Extraction Of Manganese Research Articles

Selective Extraction of Transition Metals from Spent LiNix Coy Mn1-x-y O2 Cathode via Regulation of Coordination Environment.

The complexity of chemical compounds in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) results in great difficulties in the extraction of multiple transition metals, which have similar physicochemical characteristics. Here, we propose a novel strategy for selective extraction of nickel, cobalt, and manganese from spent LiNix Coy Mn1-x-y O2 (NCM) cathode through the regulation of coordination environment. Depending on adjusting the composition of ligand in transition metal complexes, a tandem leaching and separation system is designed and finally enables nickel, cobalt, and manganese to enrich in the form of NiO, Co3 O4 , and Mn3 O4 with high recovery yields of 99.1 %, 95.1 %, and 95.3 %, respectively. We further confirm that the combination of different transition metals with well-designed ligands is the key to good selectivity. Through our work, fine-tuning the coordination environment of metal ions is proved to have great prospects in the battery recycling industry.

Selective Extraction of Transition Metals from Spent LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 Cathode via Regulation of Coordination Environment

AbstractThe complexity of chemical compounds in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) results in great difficulties in the extraction of multiple transition metals, which have similar physicochemical characteristics. Here, we propose a novel strategy for selective extraction of nickel, cobalt, and manganese from spent LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (NCM) cathode through the regulation of coordination environment. Depending on adjusting the composition of ligand in transition metal complexes, a tandem leaching and separation system is designed and finally enables nickel, cobalt, and manganese to enrich in the form of NiO, Co3O4, and Mn3O4 with high recovery yields of 99.1 %, 95.1 %, and 95.3 %, respectively. We further confirm that the combination of different transition metals with well‐designed ligands is the key to good selectivity. Through our work, fine‐tuning the coordination environment of metal ions is proved to have great prospects in the battery recycling industry.

Development of chemometrics-based neurocomputing paradigm for simulation of manganese extraction using solid-phase tea waste

Development of chemometrics-based neurocomputing paradigm for simulation of manganese extraction using solid-phase tea waste

Efficient Extraction of Manganese from Low-Grade Pyrolusite by a Sawdust Pyrolysis Reduction Roasting-Acid Leaching Process

Efficient Extraction of Manganese from Low-Grade Pyrolusite by a Sawdust Pyrolysis Reduction Roasting-Acid Leaching Process

Recovery of Ti from titanium white waste acid with N1923 extraction and leaching of low‐grade pyrolusite using raffinate

AbstractTitanium dioxide industry produces a large amount of titanium white waste acid every year. In this work, to make full use of and recover valuable components in titanium white waste acid, a processing for recovery of Ti from titanium white waste acid with N1923 extraction and leaching of low‐grade pyrolusite using raffinate was proposed. After a two‐stage countercurrent extraction, 99.93% Ti was extracted, while 6.51% Fe, .11% Mg, .06% Mn, and .08% Al were co‐extracted under N1923 concentration of 25% and phase ratio (O/A) of 2/1. The scrubbing efficiency of iron reached 98.53%, while the loss efficiency of titanium was only .94% with 1.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution under the phase ratio of 1/1. Then, the Ti‐loaded organic phase could be effectively stripped by .8 mol/L ammonia water; the single‐stage stripping efficiency of titanium was 99.23%. Subsequently, the raffinate could be used for the extraction of manganese from low‐grade pyrolusite. The leaching efficiency of manganese was 99.39% at the S/L ratio of 48.00 g/L, leaching temperature of 50°C, and leaching time of 40 min. In addition, thermodynamic calculations revealed that the titanium extraction process by N1923 from titanium white waste acid was an exothermic reaction. The proposed approach is suitable for co‐recovery of titanium from titanium white waste acid and manganese from low‐grade pyrolusite.

Extraction kinetics of cobalt and manganese with D2EHPA from lithium-ion battery recyclate

The separation of manganese from cobalt sulfate solutions is crucial in the field of spent lithium-ion battery recycling. A membrane-based microreactor is used to reveal required mass transfer characteristics as is diffusion and chemical reaction. The dependence of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) concentration, pH, and metal ion concentration on the extraction efficiency are investigated. A back-reaction term is introduced giving a significant influence on the effective extraction rate even at small metal complex concentrations as initial extraction rates proved to be inaccurate to describe the system. It is shown that the extraction of manganese at a pH of 3.0 is mainly diffusive while the cobalt extraction is strongly kinetically controlled. At a separating pH of 3.9 a good agreement between the model and experimental data is only given if the equilibrium back-extraction rate is considered (deviation less than 5%).

