Mandatory Implementation Research Articles

From voluntary to mandatory implementation: The impact of green credit policy on de-zombification in China

This study investigates the influence of the green credit policy on firm de-zombification in China using the listed firm samples. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the efficacy of two distinct policy implementation methods within the green credit policy framework. The results reveal that the implementation of the Green Credit Guidelines does not yield a statistically significant improvement in the de-zombification of green credit-restricted firms if they are implemented voluntarily. Only by including green credit performance in the assessment of bank officials, the de-zombification of such firms can be markedly promoted. Overall, the green credit policy acts as a catalyst for de-zombification by exerting dual effects: aggravating financial constraints and stimulating green innovation. The positive effect of green credit policy on de-zombification mainly comes from SOEs, firms with weak external supervision and firms located in areas with a lower degree of marketization. The results of the empirical study offer crucial insights for policymaking in China. It is imperative for the Chinese government to continue adhering to and further enhancing the green credit policy, with a particular focus on mandatory measures.

Prevalence and risk factors for blood-borne viruses among multi-transfused patients in Sana'a City, Yemen

Background: Blood-borne viruses (BBVs), like hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among multi-transfused patients (MTPs), remain a major public health problem in Yemen. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BBVs and associated risk factors among MTPs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on MTPs at the Yemeni Society for Thalassemia, National Oncology Center, and Al Kuwait University Hospital in Sana’a City. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a predesigned questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn and tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV-1,2 by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results: Among 361 MTPs, the overall seroprevalence of BBVs was 6.8%; seropositivity of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV-1,2 was 3.9%, 2.9%, and 0.0%, respectively. An increase in family size and low income were significantly associated factors with HBV infection. In addition, increases in age and blood transfusion units were found to be significant predictors for HCV (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the seroprevalence of BBVs is low, it remains a major problem among MTPs. The most frequent infection was HBV, followed by HCV, with a significantly higher rate among leukemia patients. Regular mentoring for viral markers and mandatory implementation of HCV antigen-antibodies testing as well as advanced technology in blood screening are highly recommended.

Digital product passport for sustainable and circular supply chain management: a structured review of use cases

ABSTRACT Digital product passport (DPP) is a key regulatory element of the latest European Union’s Circular Economy Action Plan. By enhancing product traceability and supply chain transparency, its upcoming mandatory implementation aspires to improve resource circularity, cut emissions, and strengthen supply chain governance. However, the extant literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of DPP use cases in the supply chain and how they enable sustainable and circular supply chain management (SCM). To address this knowledge gap, this study first provides an overview of the current state of DPP in policy and practice. Based on a structured review of 82 DPP supply chain use cases in academic literature, we synthesise the functional areas that DPP can add value to improving supply chain sustainability and circularity. Informed by the review findings, we first discuss theoretical and practical implications of DPP-enabled sustainable and circular SCM, and then prioritise research needs in the emerging research domain.

Customer satisfaction strategy design for mandatory SNI product certification services at the product certification body (LSPro) of Balai Sertifikasi using the SERVQUAL Method and SWOT Analysis

The mandatory implementation of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), regulated by existing regulations in Indonesia, applies to both domestic and imported products, requiring compliance from businesses with the SNI and possessing the SNI Product Usage Certificate (SPPT SNI) issued by the Product Certification Body (LSPro). One of the LSPros in Indonesia is the LSPro Balai Sertifikasi, which provides mandatory SNI product certification services. The SERVQUAL questionnaire helps identify service deficiencies and strengths and measures their significance, while SWOT analysis highlights weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats. SERVQUAL results indicate that service quality below customer expectations can lead to dissatisfaction. From the SWOT matrix, the most relevant implementation strategies are identified. The QSPM matrix is used to strengthen SWOT findings and identify the most suitable strategies, with results indicating priority on strategies WO-1, WT-1, and ST-2 to enhance customer satisfaction with mandatory SNI product certification services at the LSPro Balai Sertifikasi.

