Mandibular Tumor Research Articles

Immediate Free Iliac Bone Graft After Nonsegmental Mandibular Resection and Delayed Implant Placement

Resection of mandibular tumors without proper reconstruction may lead to unfavorable esthetic and function results. The purpose of this case series was to describe clinical results and a technique to prevent tissue loss using nonvascular iliac grafts immediately following tumor resection and long-term stability of the implants. Three female patients presented with oral neoplasms (2 ameloblastoma and 1 ossifying fibroma). The mandibular reconstruction was performed with nonvascularized iliac grafts simultaneous with tumor removal. Subsequently, 10 dental implants were placed 6 to 9 months after reconstruction and restored. Survival and success of the implants were evaluated. Marginal mandibulectomy in 1 patient and buccal bone resection in 2 patients was performed; the resection sites were reconstructed with an immediate nonvascularized iliac graft. All implants survived and were successful during follow-up periods between 44 and 105 months. Mean marginal bone loss of 10 implants was 0.09 mm. Immediate reconstruction with nonvascularized iliac grafts following tumor resection may be a viable treatment option for nonsegmental inlay osseous defects. In these case series, the resorption of the iliac bone was minimal after 6 to 9 months consolidation periods.

Panostotic Expansile Bone Disease With Massive Jaw Tumor Formation and a Novel Mutation in the Signal Peptide of RANK

Precise regulation of bone resorption is critical for skeletal homeostasis. We report a 32-year-old man with a panostotic expansile bone disease and a massive hemorrhagic mandibular tumor. Originally from Mexico, he was deaf at birth and became bow-legged during childhood. There was no family history of skeletal disease. Puberty occurred normally, but during adolescence he experienced difficulty straightening his limbs, sustained multiple fractures, and developed a bony tumor on his chin. By age 18 years, all limbs were misshapen. The mandibular mass grew and protruded from the oral cavity, extending to the level of the lower ribs. Other bony defects included a similar maxillary mass and serpentine limbs. Upon referral at age 27 years, biochemical studies showed serum alkaline phosphatase of 1760 U/L (Nl: 29-111) and other elevated bone turnover markers. Radiography of the limbs showed medullary expansion and cortical thinning with severe bowing. Although the jaw tumors were initially deemed inoperable, mandibular mass excision and staged partial maxillectomy were eventually performed. Tumor histopathology showed curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone on a background of hypocellular fibrous tissue. Fibrous dysplasia of bone was suspected, but there was no mutation in codon 201 of GNAS in samples from blood or tumor. His clinical and radiographic findings, elevated serum markers, and disorganized bone morphology suggested amplified receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling, even though his disorder differed from conditions with known constitutive activation of RANK signaling (eg, familial expansile osteolysis). We found a unique 12-base pair duplication in the signal peptide of TNFRSF11A, the gene that encodes RANK. No exon or splice site mutations were found in the genes encoding RANK ligand or osteoprotegerin. Alendronate followed by pamidronate therapies substantially decreased his serum alkaline phosphatase activity. This unique patient expands the phenotypes and genetic basis of the mendelian disorders of RANK signaling activation.

The Multiple Osteotomized Free Iliac Osteocutaneous Flap for Reconstructions of Complex Maxillofacial and Oromandibular Defects

The vascularized iliac osteocutaneous flap has been used successfully for jaw reconstruction. To obtain a better contour of the reconstructed area in large upper and lower jaw resections, the transferred bone actually needs to be osteotomized. Single closing-wedge osteotomy of the iliac flap for mandibular reconstruction has been previously described. In this article, the modified multiple osteotomized perforator-based versatile free iliac osteocutaneous flap is described. Eleven cases were enrolled. Seven patients had wide anterior mandibular resections due to oral cavity and mandibular tumors; 3 patients had a defect due to explosive injury and 1 patient had complicated orbitomaxillary defect due to blast injury. Skin paddle was based on the perforators. In 8 patients, the bony segment was divided into 3 segments by 2 osteotomies, whereas in 2 patients the bony segment was divided into 4 segments by 3 osteotomies. In 10 cases, the flap was used for anterior mandibular defects, whereas in 1 case the flap was customized to fit an L-shaped defect at the naso-orbito-maxillary region. The overall flap success rate was 100%. No resorption or morbidity related to the osteotomy of the bony segments was observed. The size of perforator skin paddle was 6 to 8 × 15 to 18 cm. Physical and radiologic examinations showed proper bone healing without any additional complications. The modified multiple osteotomized free osteocutaneous iliac flap can provide a safe and versatile bony segment to be arranged and adapted to reconstruct complex mandibular and maxillofacial defects.

