Mandibular Lateral Incisors Research Articles

Effect of various orthodontic adhesives on enamel colour changes after fixed treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare enamel colour changes of incisors and canines produced by various orthodontic adhesives following treatment with fixed appliances. The study included 300 maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, and canines of 25subjects who finished fixed appliance treatment. The following adhesives were used according to the manufacturer's instructions: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), KurasperF (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany), Grengloo (Ormco Corporation, Glendora, CA, USA) and Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA). Different adhesives were placed in each quadrant of the subjects. Pretreatment and posttreatment enamel colours were evaluated at the middle third of the buccal surfaces of teeth using the SpectroShade Micro Dental Colour Complete Tooth Analysis SystemTM (MHT International, Verona, Italy). Tooth colour was determined using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* a* b* system, and ∆E values were calculated. Pretreatment and posttreatment intragroup comparison results showed significant decreases in L* and b*, as well as insignificant changes in a* for all teeth. Significantly less enamel colour changes occurred in the KurasperF group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups. Evaluating incisors and canines separately, overall intergroup comparisons were not significant. Enamel colour changes were significantly less only for the canines compared to the incisors in the Transbond XT and KurasperF groups. The ∆E values were 1.83-2.18 and 1.41-1.95 for incisors and canines, respectively. Although statistically less enamel colour changes occurred in the KurasperF group compared with the Grengloo and Light Bond groups, the observed changes were not clinically relevant.

ATYPICAL AND PROMINENT PNEUMATOCYST IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AS AN INCIDENTAL FINDING ON CBCT: A CASE REPORT

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A pneumatocyst is an intraosseous gas collection. Although the etiology remains unclear, it has been associated with several conditions including osteomyelitis, trauma, osteonecrosis, and degenerative disease. They are uncommon lesions, with a reported rate varying from 0.13% to 3.9%. Pneumatocysts are more commonly seen in the sacroiliac joint and less commonly seen in the spinal vertebrae. <h3>CASE REPORT</h3> We present a case of a 61-year-old male patient who was referred for evaluation of the mandibular left lateral incisor for implant placement. Upon radiographic examination using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, we found a prominent well-localized, hypodense entity in the body of C3 as an incidental finding. The size of the entity was approximately 11 mm in height and 6 mm in the antero-posterior dimension. It was the largest pneumatocyst we have recorded in the last 5 years. The radiographic presentation of the entity was concerning for a possible malignant neoplasm. A second opinion was requested from a neuroradiologist from the university hospital, who confirmed that it was consistent with a pneumatocyst. The air density of the lesion was a key feature that helped in the diagnosis. <h3>DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS</h3> The pathophysiology of pneumatocysts is not clear, but it is believed to be related to gas accumulation from the vertebral spaces that extends into the vertebral body. The lesions do not cause any symptoms and are discovered usually as an incidental finding. There are very few case reports of pneumatocyst in the spine in the literature. These lesions can enlarge with time and become fluid-filled and eventually contain granulation tissue. In 2D radiographs they have been mistaken for other aggressive lesions like multiple myeloma and metastases. It is therefore important to have an understanding of the presentation of these entities in CBCT scans. The air density and regular borders are key imaging features that help in the diagnosis.

Cone-beam Computed Tomography Analysis of the Relationship between the Curve of Spee and the Collum Angle of Mandibular Anterior Teeth

To evaluate the correlation between the curve of Spee (COS) of a patient and the Collum angle of mandibular anterior dentition using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of 100 CBCTs of patients divided sagittally into two separate subjects. The Collum angles of the mandibular central incisor, mandibular lateral incisor, and the mandibular canine were measured along with the COS of that quadrant using Dolphin Imaging. A multivariate linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficients were conducted to measure the correlation between the COS and the Collum angle of mandibular anterior dentition. The total number of participants in the cohort was 200 samples out of 100 patients as this was a split mouth study. The mean COS was 2.09 ± 1.239 mm. The mean Collum angle of the mandibular central incisor (L1) was found to be 6.50 ± 3.002 degrees. The mean Collum angle of the mandibular lateral incisor (L2) was 7.19 ± 2.554 degrees and the mean Collum angle of the mandibular canine (L3) was 7.03 ± 2.907 degrees. There was a statistically significant moderate correlation between L1, L2, and L3 and the COS with the Collum angle of the mandibular central incisor most highly correlated to the COS (0.42), followed by the mandibular lateral incisor (0.35) and then the mandibular canine (0.30). There is a statistically significant low to moderate correlation between the COS and the Collum angles of the mandibular anterior dentition.

