prospect for the design of COF-doped PMS catalysts.

Effects of metal ratios and post treatments on energy storage ability of cobalt manganese metal organic frameworks

Metal organic framework (MOF) with large surface area and pore tunability has been intensively applied on energy storage. Tubular structure is one of promising configurations due to abundant contacts to electrolyte at inner/outer surface and straight charge transfer paths. Bimetallic compounds with multiple redox states are favorable for generating redox reactions. Possible conversions to oxides or sulfides can also induce additional active sites and enhance conductivity. In this study, cobalt and manganese bimetallic MOF (CoMn-MOF) tubular structures are firstly synthesized using polypyrrole nanotubes as the template. Effects of metal ratio on energy storage is investigated to understand contributions from Co and Mn. The CoMn-MOF derived oxide and sulfide are further synthesized to enhance energy storage ability. A larger specific capacitance (CF) of 670.1 F/g is attained for CoMn-MOF derived sulfide (S-CoMn-MOF) electrode, respectively compared to those of 247.0 and 426.7 F/g for the CoMn-MOF and oxidized CoMn-MOF electrodes, because of surface connected tubular structure and balanced components of MOF and sulfides for S-CoMn-MOF. An energy storage device with S-CoMn-MOF and graphene electrodes shows a maximum energy density of 17.9 Wh/kg at 785.7 W/kg. The CF retention of 78% and Coulombic efficiency of 97% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles are also obtained.

Proton Self-Doped Polyaniline with High Electrochemical Activity for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their low cost, good ionic conductivity, and high safety. Conductive polyaniline is a promising cathode because of its redox activity, but because the neutral electrolyte protonates only weakly, it displays limited electrochemical activity. A polyaniline cathode is developed with proton self-doping from manganese metal-organic frameworks (Mn-MOFs) that alleviates the deprotonation and electrochemical activity concerns arising during the charge/discharge process. The MOFs carboxyl group provides protons to prevent deprotonation and allows the polyaniline to reach a high zinc storage redox activity. The proton self-doped polyaniline cathode has a superior specific capacity (273mAhg-1 at 0.5Ag-1 ), a high rate property (154mAhg-1 at 20Ag-1 ), and excellent cyclability retention (87% over 4000cycles at 15Ag-1 ). This research provides fresh insight into the development of innovative polymers as cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.

Oxidase-like Nanozyme Activity of Manganese Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Colorimetric and Fluorescence Sensing of l-Cysteine

The utilization of ultrathin Mn-metal–organic framework (Mn-UMOF) nanosheets for oxidase-like nanozyme activity has been demonstrated. The Mn-UMOF exhibited superior nanozyme activity to oxidize chromogenic TMB and ABTS than the bulk Mn-BMOF. Based on this fact, a platform for the colorimetric sensing of l-cysteine (l-cys) has been established over the detection of other amino acids and natural compounds such as urea and glucose. In addition, the Mn-UMOF has the capability of catalyzing the oxidation of amplex red to the fluorescent first oxidized product, which has been used to develop a fluorescence turn-off sensor for the selective sensing of l-cys.

Fabrication of iron manganese metal–organic framework derived magnetic MnFe2O4/C composites for broadband and highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

In this work, magnetic MnFe2O4/C composites were fabricated by pyrolysis of iron manganese bimetallic metal–organic framework, which showed adjustable micromorphology, broadband and highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

MOFs-derived Mn/C composites activating peroxymonosulfate for efficient degradation of sulfamethazine: Kinetics, pathways, and mechanism