Rhytidectomy Approach for Mandibular Reconstruction With Microvascular Free Flaps After Resection of Mandibular Benign Tumors

Microvascular surgery has become the preferred method for mandibular reconstruction. A neck incision frequently is required for malignant tumor resections to carry out the dissection. The authors suggest a rhytidectomy approach for mandibular reconstruction with microvascular free flaps after the resection of benign tumors. Seven patients with lateral mandibular defects resulting from resection of benign mandibular tumors were treated in the author's department. A combined rhytidectomy approach with an intraoral incision was used for mandibular resection and reconstruction of the defects using vascularized free osseous flaps. The study was comprised of 3 men and 4 women with a mean age of 37.57 years (range, 28 to 50 years). Follow-up ranged from 9 to 87 months after surgery (mean, 56.28 months). The iliac crest was used for reconstruction in 6 patients, whereas the fibula was used in 1 patient. Transient paresis of the marginal nerve was observed in 2 patients. Flap loss occurred in 1 patient and required repeat microvascular reconstructive surgery. Dental rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants was performed in 4 patients. At the end of the follow-up period, successful mandibular reconstruction was achieved in all patients. Functional outcome was regarded as excellent in all patients, whereas esthetic outcome was judged excellent in 6 patients and good in 1 patient. A rhytidectomy approach combined with an intraoral incision for microvascular mandibular reconstruction after the resection of benign tumors is a feasible technique that provides good exposure of the anatomic structures, an inconspicuous facial scar, and adequate facial contour and symmetry. Excellent clinical results are reported with the use of this technique, which should be included in the surgical armamentarium for mandibular reconstruction.

Management of locally aggressive mandibular tumours using a gas combination cryosurgery

This study evaluated the results of curettage followed by cryosurgery using a combination of propane, butane, and isobutane gas for several benign but locally aggressive bone tumours on the mandible. Twenty-nine patients (16 men and 13 women) participated in the study. Patient ages ranged from 6 to 87 years (mean, 23.72 years). Before enucleation and cryosurgery, some patients received prior treatment consisting of marsupialisation to decrease tumour size. Twenty-seven of the 29 patients (93.10%) showed no evidence of clinical or radiographic recurrence after treatment through enucleation and cryosurgery. Wound dehiscence, which was observed in all cases, healed by second intention. The average follow-up period was 70.55 months (range, 53–120 months). These results suggest that enucleation followed by cryosurgery is an effective therapy for managing locally aggressive mandible tumours. In addition, this treatment is a less expensive intervention than more radical procedures.

Experimental study on the behavior of primary human osteoblasts on laser‐cused pure titanium surfaces

Mandibular tumor resection can lead to a mandibular segmental defect. LaserCUSING® is used to produce a mandibular implant, designed to be identical to the shape of the mandibular defect. Novel microrough surfaces result from this generative technology. In the current study, the behavior of human osteoblasts on untreated laser-cused titanium specimens or on specimens conditioned with different blasting agents was analyzed. The conditioning of these specimens resulted in surfaces with graded roughness. White light confocal microscopy and single-cell force spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface of the specimens and to quantify the initial adhesion of primary human osteoblasts to the specimens, respectively. Furthermore, cell growth, viability, apoptosis as well as mineralization of the specimens were analyzed over a time-period of 2 months. Compared to specimens that were treated with blasting agents, untreated specimens had the highest surface roughness. Quantitative SCFS measurements demonstrated that the adhesion of human primary osteoblasts was the highest on these specimens. Additionally, the untreated specimens allowed the highest number of osteoblasts to colonize. Mineralization studies showed increasing calcium and phosphor elemental composition for all specimen series. It can be concluded that untreated laser-cused titanium specimens are superior to promote the initial adhesion and subsequent colonization by osteoblast cells.