English

In-depth knowledge of the root canal system is a major prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment.1 The major aim of endodontic treatment is the eradication of infection and prevention of reinfection in canal. However endodontic treatment may fail because of incomplete knowledge about the anatomical variation of root canals. Most of the times the canal remains untreated because of the inability of the dentist to recognize its presence. For good prognosis of the root canal treatment, proper exploration, complete debridement, biomechanical preparation, and filling of root canal system must be done. Therefore, a dentist must be familiar with all the various possible canal configurations.2 Many times, failure of endodontic treatment may occur because the morphological variation of the tooth unfavourably affects the treatment. Pulpal inflammation can occur as a result of many factors like dental caries or trauma which causes tissue necrosis. Periapical tissue eradication develops in response to microbial accumulation and infiltration of their by-products in the periradicular tissues and activates host's immune reaction.3 The following case report presents the non-surgical management of mandibular central and lateral incisors, with each having two separate canals which join together to form a single canal just before exiting the apical foramen. Before starting root canal treatment, a careful radiographic examination should be done to detect the morphological variations in root canal anatomy. This paper describes two clinical cases of mandibular incisors with or without periapical lesion having two canals.

Unusual case report of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandible: 3-years of follow-up

This case report showed an AOT in a 12-year-old female patient referred for orthodontic-surgical of both impacted right mandibular canine and lateral incisor. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a well-defined mixed hyperdense/hypodense lesion, involving the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor. The surgery consisted in surgical exposure of the mandibular right canine and lateral incisor, bonding of the lateral incisor for orthodontic traction and curettage of the mandibular lesion. Histopathological examination revealed several columnar epithelial cells with minimal stromal connective tissue, lobular pattern and rosettes and duct-like structures, confirming the diagnosis of AOT. After, the patient was referred for orthodontic traction of the impacted teeth. At 1 and 3-year postoperatively, follow-ups examinations showed extensive bone repair, resolution of the tooth-retention and absence of recurrence. Although AOT is an uncommon lesion in the mandible, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the mixed profile lesions in this region.

Effect of donor-specific blood transfusions on allotransplanted teeth in a monkey model: Histoquantification of periodontal healing.

Pre-transplant blood transfusions have previously shown a positive effect on organ allograft survival in humans and various animal species. The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate the effect of pre-transplant donor-specific blood transfusions on periodontal healing of fully developed allotransplanted teeth in monkeys; and second, to investigate the immune response against donor antigens and to determine a possible correlation between alloimmune reactions and histopathological signs of rejection. Twenty monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were divided into ten pairs with similar sizes of incisors. One monkey in each pair gave three transfusions to the other monkey with 1-week intervals. One week after the last transfusion, each pair exchanged simultaneously a central maxillary incisor and a lateral mandibular incisor. The corresponding central maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors were autotransplanted to the contralateral sockets. All teeth were treated endodontically per-operatively. Histocompatibility was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte culture before the first transfusion, while alloantibodies and cell-mediated alloresponses were measured before transfusions and at 2 and 8weeks after transplantation. All animals were sacrificed 8weeks after tooth transplantation. Serial sections of the transplanted teeth were quantified histologically. Mixed lymphocyte cultures showed positive reactions in 19 of 20 cases, indicating incompatibility. The majority of the monkeys developed antibodies towards the tooth donor. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity was negative in all monkeys. Histoquantification revealed a mean score of 70% normal periodontal ligament (PDL) in autotransplanted teeth, with 5% ankylosis. The allografts had a mean score of 17% normal PDL and 63% ankylosis, with no significant influence of transfusion. However, in the mandibular grafts, a tendency towards a positive transfusion effect was seen. Donor-specific blood transfusion did not reduce ankylosis in tooth allografts. The healing of mandibular incisor tooth allografts was improved, but not that of maxillary incisors. Donor-specific antibodies showed no effect on the survival of allograft PDL.

