Management Strategy Evaluation Research Articles

Climate-readiness of fishery management procedures with application to the southeast US Atlantic

Abstract Global climate change threatens the assumption of stationarity inherent in many fisheries management decisions. This heightens the importance of developing management strategies that are robust to future uncertainty. Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a framework in which management procedures (MPs) can be developed and tested using closed-loop simulation. We explored the performance of various model-based and empirical MPs with nonstationary future projections for three commercially and recreationally important fish stocks in the southeast US Atlantic. Using openMSE, we tested candidate MP performance across projections designed to emulate plausible future conditions, including regime shifts, nonstationarity, and observation error shifts in the survey index. Candidate MP performance was primarily measured based on its ability to maintain a healthy stock biomass. Results of this MSE demonstrate that several empirical MPs may be better able to adapt to regime shifts and nonstationary dynamics compared to traditional model-based MPs that employ full age-structured stock assessments, though empirical MPs struggle to maintain stock biomass when facing artificial index observation error shifts. Relative performance of model-based versus empirical MPs varied by stock and climate-change scenario. These findings highlight the value that adaptive MPs may hold for climate-ready fisheries management.

Accounting for Salmon Body Size Declines in Fishery Management Can Reduce Conservation Risks

ABSTRACTChanges in population demographic structure can have tangible but unknown effects on management effectiveness. Fishery management of Pacific salmon is often informed by estimates of the number of spawners expected to produce maximum sustainable yield (SMSY), implicitly assuming that reproductive output per spawner does not change over time. However, many salmon populations have experienced long‐term trends in age, sex and length compositions that have resulted in smaller body sizes of mature fish. We present an empirically based simulation approach for evaluating management implications of declining reproductive output resulting from shifting demographics. We simulated populations with or without demographic trends, selective or unselective harvests, and harvest policies based on assessment methods that did or did not account explicitly for demographic trends when estimating SMSY. A management strategy evaluation showed reduced expected harvests and run sizes when populations exhibited negative demographic trends. Reduced abundances and increased conservation risks (higher probability of falling below an abundance threshold) could be partially mitigated by using stock‐recruitment analyses based on total egg mass instead of spawner abundance, or via precautionary management where target escapements were higher than SMSY, especially in fisheries that selectively removed large fish. Explicit accounting of demographic trends in stock‐recruit analyses resulted in up to 25% higher run sizes and up to 20% lower conservation risks compared to traditional methods when trends toward smaller, younger and male‐biased runs were present in the population. Conservation of population demographic structure may be critical for sustaining productive fish populations and their benefits to ecosystems and people.

Evaluating Treatment and Management Strategies for Diarrhea and Typhoid Fever in Uganda

Diarrhea and typhoid fever remain significant public health challenges in Uganda, contributing to high morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. This review evaluates current treatment and management strategies for these diseases, focusing on standard protocols, rehydration therapy, and the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance. Diarrhea, primarily caused by infectious agents, accounts for a substantial portion of childhood morbidity and mortality, while typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, poses severe health risks, particularly in urban areas with poor sanitation. Effective management relies on timely interventions, including rehydration therapy, which significantly reduces the risk of dehydration-related complications. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance complicates treatment efficacy, necessitating ongoing evaluation and adaptation of management strategies. This review highlights the importance of integrated public health approaches that combine treatment, prevention, and community education to address the interplay of these diseases in Uganda. Key recommendations include the exploration of novel treatment modalities, robust surveillance of resistance patterns, and understanding the impact of climate change on disease incidence. Keywords: Diarrhea, Typhoid fever, Uganda, Public health, Rehydration therapy, Antibiotic resistance.

