Manganese In Groundwater Research Articles

Simultaneous removal of groundwater manganese and ammonia nitrogen based on high-flux gravity driven ceramic membrane (HF-GDCM) coupled with aerated fluidized birnessite

High concentrations of manganese ion (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in groundwater are indicative of a critical environmental issue that necessitates immediate attention. The gravity-driven ceramic membrane (GDCM) technology has shown great potential for groundwater treatment in rural communities, owing to its low energy demand and user-friendly operation. Active manganese oxide (MnOx) is extensively used for the concurrent removal of Mn2+ and NH3-N, leveraging its large specific surface area and abundant adsorption sites. Our research group has developed a GDCM-MnOx coupled system to address this challenge. However, membrane fouling, manifested as a reduction in flux or an increase in transmembrane pressure, has been a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. To address this challenge, we have implemented a continuous aeration system in conjunction with GDCM to fluidize birnessite to achieve the higher membrane flux, which has also proven effective in mitigating fouling while maintaining high water purification performance. Over a period of 100 days or more, the high membrane flux in the high-flux GDCM system (HF-GDCM) enhanced with aerated fluidized birnessite has been consistently maintained at approximately 34 L/(m2·h) at a water head of 1 m. Moreover, the HF-GDCM system efficiently removed manganese and NH3-N from groundwater under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 2.5 h, while also improving membrane permeability. The involvement of manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) of Hypomicrobium and Nocardioides in the removal processes within the HF-GDCM system was confirmed. Additionally, XPS analysis confirmed the predominant oxidation state of MnOx to be Mn(III). The MnOx, deposited on powdered activated carbon (PAC) particles in a flower-like configuration, progressively formed a birnessite-like functional layer as the manganese ion content increased over time. Consequently, the HF-GDCM coupled with aerated fluidized birnessite is deemed suitable for water purification in small-scale rural or reservoir settings.

Improvement of Removal Rates for Iron and Manganese in Groundwater Using Dual-Media Filters Filled with Manganese-Oxide-Coated Sand and Ceramic in Nepal

Improvement of Removal Rates for Iron and Manganese in Groundwater Using Dual-Media Filters Filled with Manganese-Oxide-Coated Sand and Ceramic in Nepal

Sources and Treatment Methods of Excessive Manganese Ion in Groundwater in A Certain Area

Trace element manganese is an essential element for human body, but the high concentration of manganese will adversely affect human health and all aspects of daily production and life. Elevated levels of manganese directly affect the color of the water, making it more prone to discoloration when used to wash clothes or dishes. Prolonged exposure to this water may cause organ damage. The groundwater in the study area is sampled and tested, and the test data is analyzed. The main results are as follows: the groundwater manganese ions in the study area exceed the standard, and the concentration of manganese ions in the southwest mountainous area is higher than that in other areas. In southwest China, due to the planting of a large number of tea trees, the main source of manganese in groundwater is manganese-containing fertilizer, and sewage recovery and treatment should be considered in combination with slope rainwater recovery equipment. In other fields, the manganese in groundwater is mainly from domestic sewage. The combined treatment of manganese ions in groundwater by chemical method and contact oxidation method is considered.

Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India

The present investigation focuses on assessing the water quality of groundwater surrounding brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). At 43 different brick kiln sites in both north and south regions of Jammu, concentrations of heavy metals were measured using established techniques. The elements zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel, and manganese were analyzed utilizing an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The pollution load index value was consistently below unity across all sites, suggesting an absence of pollution and making the water suitable for consumption. The average concentrations, listed in ascending order, were found to be 0.38 mg/L for copper, 0.31 mg/L for zinc, 0.01 mg/L for iron, and 0.09 mg/L for manganese. Notably, concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel were found below the detectable levels. Evaluation of contamination factors revealed the sequence Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn, while the geo accumulation index followed the sequence Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn. Comparison of these findings with the established standards of World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards indicated that the recorded ranges were within permissible limits. The study's outcomes suggest that heavy metal emissions from brick kilns may not significantly impact the quality of groundwater. Elevated copper levels found near brick kilns were likely to result from plumbing materials in the study area. Iron and manganese in groundwater seems to have geo-genic origin and not emission-related. This research represents a foundational step in examining groundwater contamination by heavy metals specifically in the neighborhood of brick kilns in Jammu district. It contributes to the establishment of a comprehensive database and serves as a reference point for future studies. Additionally, the study recommends regular monitoring of groundwater to ensure the maintenance of drinking water quality.