An Unusual Case of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization with a Rare Combination of Fusion, Hypodontia, and Ankyloglossia in 11-Year-Old Male

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmentally acquired dental defect that directly affects the enamel and dentin of one to four first molars, frequently associated with affected incisors. Due to alteration in matrix production, crystal arrangement and formation, enamel matrix secretion a compromised enamel structure may be seen. This condition can also be called a idiopathic enamel hypomineralization. In the article, we report a case of 11-year-old male presenting with typical features of MIH affecting all four permanent molars in combination with fusion of mandibular right permanent central and lateral incisor, hypodontia of mandibular left central incisor and ankyloglossia, and a possible management of the clinical condition.

Shear Bond Strength of Four Types of Orthodontic Retainers after Thermocycling and Cyclic Loading.

Objectives This study assessed the shear bond strength (SBS) of four types of orthodontic retainers after thermocycling and cyclic loading. Materials and Methods This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 120 extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin blocks in sets of three, such that the interdental contacts and positioning of the teeth resembled the dental arch. The acrylic blocks were divided into four groups (n = 10) for the use of 0.016 × 0.022-inch Bond-A-Braid® wire, 0.0195-inch twisted wire, 0.0175-inch coaxial wire, and 0.038 × 0.016-inch Ortho-Flex Tech® wire, as retainers. The retainers were bonded to the lingual surface of the teeth with Transbond XT adhesive in all groups, and the specimens underwent thermocycling and cyclic loading (125,000 load cycles applied to the incisal edge of the incisor tooth in the middle, simulating 6 months of clinical service). Any fracture in the process of aging was recorded. The teeth were then subjected to vertical loads applied along their occlusoapical axis in a universal testing machine to determine the SBS in Newtons. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, the Monte Carlo chi-square test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Thermocycling and cyclic loading did not cause degradation or fracture of the retainers. The SBS and ARI scores of the four groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusion The SBS of retainers with flat rectangular-shaped cross-section was similar to that of retainers with a round cross-section; thus, they have no superiority over each other in this respect.

Whitening Efficacy of 3% Carbamide Peroxide Gel Activated by Lactoperoxidase.

Objective The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a whitening toothpaste containing 3% carbamide peroxide and lactoperoxidase. Materials and methods. Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using an enzymatic-activated dentifrice following a particular procedure for three weeks. Color was recorded before and after treatment using a VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer. Differences in L∗ (tooth color lightness), a∗ (displacement along the red-green axis), and b∗ (displacement along the yellow-blue axis) were measured before and after treatment using the paired t and the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Color changes (ΔE) were calculated using the obtained measurements. Results Thirty-four volunteers were included. ΔE was 4.03. For the set of 348 teeth, a greater tendency towards green (lower a∗) and blue (lower b∗) was observed (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in lightness after treatment. Mandibular central incisors showed a greater tendency towards green (lower a∗) and blue (lower b∗). Bleaching effectiveness was observed in both the upper and lower central incisors and in the lateral mandibular incisors. Conclusion Based on these results, it may be concluded that brushing with an enzymatic-activated dentifrice is effective for whitening teeth.

Morphologic analysis of alveolar bone in maxillary and mandibular incisors on sagittal views.

