Mangalore City Research Articles

Putting TB notification into practice among private pharmacies in Mangalore city, India – Did we succeed?

Problem consideredGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading infectious killer after Covid-19 with 1.18–1.43 million deaths in 2022. As per the Global TB Report 2023, an estimated 10.6 million people developed TB in 2022. An estimated 3.1 million cases were missed globally, posing a challenge in breaking the chain of transmission. India is one of the major contributors to the missed cases. Almost 50 % of patients are being treated in the Private sector in India, but fewer are notified to the public health system. This study explored the role of sensitization of pharmacies in TB Case Notification in Mangalore city. MethodsIn this study using a before and after intervention design, the programmatic data was utilized to compare the TB case notifications by the private pharmacies using TB reporting formats for mandatory notification. The intervention was sensitization of the pharmacy owners and pharmacists by a trained field assistant and monthly reminder messages using a social media tool. The data was collected for 2 consecutive quarters October 2019–March 2020 in the prescribed formats. ResultsPost Intervention, there was an increase in the number of pharmacies reporting TB cases from 6 to 14, and prescriptions were being maintained and shared with the District TB Office. An increased number of case reporting was also observed post-intervention. ConclusionIntensified sensitization led to improvement in the reporting mechanism of TB case notification by private pharmacies, though it did not translate into a concurrent rise in notification of TB cases in the district.

Oral Health Status of the Institutionalized Elderly in Mangalore City, Karnataka, South India: Extents, Insights and Action

Oral diseases are progressive and cumulative across the life span and due to this reason, the oral health of the institutionalized elderly is of concern within the realm of geriatric care. An improvement in oral health among the institutionalized elderly will boost their social life, self-confidence, mastication and nutritional status, thereby bringing a positive outlook. To assess the periodontal status, dental caries experience, prosthetic status, and prosthetic need of institutionalized elderly in Mangalore. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dental caries experience, periodontal status, prosthetic status, and prosthetic needs of 143 elderly individuals living in geriatric homes in Mangalore city. The demographic data, periodontal status, prosthetic status, and prosthetic need was obtained using the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form 1997. Dental caries experience was recorded according to the WHO modified DMFT Index. Descriptive statistics was obtained using SPSS version 16. The mean dental caries experience of the study subjects was 8.80. The presence of supra or sub gingival calculus was noted in 44.8 % of the subjects and the presence of a pathological pocket of 4 mm or more was seen in 32 %. About 33 of the subjects did not require any kind of prosthesis in the upper & lower arch. From this survey of the institutionalized elderly population, it was evident that, half of them had supra or subgingival calculus deposits and more than 76.9 % have one or the other need for a prosthesis. Keywords Edentulousness, Elderly inmates, Old age homes, Oral health

A Study on Use of Interdental Brushes among Patients Who are Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: An Epidemiological Survey

Abstract Introduction Maintenance of periodontal health is very important during fixed orthodontic treatment as accumulation of plaque can cause dental challenges that may interfere with orthodontic treatment; hence the present investigation was carried out to examine the knowledge of patients who were using interdental brushes during fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods Total 150 subjects aged 14 to 30 years from Mangalore city were selected. Majority of them were in the age group of 14 to 18 years (39.33%). Overall, 77 females (51.3%) and 73 males (48.7%) who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and had given consent for the participation in epidemiological questionnaire survey were included. Demographic information and use of interdental brushes during fixed orthodontic treatment for maintaining periodontal health were included in the survey. Result Overall, 58% of the participants undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were using interdental brushes, which was statistically significant. The frequency of using interdental brush was 72.4%, 19.5%, and 8.04% daily, weekly, and monthly, respectively. Conclusion The majority of the study participants who sought fixed orthodontic treatment were using interdental brushes daily in order to maintain periodontal health, which was statistically significant. Patient education and motivation was shown to be strongly associated with maintaining of periodontal health among study participants.