Gen Z and financial education: Evidence from a randomized control trial in the South of Italy

Leading institutions are promoting several financial literacy initiatives worldwide, yet few of them are still measuring their impact on behavior. Following the current debate on the upcoming mandatory financial education implementation in Italy, this paper provides evidence of the consequences of financial education for Gen Zers’ decision-making. Specifically, we focus on the Bank of Italy's booklets initiative to measure the impact of financial education on intertemporal choices in a middle school in the South of Italy. Through a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) and eliciting time preferences with an incentivized task, we find robust evidence that enhancing financial literacy among Gen Zers significantly improves the quality of decision-making and the consistency of intertemporal choices.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Effects on Pediatric Viral Respiratory Infections

IntroductionViral lower respiratory tract infections frequently cause morbidity and mortality in children. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic led to isolation and hygiene measures, resulting in decreased respiratory virus transmission and pediatric admissions. This study aimed to assess the impact of these measures and their uplifting on respiratory virus circulation in children before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (January 2017-December 2022). MethodsWe conducted a weekly time series analysis of multiple virus molecular assays in children. This included those admitted to a university reference hospital's Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and those with risk pathologies exhibiting fever and/or respiratory symptoms. We included patients aged 0-18 years residing in Catalonia and adjusted the positive results to account for diagnostic effort. ResultsWe performed a total of 2991 respiratory virus tests during the period. Confinement significantly decreased the detection of all viruses, especially Rhinovirus (RV). After the deconfinement of children, the viral detection trend remained stable for all viruses, with no short-term impact on virus transmission. The mandatory implementation of facemasks in those aged ≥6 years led to decreased viral circulation, but we observed an influenza virus rebound after facemask removal. At that time, we also noticed an interrupted drop in the detection rates of RV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The reopening of schools led to a progressive increase in viral detections, especially of Rhinovirus. ConclusionNon-pharmacological interventions significantly impact the circulation of respiratory viruses among children. We observed these effects even when some measures did not specifically target preschool-aged children.

Optimization, guidance, and control of low-thrust transfers from the Lunar Gateway to low lunar orbit

The Lunar Gateway will represent a primary space system useful for the Artemis program, Earth–Moon transportation, and deep space exploration. It is expected to serve as a staging location and logistic outpost on the way to the lunar surface. This study focuses on low-thrust transfer dynamics, from the Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit traveled by Gateway to a specified Low-altitude Lunar Orbit (LLO). More specifically, this research addresses two closely-related problems: (i) determination of the minimum-time low-thrust trajectory and (ii) design, implementation, and testing of a guidance and control architecture, for a space vehicle that travels from Gateway to LLO. Orbit dynamics is described in terms of modified equinoctial elements, with the inclusion of all the relevant perturbations, in the context of a high-fidelity multibody ephemeris model. The minimum-time trajectory from Gateway to a specified lunar orbit is detected through an indirect heuristic approach, which uses the analytical conditions arising in optimal control theory in conjunction with a heuristic technique. However, future missions will pursue a growing level of autonomy, and this circumstance implies the mandatory design and implementation of an efficient feedback guidance scheme, capable of compensating for nonnominal flight conditions. This research proposes nonlinear orbit control as a viable and effective option for autonomous explicit guidance of low-thrust transfers from Gateway to LLO. This approach allows defining a feedback law that enjoys quasi-global stability properties without requiring any offline reference trajectory. The overall spacecraft dynamics is modeled and simulated, including attitude control and actuation. The latter is demanded to an array of reaction wheels, arranged in a pyramidal configuration. Guidance, attitude control, and actuation are implemented in an iterative scheme. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the guidance and control architecture at hand is effective in nonnominal flight conditions, i.e. with random starting point from Gateway as well as in case of temporary unavailability of the propulsion system. The numerical results also point out that only a modest propellant penalty is associated with the use of feedback guidance and control in comparison to the minimum-time optimal trajectory.

Is South Korea's 2050 Carbon-Neutral scenario sufficient for meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal?

