Performance Of MANET Research Articles

PENGARUH BUFFER SIZE PADA SISTEM MANET DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SCHEDULING FIFO

MANET or Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a technology in Ad Hoc network that is mobile and its own use is very wide because, nodes-nodes in this network is moving randomly so that the network topology is also always changing. Setting Buffer size with Scheduling method using FIFO can improve the quality of this network. This simulation uses OPNET Modeler 14.5 by comparing the effect of the Buffer Size value change. Buffer Size parameter values will be changed to 20000 bits, 30000 bits, and 40000 bits using 20 nodes. QoS of MANET performance is a method of measuring how good a network is and an attempt to define the characteristics and properties of a service. The results of this study can be seen the value of delay, packet loss and throughput have obtained the appropriate results and already meet ITU standards with the lowest delay value of 1.30 millisecond and the value of throughput with 258,096 bps.

Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Routing Protocols in MANET

Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc networks communicate wirelessly to one another. Nodes of such wireless networks have limited battery capacity and low bandwidth and these nodes incessantly move inside the network causing link failure, frequent topological changes and increased power consumption. In this paper detailed description about various routing issues like energy consumption, link failure and security issues in the context of routing protocols are discussed and suggestion has also been given for improving the performance of MANET.

Improved Enhanced Dbtma with Contention-Aware Admission Control to Improve the Network Performance in Manets

DBTMA relies entirely on RTS/CTS dialogue for un-collided transmission of data. The purpose is to improve the QoS at MAC layer by developing it over 802.11e standard. However, DBTMA does not guarantee real-time constraints without efficient method for controlling the network loads. The main challenges in MANETs include prediction of the available bandwidth, establishing communication with neighboring nodes and predicting the consumption of bandwidth flow. These challenges are provided with solutions using Contention-Aware Admission Control (CACP) protocol. In this paper, the EDBTMA protocol is combined with CACP protocol that introduces bandwidth calculation using admission control strategy. The calculation includes certain metrics like: admission control and bandwidth consumption. To compute the bandwidth of channel, bandwidth utilization and traffic priority is distinguished through dual busy tone is proposed. This operates distinctly on its own packet transmission operation. This CACP mechanism defends the conventional traffic flows from new nodes and based on the measured status information of the channel, it QoS of the admitted flows is maintained. This ensures maximum amount of bandwidth flows accommodated by resources and determines the resources in a system meet the new flow requirements while maintaining existing bandwidth flow levels.

Survey on analysis of energy optimization in MANET routing

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is becoming a priority in everyday life due to its flexibility and scalability in networking. All mobile applications using networks are ready to share and receive data and so they are capable of supporting infrastructure less networks. This leads to become MANET a prominent networking solution worldwide. So the research eyes are now focused on how to improve the MA-NET performance. There are so many aspects to be analyzed to improve the performance of the MANET. Load balancing is such a critical issue to be addressed seriously to attain maximum throughput from the MANET. Effective Load balancing can be attained by disseminating data traffic among the mobile nodes so that the equilibrium of the MANET is not violated. This ensures the stability of the entire network which will result in maximum throughput and fault tolerance. This paper analyses and compare the effect of energy optimization used in various existing methods and how better load balancing is achieved.