Non-smoking non-drinking elderly females: a clinically distinct subgroup of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

There is growing interest in non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). There are, however, few published reports of OSCC in the elderly. We describe a subgroup of elderly NSND patients presenting with OSCC. Patients with SCC of the oral cavity were retrospectively assessed from the Head and Neck Oncology Tumour Stream database of the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Epidemiological and clinical data for 169 consecutive patients were reviewed and analysed. NSND patients were more likely to be females with a higher median age at presentation. They were more likely to have maxillary alveolus tumours and oral tongue tumours, with retromolar or mandibular tumours less likely. Second primary tumours for this subgroup were confined to the oral cavity. NSND elderly females experienced a worse disease-specific mortality. We have identified a distinct subgroup of elderly female patients presenting with OSCC not associated with the traditional risk factors of tobacco and alcohol, who have a worse prognosis. Altered management algorithms may prove beneficial for these patients, and further investigation and genetic analysis are required to delineate the aetiology of these carcinomas.

The presentation and management of mandibular tumors in the pediatric population

To review the presentation and management of malignant tumors of the mandible in children. Case series. Children 0 to 21 years old presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital with a diagnosis of a malignant tumor involving the mandible were included. Comparison groups included children from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with malignant mandible tumors as well as a group of children with benign mandibular lesions from the same institution. Main outcome measures for the institutional malignant group included presentation, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and clinical outcome. Sixteen patients with malignant and 183 patients with benign lesions were identified at the primary institution. The most common presentation in both groups was mandibular swelling or mass. Malignant tumors included sarcoma (n = 11), leukemia/lymphoma (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), malignant spindle cell tumor (n = 1), and yolk sac tumor (n = 1). The national database identified 56 malignant cases, of which 71% were sarcomas. Thirteen patients at our institution (81%) underwent mandibulectomy and 12 were reconstructed using free tissue transfer. Eleven of the 13 (85%) were treated with adjuvant therapy. After an average follow-up of 32.8 months, seven (44%) had no evidence of disease, three (19%) were deceased, three (19%) were alive with disease, and three (19%) were lost to follow-up. Malignant mandibular tumors in children are most often sarcomas but can include other rare lesions. Free flap reconstruction is a reasonable option for even very young children requiring extensive mandibular surgery.

OP226: Maximal mouth opening and trismus in 145 patients treated for oral cancer: A 1-year prospective study

Background Oral cancer patients may suffer from restricted mouth opening (trismus) due to the oncological intervention. Methods Maximal mouth opening (MMO) was measured in 145 patients shortly before and after treatment, after 6 and 12 months and was analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Results MMO decreased shortly after treatment in all patients. Patients who received only surgery showed a partial recovery 6 and 12 months after treatment whereas patients who received primary or postoperative radiotherapy did not. Tumor location, tumor stage and alcohol usage also had an independent effect on MMO. Having trismus 1 year after treatment was most strongly associated with pretreatment MMO, postoperative radiotherapy, mandibular, or maxillary tumor involvement and primary radiotherapy. Conclusions Receiving radiotherapy (primary or postoperative) and maxillary or mandibular tumor involvement are the most considerable risk factors for a decrease of MMO and subsequently for developing trismus after oral cancer treatment.