In line with Global Climate Change Alliance initiated in 2007 by the European Commission, the South Korean government announced the “2050 Carbon-Neutral Strategy” in October 2020. The 2050 Carbon-Neutral Scenario was announced in October 2021, with the aim of reducing the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40 % by 2030 compared to those in 2018. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a scenario-based comparative analysis focusing on the forecast of greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for reduction within the building sector. The methodology employed in this study utilizes the greenhouse gas emission calculation methods outlined in the IPCC Guidelines of 1996 and 2006. Based on the national building energy and statistics database for the years 2015 to 2019, the study analyzes building types, building energy intensity, and floor areas to calculate emissions and energy consumption within the sector. The results indicate that the emissions will increase continuously from 2020 (156.9 million tons of CO2 equivalent) to 2050 (217.8 million tons of CO2 equivalent). We have considered the four scenarios outlined in the ‘2050 Carbon Neutrality Scenario’ as the most effective strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. These include: (1) Mandatory implementation of Zero-Energy Buildings (ZEB) for new buildings by 2050, (2) 100 % execution of green remodeling for existing buildings, (3) Promotion of high-efficiency devices to achieve a 25–30 % improvement in energy consumption efficiency compared to 2018 and an enhancement of device energy use per unit, and (4) Expansion of clean heat utilization such as fuel cells and waste heat utilization in district heating. Thus, the possibility of South Korea achieving the 2050 carbon-neutrality target in the building sector is low. Therefore, it is important to develop effective emissions reduction policies and plans for the building sector.

Accessibility of Justice in the Context of Its Digitalization

The article discusses certain aspects of the implementation of the principle of accessibility of justice in the context of the widespread introduction of informatization and digitalization. Based on the study of the legislative framework, the doctrine of procedural law, the law enforcement activities of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights, the author problem of the impact of digitalization on ensuring accessibility of justice and the right to judicial protection is being investigated. The problems of using information technologies in the course of the administration of justice are highlighted, as well as the issues arising in connection with their use by the parties and the court. The debatable aspects of the use of information technologies in the framework of certain types of legal proceedings are touched upon, in particular, in the context of the practical implementation of the adopted procedural novels, ensuring the equality of participants in legal proceedings, and resorting to simplified procedures for considering and resolving cases. It is noted that the use of digital technologies solely for the purpose of procedural economy and solving organizational issues of courts is unacceptable, as well as their mandatory implementation if it does not ensure the equality of participants in legal proceedings, the real effect of the constitutional right to judicial protection, and also goes against the principle of access to justice. In the context of limited legal regulation, the material and technical base of domestic courts, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to preserve the traditional form of administration of justice, paperwork, as well as a deep and comprehensive analysis of the use of implemented technologies through the prism of accessibility of justice and the expansion of normative and real guarantees for the exercise of procedural rights.

Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation.

This paper reviews the effectiveness of four types of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) in influencing calorie purchases. The four FoPL types are poised for unified implementation across European countries. Further, this study extends its analysis to evaluate the impacts of the voluntary adoption of these FoPLs within 27 EU nations. Nutri-Score displays higher potential for yielding positive health and economic outcomes, compared with other FoPLs. Across EU countries, Nutri-Score is projected to avert nearly two million cases of non-communicable diseases, in total, between 2023 and 2050. Keyhole demonstrates effects of a similar magnitude but with no statistical significance. Nutri-Repere shows smaller impacts, while Nutri-Couleurs has non-significant effects. Nutri-Score is projected to significantly lower annual healthcare spending by 0.05%, whereas the other labels have negligible impacts. By reducing cases of disease, FoPLs have the potential to improve employment and work productivity. Nutri-Score surpasses the other labels with an estimated annual gain of 10.6 full-time equivalent workers per 100,000 individuals of working age across EU countries. In all, mandatory implementation of any of the four labels would lead to greater effects than those obtained with a voluntary implementation, providing evidence to inform legislation proposal for an EU-wide nutrition labelling system.