Identification of problems in industrial waste management on the regional level

The article offers a solution to the problem of legal regulation of industrial waste concept and its separation from the general concept of waste and industrial waste management due to delegated competences on national, regional, and local levels of the current administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine. The main sources of generation/accumulation of large industrial waste volumes are outlined. The article reveals that they include the mining and career development enterprises in the Donetsk-Dnipro area and Lviv-Volyn coal basin, as well as processing industry enterprises, and to a lesser extent, energy, gas, steam, conditioned air, and water supply and sewerage enterprises. In sectoral breakdown, the enterprises are from mining, mining-chemical industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical, petrochemical, and allied industries, machinery and metal processing, forestry and wood processing, food and light industries, and energy. Based on the results of the research, the ranges of areas of industrial waste accumulation in organized storages/landfills and the territory of enterprises are outlined, divided into classification groups, and mapped. The article reveals that the shares of industrial waste accumulation by economic entities in mining and career development within the Donetsk coal basin and Dnipro brown coal basins and extraction of manganese and iron ores in their total volumes in Ukraine are the highest. The share in Poltavska oblast amounts to 99.16 %, Kirovohradska – 97.04 %, Dnipropetrovska – 90.16, and Donetska – 62.23 %. The article of the regional operator of industrial waste management system selected by competition regardless of ownership form is substantiated. Currently, the regional strategies of responsible natural resources management by introduction of innovative environmental technologies in production and minimization of the industrial waste generation and environmental threats risk reduction are the top priority.

EXTRACTION OF MANGANESE FROM MANGANESE ORES BY ELECTROCHEMICAL LEACHING

The basis of the traditional technology of hydrometallurgical processing of manganese ore is the process of ore roasting. The results obtained in this article make it possible to exclude the roasting process and directly leach the crushed ore under the action of an electric current. The process of electrochemical leaching includes two simultaneous operations: reduction of hard-soluble higher manganese oxides (pyrolusite - MnO2, vernadite - MnO2- nH2O) in an acid medium and transition of reduced manganese into an aqueous solution. The main part of the reduction process of higher manganese oxides proceeds in the Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ catalytic system, the remaining part proceeds at the cathode under stirring. The degree of influence of iron (III) ions was determined. During studies on the transfer of manganese into solution from manganese ore by electrochemical leaching, the influence of L:S: ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, and cathodic current density on the degree of manganese extraction were studied. As a result of electrochemical leaching studies in the presence of the catalyst system, Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ under optimal electrolysis parameters the degree of manganese extraction was 99%.

Поведение ниобия, марганца и фосфора при восстановительном обжиге редкоземельно-редкометалльных руд Чуктуконского месторождения

The article examines research on high-temperature reducing roasting of rare-earth-rare metal ores of the Chuktukon deposit. The effect of process temperature and consumption of reducing agent (coke) on distribution of niobium, manganese and phosphorus between metal and slag phases was studied. It was shown that a decrease in coke consumption in the range of 15–19 % promotes an increase in the extraction of niobium and manganese into the slag phase, while the reduction of phosphorus to metal increases with an excessive consumption of the reducing agent.

Leaching kinetics of manganese from pyrolusite using pyrite as a reductant under microwave heating

