Manasi River Research Articles

干旱区典型盐生植物群落土壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 干旱区典型盐生植物群落土壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201405221057 作者: 作者单位: 石河子大学 石河子,石河子大学 石河子 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(U1203282, 31360320); 教育部科学技术研究项目(213039A) Distribution of soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon from typical halophyte community in arid region Author: Affiliation: Shihezi University,Shihezi University;China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以干旱区玛纳斯河流域扇缘带为研究区,分析了花花柴(Karelinia caspia)、雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)4个典型盐生植物群落土壤团聚体的组成及有机碳分布。研究表明:不同植物群落土壤团聚体均以0.25-0.053 mm粒径为主,占了46.7%-74.6%,且与其他粒径差异显著(P < 0.05), > 0.25 mm和 < 0.053 mm粒径土壤团聚体含量较少,仅占7.8%-43%。梭梭群落 > 0.25 mm团聚体平均含量较高,达32%。不同植被群落土壤总有机碳介于2.01-8.73 g/kg之间,不同粒径团聚体有机碳介于1.70-13.68 g/kg之间。不同群落之间,梭梭和柽柳群落总有机碳和团聚体有机碳含量均相对较高,且随着土层深度下降而下降。不同粒径之间,有机碳含量在0.25-0.053 mm粒径最低,在 > 0.25 mm和 < 0.053 mm粒径中最高,呈现"V"型分布且差异显著(P < 0.05)。0.25-0.053 mm团聚体中有机碳含量的贡献率最高,达43.43%,而 < 0.053 mm粒级贡献率较低,但有机碳含量较高,说明了小粒径团聚体对有机碳保护能力较强。土壤有机碳含量与0.25-0.053 mm团聚体含量呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。而从整体来看,梭梭群落 > 0.25 mm团聚体比例较高,且土壤有机碳和团聚体有机碳含量也较高,说明了在该研究区,梭梭群落聚集土壤养分能力较强,相对其他群落更有利于土壤有机碳的积累。 Abstract:Soil aggregates are organic-inorganic complexes and the basic unit of soil structure. Their formation and stability are closely related to soil organic carbon content. The distribution of aggregate-associated organic carbon determines the capacity for soil organic carbon storage and retention. Currently, research on soil aggregate-associated organic carbon mainly focuses on agricultural and artificial ecosystems; relatively few studies have focused on natural ecosystems. In particular, little is known about distribution of aggregate-associated organic carbon in halophyte communities in Xinjiang. In light of this, a field experiment was conducted on an alluvial fan in the Manasi River Basin to quantify changes in soil aggregation and aggregated-associated soil organic carbon associated with four halophytes (Karelinia caspia, Bassia dasyphylla, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Tamarix ramosissima). Our objective was to determine 1) the particle size that is most conducive to carbon retention and 2) which of the four halophytes is associated with the accumulation of the most soil organic carbon. The results showed: 1) 46.7% to 74.6% of the total soil mass comprised particles of intermediate diameter (0.25-0.053 mm). This was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the other two classes of particle size defined in this study ( > 0.25 mm and < 0.053 mm). The > 0.25 mm or < 0.053 mm classes only comprised 7.8% to 43% of soil mass. The > 0.25 mm class was most abundant in the Haloxylon ammodendron community, accounting for 32% of soil mass. 2) Soil total organic carbon content was 2.01-8.73 g/kg, and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon content varied from 1.70 to 13.68 g/kg among communities. Total organic carbon and aggregate-associated organic carbon were greater in the Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima communities than in the other communities studied. These measures decreased in all communities with depth. 3) The aggregate-associated organic carbon content was lowest in the 0.25-0.053 mm class, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the >0.25 mm and < 0.053 mm classes. 4) Because the 0.25-0.053 mm class was the most abundant, aggregate-associated organic carbon in this fraction contributed more to soil total organic carbon contained 43.43%. There was more aggregate-associated organic carbon in the < 0.053 mm class, but this contributed less to total soil organic carbon, indicating that these micro-aggregates have the greatest potential to retain soil organic carbon. There was a significant negative relationship between the abundance of 0.25-0.053 mm soil aggregate particles and soil organic carbon content.Total soil organic carbon, aggregate-associated soil organic carbon and abundance of >0.25 mm aggregate particles were highest in the Haloxylon ammodendron community, which implies that this community has the greatest potential to gather soil nutrients of the four communities studies, could be useful for accumulating soil organic carbon in arid areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Assessment of Economic Losses on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution by Abuse of Fertilizer in Manasi River Basin of China

Agricultural Non-point Source (AgNPS) pollution is one of the most important reasons for environmental pollution and unbalance of ecology. Nowadays, the negative impact of AgNPS pollution is increasing. Oasis and desertification exist at the same time in Xinjiang. The evaluation of economic loss caused by AgNPS pollution was carried out in the Manasi River Basin. The economic losses on AgNPS pollution were assessed by the methods of Concentration-Value Curve. Fertilizer overusing were focused on this research,which were major sources of AgNPS pollution. The results showed that environment economic loss caused by abuse of fertilizer was 8.115 million RMB in 2012.

