Management Toolkit Research Articles

Developing an infodemic management toolkit for immunization: An iterative consultation process

Abstract Issue An infodemic is an overwhelming amount of information, accurate and otherwise, that accompanies health emergencies such as outbreaks and other health crises. Infodemic management work is done by people from different positions and professions, with differing resources at their disposal, and applied to a range of health issues. An infodemic insights report can help identify questions, concerns, information voids and circulating mis- disinformation to help inform an emergency response. Health issue specific guidance can be useful for those who may have infodemic management as part of their regular work but want to identify infodemic insights and contextualize these insights in relation to other programme data. Description The WHO and UNICEF ‘how to build an infodemic insights report in 6 steps’ document provides general guidance. A more immunization specific document, with practical and specific tools in standalone short focus areas was developed to guide infodemic managers or those working on vaccine demand and acceptance, and by vaccination field workers. The toolkit is intended for vaccines across the life course, including for children, adolescents, pregnant people, adults, and people with pre-existing conditions or have other vulnerabilities. Results Rounds of iteration with experts both internal and external to WHO provided useful feedback, review and suggestions. The toolkit provides information targeted at different resource and capacity levels. Lessons The consultative process resulted in a toolkit informed by experts and those who are likely end-users of the document. The consultations sought to align the toolkit with immunization programme processes and with other tools and interventions for improving vaccine uptake. Having health issue specific guidance is a useful addition to the infodemic manager toolbox and tools such as these can be an important component of community resilience and health security initiatives. Key messages • For immunization, infodemic management can support programme activities to build vaccine confidence and improve uptake, and manage vaccine-related events. • Expert informed guidance on health topic specific areas can be a useful addition to the infodemic manager toolbox.

Business development management tools in the digital economy

The peculiarities of the digital environment, which contribute to the rapid growth of instability in enterprises' activities, are highlighted. The need to refine certain aspects and tools of traditional strategic planning is substantiated. The essence of digital transformation as a strategic process of business change—based on client-centric principles, systemic innovation, business model adaptation, active data usage, and competency development—is defined. The problems facing Ukrainian companies in digital transformation are highlighted, including insufficient strategy development, organizational culture misalignment with necessary changes, a shortage of digital skills, outdated technologies, lack of coordination between old and new technologies, and the high costs of implementing innovations. The approach to the digital transformation strategy is viewed as a tool for setting priorities that provides businesses with competitive advantages in rapidly changing markets through the application of digital technologies to solve new business challenges. Potential directions for ensuring the flexibility of a digital strategy are highlighted, such as developing partnerships and cooperation, utilizing big data analysis and predictive analytics for real-time decision-making, and employing flexible technologies for both implementation and strategy development. A hypothesis about the feasibility of developing a minimally viable strategy is proposed. As an additional method for increasing the flexibility of the digital transformation strategy, a modular structure for its design is proposed, based on the concept of business architecture, establishing a close connection between enterprise strategy, business model, and IT architecture. A brief overview of digital business models is provided, indicating that ecosystem-type business models, including digital platforms, are the most successful in the digital environment. The stages of digital transformation are outlined, and additional tools for their implementation are considered, such as digital maturity assessment models, a system of key indicators, and a digital transformation road map. A generalized structure of the toolkit for strategic management of business development in the digital environment is proposed, particularly aligned with the stages of digital transformation implementation.

Wiki communities’ management tools in conditions of digitization

The rise of local and global challenges (such as COVID-19, wars, natural disasters, etc.) requires advanced communication and information technologies to support economic development. The study aims to form a theoretical basis and practical tools for creating and functioning of wiki communities. Wiki communities are a new form of social association based on Internet communications of socio-economic subjects (individuals and organizations), in which each participant has equal rights to receive information, exchange opinions, and generate solutions. The theoretical basis involves substantiating the key principles on which wiki communities are formed, e.g., decentralization, openness, peering, sharing, and mass nature of activity. Wiki communities are represented by a set of specific types, such as professional, academic and research, custom, creative, public and non-commercial communities. The specific managing activities of wiki communities are described by several classification levels, such as operational activities, ensuring security, quality assurance, and motivation. The wiki community management toolkit includes a goal-setting algorithm, decision-making procedures, communications, rules of operation, typical tasks, areas of application, the operation and development cycle, and functional capabilities. It allows effective transfer of information, communication in real-time, and mutually enriching each other in forming knowledge and innovation. AcknowledgmentThe publication was prepared in the framework of the research project “Restructuring of the national economy in the direction of digital transformations for sustainable development” (№0122U001232) from National Research Foundation.