Network Coding aware Routing for Efficient Communication in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Existing approach of routing protocols had only partial support towards energy efficiency. However, none of them had focused on considering network coding aware routing to reduce energy consumption. Majority of the existing solutions in literature to improve the communication performance of MANET has focused on minimum cost routing protocols. There are very less significant studies towards network coding in performing routing in MANET system. Therefore, it is totally unknown how network coding could be used to solve such issues. Throughput in wireless networks can be enhanced with the help of network coding. This approach also increases network lifetime in the cases of devices running on battery, such as wireless sensor nodes. Additionally, network coding achieves a reduction in the number of transmissions needed for transmission of a specific message through the network by making energy usage more efficient. Despite its benefits, however, network coding can have a negative impact on network lifetime if it is implemented excessively. Initially, to achieve the goal of improving throughput, reducing energy efficiency by reducing the number of broadcasting transmissions, a network coding model is created in this study and the MANET broadcast based on network coding is improved by the heuristic principle of Ant Colony Optimization. This study proposes the application of a network coding based dominating set approach to traditional routing protocols like adhoc on demand distance vector (AODV) as a solution to this issue. Coding gain of different topologies with different offer loads is evaluated using network coding. We discussed the performance of Alice-bob, cross, X, and wheel topologies using network coding. The study has paid particular attention to the trade-off between selection of paths compatible with network coding and network lifetime. The present study addresses this compromise that demonstrates that networks with energy restrictions are incompatible with the current network coding strategies based on throughput. One routing issue is attributed particular importance, namely, reduction of overall energy usage and improvement of individual node lifetime through effective routing of a series of traffic demands over the network. A range of analytical formulations is put forth to generate an optimal solution for the issue of multi-path routing. Results show that, by comparison to solutions without network coding, the suggested solutions improve energy efficiency while at the same time satisfying the specified lifetime restrictions.

A Three Layered Peer-to-Peer Energy Efficient Protocol for Reliable and Secure Data Transmission in EAACK MANETs

In a wireless adhoc network packets may be dropped due to the high node mobility. This network behavior undermines the network credibility to successfully route messages. Packet dropping may also be due to the presence of malicious nodes. Also, maintaining a viable route for the packets to travel is a greater challenge as it involves discovering a route and maintaining it for the entire session. It is very important to resolve these issues in order to maintain the performance of an EAACK MANET (Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement). The performance of a MANET rests heavily on its successful transmission rate. In order to have a high success rate all of these three issues need to be addressed. We have proposed a protocol (FDCRP) that would incorporate an efficient three layered framework into an EAACK MANET to ensure a high transmission rate. In order to include this framework into EAACK MANETs, the network would be divided into clusters. To manage the high mobility of the nodes and to form clusters faster, we use the node information efficiently. This technique involves the use of fuzzy logic and helps form clusters dynamically. We also incorporate a three tier filtering scheme to isolate the trusted nodes in forming a cluster, as there is a heavy possibility that the cluster nodes or even the cluster head turning malicious in the course of a transmission. The third level of our framework would address the issue of discovering better routes for the packets to reach their destination. This scheme would use the subset of intermediate clusters along the route to deliver the packet successfully to its intended destination. The proposed protocol would be capable of addressing multiple issues in EAACK MANETs thus maximizing the overall performance of the network.

An Efficient routing protocol for MANET

Nodes in MANET are mobile with limited capacities. The nodes are energy constraint in MANET which limits the routing capability of nodes and network lifetime. Therefore to improve performance of MANET, special routing algorithms which can establish energy efficient path to route packets from source to destinations are needed. If the selected route is energy efficient, it can maximize the throughput, minimize delay and can also increase network lifetime. But establishing energy efficient route between source and destination is itself difficult task. In this paper, an effort has been done to increase network lifetime and throughput by proposing a new energy efficient protocol. This protocol provides energy efficient route by considering residual energy of intermediate nodes. This paper shows that proposed protocol improves network lifetime as well as throughput and reduces delay compared to AODV.