Coma Blisters in Two Postoperative Patients

Coma blisters are self-limited cutaneous bullae that occur in the setting of loss of consciousness because of a drug, illness, or accident, with the most common settings being barbiturate overdose and neurological disorders. The etiology behind coma blisters is poorly understood and is not related to underlying infections or autoimmune conditions. The clinical presentation consists of bullae, erosions, and violaceous plaques usually involving sites of pressure. The skin lesions usually occur within 48-72 hours of the start of a coma and resolve within 2-4 weeks. We present one case of a 5-month-old infant with severe valvular disease who required surgical repair. He was placed on extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and developed multiple tense coma blisters during the course of therapy. Skin biopsy revealed a noninflammatory subepidermal blister with necrosis of the overlying epidermis and necrosis of the eccrine ducts. We also present a second case of an 18-year-old female patient who underwent surgical resection of a benign mandibular tumor. She subsequently developed bullae on both arms 4 days after surgery. The skin biopsy showed a necrotic epidermis, a subepidermal blister, and diffuse necrosis of the eccrine coils.

Advances in assessing the volume of odontogenic cysts and tumors in the mandible: a retrospective clinical trial

PurposeTo compare two methods of creating three-dimensional representations of mandibular cysts and tumors on the basis of computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data.MethodsA total of 71 patients with acquired jaw cysts took part in this retrospective clinical study. CT and CBCT scans were obtained from all patients and saved in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. Data were analyzed twice with iPlan software. Analysis was performed manually and using an interpolarization algorithm. The accuracy of the two methods in assessing cyst volume was compared.ResultsManual delineation did not provide more accurate results than the interpolarization algorithm.ConclusionThere are no major differences between manual analysis and analysis using the interpolarization algorithm. The use of the algorithm, however, has the advantage of rapidity.

Une douleur dentaire inhabituelle !

Dental pain is a frequent reason for consulting. It may have non-odontogenic causes such as lesions of vascular, neurologic, muscular, or bone structures. The diagnosis and management of this acute or chronic pain syndrome may be difficult. We report a case of atypical dental pain leading to the diagnosis of a plasmocytic mandibular tumor revealing a multiple myeloma.A 50-year-old female patient consulted for dental pain during the 3 previous months. Bilateral mandibular swelling was noted during the clinical examination. Radiological examinations revealed a tumoral process associated with osteolytic lesions. The pathological examinations of biopsy samples revealed plasmocytic proliferation. A myelogram and immunoglobulin electrophoresis supported a diagnosis of multiple myeloma with kappa light chains.Discovering a mandibular tumor with lytic lesions is an indication for an etiological assessment and screening for a blood disease. A mandibular plasmacytoma may be isolated or present as a multiple myeloma, justifying a complete initial assessment. The bone localization of a plasmacytoma is a bad prognostic factor for survival for patients presenting with multiple myeloma.

Mandibular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: Radiographic and pathologic correlation

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare tumor of epithelial origin comprising 3% of all the odontogenic tumors. It is a benign, painless, noninvasive, and slow-growing lesion, with a relative frequency of 2.2-13% and often misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst on clinical examination. AOT affects young individuals with a female predominance, occurs mainly in the second decade, and usually surrounds the crown of unerupted teeth. This lesion is most commonly located in the anterior maxilla and rarely in the mandible. It is usually associated with an impacted canine. AOT frequently resembles lesions like dentigerous cyst or ameloblastoma. AOT has three variants, follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The intraoral periapical radiograph is the best radiograph to show radiopacities in AOT as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with minimal calcified deposits. These calcified deposits are seen in approximately 78% of the lesions. Herewith, we present the report of four unusual cases of AOT located in the mandible, with an emphasis on radiographic findings and on pathologic correlation, and on reviewing the existing literature on this tumor.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome – A case Report