Both manganese oxides (MnOx) and carbon materials hold promise for persulfate activation to remediate polluted waterbodies. However, the aggregation of MnOx during the calcination synthesis and lower activity to persulfate of carbon materials seriously limit their industrial application. In this work, two Mn/C composites (MnOx-NA and MnOx-A) were synthesized from manganese-metal organic frameworks (MOFs) under nitrogen atmosphere and air atmosphere calcination respectively. The prepared MnOx-NA exhibited more excellent peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation performance than MnOx-A, and almost 100% sulfamethazine (SMT) could be removed by the MnOx-NA/PMS system within 30 min. Moreover, the MnOx-NA/PMS system exhibited impressive stability even after 10 cycles and displayed high anti-interference ability to Cl−, ClO4−, CO32−, SO42−, NO3− and humic acid (HA). In addition, the oxidation system could efficiently remove SMT in different aqueous matrices. Three possible pathways of SMT degradation were proposed according to the LC-MS analysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quenching experiments, and cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed that SMT degradation predominantly occurred through a catalyst-mediated electron transfer pathway. Material characterization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the derived carbon species strengthened the MnOx-NA's electron-transfer capability and promoted the uniform distribution of MnOx particles on the carbon materials surface, which significantly improved MnOx-NA's PMS activation performance. This study introduces a facile method for the design of Mn/C composites PMS activator and provides theoretical guidance for water pollution remediation.

Targeted OUM1/PTPRZ1 silencing and synergetic CDT/enhanced chemical therapy toward uveal melanoma based on a dual-modal imaging-guided manganese metal–organic framework nanoparticles

Metastasis and chemical resistance are the most serious problems in the treatment of highly aggressive uveal melanoma (UM). The newly identified lncRNA OUM1 is overexpressed in UM, functions as a catalyst and regulates protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity by binding to PTP receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1), which plays an important role in cell proliferation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in the UM microenvironment. Hence, siRNAs that selectively knocking down the lncRNA OUM1 (siOUM1) and its target gene PTPRZ1 (siPTPRZ1) were designed to inhibit the OUM1/PTPRZ1 pathway to reduce PTP activity, and this reduction in activity interrupts protein tyrosine phosphorylation, suppresses UM proliferation and metastasis and improves cisplatin sensitivity in UM cells. Then, to overcome the limitations of the difficulty of drug administration and traditional therapeutics, the indocyanine green (ICG)-labeled manganese metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated and linked with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide to carry siOUM1/siPTPRZ1 and cisplatin to achieve targeted siRNA interference-mediated therapy, enhanced cisplatin therapy and chemodynamic therapy. This NP system also has a dual-modal imaging ability because ICG is a near-infrared region fluorescent dye and manganese has the potential to be used in magnetic resonance imaging. This study verifies the significance of the newly discovered lncRNA OUM1 as a new therapeutic target for aggressive UM and provides a drug delivery NP system for precise treatment of UM accompanied with a dual-modal imaging ability.Graphical

MnOx@N-doped carbon nanosheets derived from Mn-MOFs and g-C3N4 for peroxymonosulfate activation: Electron-rich Mn center induced by N doping

The fabrication of metal-carbon hybrids with heteroatom doping from manganese-metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has rarely been reported for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this work, novel MnOx@N-doped carbon (MnOx@NC) nanosheets were prepared using 2D manganese-1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid-based MOFs (Mn-MOFs) and different proportions of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, additional N source and carbon source) to activate PMS for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. The polarization difference induced by Mn–N coordination during the carbonization process made C an electron-poor center and Mn an electron-rich center, thus providing more Mn(II) for PMS activation. Benefiting from the highest Mn(II) content, the most uniform and exposed MnOx active sites, abundant N active species and rich defective sites, MnOx@NC-20 showed excellent degradation (72.9% within 5 min) and mineralization performance (47.40% within 60 min) for SMX. Nonradical and radical processes worked together in MnOx@NC-20/PMS/SMX system, where singlet oxygen (1O2) dominated the degradation of SMX. N-doped carbon not only exhibited dragging and protection effects on MnOx, but also provided adsorption sites for PMS and pollutants, thus reducing their migration distance. Moreover, the electrons of organic substrates could be captured by the electron-poor carbon layer and then transported to the electron-rich Mn center, thus improving the utilization efficiency of PMS and the redox of Mn. This study provides a facile optimization method to prepare MOFs-derived carbon catalysts with improved stability and catalytic performance.