The aim of this study was to analyze the morphologic features of alveolus in relatively healthy maxillary and mandibular incisors using cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of 318 patients were retrospectively acquired. Alveolar bone in incisive area was divided into: type 1 (thick), type 2 (relatively thick with mono-plate concavity), type 3 (thin with double-plate concavities), and type 4 (vulnerably thin). Alveolus prevalence and widths were analyzed statistically relative to age, gender, and molar relationship. Prevalence of type 1 alveolus was 78.9% in maxillary central incisors, 15.1% in maxillary lateral incisors, 24.1% in mandibular central incisors, and 5.0% in mandibular lateral incisors. Type 2 alveolus was commonly observed in the maxillary lateral incisors (82.2%), mandibular central incisors (66.2%), and mandibular lateral incisors (87.9%). Prevalence of type 3 and 4 alveoli ranged from 0.0 to 9.4%. As for maxillary central incisors, type 1 was the widest both at the alveolar crest (7.77 ± 0.58mm) and apical area (9.05 ± 1.86mm), while type 3 had the lowest width at the apical region (4.08 ± 0.51mm). Among maxillary central incisors, prevalence of type 1 tended to decrease with age. At all maxillary and mandibular incisor sites, alveolus widths were significantly thicker in males than in females. At maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular incisor sites, prevalence of alveolus type was significantly different among three molar relationships. A 4-type classification system was suggested for alveolus morphology in incisive region. Identification of alveolus type might aid in the corresponding treatment.

Two-phase orthodontic treatment of two different types of tooth transposition in the same patient.

Orthodontic treatment is thoroughly planned considering the patient's facial and dental characteristics, the main complaint, treatment time and the orthodontist's experience. Transposition is a form of ectopia, in which two adjacent teeth exchange positions in the dental arch. Transposition can be partial or complete. This article reports the treatment of a female patient with two kinds of tooth transposition managed in the mixed and permanent dentitions. A girl, aged eight years and three months, came to routine paediatric consultation with an ectopic permanent mandibular left lateral incisor in the mixed dentition. Radiographic analysis indicated partial transposition of the permanent mandibular left lateral incisor and canine (Md.L2.C), and development of a complete tooth transposition between the permanent maxillary right first pre-molar and canine (Mx.C.P1). The patient was treated in two phases. The first, in the mixed dentition, and the second, in the permanent dentition with a three-year follow-up between them. These challenging treatment approaches are described in detail, including the mechanics used. The key points of this treatment were early diagnosis of the ectopic mandibular lateral incisor, use of light forces and interphase patient follow-up. These determined the best time to start the second treatment phase, enabling achievement of aesthetic and functional outcomes, and the results remained stable one year after the end of orthodontic treatment.

Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation

Aim: The achievement of root canal treatment is influenced by the status of the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of second root canals in mandibular incisors and the prevalence of root canal separation in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of cases with 2 root canals.&#x0D; Methodology: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) datas of 500 patients seen between 2016 and 2018 were evaluated. A total of 300 patients, 134 males and 166 females, aged 13-71 years (mean age 39.34±13.44) were included in this study. A total of 587 central mandibular incisors and 582 lateral mandibular incisors were examined. The number of roots and root canal morphology based on the Vertucci’s classification were analyzed. The effect of gender on the prevalence of root canal anatomy was also evaluated.&#x0D; Results: The occurence of more than 1 root canal in mandibular lateral and mandibular central was 41.2% and 40.4% respectively and all teeth had a single root. Type I (59.2%) was the most common type, followed by Type III (31.4%), Type II (5.8%), Type VII (2.1 %), Type VI (0.8%) and Type V (0.7%). Type IV and Type VIII were not observed. The root canal separation in two root canaI of central and lateral mandibular incisors was found in the middle third of the root in 65.4% and 74.6%, respectively. The incidence of Type III in males (39%) was higher than that of females (25.4%), while the incidences of Type I in females (67.7%) were significantly higher than that of males (48.3%). The prevalence of second canals in mandibular incisors were detected more frequently in men than in women.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of second canal in total mandibular incisors is 40.8% (Type III was observed the most frequently). CBCT is an appropriate method for identifying of canal morphologies of mandibular incisors.&#x0D; How to cite this article: Çoban Kanyılmaz AN, Okumuş Ö, Sunay H. Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):46-53. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8&#x0D; &#x0D; Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

New orthopedic and orthodontic treatment modality for adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with insufficient maxillary incisor exposure