Developing a safe water atlas for sustainable drinking water supply in Sonargaon Upazila, Bangladesh

Bangladesh has been relying heavily on groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes since the 1960s. The access to safe drinking water has always been a challenge for Bangladesh due to the geogenic contamination in shallow aquifers. The objective of this study was to identify the depth for extracting safe water and to develop a safe water atlas for different unions of Sonargaon Upazila to ensure a year-round safe water supply. The concentrations of Arsenic, Iron and Manganese in groundwater were measured from 63 random water samples and compared with WHO and national drinking water quality standards. A lithological profile of the study area was developed to validate the indigenous knowledge of targeting safe depth based on sediment color. To address the challenges of groundwater depletion and contamination, the study identified and developed the technique of preparing safe water atlas for a specific region in Bangladesh, serving as a decision-making tool for households. The atlas identifies depths at which tube-wells can be installed to obtain uncontaminated groundwater, helping people make informed choices and avoid potential health risks. Additionally, the safe water atlas can support the development of safe drinking water distribution plans and assist local drillers and residents in decision-making processes.

Occurrence and influencing factors of high groundwater manganese in the oxbow lakes of the middle reaches of Yangtze River

Oxbow lake, acting as an efficient factory, plays an important role in the attenuation and accumulation of groundwater contamination. However, there are few concerns on the enrichment of manganese in the oxbow lakes. Based on 113 groundwater samples collected from Wuhan Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey in 2019, the distribution and influencing factors of high groundwater Mn were studied in the oxbow lakes of the middle reaches of Yangtze River. The results showed that the elevated groundwater Mn were mainly distributed in the concave bank with 75 % of Mn concentration exceeded 0.10 mg/L, and up to 3.79 mg/L. Moreover, groundwater Mn concentrations were related to the depth and the well types. According to principal component analysis, Mn and HCO3–, Mg2+, Fe, NH4-N, Ca2+, As, Eh and NO3– dominated in PC1 with significantly correlations which may result from natural attenuation processes. The sedimentary environments including geological properties and reducing conditions in the studied area were responsible for the enrichment. Not only the dissolution of rich Mn-bearing minerals in the studied area driven by redox conditions provided the source of groundwater Mn but also the unique sedimentary architecture characteristics and the slow flow limited the transfer of dissolved Mn in groundwater, resulting in the enrichment of Mn. This study provides us understand the occurrence and influencing factors of high groundwater manganese in the oxbow lakes/wetlands.

Manganese - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Manganese is an essential trace element that is required for multiple enzymes in the human body. The general population is mainly exposed to manganese via food intake, in particular plant foods. In areas with elevated concentrations of manganese in groundwater, drinking water can also be an important source of exposure. The gastrointestinal absorption of manganese is below 10%, and it appears to be influenced by the amount of manganese in the diet and by the nutritional status of the individual, especially the iron status. In blood, most of the manganese is found in the cellular fractions. Manganese is primarily eliminated via the bile followed by excretion via faeces. To date, no specific biomarkers of manganese intake have been identified. The dietary intake of manganese in the Nordic countries has been reported to be within the range that has been reported for other European countries (2-6 mg/day). Since manganese is found in nutritionally adequate amounts in food, deficiency is not of public health concern. On the other hand, there is emerging epidemiological evidence that various suggested manganese biomarkers may be negatively associated with children's neurodevelopment. However, the limited number of prospective studies, the lack of appropriate exposure biomarkers, and validated neurodevelopmental outcomes render data uncertain and inconclusive. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority considered the evidence to be insufficient to derive an average requirement or a population reference intake, and instead an adequate intake for adults was set at 3.0 mg/day.