Estimating streambed parameters for a disconnected river

AbstractEvaluation of stream–aquifer interaction and water balance for a catchment often requires specific information on streambed parameters, such as streambed hydraulic conductivity, seepage flux across the streambed and so on. This paper describes a simple, inexpensive instrument that is used to measure these streambed parameters under the condition of a stream disconnected from groundwater. Our method includes a seepage cylinder for simulation of river water depth. The proposed method was applied to estimate the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a streambed and the changes in vertical seepage rate from stream to groundwater with varied stream water depth in the Manasi River of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The vertical hydraulic conductivities of the streambed determined from 12 sites along the Manasi River vary from 1.01 to 29.m/day where the stream disconnects from the groundwater. The experimental results suggest that there are two kinds of relations between the vertical seepage rate and the simulated stream water depth. One is a linear relation between the two variables with low Reynolds numbers (less than 10); the other is a nonlinear relation (exponential relation) between the two variables with larger Reynolds numbers (greater than 10). This second relationship is quite different from the traditional model that usually calculates the vertical seepage rate from stream to groundwater under the condition of disconnection using a linear relation (Darcy's Law). Our results suggest that a linear relation can only be used for a limited range of river water depth. This method gives a convenient tool for rapidly estimating the streambed hydraulic conductivity and the changes in the vertical seepage rate across streambed with varied stream water depths for the case of a stream disconnected from groundwater. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

THE OASIS SOIL TYPE CHANGE AND ITS FRACTAL IN MANASI RIVER BASIN BETWEEN 1987–2006, ARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA / MANASI UPĖS BASEINO SAUSRINGOJE ŠIAURĖS VAKARŲ KINIJOJE OAZIŲ DIRVOŽEMIO TIPŲ POKYČIAI IR FRAKTALAI 1987–2006 M

During the past 20 years, great landscape changes took place in the northwest of China. Landscape change resulted in soil type transformations. This paper discusses the changes and fractal of soil types in oasis. In order to do it, the soil type maps of Manasi River Basin in 1987 and 2006 were used. 13 types of soil and 2 types of land-use were classified and analyzed in the study area. Results indicated many variations in characteristics. Firstly, all soil types underwent remarkable changes from 1987 to 2006 in the study area: the identified changed area was about 30% or 6506.33 km2. Secondly, in comparison with 1987, in 2006 2/3 of the area's soil types increased, while 1/3 decreased. Rapid expansion of Aquicambids (415.28 km2), and rapid decrease of Petrocambids (797.05 km2) and Aquisalids (415.93 km2) were the noticeable findings. Furthermore, Haplocambids obtained largest gains from other soil types, while Petrocambids lost largest area to other types. Additionally, the fractal relationship objectively existed between the perimeter and area of soil patches. The fractal dimension of Aquisalids, Petrocalcids and Ustifluvents became higher and their shapes became more complex during this period. The stability index was higher in 2006 which indicated that the spatial structure of soil type was more stable than in 1987. These chaotic and occasional changes were largely caused by human activities and natural conditions. Consequently, environmental managers should pay more attention to soil changes in the arid and semiarid region. Santrauka Per pastaruosius 20 metų šiaurės vakarų Kinijoje įvyko didelių kraštovaizdžio pokyčių, lėmusių ir dirvožemio tipų pakitimus. Remiantis 1987–2006 m. Manasi upės baseino dirvožemio žemėlapiais, aptariami dirvožemio tipų pokyčiai ir fraktalai oazėse. Pasirinktoje teritorijoje išskirta ir analizuota 13 dirvožemio tipų ir dvejopa žemėnauda. Nustatyta daug kintamųjų parametrų. Pirma, tirtõs teritorijos visų tipų dirvožemiai nuo 1987 iki 2006 m. žymiai pakito. Nustatytoji pokyčių zona apima apie 30 % teritorijos, arba 6 506,32 km2. Antra, palyginti su 1987 m., 2006 m. 10 dirvožemio tipų teritorija padidėjo, o 5 tipų sumažėjo. Sparčiai padidėjo Aquicambids (415,28 km2), sparčiai sumažėjo Petrocambids (797,05 km2) ir Aquisalids (415,93 km2), pokyčiai buvo žymūs. Iš visų kitų pakitusių dirvožemių tipų Haplocambids plotai padidėjo daugiausia, o labiausiai, palyginti su kitais, sumažėjo Petrocambids plotai. Be to, pastebėta, kad tarp dirvožemio teritorijos plotų ir perimetrų objektyviai egzistuoja fraktalinės sąsajos. Fraktalinės dimensijos Aquisalids, Petrocalcids ir Ustifluvents per minėtą laikotarpį padidėjo, o jų formos tapo sudėtingesnės. Stabilumo indeksas 2006 m. buvo didesnis. Tai rodė, kad erdvinė dirvožemio struktūra mažai pakito, tapo stabilesnė, palyginti nei buvo 1987 m. Šiuos atsitiktinius pokyčius iš esmės lėmė žmogaus veikla ir gamtinės sąlygos. Prieita prie išvados, kad sausojo ar pusiau sauso klimato regionuose kraštotvarkos vykdytojai dirvožemio pokyčiams turėtų skirti daugiau dėmesio.