Exploring Efficacy

The rising global divorce rate is reshaping the landscape of family dispute resolution, moving away from the adversarial or litigation system toward an alternative dispute resolution known as mediation. This global trend is also observed in Indonesia where the Supreme Court has mandated the use of mediation in civil cases. "Everybody wins, nobody loses" as the primary slogan of mediation emphasizes a win-win outcome for all parties involved, avoiding any losers. However, assessing its efficacy in handling divorce cases in Indonesia becomes crucial. This is mainly because the settlement rate has been discovered to be low in Indonesia since the mandatory implementation of court-annexed mediation for almost two decades compared to other countries such as Australia and the United States. In both countries, settlement is not only based on agreements but also on the process that satisfies the parties. Therefore, this study aims to examine the conceptual issues underlying the low effectiveness of divorce mediation by questioning agreements as a measure of divorce mediation effectiveness. This study uses the sociolegal framework to critique the Supreme Court Regulation 1/2016 regarding Mediation in court and its dynamics in divorce cases. Moreover, courtroom study is applied to observe the mediation process. The results showed that the success of mediation revolves around the number of agreements reached by the parties and the process did not focus on the characteristics of divorce cases, thereby considered not suitable for all cases. Furthermore, the court-annexed mediation regulation creates ambiguity between the use of marital mediation to reconcile the parties and divorce mediation to proceed post-divorce agreement or both.

Association of state-level prescription drug monitoring program implementation with opioid prescribing transitions in primary care in Australia.

This study aimed to evaluate whether voluntary and mandatory prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use in Victoria, Australia, had an impact on prescribing behaviour, focusing on individual patients' prescribed opioid doses and transition to prescribing of nonmonitored medications. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected primary healthcare data. A 90-day moving average prescribed opioid dose in oral morphine equivalents was used to estimate opioid dosage. A Markov transition matrix was used to describe how patients prescribed medications transitioned between opioid dose groups and other nonopioid treatment options during 3 transition periods: transition between 2 control periods prior to PDMP implementation (T1 to T2); during the voluntary PDMP implementation (T2 to T3); and during mandatory PDMP implementation (T3 to T4). Among patients prescribed opioids in our study, we noted an increased probability of transitioning to not being prescribed opioids during the mandatory PDMP period (T3 to T4). This increase was attributed mainly to the ceasing of low-dose opioid prescribing. Membership in an opioid dose group remained relatively stable for most patients who were prescribed high opioid doses. For those who were only prescribed nonmonitored medications initially, the probability of being prescribed opioids increased during the mandatory PDMP when compared to other transition periods. The introduction of PDMP mandates appeared to have an impact on the prescribing for patients who were prescribed low-dose opioids, while its impact on individuals prescribed higher opioid doses was comparatively limited.

Challenges and conditions for successfully implementing and adopting the telematics infrastructure in German outpatient healthcare: A qualitative study applying the NASSS framework.

Germany's healthcare system provides high-quality, universal health coverage to almost all residents. However, a major challenge lies in the strong separation of healthcare structures, which hinders efficient interprofessional and intersectoral communication and collaboration. The mandatory nationwide implementation of the telematics infrastructure may offer a solution to enhance healthcare professionals' communication and collaboration. Our study aims to elicit participants' perceptions of and attitudes towards the implementation and usage of the telematics infrastructure in fostering interprofessional communication and collaboration between home-care nursing services and general practitioner practices. We conducted interviews with seven members of general practitioner practices and 10 in home-care nursing services. Using thematic content analysis, we identified five themes, of which four along with 10 subthemes were integrated into Greenhalgh et al.'s 'nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread and sustainability' framework. Participants recognised the potential of digital technology to enhance interprofessional communication and collaboration. However, this potential largely depended on individual healthcare actors' willingness to seek information, invest and adapt. Attitudes towards the telematics infrastructure varied widely from hopeful confidence to outright rejection. Home-care nursing services generally viewed the telematics infrastructure with optimism, while general practitioners expressed reservations, particularly due to technological disruptions, lack of user-friendliness, and organisational structures. Our findings highlight the potential of digital technology to enhance interprofessional communication. Successful implementation of technological innovations, however, goes beyond technological aspects and involves social, political and organisational processes. Future implementation strategies for such innovations in healthcare should involve users early and ensure clear communication.