Induced crystallization for the simultaneous removal of hardness-iron–manganese in groundwater: An experimental study

Hardness, iron, and manganese are common groundwater pollutants, that frequently surpass the established discharge standard concentrations. They can be effectively removed, however, through induced crystallization. This study has investigated the effectiveness of the simultaneous removal of hardness-iron-manganese and the crystallization kinetics of calcium carbonate during co-crystallization using an automatic potentiometric titrator. The impacts pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ion concentration on the removal efficiency of iron and manganese and their influence on calcium carbonate induced crystallization were assessed. The results suggest that pH exerts the most significant influence during the removal of hardness, iron, and manganese, followed by DO, and then the concentration of iron and manganese ions. The rate of calcium carbonate crystallization increased with pH, stabilizing at a maximum of 10−10 m/s. Iron and manganese can be reduced from an initial level of 4 mg/L to <0.3 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The removal rate of iron, however, was notably higher than that of manganese. The DO concentration correlates positively with the removal of iron and manganese but has minimal impact on the calcium carbonate crystallization process. During the removal of iron and manganese, competitive interactions occur with the substrate, as increases in the concentration of one ion will inhibit the removal rate of the other. Characterization of post-reaction particles and mechanistic analysis reveals that calcium is removed through the crystallization of CaCO3, while most iron is removed through precipitation as Fe2O3 and FeOOH. Manganese is removed via two mechanisms, crystallization of manganese oxide (MnO2/Mn2O3) and precipitation. Overall, this research studies the removal efficiency of coexisting ions, the crystallization rate of calcium carbonate, and the mechanism of simultaneous removal, and provides valuable data to aid in the development of new removal techniques for coexisting ions.

Distribution Characteristics and Genesis of Iron and Manganese Ions in Groundwater of Eastern Sanjiang Plain, China

Groundwater resources are an essential component of global water resources. Long-term consumption of groundwater exceeding the standard levels for iron and manganese can lead to chronic diseases, posing a threat to human health. The Sanjiang Plain is the largest swamp wetland area in China and has high levels of iron and manganese in the groundwater, but the cause still needs to be clarified. Based on the results of water quality tests of 41 groundwater samples in the Eastern Sanjiang Plain, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and causes of iron and manganese from the perspectives of the original strata environment, redox conditions, pH conditions, and hydrochemical indicator factors in the research area, using statistical methods and GIS technology. The results show that high iron and manganese content in groundwater is prevalent in the Eastern Sanjiang Plain, and the exceedance rate of manganese is higher than that of iron (87.80% and 82.90%, respectively). The primary sources of iron and manganese in groundwater are iron and manganese minerals in the original strata environment. Influenced by factors such as acidic conditions, reducing environment, and rich organic matter, insoluble high-valent iron and manganese oxides are reduced to low-valent and soluble divalent iron and manganese. At the same time, groundwater’s high mineralization and evaporation concentration are conducive to increased iron and manganese content, while the influence of human activities is small.

Removal of Manganese and Iron from Groundwater by using Chlorination and Rapid Sand Filtration: A Case Study

The average groundwater extraction from Murunkan well field, Mannar, is around 3.4 MCM/year, and it was triggered by extensive development projects and resettlements that took place in the last decade. Manganese and Iron variations in Murunkan groundwater reported during some periods created various operational and aesthetic issues in the potable water supply. This study is focused on treating iron and manganese in groundwater using chlorination and Rapid Sand Filtration (RSF) techniques. Pebble layers, height of 205 mm with the particle sizes ranging from 2-25 mm, were filled at the bottom of RSF model filter. Filter media, height of 700 mm with 0.45 mm effective size (D10) and a uniformity coefficient (Cu) of 1.33, was placed above the pebble layers. The filter was operated continuously for 15 days, and influent and effluent water samples were collected from 15 trials. Filter backwashing was performed after every two trials to maintain a consistent filtration rate. Raw water pH values ranged from 6.74 – 7.48. Chlorine solution (1.08-1.26 ppm) was added at the inlet point, and a 2.88 m water column was maintained, allowing adequate mixing and oxidation time. The results revealed that average removals of iron and manganese as 60% and 73%, respectively, while maximum removals of 93% and 91% were observed for iron and manganese, respectively.