Advancing evidence-based practice through the Knowledge Translation Challenge: Nurses' important roles in research, implementation science and practice change.

To describe a knowledge translation capacity-building initiative and illustrate the roles of nurses in practice change using an exemplar case study. The report uses observational methods and reflection. The Knowledge Translation Challenge program involves a multi-component intervention across several sites. The advisory committee invited eligible teams to attend capacity-building workshops. Implementation plans were developed, and successful teams receive funding for a 2 year period. Evaluation involved collecting data on program uptake and impact on practice change. Data has been collected from five cohorts. The exemplar case study employed an action-research framework. Four nurse-led teams have demonstrated successful implementation of their practice change. The case study on implementing a clinical toolkit for clozapine management further illustrates a thoughtful planning process, and implementation journey and learnings by a team of nurses. The Knowledge Translation Challenge program empowers nurses to use implementation science practices to enhance the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services. Success of this initiative serves as a model for addressing the persistent gap between knowledge and practice in clinical settings and the value of activating nurses to help close this gap. As the most trusted and numerous profession, it is vital that nurses contribute to efforts to translate research evidence into clinical practice. The Knowledge Translation Challenge program supports nurses to lead practice change. The Knowledge Translation Challenge program successfully equips nurses and other health care providers with the knowledge, skills and resources to implement practice improvements which enhance the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services and nursing practice. The Knowledge Translation Challenge advisory committee has three patient-public partners that support teams to develop a patient-oriented approach for their projects by providing feedback on the implementation plans. Each team was also supported to include patient-public partners on their project.

The future is here: an easy‐to‐use toolkit for integrating genetics into conservation management

AbstractOver the past decade, the development of genetic and genomic tools for conservation management has come forward in leaps and bounds. Once considered a ‘nice to have’, genetic data are fast becoming an essential tool for informing and managing translocations. However, due to the complexity of the field, easily using genetic data for decision‐making and monitoring remains beyond the reach of most managers and conservation biologists. In May 2020, we launched the Threatened Species Initiative (TSI), a programme designed to generate genomic resources for Australia's threatened species. Critical to the project is not only the generation of reference genomes and population genetic data but an online toolkit for conservation managers. The toolkit is a ‘one stop shop’ from collecting samples, to generating and analysing genetic data, to an easily interpretable genetic management report. A series of workflows and pipelines have been developed, including the TSI Biodiversity Portal, that uses point and click web interfaces to easily transfer raw sequence data and assemble genomes, transcriptomes and soon population genetics for management decisions. Here we present how the current toolkit works and provide case study examples for how it is being used to inform translocations and the management of threatened species.

Cyber Evaluation and Management Toolkit (CEMT): Face Validity of Model-Based Cybersecurity Decision Making

The Cyber Evaluation and Management Toolkit (CEMT) is an open-source university research-based plugin for commercial digital model-based systems engineering tools that streamlines conducting cybersecurity risk evaluations for complex cyber-physical systems. The authors developed this research tool to assist the Australian Defence Force (ADF) with the cybersecurity evaluation of complicated systems operating in an increasingly contested and complex cyber environment. This paper briefly outlines the functionality of the CEMT including the inputs, methodology, and outputs required to apply the toolkit using a sample model of the process applied to a generic insider threat attack. A face validity trial was conducted on the CEMT, surveying subject-matter experts in the field of complex cybersecurity analysis and risk assessment to present the generic case study and gather data on the expected benefits of a real-world implementation of the process. The results of the face validity broadly supports the effectiveness and usability of the CEMT, providing justification for industry research trials of the CEMT.