Analysis of the Characteristics of Runoff in Manasi River Basin in the Past 50 Years

Abstract Runoff generated in the upper Manasi River Basin is water resource supplied for the middle and lower reaches. Based on the monthly runoff series (1957-2006) of the two hydrological gauging stations, Kensiwate, Hongshanzui and precipitation series at 4 precipitation stations of the upper Manasi River Basin, multiple indexes and a series of methods and wavelet methods are adopted to analyze the inter-annual, annual and periodic variation characteristics of the streamflows in the watershed for the last 50 years. The results show that: showed that: (1) Distribution of annual runoff was uneven, and mainly focuses on June and july and August. The inter-annual variations were great, with significant difference between the wet year and dry year; (2) annual runoff changes had obvious stages and the tendency of annual runoff increasing was significant; and (3) annual runoff changes had a main period of about30 years and 15 years, with an abrupt point happening in 1995. The increasing of precipitation and Climate warming are the key factors influencing the runoff.

Spatial distribution pattern changes of oasis soil types in Manasi River Basin, arid northwestern China

Soil distribution pattern play a significant role in the stability conservation and economic development of oasis in arid regions. Hence, ecologists and agrology scientists have a central interest in understanding the spatial distribution changes of soil types. The aim of this study was to analyze the main processes of soil distribution pattern changes from 1987 to 2006 through the landscape indexes. Soil types and soil distribution pattern changes were assessed and compared by using two soil maps made in 1987 and 2006. 14 soil types were classified and analyzed in the study area. Results indicated many differences among the changes of different soil types. During the period from 1987 to 2006, there were widespread changes in spatial distribution of soil types in Manasi River Basin at class-level. The area of Petrocambids decreased, whereas Aquicambids increased. The small patches began to coalesce into large ones and the patch numbers decreased during the past 20 years, which brought about the fragmentation decrease in Manasi River Basin. In contrast to the decrease of the patch density, the average patch area of 12 soil types increased. With the increasing man-made disturbance, more soil type patches, especially the agricultural soil patches were close to square in shape. During the recent 20 years, the decreased patch shape indexes occupied about 57% of all while the increased patch shape indexes were over 40%. The split index of most soil types has also declined during the same period. The landscape-level indexes also reflected the spatial distribution changes of oasis soil types. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index have increased while the landscape dominance index has decreased in the recent 20 years, which showed that more equirotal soil patches were formed and various soil types dominated the soil landscape in Manasi River Basin. Changes of different soil types are one of major indictors to show environment changes and impacts of human activities. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the study of soil type changes in the arid and semiarid region.

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on River Basin in Arid Zone

The water resources carrying capacity is an important component of natural resource carrying capacity in a country or region sustained development process. It is the key being related to using the water resources reasonably, which means vital to the sustained growth of the water resources, the social economy and the ecological environment concordant development.Taking the case of river basin in arid zone of the Manasi River Basin,The author evaluated water resources supporting capacity condition basin in different year of the Manasi River by establishing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results indicated that because of saving water technological progress and industry restructure advancement, the water resources carrying capacity of Manasi River will be improved in the future twenty years. The water resources supply and demand contradictory will be obtained certain alleviation, but the uneven of water resources space and time distribution is still the main restrictive factor of the development of society and economic and the ecological environment construction.

Application of SRM to Flood Forecast and Forwarning of Manasi River Basin in Spring

SRM is used for daily runoff forecast of Manasi river basin.Snow-melting flood of the basin in spring is monitored and warned technically for the purpose of flood control,drought resistance,and water resources untilisation.Innovatively,using CMA T213 metereological data to forecast zonal temperature and precipication of the basin is regarded as a data eploratory analysis of snow-melting runoff.With our self-developed version 1.0 software of snow-melting runoff simulation and forecast,pariticuarly we make a forecast of snow-melting runoff in the Kensiwate hydrological station of Manasi river basin in spring,2004.Two precision indexes of the forecast model SRM has shown the reliability of the forecast results.

The Potential to Reconstruct Manasi River Streamflow in the Northern Tien Shan Mountains (NW China)

We present a tree-ring based reconstruction of water-year (October-September) streamflow for the Manasi River in the northern Tien Shan mountains in northwestern China. We developed eight Tien Shan spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey.) chronologies for this purpose, which showed a common climatic signal. The hydroclimatic forcing driving tree growth variability affected streamflow with a three- to four-year lag. The model used to estimate streamflow is based on the average of three chronologies and reflects the autoregressive structure of the streamflow time series. The model explains 51% of variance in the instrumental data and allowed us to reconstruct streamflow for the period 1629-2000. This preliminary reconstruction could serve as a basis for providing a longer context for evaluating the recent (1995-2000) increasing trends in Manasi River streamflow and enables the detection of sustained periods of drought and flood, which are particularly challenging for managing water systems. Several of the reconstructed extended dry (wet) periods of the Manasi River correspond to reconstructed periods of drought (flood) in Central Asia in general and in other Tien Shan mountain locations in particular, suggesting that the analysis of Tien Shan spruce could contribute significantly to the development of regionally explicit streamflow reconstructions.