Automated and Optimized Neurosurgery Scheduling System Improves Resident Satisfaction.

Neurosurgery residency involves a complex structure with multiple hospitals, services, and clinic days, leading to challenges in creating equitable call schedules. Manually prepared scheduling systems are prone to biases, error, and perceived unfairness. To address these issues, we developed an automated scheduling system (Automated Optimization of Neurosurgery Scheduling System [AONSS]) to reduce biases, accommodate resident requests, and optimize call variation, ultimately enhancing the educational experience by promoting diverse junior-senior-attending relationships. AONSS was developed and tailored to the University of Florida program, with inaugural use in 2021-2022 and mandatory implementation in the 2022-2023 academic year. 2019-2021 academic years were used as control. Residents were surveyed using Google Forms before and after implementation to assess its impact. Outcome measures included call and pairing variations, duty hours, as well as subjective factors such as satisfaction, fairness, and perceived biases. Twenty-six residents (28%-39% female/year) were included in the study. AONSS was used for 6/13 blocks during the 2021-2022 academic year and 13/13 blocks for the 2022-2023 academic year. Overall call variation reduced by 70%. All other objective secondary measures have improved with AONSS. Weekly and monthly duty hours were reduced and less varied. Satisfaction scores improved from 21% reporting being somewhat satisfied or very satisfied to 90%. Fairness scores improved from 43% reporting being somewhat fair or very fair to 95%. Perception of gender bias decreased from 29% to 0%. No resident felt there was racial bias in either system. Our newly developed automated scheduling system effectively reduces variation among calls in a complex neurosurgery residency, which, in return, was found to increase residents' satisfaction with their schedule, improve their perception of fairness with the schedule, and has completely removed the perception of sexual bias in a program that has a large percentage of females. In addition, it was found to be associated with decreased duty hours.

Dissecting the rationale for thromboprophylaxis in challenging surgical cases

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading preventable cause of death in surgical patients, and rates of fatal PE are increasing. Individual assessment, to balance the risks of thrombosis and bleeding, is the key to providing appropriate prophylaxis. The risk assessment process includes use of evidence-based guidelines, literature published since the latest guidelines, large registries, and risk scoring systems together with clinical experience and judgment. Risk assessment is a dynamic process and needs to be updated both during the hospital stay and just prior to discharge since clinical events may change the level of risk. The final assessment may identify patients who require ongoing anticoagulant prophylaxis after discharge. The Caprini risk score is widely used in surgical patients and is a composite of the number of risk factors and their relative weights. The Caprini risk score set point for risk levels requiring anticoagulant prophylaxis varies depending on the type of surgical procedure, surgical population, and number of risk factors. Mandatory implementation of evidence-based care pathways is helpful in lowering PE-related mortality. This review presents several challenging cases, emphasizing the importance of employing all available assessment tools, including dynamic assessment of risk during hospitalization. Finally, the limitations of evidence-based guidelines in complex scenarios and the need to employ all available tools to properly protect very high–risk patients are emphasized.

Assessing Indonesian Community Development and Empowerment Program for Mandatory CSR Implementation in Mining Industry

Assessing Indonesian Community Development and Empowerment Program for Mandatory CSR Implementation in Mining Industry

Research on anthropogenic influence on satellite positioning accuracy

This paper presents the results of research into the accuracy of satellite-based positioning methods in the vicinity of operating industrial and energy facilities. Modern dual-frequency multi-system satellite receivers allow for high accuracy and productivity in compliance with the basic principles of work related to ensuring the criterion of unity of measurements and the mandatory implementation of the rules of localisation of the object and the receiver(s), as well as the study of geometric and temporal factors of satellite passage, with their subsequent application to perform quality measurements. This technique is widely and effectively used on large area and linear objects by qualified specialists in the field of geodesy. The accuracy of determinations is guaranteed by the openness of the sky and the absence of all kinds of man-made factors that potentially interfere with the reception of radio signals. This paper does not consider the extreme operation of receivers in areas of special signal suppression. It is of great interest to research the accuracy of satellite positioning methods in the vicinity of operating industrial and energy objects.