Exploring the biotechnological potential of novel soil-derived Klebsiella sp. and Chryseobacterium sp. strains using phytate as sole carbon source.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for biological systems, playing a pivotal role in energy metabolism and forming crucial structural components of DNA and RNA. Yet its bioavailable forms are scarce. Phytate, a major form of stored phosphorus in cereals and soils, is poorly bioavailable due to its complex structure. Phytases, enzymes that hydrolyze phytate to release useable phosphorus, are vital in overcoming this limitation and have significant biotechnological applications. This study employed novel method to isolate and characterize bacterial strains capable of metabolizing phytate as the sole carbon and phosphorus source from the Andes mountains soils. Ten strains from the genera Klebsiella and Chryseobacterium were isolated, with Chryseobacterium sp. CP-77 and Klebsiella pneumoniae CP-84 showing specific activities of 3.5 ± 0.4nkat/mg and 40.8 ± 5nkat/mg, respectively. Genomic sequencing revealed significant genetic diversity, suggesting CP-77 may represent a novel Chryseobacterium species. A fosmid library screening identified several phytase genes, including a 3-phytase in CP-77 and a glucose 1-phosphatase and 3-phytase in CP-84. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the novelty of these enzymes. These findings highlight the potential of phytase-producing bacteria in sustainable agriculture by enhancing phosphorus bioavailability, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers, and contributing to environmental management. This study expands our biotechnological toolkit for microbial phosphorus management and underscores the importance of exploring poorly characterized environments for novel microbial functions. The integration of direct cultivation with metagenomic screening offers robust approaches for discovering microbial biocatalysts, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and advancing environmental conservation.

A Community-Partnered Research Process for Implementation Strategy Design: Developing Resources to Support Behavioral Classroom Interventions

Schools need effective, sustainable implementation strategies to support teachers in using effective Tier 1 (i.e., whole class) and Tier 2 (i.e., targeted) behavioral interventions in the classroom. This paper describes an iterative, community-partnered process of developing implementation resources to support teachers in using Tier 1 and 2 positive behavior management interventions; we call these resources the Positive Behavior Management Toolkit (PBMT). There were two key aspects to the iterative development process: 1) working with a Program Development Team of district—and school-employed partners to identify priorities, interpret data, provide feedback on resources, and plan for sustainment; and 2) conducting a series of tryouts in which teachers used a version of the PBMT in their classrooms and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and recommendations for improvement. In partnership with the Program Development Team, we used data from the tryouts to inform revisions to the PBMT. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data from the tryouts and describes how these data informed revisions to the PBMT. We also describe the processes by which we engaged the team, considerations related to contextual appropriateness, and lessons learned related to community-engaged intervention development research.

Enhancing adherence to clinical practice guidelines for hypertension management: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a Hypertension Management Tool Kit (HMTK) among primary healthcare doctors. (ImprovBP-HMTK)

IntroductionAdherence to guidelines in managing hypertension among primary healthcare doctors remains suboptimal. ObjectiveWe assessed the effectiveness of a Hypertension Management Tool Kit (HMTK) in improving guideline adherence. MethodsMedical records of 392 patients attending 2 primary care clinics in the Klang district with 3 or more anti-hypertensive medications were audited. Paired T-test and repeated measure ANOVA were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the HMTK intervention with the evaluation of interaction within-subject effects, between subject effect and time. ResultsThe mean MOGC score of doctors with <5 years of service was 79.765 (95 % CL 78.351,81.178) and with >5 years of service; 81.238 (95 % CI 80.621,81.855). Statistically significant (p-value <0.001) results were shown based on the time effect and mean MOGC score with HMTK; pre-intervention 72.426 (95%CI 71.045, 73.808) and post-intervention 88.576 (95 % CI 87.922, 89.230). The mean MOGC score post-intervention based on the time effect and years of service for both groups were statistically significant (p-value <0.001) and increment was shown in <5 years of service; 69.252 (14.915) to 87.149 (6.484) while >5 years of service; 73.485 (14.281) to 89.613 (5.149). Statistically significant was shown by years of service in time-group interaction effect pre- and post-intervention (p-value <0.001); pre-intervention for <5 years of service; 71.892 (95%CI 69.339,74.446) and >5 of service; 72.960 (95 % CI 71.895,74.075). Post-intervention in <5 years of service; 87.692 (95%CI 86.427,88.846) while >5 years of service; 89.516 (95%CI 88.987,90.044). ConclusionThe HMTK is an effective tool to improve the management of hypertension among doctors.