A GIS-based analysis of groundwater manganese and nitrate concentration for sustainable water supply

Groundwater is the main source of water supply in Sleman Regency. Although the water quantity is not an issue, the quality of groundwater should be understood to ensure the sustainability of the water supply. A previous study shows an increase in manganese (Mn) and nitrate (NO3) concentration in groundwater, yet the concentration distribution is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to develop a map of the spatial distribution pattern and to analyze the potential source of manganese and nitrate in groundwater in Sleman Regency in Yogyakarta Province. The method used is mapping groundwater quality using the ArcGIS application, analyzing groundwater pollution with water quality standards in the Indonesian Ministry of Health regulation number 492/Menkes/per/IV/2010 regarding drinking water quality requirements, and identifying the potential source of high pollution. Data processing uses the ArcGIS 10.8 application by performing the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) Interpolation technique. The result of this study has obtained a map of the distribution of groundwater quality for manganese and nitrate from 2017-2019. Manganese contamination may come from industrial and/or agricultural waste, while higher nitrate concentration might be a result of a septic tank leak and/or pesticide/fertilizer residue in paddy fields.

Exploring the Causes of Manganese Pollution in Groundwater and Prevention Measures in Rural Areas

Most rural areas are still drinking groundwater directly, and some of them have the condition that the content of manganese in groundwater exceeds the standard, which adversely affects the health and life of villagers. The article summarizes the causes of groundwater pollution in rural areas, and puts forward the prevention and control measures available for manganese pollution in groundwater in rural areas, in order to provide a reference for groundwater pollution management in rural areas of China and to ensure the safety of drinking water for residents.

Removal performance and mechanism of the dissolved manganese in groundwater using ultrafiltration coupled with HA complexation

Ultrafiltration (UF) coupled with humic acid (HA) complexation is used to remove manganese (Mn) in groundwater, performance, influencing factors and mechanisms are investigated. The UF alone couldn’t remove the dissolved divalent Mn(Mn(Ⅱ)) effectively, but dosing of a certain amount of HA increased the removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency (> 90%) was observed at a C/Mn molar ratio higher than 50, and the corresponding Mn(Ⅱ) concentrations in permeate were less than 0.05 mg/L. In addition, the Mn(Ⅱ) removal was also interfered with the transmembrane pressure (TMP), solution pH, and coexisted cations. The mechanisms of Mn(Ⅱ) removal were analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis. The results showed that the macromolecular complexes were produced by the complexation of Mn(Ⅱ) and the carboxylic (-COOH) and phenolic hydroxyl (phenolic-OH) groups of HA. Subsequently, the complexes could be effectively rejected by the UF membrane and formed the cake layer with the filtration time. It should be noted that Mn(Ⅱ) removal became higher than HA at higher C/Mn molar ratios, which indicated the Mn(Ⅱ) removal was not only by the way of molecular sieving but also by the electrostatic attraction of the cake layer. In the continuous tests, the combined process could remove Mn(Ⅱ) availably and the irreversible fouling of UF membrane could be avoided through the proper operation. These results suggest that UF coupled with HA complexation can be used as a viable strategy for the removal of dissolved Mn(Ⅱ) from groundwater.

Characteristics and Causes of High-manganese Groundwater in Pearl River Delta During Urbanization