This paper aims to offer a new orthopedic and orthodontic treatment modality for treating adult patients with mild-to-moderate skeletal Class III discrepancy and insufficient maxillary incisor exposure who reject orthognathic surgery. For Phase I treatment, a rapid palatal expansion or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion is activated on the maxilla, and a modified lip bumper is installed on the mandibular dentition. At night, a facemask with a forward and downward orthopedic force is applied, whereas during the day, modified lip bumper and intraoral heavy Class III elastics are used. During Phase II treatment, intraoral elastics from the miniscrews between the mandibular premolars to the hooks between the maxillary lateral incisors and canines are activated to increase the maxillary incisor showing. In addition, activating elastomeric chains between the mandibular miniscrews and hooks between the mandibular lateral incisors and canines, the whole mandibular dentition is distally moved, and the mandibular incisors are intruded. Orthopedic and orthodontic treatment using a facemask, modified lip bumper, and mandibular miniscrews is an efficient way to improve adult skeletal Class III malocclusion and deficient maxillary incisor exposure.

Evaluation of the Morphology of Mandibular Incisors using the Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was developed to provide an improved visual representation of hard dental tissues in three dimensions. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the roots and canals of the mandibular incisors using CBCT. Methods: In total, 100 extracted mandibular central incisors and 100 extracted mandibular lateral incisors were mounted on separate putty blocks, which were completely immobile during imaging. The teeth were imaged using the CBCT unit (kVp=70, mA=8, and exposure time of 12 s). Vertucci’s classification was utilized to record the number of roots and the canals in each root, as well as the type of the canals. Results: Almost all mandibular incisors were single-rooted. Among the mandibular central incisors, the most common canal morphology proved to be type 1 (51), followed by type 3 (47). Totally, 2 of the teeth represented type 2 within Vertucci’s classification. Furthermore, mandibular lateral incisors were more varied in terms of anatomical classification. The most common types were recorded as types 3 (55) and 1 (41). Moreover, types 6, 2, and 5 comprised 2 of the cases. Conclusion: A high percentage of mandibular incisors have two canals, and based on Vertucci’s classification, the most common anatomies of these teeth were types 1 and 3.

Changes in the gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment.

To evaluate changes in the gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized gingival width (KGW) of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors and canines after fixed orthodontic treatment and their association with sagittal tooth movement (STM). In this study of both arches, 60 periodontally healthy subjects who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment were included. Using pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, STM of the maxillary (1-NA angle and distance, and 1-SN angle) and mandibular (1-NB angle and distance, and IMPA angle) incisors were evaluated to divide the subjects into protrusion and retrusion groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment GT was identified via transgingival probing, and KGW was calculated from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. The intragroup pretreatment and posttreatment comparison results showed a significant decrease in the GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the protrusion and retrusion groups and a decrease in the KGW of the maxillary lateral incisors in the protrusion group. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses for maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth revealed that the GT changes were not significantly associated with STM. However, a positive correlation existed between the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41 and STM. STM was not significantly associated with decreased GT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, but it was positively correlated with the KGW of tooth numbers 13 and 41.

Comparative Evaluation of Root Resorption in Correction of Class II Malocclusion

INTRODUCTION: External apical root resorption is a common iatrogenic side effect of orthodontic treatment and has been reported particularly in anterior teeth. The etiology of resorption is multifactorial, complex and individual susceptibility to resorption depends on various factors.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The degree of root resorption during orthodontic treatment was evaluated on the post-treatment RVGs of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors of 28 skeletal Class II patients with mandible retrusion treated with non-extraction treatment protocol using elastics and PowerScope. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in root resorption between the groups for the overall score and comparison of root resorption in individual teeth between two groups showed significantly more resorption in PowerScope group in mandibular lateral incisors.CONCLUSION: Both elastic and PowerScope groups showed mostly mild to moderate root resorption which is clinically acceptable and lower lateral incisors showed statistically more root resorption in PowerScope group.

Estimation of the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by Simple Oral Examination.