Defining the directions for the impact of administrative management tools on the project management system

The object of this study is project management under the changing conditions of the modern economy. The way the top management of the company affects the implementation of projects in various sectors and branches of production is an issue related to business development in general. An increasing number of enterprises use project tools to adjust production processes. To this end, in particular, it is advisable to use administrative management tools against the background of its improvement at the level of the company's management. The logic of this study construction implies an emphasis on theoretical and experimental components. The theoretical foundations of the study include the identification of administrative management tools. The coverage of the experimental part is devoted to multifactorial regression analysis (the coefficient of determination is 0.715) of the influence of administrative management factors on the effectiveness of projects based on construction excavations. The interpretation of the research data confirms that the administrative management toolkit could be optimally used to establish high-quality project management. Based on the study of aspects of the relationship between administrative management and project management, the definition of administrative management and the project management system at modern enterprises is proposed. The study concluded that it is necessary to use those levers that are common in companies of industrialized countries of the world. Europe's experience will be useful in spreading the practice of project management in enterprises of countries with transition economies. The results of the research could be used at enterprises of various sectors of industry, agriculture, and the service domain, in particular at construction enterprises that were chosen as the object of research

THE EXTENT OF UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF SAN MARIANO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

This study aimed to determine the extent of understanding and implementing disaster risk management at San Mariano National High School. The Participatory School Disaster Management Toolkit, created by Save the Children as a contribution to the implementation of Comprehensive School Safety Pillar 2—School Disaster Management—was the data source for quantitative research, which employed the descriptive-evaluative method. The San Mariano National High School's understanding and implementation of disaster risk management were examined using the mean and standard deviation. A Likert scale was employed to gauge the level of understanding and implementation. Considering the results, although the faculty and staff of San Mariano National High School do not belong to the disaster risk reduction management council, programs and activities for disaster risk reduction are executed successfully. The results also showed that faculty and staff understand and participate in disaster risk reduction, response, and preparedness. However, many faculty members and staff encountered difficulties putting these programs into practice, so they were advised to develop a more comprehensive disaster risk reduction management plan that would meet the needs of the school, maintain and upgrade DRR programs, add more members to the DRR organization, purchase and identify facilities and equipment for emergencies, and finally regularly review and assess the implementation of disaster risk reduction programs to achieve very well-implemented DRRM programs.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПІДХОДУ ЖИТТЄВОГО ЦИКЛУ ДЛЯ АНАЛІЗУ ГАЛУЗЕВОЇ СПЕЦИФІКУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ

The article raises the issue of expanding the management toolkit for managers of manufacturing enterprises by structuring business development using the life cycle methodology. The author proposes to separate the life cycles of a product and an operational process for a manufacturing enterprise in order to analyze in more detail the industry specifics of the manufacturing enterprise management model. The authors describe the stages of the life cycle of a product and a production process separately, which allows to more accurately formulate the conditions under which the growth, development and decline of manufacturing enterprises occur. Thus, the presentation of the subject area of the study in the form of a "Process - Product" matrix allows analyzing the variability of approaches to managing the manufacturing business. The paper provides a certain algorithm for choosing an approach to management depending on the market situation and the current position of the enterprise in the competitive struggle. In other words, this tool allows structuring strategic alternatives for further steps of the business in the market. The authors also propose the stages of the life cycle of a manufacturing business, including a description of each stage according to the main characteristics of the management model. The paper provides a basic scenario of the enterprise's movement through the life cycle, taking into account the risks and financial efficiency of the business. Thus, this approach forms a roadmap for business development from a startup to a full-fledged business. The most probable risks for management in making management decisions in the transition between stages are analyzed, the nature of their occurrence and the criteria for their manifestation are identified. Summarizing, it can be concluded that the proposed tools allow expanding the possibilities for the management of the enterprise to make timely and appropriate management decisions.