IJCM_221A: Assessment of Morbidity Patterns among Bus Drivers in Mangaluru

Background: Bus drivers suffer from musculoskeletal disorders manifested through tension, pain and decreased work capacity, due to the lack in postural variations and long working hours. Objectives: To study the pattern of morbidities among bus drivers and the factors responsible for the morbidities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 bus drivers from Mangalore City were included. The sample size was calculated considering prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders as 70.7%, with 15% relative precision, and 95% confidence interval. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS for windows version 25.0, Armonk, New York, 25.0. Results: Among the 100 participants, 42 complained of one or more perceived musculoskeletal morbidity. The most common musculoskeletal problem was lower back pain (29) and knee pain (29), followed by upper back pain (13) and shoulder pain (9). Hip/thigh pain was the least common (1), followed by neck (3) and wrists/hands (3). Out of the 18 bus drivers with coughs, all of them complained of early morning cough. Clinical assessment revealed reduced visual acuity among 32 subjects, 87% of bus drivers were found to have pre-hypertension and 5% had stage 1 hypertension, 37 were obese and 34 were normal. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal morbidities were found to be the most common among bus drivers, followed by reduced visual acuity.

IJCM_149A: Profile of injuries among children admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore city, South India.

Background: Childhood injuries represent a significant public health concern worldwide, with a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality rates among children. Understanding the epidemiology and patterns of childhood injuries is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the demographic and clinical patterns of childhood injuries among children admitted to Government Wenlock Hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Methodology: A hospital-based retrospective study design was employed, utilizing records of children aged 12 and below who were admitted with injuries during the study period. Data were collected using a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS version 11.5. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed, including age, gender, location of injury occurrence, type of injury, cause of injury, and outcomes. Results: A total of 359 cases of childhood injuries were analysed, with children aged 1-5 years being the most vulnerable age group. Male children experienced a higher number of injuries compared to females. The most common types of injuries were burns and poisoning, with road traffic accidents being the leading cause of injury. Home was identified as the primary location where injuries occurred. Most children were discharged without disability, although a significant number were discharged against medical advice. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and patterns of childhood injuries in Mangalore, Karnataka. The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted prevention strategies, such as increased parental supervision, traffic safety education, and proper storage of hazardous substances, to reduce the burden of childhood injuries. Additionally, efforts should focus on raising awareness among parents about the importance of seeking medical care promptly to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes.

IJCM_142A: Perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among college students of Mangalore city- A cross sectional study

Background: Road traffic injuries remain a significant public health concern, contributing to a rising number of fatalities and hospitalizations, in India. Despite the proven effectiveness of helmets, cultural and practical barriers persist, especially among the youth in India. Objectives: To assess the perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among different college students of Mangalore city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mangalore, Karnataka, focusing college students from selected institutions. Convenience sampling was employed, with a calculated sample size of 270, and data was collected from 273 participants. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and percentages, were performed using SPSS version 11.5. Results: Of the 272 respondents (97.84% response rate), 85.66% were two- wheeler users, with 56.6% regularly using helmets. Full-face helmets were the most common choice, and 43.9% began using helmets following the implementation of helmet laws. Main reasons for non-compliance included concerns about excessive heat, impact on appearance, and handling difficulties. Awareness of penalties for law violation varied, with 53% aware for riders and 33% for pillion riders. While 41.5% deemed the penalty appropriate, 65% believed no one should be exempt from the law. Surprisingly, 45.16% advocated for the abolishment of the law. Conclusion: The study found that helmet usage is primarily driven by safety concerns, but a significant portion only started using them after legislation enforcement. Barriers to compliance included heat discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Despite awareness, a significant proportion expressed a desire for helmet laws’ abolishment, highlighting a complex relationship between awareness and compliance.