Convex Optimized Lagrange Multiplier Based Algebraic Congestion Likelihood for Improved TCP Performance in MANET

Convex Optimized Lagrange Multiplier Based Algebraic Congestion Likelihood for Improved TCP Performance in MANET

Enhanced Detection and Elimination Mechanism from Cooperative Black Hole Threats in MANETs

Malicious node invasion as black hole attack is a burning issue in MANETs. Black hole attacks with a single malicious node is easy to detect and prevent. The collaborative attacks with multiple cooperative malicious node is a challenging issue in security of MANETs as it is difficult to figure out due to its complex and sophisticated mechanism. This study proposed a novel signature-based technique to detect and handle the cooperative black hole attack in MANETs. For this purpose, diverse type of simulation scenarios are used with increasing number of nodes. The parameters such as average throughput, average packet drop, average end to end delay, average processing time and malicious node detection rate are used to measure the impact of signature-based malicious node detection scheme. AODV is used as routing protocol in this study. This study revealed that the performance of MANETs degrades with an increase in a number of malicious nodes. The average throughput of MANETs decreases with increase in average end to end delay and average packet drop. Signature-based malicious nodes detection mechanism is used to counter the cooperative black hole attack. The signature-based technique has enhanced the detection and elimination of cooperative black hole attack in MANETs. This helps in comparatively an increase in average throughput and decrease in packet delay and packet drop.

Proficient algorithms for enhancing topology control for dynamic clusters in MANET

The paper suggest a series of algorithms for improving the topology control for dynamic cluster for MANET. The paper identifies the problem of network capacity and congestion and resolves by solving the NP-hard problem of $$\alpha $$-MOC-CDS based $$\alpha $$-D-equivalence class-MOC-CDS ($$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS) with D-equivalence class. The limitations in $$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS are considered and resolved by introducing the timer based $$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS using initiators with minimum localized information. The approach was improved using optimization in terms of network capacity with optimized $$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS (O-$$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS) using Kiefer–Wolfowitz stochastic approximation algorithm. Congestion and failure-aware O-$$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS (CFA-O-$$\alpha $$-DEC-MOC-CDS) was introduced for eliminating the congestion and avoiding node failures. The experimental results show that the algorithms reduce the effects of congestion and node failure and maintain the overall MANET performance with efficient topology control.

On the packet delivery delay study for three-dimensional mobile ad hoc networks

This paper studies the packet delivery delay performance in three-dimensional mobile ad hoc networks (3D MANETs). Available work mainly focuses on the performance study in two-dimensional MANETs (2D MANETs), which cannot support delay-intensive applications in 3D MANETs. To explore the packet delivery delay performance in 3D MANETs, this paper adopts two-hop relay algorithm with packet replication for packet routing. With such an algorithm, source node can transmit a packet to at most f distinct relay nodes, which then help to forward the packet to its destination node. The algorithm is flexible such that the packet delivery process can be controlled through a proper setting of f. Specially, a general Markov chain theoretical framework is developed to model the packet delivery process under the algorithm in 3D MANETs. Based on the theoretical framework, the closed-form expressions are further derived for mean and relative standard deviation of packet delivery delay. Finally, extensive simulation and numerical results are provided to validate our theoretical models and illustrate the impact of network parameters on packet delivery delay performance in 3D MANETs.

DETECTIONAND PREVENTIONOF MALICIOUS NODE BASED ON NODE BEHAVIOUR IN MANET

The performance of MANET relies on its security. In order to implement MANET network, security issue has to be taken into consideration. As it has been proved by so many studies, MANET is highly vulnerable to so many kinds of attacks due to its characteristics. MANET performance relies completely on the security provided by the network developer. Many researchers are doing research to overcome the loop holes in the security of MANET by implementing lot of techniques and mechanisms. One of the techniques that is used by the researchers is to detect and prevent the malicious node which is based on node behaviours. There is no single security mechanism that can fit to all networks due to scalability and effectiveness nature of MANET. The use of encryption and authentication system are not sufficient because they can be broken easily therefore by giving chances to different kinds of attack to penetrate in the network. A second level of defence is imminently needed in order to improve the network performance. This paper reviews recent research studies that use node behaviour analysis to detect and isolate malicious node from the network. The goal of this review paper is to find out which study is more effective than others.