Development of Green Disaster Management Toolkit to Achieve Carbon Neutrality Goals in Flood Risk Management

Current flood risk management projects have been criticized for their high carbon emissions, raising the need for carbon emission reduction and carbon absorption efforts to mitigate environmental impacts and achieve carbon neutrality goals. The research develops a comprehensive green disaster risk management toolkit to calculate the carbon emissions and absorption quantitatively based on the unit volume of materials and processes employed in a flood risk management project. As a result of applying the developed toolkit to a about 22,300 small stream restoration projects in Korea, the total carbon emissions were estimated to be 1,158,840.7 tons of CO2, of which 89.4% of the total carbon emissions originated from concrete-related construction activities, such as cement and ready-mixed concrete pouring. As a result of evaluating the nationwide carbon absorption results of all small stream restoration projects, total absorption by 2030 is expected to be 3.0 to 10.2 times higher than carbon emissions. The comprehensive toolkits are expected to support the selection of customized processes, materials, and methods by providing a systematic approach to calculate and minimize carbon emissions, ultimately contributing to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals in flood risk management projects.

Innovative Management Through Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence has really revolutionized the panorama of management. By harnessing the energy of information evaluation and automation, it streamlines tasks, complements decision-making, and predicts upcoming tendencies. This now no longer only outcomes in price, financial savings but also lets in for the personalization of client experiences, fostering loyalty and satisfaction. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence extends its effect throughout diverse sides of business, from human assets to operations and security. It acts as a diligent detective, uncovering precious insights inside large datasets, comparable to fixing a complicated puzzle. Its capacity to expect future tendencies and proactively optimize operations is comparable to having a strategic best friend in management. Artificial Intelligence versatility shines through in its ability to address multifaceted tasks, including reading customer preferences, optimizing Artificial Intelligence allocation, detecting fraud, and conducting online sentiment evaluation. Its position in decision-making and performance enhancement cannot be overstated, making it an essential asset in the modern management toolkit. However, accountable, and cautious usage is paramount to ensure its positive effect while mitigating ability risks. Artificial Intelligence is a notable change that simplifies management processes, empowers leaders with insights, and positions agencies for boom and competitiveness. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Management, Operation, Evaluation, Decision, Ability, Tasks, Insights, Tendencies

RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ORGANIZATIONS

Task. Risk management, as an independent part of the science of «management», is actively studied by analysts and other researchers. The modern development of risk management is determined by the need for the practical implementation of optimal and effective procedures aimed at managing the risks of the organization. The problem is that risks directly affect the state of economic security of the enterprise, while the enterprise does not always have an understanding of «what risk management is, what is its connection with ensuring the economic security of the organization». The purpose of the study is to form such an understanding and clarify a number of existing statements in this area. Model. The author reveals the essence of the category «risk management» and conducts a study of the close connection with the concept of «economic security of an organization». Conclusions. Risk management seems to be an adaptation toolkit for enterprise risk management, including ensuring balanced and optimal business development in order to ensure a high level of economic security of the organization. Practical significance. Popularizing risk management in organizations as an effective tool in solving problems related to risk management will draw the attention of company management to the practical orientation of risk management procedures to ensure economic security and their effectiveness and efficiency in practice. Originality. The modern directions of development of risk management are clarified in order to ensure the economic security of the organization.

Choice of tools of anti-crisis management at industrial enterprises of Ukraine

The relevance of the research of the tools of anti-crisis management at domestic enterprises and the prerequisites for its optimization in conditions of systemic financial and economic crisis and military conflict are substantiated. The structure of the anti-crisis management system and peculiarities of choosing the anti-crisis management toolkit are defined, which includes tools for identifying the crisis at the enterprise, tools for developing anti-crisis management decisions and tools for assessing the effectiveness of adopted anti-crisis management decisions. It is substantiated that the concept of anti-crisis management determines the relationship between the components of the "reactive" and "preventive" character in the anti-crisis management system, the role and place of the anti-crisis component in the general strategy of enterprise management. The concept of crisis management should take into account such features of the enterprise as: size, industry, methods of capital formation, stage of the life cycle of the enterprise, types of production and financial strategy, market position, types of risks inherent in this enterprise. The tools of crisis management at the enterprise are investigated within two large groups: diagnostic methods and methods aimed at overcoming the crisis. The tools of crisis management are considered in terms of the stages of crisis at the enterprise. The priority of preventive measures in the anti-crisis management system has been determined. The model of anti-crisis management tools is proposed taking into account the factors of crisis, stages of crisis, tasks of anti-crisis management at the enterprise. Therefore, during the study, stages, crisis factors, the structure of the crisis management toolkit, which includes both tools for diagnosing the crisis state at the enterprise and directly tools for overcoming the crisis, which can be the basis for optimizing the crisis management system at the enterprise, are determined.