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that involves multiple organ systems, including the skin, skeleton and jaws. We report a case of young female with multiple odontogenic keratocysts, high arched palate, euryopia, palmer pits, solitary, pigmented nevus , areas of hyper-pigmentation in the upper eyelid of left eye, dorsal surface of hands, calcified diaphragma sellae, right 5 th bifid rib & extensive bilamellar calcifications of the falx cerebri. Based on the combination of imaging and clinical findings the diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome was made. Keywords - bifid rib, calcification, Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, OKC, palmer pits. I. Introduction Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare hereditary disorder. It is also called as the fifth phakomatosis due to the presence of multiple cutaneous, skeletal, ophthalmic and neurological abnormalities. Patients have multiple manifestations that include basal cell carcinoma, odontogenic cysts, skeletal anomalies, prognathism, calcification of tentorium and falx. These patients are predisposed to various anomalies and neoplasms. (1,2) We are discussing here the possibility that the current case is an expression of NBCCS and are briefly reviewing the features of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. Our case highlights the importance of the awareness of this rare syndrome especially in young people without any skin lesions. We have seen that it is useful to keep in mind the existence of the syndrome and recognize the presence of some major criteria (odontogenic cysts of the jaw or calcifications of falx cerebri and tentorium) as these are easily recognizable in CT scan of the head and neck thus establishing the diagnosis, and increasing the chances for better overall survival rates. II. CASE REPORT A young patient came to our Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology with a complaint of slowly growing bilateral facial swelling since one year. She gave history of a large sized, unilateral facial swelling of the left side 12 years back and subsequent surgical treatment of the left mandibular tumor under general anesthesia. Excision of the tumor with drainage of pus had done on the left side of mandible. Since last one year, the swellings on both sides had spontaneously developed. The swelling on right side had grown very slowly over a period of last one year and attained the present size while the swelling on left side was observed since 3 months. Patient gave history of dull pain which was localized to the sites of swelling, which preceded and lasted for 10-15 days after which there had been no such episode. Since then, patient gave history of restricted mouth opening associated with onset of swelling. Patient also gave history of intermittent intra-oral yellowish, red discharge from the left side mucosa, leaving behind a metallic taste for 5-7 days. Patient neither gave history of swelling appearing elsewhere in the body nor other changes such as ulcerations, inflammation, paraesthesia. There was no evidence of loss of body weight associated with the appearance of swelling. She gave history of irregular & painful menstrual cycles. Otherwise there was no relevant medical history. Patient was not addicted to any deleterious habits. There was no relevant family history of similar and other types of illnesses.

Osteosarcoma of the jaws: a review of literature and a case report on synchronous multicentric osteosarcomas

BackgroundIn the head and neck region, osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, representing 23% of total head and neck malignancies. Osteosarcomas of the jaws are nevertheless rare lesions, representing only 2 to 10% of all osteosarcomas. This report reviews a single-center histopathology experience with craniofacial osteosarcomas, and reports the management of unusually large synchronous mandibular and maxillary osteosarcomas in a patient.Patients and methodsA search of the hospital pathology database for specimens with a histological diagnosis of osteosarcomas submitted between July 1992 and May 2011 was made. A chart review of a patient with large synchronous maxillary and mandibular osteosarcomas was performed, and is reported.Case presentationA 21-year-old African man with large maxillary and mandibular tumors under palliative care presented with increasing difficulties with eating, speech, and breathing. Surgical debulking was performed, with histology confirming synchronous osteosarcomas of the mandible and maxilla. The patient is well after one year, with no evidence of recurrence, having undergone no further treatment.ConclusionOsteosarcomas of the jaw remain enigmatic, and a number of difficulties related to their diagnosis and treatment are yet to be resolved. True synchronous multicentric osteosarcomas of the jaws are extremely rare but, like other osteosarcomas of the jaws, have a favorable outcome, and palliative resection of such lesions, though challenging, can therefore lead to an enormously improved quality of life and self-image, and may even offer the opportunity for cure.

Fibromatose desmoïde infantile de la mandibule

A desmoid tumor, or aggressive fibromatosis, is a benign fibrous tumor with a high potential for locoregional extension. This tumor is very rarely located in the mandible. A 2-year-old boy presented with an extensive mandibular desmoid tumor. The diagnosis was proved on histological examination. Two years after surgery, there was no recurrence. Aggressive fibromatosis is rarely located in the mandible. The differential diagnosis with malignant tumors is difficult. Surgery is the first-line treatment. However, alternative therapies should be considered, especially in children, to avoid mutilating operations.