Metal organic framework-derived MnO@carbon composites for highly durable Li-ion batteries and hybrid electrochemical cells

Exploring structurally stable and high-capacity metal oxides with carbon-based composite have attracted great attention in energy storage devices. Herein, we demonstrate gram scale synthesis of manganese oxide encapsulated carbon (MnO@C) nanofoil composite using the simple thermolysis of manganese metal organic framework (Mn-MOF) under inert atmosphere. The encapsulated MnO nanoparticles on carbon nanofoils enable higher electrochemical conductivity and extended durability as an electrode material for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Specifically, the prepared MnO@C nanofoil composite delivers a reversible capacity of 1083 mAh g−1 for MnO@C, which is higher than the pristine Mn2O3 (889 mAh g−1) at a current density of 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The MnO@C nanofoil composite also exhibits much better specific capacity of 771 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1 with the retention rate of 89% after 800 cycles. Furthermore, as a battery-type electrode for hybrid SCs, the MnO@C nanofoil composite shows higher capacitance and energy/power densities of 46.7 F g−1 and 15.9 Wh kg−1/4356.3 W kg−1 with excellent cycling durability. The cost-effectively synthesized MOF-derived composites could be utilized as promising materials in the development of long-term energy storage devices.

MOFs-derived MnOx@C nanosheets for peroxymonosulfate activation: Synergistic effect and mechanism

Manganese-metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived manganese-carbon (MnOx@C) composites have rarely been synthesized for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, and the complicated synergistic effect in this system are also unclear. In this study, 2D manganese-1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid-based MOFs (Mn-MOFs) were calcined under different temperatures to obtain a series of nanosheet structured manganese-carbon (MnOx@C) composites on PMS activation for 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) degradation. Owing to the rational coordination of specific surface area (268.42 m2/g) and mesoporous structure, higher ≡Mn(II) content, more carbonyl groups and defective sites, MnOx@C-900 exhibited excellent ABEE adsorption (27.0 %) and degradation performance (91.3 % within 30 min) and recycling ability (the removal efficiency of ABEE only dropped by 4.7 % after four consecutive recovery tests). Singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (SO4•−), and surface electron transfer process were all involved in ABEE degradation. Among them, 1O2 was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, the different functions of MnOx and carbon component were studied to confirm their synergistic effect. The carbon component could be complexed with PMS and adsorb ABEE on the catalyst surface, which could facilitate the reaction between MnOx and PMS, as well as ABEE and the generated ROS. Meanwhile, the evenly distributed MnOx could improve the electron transfer capability of the carbon component. This study introduced an in-situ synthesis method of MnOx@C composites, and provided an in-depth understanding of manganese-carbon interaction mechanisms in PMS activation, which might prompt the development of other MOFs-derived metal–carbon hybrid materials for environmental remediation.

Hexagonal Layer Manganese Metal-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic CO2 Cycloaddition Reaction.

A novel manganese metal–organic framework (Mn-MOF) termed UAEU-50 assembled from a benzenedicarboxylate linker (BDC) and trinuclear manganese clusters was synthesized and fully characterized using different spectroscopic and analytic techniques (e.g., X-ray powder diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). UAEU-50 adopted a hexagonal layer structure and exhibited superior thermal stability and robust chemical stability. Photocatalytic activities of UAEU-50 were investigated using the cycloaddition of CO2 to different epoxides, forming cyclic carbonates. Impressively, UAEU-50 can transform up to 90% photocatalytic CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates in the visible-light region at ambient conditions.