Impact of overburden due COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health and work efficacy of doctors in Mangalore city, Dakshina Kannada district -A cross-sectional study

Introduction and Aim: One of the greatest pandemics faced by the world was COVID-19 which has added increased strain and psychological impacts on healthcare workers. This study was conducted to find out the impact of overburden due to COVID-19 on the psychological health of doctors and further to know whether it has affected the services provided by them. Materials and Methods: An information sheet which contained the details regarding purpose and nature of the study, questionnaire and consent form were given to each participant. Data was collected through email, WhatsApp, and physical forms. Depression, anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support were assessed using standard questionnaires. Results: Out of the 205 participants, 9 (4%) had a mild depression, 6(3%) had mild anxiety and 6(3%) had mild stress. Female doctors, those involved in fever clinics and inpatient care of COVID patients had significantly higher scores for depression, anxiety and stress when compared to others. Those involved in ICU care of COVID patients had higher General Self Efficacy (GSE) scores. General Self Efficacy (GSE) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) scores showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: Doctors involved in care of COVID-19 patients at fever clinic and inpatient care had several mental health problems. Hence, they along with female doctors need to be periodically screened for these conditions periodically.

Experiences and coping mechanisms during the quarantine period among the contacts of COVID-19 patients in India

IntroductionThis cross-sectional study was done to determine participants' experiences and coping mechanisms during quarantine. MethodsData were collected using a Microsoft form distributed among the general population of Mangalore city. ResultsOf the 113 participants, 41(36.3%) were quarantined at a hostel or a hotel-turned-quarantine facility. Among them, 48.8% felt that the living conditions were average or poor. 55(48.7%) participants did not disinfect their frequently touched surfaces in the quarantine facility even once a day. 27(23.9%) participants were put under quarantine along with others. 71(62.8%) participants reported anxiety during the quarantine period, which was mainly regarding COVID-19 test results [43(60.6%)]. The information provided regarding preparations required for quarantine was reported as less than adequate by 52(46%) participants. Coping mechanisms were adopted by 64(56.6%) participants. Quality of care in the quarantine period was reported to be poor among 9(8%) participants. It was poor among those >20 years (p = 0.0394), and among female participants (p = 0.01). 43(38%) participants experienced behavioural changes in the post-quarantine period. 41(36.3%) participants lived in constant fear of re-exposure to COVID-19 after completing quarantine. 39(34.5%) participants experienced stigma at their place of work. The post-quarantine experience was unpleasant among 36(31.9%) participants. It was particularly more among those aged 21–30 years (p = 0.01), those from nuclear families (p = 0.042), and those belonging to upper SES (p = 0.0021). ConclusionSeveral incorrect practices and adverse experiences were identified among participants during the quarantine and the post-quarantine period. Address of these issues, and further strengthening of coping mechanisms, is required among the quarantined population.

A Study on Consumer Awareness towards Electronic Shopping with Reference to Mangalore City

A Study on Consumer Awareness towards Electronic Shopping with Reference to Mangalore City

Consumption of News through News Aggregator Applications : A study of Mangalore city

Technological advances in the field of communication is leading to new forms of consumption of news and information. Consumption of news on smartphones is relatively a new phenomenon in today's media landscape. Today, almost every media organization has its own smartphone application to distribute news content to readers. But the rice of news aggregators and their smartphone applications has created a new dimension of news consumption on the portable device. Applications that aggregate news, such as Google News, Dailyhunt, Inshorts, Opera News etc., offer users personalized and up-to-date news from reputed sources. News consumers are turning to news aggregator apps as they provide news from multiple sources on a single platform. Despite the popularity of news aggregator applications in India. The present study tries to find out the impact of news aggregator applications on news consumers and the patterns of news consumption in these applications. Mangalore City of Karnataka state was selected to study the problem. The primary data collected from 220 respondents randomly through structured questionnaire.

Mid-Sea Amputation of a Russian Engineer's Hand, Successful Medical Evacuation by Indian Coastguards and Replantation in Mangalore City: 19-Year Survival.

Mid-Sea Amputation of a Russian Engineer's Hand, Successful Medical Evacuation by Indian Coastguards and Replantation in Mangalore City: 19-Year Survival.