Analyzing real flows performance in MANET using dynamic queue

In current scenario real traffic demand for multimedia traffic has been increased. I t requires strict QoS. Performance may be degraded due to attacks like flooding request. In this article, we have done extensive analysis of our earlier proposed method, known as Real Flow Dynamic Queue (RFDQ), using several metrics and parameters, in attack and non-attack scenarios, our results demonstrate the performance of AODV-RFDQ is much better then AODV-PQ(Priority Queue), with metrics like delay, packet loss, bandwidth and throughput with different parameter like CBR interval, queue size and simulation time.

Performance Evaluation of Improved Directional Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET’s) popularly uses ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. Past research has identified certain limitations on performance on AODV. This work discusses the results of a new protocol, improved directional AODV (ID-AODV) routing protocol; that has succeeded in improving the performance of MANET’s for energy, delay, packet delivery ratio and overheads as compared with networks using AODV. In ID-AODV, improvements are carried out in both network layer, and data link layer. The directionality is introduced based on hop count of its position from the source. The dual sensing directional media access control protocol is used to eliminate the hidden terminal, exposed terminal, and deafness issue. Participation of nodes in forming route is decided by checking remaining energy level of the node and also checking its load. A modified algorithm is used to reduce the delay. This algorithm reduces the delay by changing the time to live, wait time, and using expanded ring search technique. The simulation results show that the ID-AODV offers improved performance on average Energy consumption in the range of 17–20%, average end to end delay is lower by 61 to 95%, Overheads improved in the range of 10–13%, Jitter 6–21%, link break 43–52%, packet delivery ratio is 6–21% lower as compared to MANETS deploying AODV.

New Modified AODV for MANET

Mobile Communication is a wireless connection between two nodes which is having limited bandwidth and high rate of data disconnnection. So there is a requirement of new MANET routing protocol having low rate message overhead. Hence it is necessary to enhancement the performance of MANET. The reduction of routing overhead decreases the usage of bandwidth of the network. The increase of bandwidth will increase the throught and decrease the latency of the nodes of the network. This Paper proposes the new Routing Protocol which will increase the throughput,reliability and decrease the latency of the network. 1. Introduction:The mobile adhoc network[1] does not have any fixed infrastructure and base station of the network and thats why the name is used.There are many applications for ad-hoc networks like conferencing, emergency services, personal area networks, embedded computing, and sensor dust. A MANET is a network that allows direct communication of two nodes, when radio propagation conditions exist between two nodes. If there is no direct connection between the source and the sink nodes, multi-hop routing is used. In multi-hop routing, a packet is forwarded from one node to another, until it reaches the destination. A routing protocol is necessary in adhoc networks; this routing protocol has to adapt quickly to the frequent changes in the adhoc network topology. Ad-hoc routing protocols are classified into three categories. The first category is Table-driven (Proactive) routing protocols such as DSDV [2], CGSR [3], GSR [4], FSR [5], and OLSR [6]. The second category is on-demand (Reactive) routing protocols such as AODV [7], DSR [8], ABR [9], SSA [10], and TORA [11]. The third category is Hybrid (Reactive and proactive) routing protocols such as ZRP [12] and ZHLS [13].

Multilayered Distributed Routing for Power Efficient MANET Performance

In this paper a new power efficient routing algorithm for MANETs with self-organizing and self-routing features is described and its performance analyzed in different simulation scenarios. The algorithm has the logic of a non-cooperative routing algorithm based on the evaluation of a weight parameter, the latter being a function of properties of the MANET nodes related to the nominal available power and the transmission range. A self-estimation of this weight parameter for each node is introduced in the routing process based on the status and functional history of the node. The routing is based on network layering, formation of service areas in each layer and choice of nodes from these areas to have the functionality of default gateways. The proposed algorithm, named service zone gateway prediction (SZGP), is a hybrid type of routing mechanism, incorporating pre-computed multipath hop-by-hop distributed routing, with a periodically updated hierarchical multilayered structure. The results from the simulation experiments show that the performance of the proposed SZGP algorithm in relation to the basic performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, delay and throughput are similar to those of the well-known AODV algorithm, but in relation to power efficiency the proposed algorithm outperforms AODV significantly. This is due to the fact that such an approach reduces the overall number of broadcasts in the network and ensures a reliable and energy efficient connection by balancing the load among the nodes.