• Microwave heating was applied to the hydrometallurgical reduction leaching of pyrolusite. • Compared with conventional heating, microwave heating could improve manganese leaching rate and save energy. • The reduction leaching kinetics behavior of pyrolusite by microwave heating was studied. Microwave heating was applied to leaching of manganese from pyrolusite using pyrite as reductant. The leaching parameters on manganese extraction, such as mass ratio of pyrite and pyrolusite, H 2 SO 4 concentration, liquid to solid ratio, reaction temperature, were investigated. The results displayed that under the optimum parameters of mass ratio of pyrite and pyrolusite of 0.25, H 2 SO 4 concentration of 1.6 mol/L, liquid to solid ratio of 10 ml/g, reaction temperature of 353 K, the leaching time of 3 h, Mn extraction rate reached 93.03%. Under the same conditions, Mn extraction rate was only 75.84% by conventional heating, The Mn leaching rate obtained by microwave heating was 17.19% higher than that obtained by conventional heating. Moreover, the leaching data was successfully verified based on unreacted shrinking core model. A shift in the rate control step was found. The leaching rate control step was determined by surface chemical reaction within 0 ~ 100 min and by diffusion through product layer within 100 ~ 180 min, respectively, the apparent activation energy was 30.95 kJ/mol and 53.03 kJ/mol, separationly, and the apparent rate equation was respectively expressed as: 1 - 1 - r 1 / 3 = 46.71 m F e S 2 / m M n O 2 0.7154 H 2 S O 4 0.3042 V L / M S 0.7821 e x p - 30950 / R T t 1 - 3 1 - r 1 - r 1 2 / 3 + 2 1 - 1 - r r - r 1 1 / 3 = 387000 m F e S 2 / m M n O 2 1.4498 H 2 S O 4 0.6093 V L / M S 1.2043 e x p - 53030 / R T t

Manganese recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries via solvent extraction

• Recycling of spent LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 (NMC) active material from lithium ion batteries. • Continuous extraction of manganese from synthetic leaching solution with 100 g/L D2EHPA. • Correlations for Sauter mean diameter and holdup. • Mass transfer for cobalt, manganese and nickel in a disc and doughnut column. • Influence of feed pH value on selectivity and extraction yield. Solvent extraction of manganese was performed in a lab-scale DN50 pulsed disc and doughnut column. Optimal conditions for hydrodynamics and mass transfer were evaluated for the separation of manganese from cobalt and nickel with 100 g L -1 D2EHPA (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) as a liquid ion exchanger. In performance tests with 0.01 mol L -1 MnSO 4 solution a maximum extraction yield of 94% was achieved at a phase ratio of 1.2 and a pulsation intensity of 3.2 cm s −1 . Statistical analysis showed that the column loading (12 and 24 m h −1 ) had no significant influence on the extraction performance. The feed was a synthetic leaching solution likewise from active material of spent Li-NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) ion batteries. It consisted of an equimolar solution of 0.01 mol L -1 cobalt, manganese and nickel sulfate. Highest extraction yields of manganese 84% resulted at a feed pH of 2.7 or higher. At a pH of 2.2 the selectivity had its maximum at 40 and 22 for Mn to Ni and Mn to Co, respectively. A feed pH of 2.7 is recommended for optimum extraction performance and selectivity.

Ferroalloy production from ferrosilicon manganese dusts

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of time, the amount of steel shavings and coke on the electric melting of ferrosilicon manganese dusts to obtain a ferroalloy. The research was carried out by the method of rotational planning of the second order (Box-Hunter plans) and by electric smelting of dust in laboratory ore-thermal arc furnace. Dust from the production of ferromanganese by LLP Taraz Metallurgical Plant, coke and steel shavings were used during the research. It was determined that to achieve αSi≥70%the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke and 8.1-9% steel shavings from the mass of dust for 55.8-60 minutes, to achieve αMn in an alloy of 80-85% the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke, 5.7-9.0% steel shavings for 41.2-54.4 minutes. When melting the charge containing 75.2% of dust, 18.8% of coke, 6% of steel shavings, within 60 minutes the weight of the ferroalloy was 258 g (38.8% of the weight of the charge or 51.6% of the weight of dust). The degree of extraction of manganese into the alloy was 82.3%, silicon - 66.1%. The resulting ferroalloy belongs to ferrosilicon manganese of the FeMnSi12 grade.