The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is a useful index for clinical and epidemiological assessments, since it can represent the inflammation status of patients in one contentious variable. However, calculation of the PISA is difficult, requiring six point probing depth measurements with or without bleeding on probing on 28 teeth, followed by data input in a calculation program. More simple methods are essential for screening periodontal disease or in epidemiological studies. In this study, we tried to establish a convenient partial examination method to estimate PISA. Cross-sectional data of 254 subjects who completed active periodontal therapy were analyzed. Teeth that represent the PISA value were selected by an item response theory approach. The maxillary second molar, first premolar, and lateral incisor and the mandibular second molar and lateral incisor were selected. The sum of the PISAs of these teeth was significantly correlated with the patient’s PISA (R2 = 0.938). More simply, the sum of the maximum values of probing pocket depth with bleeding for these teeth were also significantly correlated with the patient’s PISA (R2 = 0.6457). The simple model presented in this study may be useful to estimate PISA.

Predicted and actual outcome of anterior intrusion with Invisalign assessed with cone-beam computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to compare predicted anterior teeth intrusion measurements with the actual clinical intrusion measurements using cone-beam computed tomography. Understanding the precision of the software in anticipating changes may help practitioners predict the need for overcorrection. Twenty-two patients, with a mean age of 23.74years, who underwent Invisalign (AlignTechnology, Santa Clara, Calif) clear aligners treatment for both arches only after having completed treatment with an initial series of aligners were included in this study. The pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans after the initial series were acquired by a single orthodontist practitioner. ClinCheck measurements were recorded with Align Technology. The long axis of the anterior tooth intrusion movement was measured in 142 teeth. A comparison between the predicted and actual measurements of anterior intrusion of the teeth was performed, and the intraclass correlation coefficients showed an almost perfect agreement in the linear measurements. A statistically notable difference between the predicted and actual measurements of anterior intrusion. The predicted intrusion movement of the maxillary canines (P=0.001), maxillary lateral incisors (P<0.0001), and maxillary central incisors (P<0.0001) significantly differed from the actual values. Similarly, the intrusion movement in the mandibular teeth seemed to be inaccurate, with significant differences in the mandibular canines (P<0.0001) and mandibular lateral and central incisors (P<0.0001). The mean precision of true anterior intrusion with Invisalign clear aligners was 51.19%, and the mean amount of correction was 48.81%. The use of other supplementary methods of anterior teeth intrusion may be helpful to reduce the rate of midcourse corrections and refinements.

Mandibular lateral incisors with vertucci type III root canal configuration- a case report

Background: Variations in the external morphologic features of the teeth occur in individuals and so does the internal morphology of the crown and the root. Mandibular anteriors are known to have aberrant canals. Based on the possible branching of the root canal system, root canal configurations of permanent teeth were divided into eight different types by Vertucci. Aim: This paper presents a rare case of successful endodontic treatment of mandibular lateral incisors with Vertucci type III canal morphology. Methods: Conventional root canal treatment was done for the mandibular anterior teeth. Results: The treatment was successful and the patient was asymptomatic on follow up, suggesting that conventional methods for root canal treatment are sufficient if proper diagnosis of canal anatomy is done. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of adequate pre-operative radiograph evaluation to treat any mandibular anterior tooth with variable anatomy.

Delayed Eruption of Permanent Lower Lateral Incisor in Relation to Compound Odontoma: A Case Report

To report a delayed tooth eruption following late surgical removal of a compound odontoma in a 10-year-old child. Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered during routine radiographic examinations or during an assessment of delayed tooth eruption. Odontomas are classified into compound or complex based on the microscopic structure of dental tissues. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of odontomas is the keyword for favorable results. This paper describes a case of compound odontomas in a 10-year-old boy that prevented eruption of the permanent mandibular lateral incisor. Extraction of mandibular primary lateral incisors and surgical excision of the compound odontomas was performed. After 3 years of follow-up, at the age of 13 years, the permanent lateral incisor erupted and approached the occlusal plane. Late surgical removal of odontomas resulted in a delayed eruption of the affected teeth. Surgical removal of odontomas and regular follow-up to monitor the eruption of the affected teeth should be considered for the teeth with an open apex before considering orthodontic traction.