Assessment of carbon sequestration rate and tree diversity in a model urban green cover study using a college campus in Mangalore city

The extant green cover in a 140-year-old St Aloysius College campus in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, was used as a model to study tree diversity and carbon-sequestering rate (CSR), using a non-destructive biostatistics-based method. The results of the study indicated that the campus constituted a highly diverse tree flora with a Shannon Diversity index of 4.07. A total of 169 different tree species were found on the campus with an average population size of 9.98 per species. The green cover of 4.67 ha of the total area of the campus had a tree density of 361.03 trees/ha. Five tree species, namely Polyanthia longifolia, Cocos nucifera, Tectona grandis, Terminalia catappa, and Areca catechu, dominated the area. Using allometric equations, the total green cover in the campus area with biomass of 4594.6 Kg, which sequestered 8431.1 Kg of carbon at a carbon sequestration rate of 84.31 Kg per year was deduced. Olea europaea and Phoenix dactylifera, with the highest CSR of 0.09 and 0.08, respectively, were the most effective in sequestering 12.54 Kg and 11.19 Kg of carbon. The highest amount of Carbon sequestered (CS) per tree was in Olea europaea (12.54 Kg) and Phoenix dactylifera (11.19 Kg), followed by Acacia auriculiformis (10.44 Kg), and Adenanthera pavonina (10.08 Kg). It was observed that the amount of carbon sequestered decreased with the decrease in tree girth.

IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS AT PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS - A CASE STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO MANGALORE CITY

This studys main focus is on how employee turnover affects students academic achievement at several private secondary schools in Mangalore city. This study is based on Abraham Maslows humanistic theory of needs, which holds that an individuals behavior at work is influenced by their needs at any given moment. When people work at a job that does not provide them with the necessary empowerment to fulfill their requirements, they will be forced to leave that job in search of one that does. To collect the data for this research, the researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study discovered that pupils academic performance is negatively impacted by labour turnover. The study also revealed that a lack of availability of qualified substitute teachers among educational institutions leads to a slowdown in students academic activities caused by labour turnover. This development has the ability to hinder students academic advancement. In order to encourage educators to work for the schools over a long time, the study suggests that teachers receive competitive pay. This will enable uninterrupted instruction and learning activities. KEYWORDS: Education, Students, School, Teachers, Salary, Labour, Turnover

Green Banking Services Offered by Public and Private Sector Banks – A Comparative Study with Special Reference to Mangalore City.

Green Banking Services Offered by Public and Private Sector Banks – A Comparative Study with Special Reference to Mangalore City.

Women In Politics - Challenges And Prospects: A Study On Elected Women Representatives In Mangalore City Corporation At Dakshina Kannada District In Karnataka

Women In Politics - Challenges And Prospects: A Study On Elected Women Representatives In Mangalore City Corporation At Dakshina Kannada District In Karnataka

Workplace Stressors, Levels of Burnout Among Faculty in Educational Institutions – A Case Study

Purpose: The study aims to assess the prevalence and severity of burnout among faculty in educational institutions, identify specific stressors contributing to it, and develop targeted interventions and support systems to mitigate burnout and improve well-being. The findings highlight the prevalence of work stress among faculty, varying in intensity and frequency, emphasizing the need for effective interventions and support systems to alleviate stress. The study recommends implementing stress management programs and providing support for faculty in educational institutions to effectively address work-related stress. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study investigates workplace stressors and the levels of burnout among faculty members in educational institutions. Using a well-structured questionnaire, data was collected from 40 faculty members working in undergraduate colleges located in Mangalore City, Karnataka State. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: a) Socio-Demographic Information, and b) Level of Occupational Burnout. A representative sample of faculty members from different educational institutions was selected. The determination of the sample size is guided by statistical power calculations, aiming to guarantee sufficient representation and applicability of the study's findings. Findings: The overall findings indicate that work stress is prevalent among faculty members in educational institutions. The survey reveals that a significant number of respondents frequently or sometimes feel physically exhausted, find it difficult to meet work schedules, and perceive their job as tedious. Additionally, a considerable proportion of participants experience anxiety related to their work. On the positive side, the majority of respondents reported receiving cooperation from their colleagues and feeling enthusiastic at work. However, a notable portion of faculty members expressed dissatisfaction with their returns. The results imply a necessity for implementing interventions and support mechanisms to effectively tackle work-related stress and promote job satisfaction among faculty in educational institutions. Originality/Value: The originality of this study lies in its examination of workplace stressors and burnout specifically among faculty members in educational institutions. While previous research has explored burnout in various professions, this study focuses on the unique context of educational faculty. Furthermore, the study contributes to the field by identifying specific stressors that contribute to burnout in this specific population and proposing targeted interventions and support systems tailored to the needs of faculty in educational institutions. Overall, the study's originality lies in its contribution to the understanding of burnout in the educational setting and its potential impact on faculty well-being. Paper Type: Case Study.