Microfluidic encapsulated manganese organic frameworks as enzyme mimetics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with physicochemical properties and adjustable structures have been proposed as very attractive materials. The studies on development of such functional materials tended to fabricate featured MOF objects with fascinating catalytic capabilities to utilize their biomedical values. In this paper, we present novel biocompatible manganese metal organic framework (Mn-MOF)-based catalase mimetics with microfluidic microcapsule encapsulation for intravital inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. Phosphoserine, a component of the cell membrane, served as an organic ligand to ensure biocompatibility of Mn-MOF. Owing to the core–shell structure of the microcapsule, the Mn-MOF exhibited a well-organized distribution and controlled release features, which could protect them from gastric juice and provide function in the intestine. Upon reaching the sites of the inflammatory bowel, Mn-MOF could effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-produced by neutrophils and macrophages under various gastrointestinal pH environments, protecting intestinal epithelial cells from ROS damage. The Mn-MOF-encapsulated microcapsules exhibited high performances in treating spontaneous IBD in interleukin-10-deficient mice by relieving the oxidative stress, reducing the inflammation, and restoring the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that the functional Mn-MOF-encapsulated microcapsules have practical applications in the treatment of ROS-associated diseases.

Tetraphenylpyrazine-Based Manganese Metal-Organic Framework as a Multifunctional Sensor for Cu2+, Cr3+, MnO4-, and 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol and the Construction of a Molecular Logical Gate.

A tetraimidazole-decorating tetraphenylpyrazine has been designed and utilized for the fabrication of a novel metal-organic framework (MOF), denoted as {Mn(Tipp)(A)2}n·2H2O (TippMn, where Tipp = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]pyrazine and A = deprotonation of 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid), through hydrothermal synthesis. Structural analysis reveals that TippMn possesses a 2-fold-interpenetrated 4,8-connected three-dimensional (3D) network with an unprecedented {416·612}{44·62} topology. Fluorescent spectral investigations indicate that TippMn shows discriminative fluorescence when treated by Cr3+ and Cu2+, giving an INHIBIT logical gate performance. Meanwhile, TippMn can be further used as a sensor for MnO4- and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) by fluorescence quenching. Notably, the sensing processes toward Cu2+, Cr3+, MnO4-, and TNP are labeled with high selectivity and sensitivity, quick response, and good recyclability. It is anticipated that this MOF-based versatile sensor could shed light on the exploration of MOFs for fluorescent sensors, optical switches, etc.

Manganese Metal–Organic Framework: Chemical Stability, Photoluminescence Studies, and Biosensing Application

Innovative diagnostic tools, new approaches, and novel methodologies for monitoring and quantification of biological biomarkers have become a dominant challenge. In this work, a novel fast, facile, accurate, selective, and ultra-sensitivity optical approach for troponin I (cTn) cardiac biomarker. cTn, is used as an early diagnostic test for the patients of myocardial infarction. It can support the accurate decisions in the absolute necessity cases. Herein, a manganese metal–organic framework “Mn-MOF” was synthesized via a facile route. The structural and morphology of the produced MOF was confirmed using several tools of characterizations. The chemical stability and photoluminescence (PL) studies of the Mn-MOF were investigated to elucidate the availability of using Mn-MOF as optical biosensor for cTn. Mn-MOF exhibited a characteristic photoluminescence (PL) emission (λem = 422 nm) that was blue-shifted and encountered a remarkable reduction in intensity in presence of cTn (i.e., PL quenching agent). According to Stern-Volmer equation, a linear [cTn]-quenching relationship was observed over a wide concentration range of cTn (1.0 fg- 30.0 pg/mL) and linear range between 1.0 fg and 0.025 ng/mL. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD) for the method ware estimated to be 30.0 fg/mL and 10.0 fg/mL, respectively. Based on the present optical approach; the Mn-MOF can be used successfully as a cTn-biosensor in biological samples, even the presence of different interfering analytes. The mechanism of quenching was studied, and the results revealed that the dynamic type was achieved.