Aging and inflammation in brain plasticity and repair

This paper studies the packet delivery delay performance in three-dimensional mobile ad hoc networks (3D MANETs). Available work mainly focuses on the performance study in two-dimensional MANETs (2D MANETs), which cannot support delay-intensive applications in 3D MANETs. To explore the packet delivery delay performance in 3D MANETs, this paper adopts two-hop relay algorithm with packet replication for packet routing. With such an algorithm, source node can transmit a packet to at most f distinct relay nodes, which then help to forward the packet to its destination node. The algorithm is flexible such that the packet delivery process can be controlled through a proper setting of f. Specially, a general Markov chain theoretical framework is developed to model the packet delivery process under the algorithm in 3D MANETs. Based on the theoretical framework, the closed-form expressions are further derived for mean and relative standard deviation of packet delivery delay. Finally, extensive simulation and numerical results are provided to validate our theoretical models and illustrate the impact of network parameters on packet delivery delay performance in 3D MANETs.

Modeling and Statistical Analysis of Scenario Metric Parameters of Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol

The goal of our work is to establish chosen scenario metric parameters for ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol by both simulation and statistical analysis. In first part of our work, we have carried out simulation of AODV on NS2 under different topological conditions. AODV’s performance for end to end delay, energy consumption and packet delivery rate as a function of area, packet rate and packet size is recorded. Based on evaluation of statistical data & graphs, range of scenario metric parameters at which AODV performs best is chosen. Also, Random topology with mobility is considered as chosen topology for AODV after evaluating performance. Performance of MANET is highly influenced by parametric settings for speed, area, packet rate, packet size. Based on our analysis of goodness of fit, residual and prediction bounds we conclude that the regression analysis equation for performance parameters is acceptable predictive empirical model for the range of values obtained from the experimental data. The simulation results show that our empirical model is capable of producing good estimates as statistical parameters values are well within limits. Therefore, we may infer that for the experimental set up under consideration, the chosen scenario metric parameters are packet rate of 35 packets per second, area 500 m2, packet size 512 bytes. With the range chosen for scenario metric, the performance metric parameters range obtained was, Energy Consumption 0.1–3.2 J, end to end delay 3.2–4.8 ms, PDR 90–100 which demonstrated the capability of predictable and repeatable performance.

Energy Aware Congestion Control Mechanism toward Improving Performance in MANET

Energy Aware Congestion Control Mechanism toward Improving Performance in MANET

A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK (MANET): USING REGRESSION AS DATA MINING APPROACH

With the rapid technological advances in wireless communication and the increasing of usage of portable computing devices, it is expected that mobile ad hoc networks are increasingly developed towards enhancing the flexibility, scalability and efficiency of communication technology. The wireless ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes in which these nodes have the ability to connect each other without backbone infrastructure (i.e. infrastructure less). Although many studies have been done on the performance assessment of MANET routing protocols, there is a need for investigating the impact of traffic load on the performance of MANET in order to justify the use of some routing protocol in MANET. This study is one of the fewest that aims at proposing a new framework towards predicting and validating the results of future scenario using data mining techniques. The regression analysis is used as data mining method in the prediction of the future scenarios. Practically, two experiments with eight scenarios are conducted. The findings indicate that the network size and traffic loads are proportionally related to the throughput. However, the findings show that the network size is inversely related to the delay in case of medium FTP traffic, and proportionally related in case of high FTP traffic. The results also indicate that data mining approach specially regression is an effective approach towards the prediction of the future network behavior. Keywords: MANET; Mobility; Ad hoc network; Prediction model; Regression analysis; Traffic; Delay; Performance metrics.