Системная модель конструирования стратегии развития газодобывающего бизнеса на отдаленных территориях

The article proposes the author’s system model of designing the development strategy of gas production busi-ness in the Arctic territories, which is based on a step-by-step algorithm of actions in the competitive conditions of the core business (pipeline gas) and options for additional diversification by using of alternative approaches of gas production selling. Necessity of regulation of core business development on the basis of the proposed management toolkit of development strategizing is substantiated. Proposals for integrating business projects into the strategy of business development in remote areas are formulated. The aim of the study is to clarify the methodological provisions of strategizing the development of gas production business in remote areas. Scien-tific innovation is refinement of staged algorithm to improve processes of strategy development for gas produc-tion business and updating of strategies according to design stages and support relevance of approaches to influence on business objects under conditions of economic instability. The research methodology is based on the deductive-inductive approach using the methods of system analysis, cause-and-effect relationships, and structuring.

Overview of the Trajectory-Ensemble Potential Source Apportionment Web (TraPSA-Web) Toolkit for Atmospheric Pollutant Source Identification

Trajectory ensemble receptor models (TERMs) were widely used to determine the likely source locations and apportionment of air pollutants. This paper describes the development and applications of the Trajectory-ensemble Potential Source Apportionment Web application (TraPSA-Web), a comprehensive toolkit for likely atmospheric pollutant source location apportionments using TERMs and back trajectories generated with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The TERMs integrated within the TraPSA-web include Concentration Field Analysis (CFA), Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT), single-site and multiple-site Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), and Simplified Quantitative Transport Bias Analysis (SQBA). TraPSA-Web is designed as a web application with a user-friendly modern graphical user interface (GUI), which largely enhances the accessibility to the users. TraPSA-Web will provide the air quality research community with a sophisticated toolkit for (1) easy management of the research project and datasets, (2) efficient automatization for HYSPLIT configurations, calculations, and result aggregations, (3) flexible configurations for the research scenarios and TERM parameters, and (4) interactive visualizations for the pollutant pattern analysis and TERM result mapping.

(O-K4) Two-year Results from a New Model Pain Coach Educator Program and Integrative Discharge Toolkit for Pain Management in an Urban US Teaching Hospital and Emergency Department During COVID-19 Pandemic

(O-K4) Two-year Results from a New Model Pain Coach Educator Program and Integrative Discharge Toolkit for Pain Management in an Urban US Teaching Hospital and Emergency Department During COVID-19 Pandemic

Soft HRM bundles: a potential toolkit for future crisis management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper spans twofold. Firstly, to investigate Human Resource Management practices (HRMP) adopted by organisations during the pandemic. Secondly, to bundle similar HRMP into Human Resource Management (HRM) bundles that provided unhindered organisational support to employees during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted 39 in-depth interviews across industries using a semi-structured interview schedule. Thereafter, the authors transcribed the interviews verbatim and analysed them thematically using MAXQDA 2021.FindingsThe study identifies effective practices during times of uncertainty and how soft HRM practices helped organisations survive during a crisis. When bundled together, these practices enabled organisations to continue operations during the pandemic, keeping their employees engaged and motivated.Practical implicationsBased on the learnings from the COVID-19 pandemic, the study provides a toolkit of HRMP bundles that organisations can adopt for future crisis management, enhancing the organisations’ absorptive capacity.Originality/valueThe study investigates the practices incorporated during COVID-19, leading to the identification of soft HRM bundles. The study adds value to the existing domain of HRM by including a unique set of soft HRMP bundles that have not been discussed in earlier studies and could be of high utility to organisations during the crisis.