Benign paediatric mandibular tumours: Experience in reconstruction using vascularised fibula

The majority of the paediatric oral and maxillofacial tumours are benign and the mandible is involved in one-third of these cases. A review of the literature reveals only a handful of studies pertaining exclusively to benign paediatric mandibular tumours. The basis of this study was to fulfil the need to assess the suitability of major mandibular reconstructions using a vascularised fibular graft in cases of benign tumours in children. From April 1999 to April 2011 we have managed 18 cases of benign paediatric mandibular tumours. All the reconstructions were done using vascularised fibular graft. The age of these patients ranged from 8 to 16 years. The most common pathology seen in our series was Ameloblastoma, followed by Giant Cell Granuloma and vascular malformation. Other cases included fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst and odontogenic myxoma. Five of these were recurrent lesions. The mean length of the fibula harvested was 12±2cm. All the flaps in this series survived. Bone union occurred in all cases by 6 weeks. All the patients have maintained a satisfactory chin contour of the mandible during the follow-up period with minimal distortion occurring secondary to contralateral native mandibular growth in two cases. We conclude that, for benign paediatric mandibular tumours requiring major bone resection, the vascularised fibula is an excellent reconstructive option with the advantages of having a good bone stock, possibility for osteotomy, long pedicle length and potential for growth along with the possibility of dental rehabilitation.

Screw hole-positioning guide and plate-positioning guide: A novel method to assist mandibular reconstruction

Reconstruction plates have been used to bridge discontinuity defects after resection of mandibular tumors for many years. However, shaping and adapting the titanium plate during surgery is time consuming and technique sensitive especially for a large defect or a disease-deformed mandible. In this case report, a method is introduced to assist surgeons in pre-shaping a reconstruction plate before surgery, and with the aid of a position guide and drilling guide, the pre-surgically adapted reconstruction plates can be positioned at the planned position during surgery. This method improves surgical outcomes and decreases operating time.

Case study of a gingival mucous cyst that developed during distraction of the mandible

Mucous cysts occur often and are often treated in a clinical setting. However, gingival mucous cysts are extremely rare. The case of a patient who developed a gingival mucous cyst in an edentulous mandible during distraction of the mandible is described here. The patient was a 78-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the left lower lip and the right mandibular gingiva. The patient had been fitted with a distraction device prior to undergoing dental implant therapy to replace missing teeth. During bone lengthening, a bean-size tumor was confirmed in the gingiva corresponding to the left mandibular premolar region. The tumor was clinically diagnosed as a benign mandibular gingival tumor and was excised surgically. It was then histopathologically diagnosed as an extravasated mucous cyst. The cyst had arisen in the gingiva that developed during distraction of the mandible. Distraction devices are used in patients with trauma-induced alveolar bone defects, among other problems, but caution must be exercised when using a distraction device in a large tissue defect without attached gingiva.

Schwannome du nerf mandibulaire

Malignant schwannoma is a rare peripheral nerve-sheath tumour. It represents 5 to 10% of soft tissue sarcomas according to Grobmyer et al. in 2008 [1]. The cervico-facial localisation is very rare, representing only 1% of mandibular tumours. We report a case of a 64-year-old male patient who developed a malignant schwannoma at the level of the inferior dental nerve. In spite of the initial complete resection of this lesion, the patient has developed a recurrence with a proximal extension. For this reason, he has been transferred to our centre, where we conducted a wide surgical resection, associated with a homolateral neck dissection and postoperative external radiotherapy. After 1 year of follow-up, we did not observe any recurrence. Malignant schwannoma is a rare lesion which develops at the level of the peripheral nervous system sheath. Its cervico-facial localisation is very scarce, and its diagnosis is difficult to establish in spite of a complete radiological examination; definitive diagnosis depends on the histological examination. There is no strict consensus for the management of these lesions, however a wide surgical excision and neck dissection associated with or without postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are the gold standard methods of treatment. The prognosis is usually bad due to the high risk of recurrence, sometimes difficult to diagnose.