The high concentration of iron and manganese in groundwater is harmful to human health, and the sources of manganese in rapidly urbanization areas are complex. Based on more than 2500 sets of hydrochemical data in different historical periods, the spatial distribution characteristics, sources, and genesis of groundwater manganese in different aquifers and areas with different urbanization levels in the Pearl River Delta were studied by using mathematical statistics and principal component analysis. The results showed that the concentration of manganese in groundwater in the pore aquifer was obviously higher than that in the fissure and karst aquifer. The proportion of high-manganese groundwater in the pore aquifer was twice that in the fissure and karst aquifer. The proportion of high-manganese groundwater in urbanized and suburban areas was significantly higher than that in non-urbanized areas. On a regional scale, the decomposition of organic matter and the reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn (oxygen) hydroxide in sedimentary strata under reductive conditions may have been the main factors controlling the increase in manganese concentration in pore aquifers. High-manganese groundwater in fissured aquifers may have been affected by low-oxygen domestic sewage leakage accompanying urbanization and industrial wastewater leakage and infiltration accompanying industrialization. The pore high-manganese groundwater was controlled by reduction conditions, and the weakly acidic environment of fissure and karst high-manganese groundwater was the important influencing factor. In the past 10 years, the groundwater environment in the study area has been improving, and the increase in groundwater redox potential and pH was not conducive to the formation of high-manganese groundwater, which was also the main cause of the overall decrease in Mn2+ concentration in groundwater of different types of aquifers in the process of urbanization.

Manganese in Groundwater in South Asia Needs Attention.

Manganese in Groundwater in South Asia Needs Attention.

Arsenic, iron, and manganese in groundwater and its associated human health risk assessment in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh.

This study investigated groundwater pollution and potential human health risks from arsenic, iron, and manganese in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Study results show that the mean value of groundwater pH is 7.25 ± 0.31, with a mean conductivity of 633.94 ± 327.41 μs/cm, while about 73, 97, and 91% of groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard limits for As, Fe, and Mn, respectively. Groundwater pollution evaluation indices, including the heavy metal pollution index, the heavy metal evaluation index, the degree of contamination, and the Nemerow pollution index, show that approximately 97, 82, 100, and 100% of samples are in the high degree of pollution category, respectively. Spatial distribution exhibited that the study area is highly exposed to As (73%), Fe (82%), and Mn (46%). In the case of non-carcinogenic health risk via oral exposure, about 94% of samples suggest a high category of risk for infants, and 97% of samples are found to be at high risk for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic via an oral exposure pathway suggests that approximately 97% of the samples are found to be at high risk for infants, and all of the samples are at high risk for both adults and children.

Removal Performance and Mechanism of the Dissolved Manganese in Groundwater Using Ultrafiltration Coupled with Ha Complexation

Removal Performance and Mechanism of the Dissolved Manganese in Groundwater Using Ultrafiltration Coupled with Ha Complexation

Occurrence, distribution, and prediction of iron and manganese in groundwater of opencast mines: an example from Inner Mongolia, China.

Based on the geological and hydrologic data, the generation, enrichment, and transportation of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) ions in Yimin open-pit mining area were investigated using water quality analysis of groundwater samples, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) principal component analysis, and geostatistics analysis by Geographic Information System (GIS). The water quality test results showed that the groundwater of this area was mainly the Na-Ca-HCO3 type, and the content of Fe and Mn ions significantly exceeded the national standard. The groundwater in the mining area was strongly affected by human activity, deep groundwater mixing effect, and water-rock interaction associated with mining activities. It was also found that Fe and Mn in the research area had a large variation in spatial distribution. On the whole, Fe and Mn ion concentrations found in the groundwater to the north of the research area were higher than those in the south area, with the mining area as the dividing line. The removing of non-mineral layer and the draining of gushing water in the mining area resulted in the formation of a water funnel and the strengthening of an effect between each aquifer. The change of hydrogeological and redox conditions in the mining area promoted the dissolution of Fe and Mn in soil and stratum and migration in groundwater.

An integrated toolkit using multiple methods for determining the potential sources of iron and manganese in groundwater: a case study from the lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia

An integrated toolkit using multiple methods for determining the potential sources of iron and manganese in groundwater: a case study from the lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia

Natural sources of iron and manganese in groundwater of the lower Kelantan River Basin, North-eastern coast of Peninsula Malaysia: water quality assessment and an adsorption-based method for remediation

Natural sources of iron and manganese in groundwater of the lower Kelantan River Basin, North-eastern coast of Peninsula Malaysia: water quality assessment and an adsorption-based method for remediation