Simultaneous quantitative recognition of all purines including N6-methyladenine via the host-guest interactions on a Mn-MOF

Simultaneous quantitative recognition of all purines including N6-methyladenine via the host-guest interactions on a Mn-MOF

Reduction of Mn-MOF-5 Supported on Graphene As a Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride

Metal borides are a class of catalyst that are known for their stability, high conductivity, and excellent catalytic capabilities.1 These materials may be an efficient catalyst for the hydrolysis of water to produce hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and highly sought after for a clean burning, alternative fuel. Issues associate with storing compressed H2 gas has turned the focus to generating H2 from a hydrogen feedstock material (HFM). One such HFM known as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) contains 10.8% hydrogen by weight and reacts with water to produce H2 gas.2 Our group developed a novel method of synthesizing Manganese borides supported on graphene like materials (MnB@G) to catalyze the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Our group chose graphene as a support since previous work within this team showed that carbon allotrope supports can increase the catalytic capability of metal catalysts3,4. Our materials were prepared from the reduction of a manganese metal organic framework (MOF) supported on graphene oxide (MnMOF-5@GO) at room temperature (RT 295K). These metal borides were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, Figure 1) before they were tested for hydrogen generation at temperatures of 283K-303K. Our product showed an improved activation energy of 51 kJ mol-1 when compared to previous carbon allotrope supported catalysts.3,5 This work can be used to create new catalyst composites to for the generation of hydrogen energy as an alternative fuel source.Works Cited: Masa, J.; Weide, P.; Peeters, D.; Sinev, I.; Xia, W.; Sun, Z.; Somsen, C.; Muhler, M.; Schuhmann, W. Amorphous Cobalt Boride (Co2B) as a Highly Efficient Nonprecious Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting: Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution. Advanced Energy Materials 2016, 6 (12).Schlesingehr H.I.; Brown, H.C.; Finholt A.E.; Gilbreath J.R.; Hoekstra H.R.; Hyde E.L.; Sodium Borohydride, Its Hydolysis and its Use as a Reducing Agent in the Generation of Hydrogen; Chem. Soc., (1953), 75 (1), pp 215–219Clay Huff, Julia M. Long, Austin Heyman, and Tarek M. Abdel-Fattah Palladium Nanoparticle Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite as Catalyst for Hydrogen Production by the Hydrolysis of Sodium BorohydrideACS Applied Energy Materials 2018 1 (9), 4635-4640 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00748Huff, C., Dushatinski, T., & Abdel-Fattah, T. M.. Gold nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite as novel catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2017) 42(30), 18985 18990.doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.226Semasko, M., Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite, L., Stalnioniene, I., Zieliene, A., Vaiciuniene, J., Simkunaite-Stanyniene, B., ... Norkus, E.. Hydrogen Generation via Sodium Borohydride Hydrolysis Using the Graphene Supported Platinum-Ruthenium-Cobalt Catalysts Prepared nu Microwave-Assisted Synthesis. ECS Transactions, (2015) 68(3), 37–44.doi:10.1149/06803.0037ecst Figure 1: SEM image of clusters of particles formed from graphene like sheets. These clusters range in size but are generally seen 25 microns or less Figure 1

Energy Storage Applications of Cobalt and Manganese Metal–Organic Frameworks

This work highlights the electrochemical properties of as-synthesized cobalt and manganese metal–organic frameworks. The electrochemical redox behavior of Co-MOF and Mn-MOF electrode was investigated in 0.1 M KOH solution by cyclic voltammetry. The rectangular CV curve obtained by the Mn-MOF electrode implies the pseudocapacitor act from the surface redox reaction of Mn. Well separated oxidation and reduction peaks achieved by the Co-MOF electrode implied the battery like behavior. For battery, the charge is represented as the capacity and the calculated capacity for the Co-MOF was 1064.3 mhAg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1. For pseudocapacitor, capacitance should be used, and achieved capacitance by Mn-MOF electrode was 483 Fg−1 at constant current density 1 Ag−1. With this delineation in mind, it should be clear that Co-MOF is suitable for battery purpose and Mn-MOF is suitable for pseudocapacitor application.