Separation of zinc and iron from secondary manganese sulfate leachate by solvent extraction

Purification of concentrated manganese sulfate solution by solvent extraction is discussed in this paper. The use of bis(2-ethylhexyl)hydrogen phosphate(D2EHPA) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (BTMPPA) was studied in removal of impurities from zinc electrowinning anode sludge leachates. Over 99% of zinc and iron were removed by both extractants at around pH3 in two mixer-settlers operating in continuous countercurrent mode at a solvent-to-feed (S/F) ratio of 0.43 and T = 22 ± 1 °C. BTMPPA had higher selectivity for zinc and iron over manganese than D2EHPA under all experimental conditions. Extraction of manganese was typically below 10% and can be limited by crowding the extractants, since the fraction of manganese in both loaded extractants was decreased by decreasing organic to aqueous volumetric ratio (O/A). A significant amount of the co-extracted Mn was recovered by selective stripping with 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Extraction by BTMPPA was more sensitive to pH adjustment than extraction by D2EHPA. Increasing the mean residence time in mixer from 3.6 min to6.0 min improved the removal of zinc and iron with BTMPPA but the change in residence time had little or no effect on zinc and iron removal with D2EHPA.

Anaerobic reductive bioleaching of manganese ores

The increasing demand of manganese in the industries and various hindrances in its production from low grade ores by conventional method has made it imperative for researchers around the world to develop a method of manganese extraction from low grade ores that is both environment-friendly and economical. Bioleaching has shown significant potential in manganese extraction and efficiencies of extraction have been found to be 70–98% with the help of various bacteria and fungi.This study focuses on extraction of manganese with the help of mixed bacterial strains that have been collected from their natural anaerobic environment where manganese reducing activity was evident. The extraction of manganese from reagent grade manganese dioxide and high grade manganese ore has been studied over 180 days in an anaerobic environment at room temperature and pH around 5, without the addition of any mineral acids. Highest concentrations of dissolved manganese have been found to be 928.58 mg Mn/L for reagent grade manganese dioxide and 864.54 mg Mn/L for ore grade manganese, corresponding to 650 mg and 400 mg of cumulative manganese, respectively.

Application of saponified D2EHPA for the selective extraction of manganese from spend lithium-ion batteries

Solvent extraction is used for the selective extraction of manganese from an industrial leaching solution based on active material from spent lithium-ion batteries. As solvent 100 g L−1 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) diluted in Isopar L and an addition of 5 vol% tributyl phosphate is used. D2EHPA is well studied for the separation of manganese from cobalt and nickel but no data can be found on the influence of saponification. The influence of the saponification degree on the extraction yield and selectivity is investigated for two extraction stages. An overall extraction yield of 98.7% is achieved. 40% saponified D2EHPA for the first and 20% for the second stage at a phase ratio of 2.33 shows the best performance in terms of extraction yield and selectivity. The saponification influences the pH shift during the extraction from initial 2.8 to 3.4.

Hydrometallurgical enrichment of polymetallic and ferromanganese ore

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of leaching of polymetallic manganese-containing and ferromanganese ore. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies on enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials made it possible to determine the main technological parameters of the extraction of manganese, iron and non-ferrous metals, and to develop technological schemes for enrichment of various types of manganese-containing raw materials. The studies were carried out for polymetallic and ferromanganese ores of the Kaigadat deposit, the Selezen deposit, the Sugul site, located in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. Before carrying out laboratory studies, the authors have performed thermodynamic analysis of ore leaching, chemical and X-ray structural analyzes of the samples. Laboratory tests were carried out on a multichamber autoclave unit MKA-4-75 using calcium and iron chlorides as solvents. Since the introduction of a reducing agent into the charge during leaching significantly improves the conditions for dissolution of oxides and hydroxides of manganese in calcium chloride, a series of experiments was conducted with the use of charcoal in the charge. Thermodynamic calculations have shown that the leaching process is fully implemented in the temperature range from 323 to 673 K. The results of the experiments confirmed the theoretical research results. The obtained data allowed the authors to propose a technological scheme for hydrometallurgical enrichment of polymetallic and ferromanganese ores to produce high-quality concentrates. All processed products are suitable for use. The use of optimal technological parameters of enrichment allows 95–97 % of manganese, up to 80 % of nickel, up to 99 % of cobalt, and 96–98 % of iron to be extracted from polymetallic manganese-containing raw materials. As a result of the deposition of these elements, high-quality concentrates of manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt are obtained. According to the proposed technological scheme for ferromanganese raw materials with a high content of silicates, it is possible to obtain high-quality concentrates of manganese and iron, while the extraction of manganese is 90–92 %, and of iron – 86–90 %.