A Study on the Perception of Safety Management in Middle School Physical Education Teachers

Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to establish a school safety culture through research on safety management as perceived by middle school physical education teachers. Research Method This study was conducted through in-depth interviews using a purposive sampling method from August 1 to September 30, 2024. Results: First, mandatory implementation of prevention education and safety education manuals and programs to increase prevention awareness. RAM is required. Second, regular facility and teaching management inspections are necessary and safety accidents can be prevented. Third, awareness of prevention and follow-up measures must improve a safe educational environment through institutional improvements in safety liability. Fourth, a safety training manual should be developed and unified and systematic training should be conducted. Conclusion Application to actual classroom environment. There is a need to develop a unified school safety education manual and systematic program.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ НАССР У ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОМУ БІЗНЕСІ УКРАЇНИ В КРИЗОВИХ УМОВАХ

The article is concerned with studying the socio-economic issues of implementation of the HACCP system in the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine in the context of the crisis. Ukraine's integration into the European space requires full compliance with the EU standards, and, accordingly, addressing the issues of improving the quality of products and services by introducing the HACCP system at domestic hotel and restaurant enterprises. In the light of the crisis events caused by the military actions in Ukraine, this issue has become even more urgent, as the sector of the economy that requires the implementation of the HACCP system is one of the most promising in terms of economic growth. The destructive trends are largely caused by the emergence of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease, which has dramatically reduced the attendance of hotel and restaurant businesses not only in Ukraine but also around the world. The changes that occurred in the structure of entrepreneurship had the greatest impact on small businesses in the provision of temporary accommodation and catering services. This, in turn, demonstrated not only the vulnerability of small businesses, but also the extent to which they need government support, both economically and legislatively. On the other hand, it has become clear that crisis events such as the coronavirus disease and the subsequent martial law best demonstrate the inevitable need to introduce the HACCP system and food safety as such. Implementing and maintaining HACCP requires a significant financial investment, which will not always be returned. Therefore, these issues are addressed last. As a result, high-quality staff training is sabotaged or not provided at all, and financial compensation is not allocated to people who maintain and support the control system. Businesses often treat HACCP either as a "decorative" measure or are forced to do so by virtue of mandatory implementation. The effect of implemented HACCP, not even from the actual implementation, but from the certificate of conformity, is seen by companies for which it is primarily a marketing advantage. Nevertheless, sooner HACCP requirements are introduced, the more time and chances entrepreneurs will have to adapt to these requirements on the way to European integration.

Effective Information Management Model in Implementing PT Polytama Propindo's CSR Program

One of the implications of mandatory CSR implementation in Indonesia is informing the community (disclose) about CSR implementation and company stakeholders. The problem analyzed in this research is the negative perception of the surrounding community towards the company, which in turn leads to problems in managing and disclosing information. The research problem was analyzed using General System Theory (GST) and Organizational Information Theory (Karl Weick). GST leads to an understanding that companies and society, including other stakeholders, are one unit (holism). Organizational Information Theory (Karl Weick) is used to analyze how companies overcome ambiguity in the input they receive from the external environment. This research uses a postpositivism paradigm and a qualitative approach. The method used is a case study with a single case multilevel analysis model. The research results show that PT Polytama Propindo has implemented CSR as proven by successfully obtaining PROPER Green Rating (2018, 2019) and Gold Rating (2020, 2021, 2022). However, other findings in this research seem to negate PT Polytama's achievements in implementing CSR, because the community around the company area (Limbangan Village) still has a negative perception of the company. The finding of input (negative perception) from PT Polytama's external environment led to other research findings, namely regarding the importance of building an empowerment program as an "alternative way" for two-way communication with the community in Limbangan Village. This finding is also the output of PT Polytama's efforts to unravel the ambiguity behind the negative perceptions of the Limbangan Village community.Keywords: CSR, PROPER, Perception, Information Processing, Disclosure, PT Polytama Propindo