Demography: A Case Study of Mangalore City

Demography: A Case Study of Mangalore City

Examining the Effectiveness of Virtual Training under the Kirkpatrick Model: A Post-COVID Study

Teaching and training through online tools were used by most Higher Education Institute (HEIs) worldwide during COVID-19 to cater to the needs of students who stay far away from educational institutions. After the pandemic, the virtual model of education and training became a trend. The students and teachers are also more used to this trend which is giving more opportunities to both learners and instructors. One of the notable benefits of virtual teaching and learning platform is that it provides a flexible environment to gain knowledge, skills, and attitude simultaneously along with formal off-line education. From the earlier studies it is found that the majority of studies have focused on traditional, offline training methods and only a few studies have focused on virtual training. Therefore, the present study examined the effectiveness of virtual training using the Kirkpatrick model. For this purpose, a research instrument based on the Kirkpatrick model was constructed and distributed among the UG and PG students in Mangalore City. A total of 143 responses were collected, of which 132 were completed responses and all of them were considered for analysis. Descriptive statistics and one sample t-test are employed to analyse and interpret the data. The findings revealed that virtual training is more effective compared to traditional and offline training methods. Henceforth, the training and education provided through virtual platforms made significant contributions to the employability of youngsters.

EXPLORING AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT IN THE STOCK MARKET: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS

The stock market is an important instrument to measure the economic condition of a country. It is referred to as the heartbeat of the economy or economic mirror, reflecting the state of a nation's economy and is the secondary market where investors can buy or sell shares publicly. The core and important aspect of the securities market is thought to be investors. As a result, their education and knowledge are critical to reviving and maintaining interest in the securities market. Financial literacy and information needs are critical to understanding Money and financial services in their various forms, functions, and application. This current research aims to examine the perceptions of the general public, specifically among the younger demographic, regarding stock market investments. The study centers on the analysis of data collected through an online survey, which targeted students using a well-structured questionnaire. The participants were chosen through a process of simple random sampling. The survey received approximately 100 responses from individuals residing in Mangalore City. KEYWORDS: Stock market, participation, awareness

SPATIAL MAPPING OF TRAVEL INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ROAD CONNECTIVITY

Abstract. Roads play a crucial role in the urban spatial structure. A place's development and growth depend on the road network connectivity and accessibility being the socio-economic and transportation carrier. It involves the mobility of people and goods from one place to another. The choice of mode of travel depends on the living standards, connectivity, and vicinity to the work area. The study uses satellite data to analyze road network connectivity using the connectivity indices of Mangalore City Corporation, a port city in India. The connectivity indices alpha, beta, gamma, and eta showed the Area's good connectivity with proper roads and interconnectivity. Using Dijkstra's algorithm, the least cost path is identified on which the spatial mapping of the travel information is made. The travel information raster served the commuter in knowing the time, distance, and cost of modes from all possible origins to each city center. Specifically, it serves as the base map for bus routes, their cost, and travel time for significant city bus stations. The cost of travel, Duration, and distance information is mapped for two-wheeler and four-wheeler commuters. The study used the Modis Land Use Land Cover Data to identify inaccessible road network areas.