Selective extraction of cobalt, manganese and zinc from the filter cake of the zinc processing plant

In the process of electrolytic extraction of zinc, by adding potassium permanganate to the pregnant leaching solution, cobalt precipitate is obtained for separation by hot filtration process. In this study, zinc, cobalt and manganese metals in hot filtration cake were isolated in two selective leaching steps. The studied parameters in each dissolution were experimentally designed with the response level method and the results were analyzed. The second degree model was in good agreement with the experimental data. The results showed that at pH = 1 and 90 ° C, about 88% of zinc without cobalt and manganese was recovered. In the selective leaching stage of cobalt, cobalt was extracted significantly (91%) by adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the acidic leaching system at pH <1. By redistribution of the extracted cobalt ions and selective leaching with H2O2, a solution containing high purity cobalt ions was obtained. This proposed method with modifications can be used to extract value added from similar wastes.

Enhancement of manganese extraction in a biochar-enriched bioleaching column with a mixed culture of indigenous bacteria

Abstract. Retnanimgrum E, Wilopo W, Warmada IW. 2021. Enhancement of manganese extraction in a biochar-enriched bioleaching column with a mixed culture of indigenous bacteria. Biodiversitas 22: 2949-2955. Biochar can improve manganese ore extraction during bioleaching by inducing redox reactions and providing a porous matrix for bacterial attachment. In this research, the effect of variations in biochar concentration on the performance of a bioleaching column with a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus sp. KL3 and Bacillus niacini KB3B1 were studied comprehensively for 30 days. Addition of 0.4% biochar resulted in 89% manganese extraction. Bioleaching with biochar promoted the oxidation of sulfur and yielded high sulfate concentrations, much better pH, and excellent oxidation–reduction potential conditions. The bacteria in the mixed culture survived and adapted to the extreme column environment by releasing extracellular polymeric substance, as evidenced by the sharp increase in the content of the material in the column to 135.7 mg/g over 30 days of incubation. The synergistic effect of the bacteria in the mixed culture greatly contributed to the mechanism of manganese extraction in the column, as indicated by changes in relative bacterial abundance, which is related to bacterial community succession during bioleaching. The relative abundance of B. niacini KB3B1 gradually increased and peaked at 30% over 9 days of measurements. By comparison, the abundance of Acidithiobacillus sp. KL3 first decreased over 9 days of bioleaching and then increased to a maximum of 80% in the final stages of the process. This finding reveals that biochar addition could enhance the mechanisms of bioleaching and improve the yield of manganese extraction.

Smelting of metallic manganese and manganese alloys in the gas-oxygen refining converter

The purpose of the work is the substantiation and development of technological solutions for smelting metallic manganese and its alloys based on the duplex technology "arc electric steel-smelting furnace-converter of gas-oxygen refining." Methods: thermodynamic analysis by stage reactions and phase transformations of starting substances involved in chemical reactions; laboratory and industrial research; chemical analysis. Scientific innovation: when converting low-phosphorous manganese slag and involving recycled silicomanganese, the possibility of obtaining metallic manganese is shown when pulverized lime is introduced during blowing. The possibility of smelting low-carbon ferromanganese and metallic manganese in the converter of gas-oxygen refining by the silicothermal method is substantiated. Practical value: In semi-industrial and industrial gas-oxygen refining converters, technologies for obtaining low- and medium-carbon ferromanganese and metallic manganese by the silicothermal method and blowing high-carbon ferromanganese with gaseous oxygen have been tested. The silicothermal method provided high productivity, ease of metallurgical redistribution, high manganese extraction, minimal manganese "hits" with evaporation and transition of manganese to slag.

Recovery of Manganese from Ferromanganese Slag by Leaching with Sulphuric Acid

Investigations on extraction of manganese from ferromanganese slag, a waste product from a local ferroalloy industry, were carried out using sawdust as a reducing agent. Leaching of manganese was done with sulphuric acid. The effects of particle size, stirring speed, contact time, acid concentration, temperature and dosage of reductant were studied. Based on the experimental results, the recovery of manganese increased with decreasing particle size. Optimum values of acid concentration, stirrer speed and contact time were obtained for realizing maximum recovery of manganese. With the addition of reductant, there is a significant increase in the yield of manganese.