Exploring an Understanding of Menarche and Its Challenges Among Primary School Girls in Tanzania

This study examines the understanding and challenges of menarche among primary school girls in Tanzania, addressing three key objectives: assessing awareness of menarche and its associated challenges, evaluating management strategies, and determining the impact of menstrual disorders on academic performance. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, data were collected from four primary schools involving 60 female pupils from standards five to seven and four matron teachers. Findings reveal that while 51.7% of pupils have some understanding of menstruation, nearly 50% remain uninformed, especially in lower grades. The study also shows that menstruation onset is a significant developmental milestone, with 85% of Standard Seven pupils menstruating compared to 25% in Standard Five. Challenges such as stomach pains, lack of appetite, and inadequate access to sanitary products were also reported by 45% of students. Infrastructural deficits, including a lack of private changing rooms and proper disposal systems, were further reported to hinder effective menstrual management. Additionally, traditional practices for managing menstrual pain were reported, highlighting the need for integrating professional medical advice. Furthermore, menstrual challenges led to absenteeism, decreased concentration, and reduced confidence among girls, which directly affected their educational outcomes and exacerbated gender disparities in education. Based on these findings, the study advocates for early menstrual education, improved school infrastructure, and comprehensive support systems to enhance girls’ well-being and academic success, presenting menstruation as a socio-educational issue that requires a holistic, integrated approach from all stakeholders.

Improving morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension: insights from a nation-wide registry

Abstract Background and aims In this retrospective analysis of a nation-wide registry on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), group IV and V, we evaluated management strategies, morbidity and mortality across three consecutive time periods. Methods This study included 903 patients enrolled from 24 cardiology centers participating in the RegiStry on clInical outcoMe and sUrvival in pulmonaRy hypertension Groups (SIMURG II). Patients were divided into three enrollment periods: before 2016, the era of monotherapy or sequential combination therapies; between 2016 and 2019, post-approval and re-imbursement of macitentan in our country, marking a shift towards more proactive sequential combinations; and after 2019, signifying the initiation of earlier sequential combinations with selexipag in PAH. ESC/ERS 2022, COMPERA 2.0 and REVEAL lite 2 models were used for risk predictions. Composite endpoint (CEP) definitions were adopted from the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON trials. Results Age (mean +SD) was 51.27 + 21.37 years, and 72 % were female. Incident cases were noted in 65.9 % of patients. Idiopathic PAH (IPAH), PAH-associated with congenital heart diseases (CHD-PAH), PAH-associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH), porto-PAH, Group IV and V pulmonary hypertension (PH) were documented in 33 %, 33.5 %, 12 %, 1.6 %, 20 % and 1.7 % of patients, respectively. Background mono and dual targeted combinations, and sequential triple combinations were noted in 17 %, 57 % and 26 % of patients, respectively. Baseline low-, intermediate-, and high-risk were noted in 1.2 %, 14.1 %, and 84.7 %, respectively. Median follow-up time (day) was 867 (412-1667). Overall rates of mortality and CEP were 26 % and 39%, respectively. There were increases in the % of PAH and group IV PH, and decreases in the % of CHD-PAH across the three periods. Prevalent versus incident cases were associated signifinatly lower mortality and CEP ( p=0.028 and p=0.024, respectively). Outcomes for mortality and CEP were predicted by three risk models (p<0.0001 for all). Mortality and CEP rates were 31 % and 44 % in IPAH, 20 % and 39 % in CHD-PAH, 31 % and 43 % in CTD-PAH, and 25 % and 30 % in group IV patients, respectively. In overall PH population, rates of mortality and CEP documented at 1st, 2nd and 3rd periods were 64 % and 67 %, 29 % and 31 %, and 3.5 % and 5.1 %, respectively (p< 0.001, for all). Mortality rates for 1st, 2nd and 3rd periods were 49 %, 39 % and 11 % in IPAH, 62 %, 33 % and 5.3 % in CHD-PAH, 47 %, 45 % and 7.7 in CTD-PAH, and 37 %, 52 % and 11 % in group IV, respectively (p< 0.001, for all). However, mortality curves showed sudden increases in 2020 that might be attributed to COVID-19. Conclusions Our nation-wide data revealed improving survival in the overall PH population, PAH and Group IV PH that might be associated with risk-based earlier targeted combination strategies. However, this trend seems to be counterbalanced with COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of flood hazard vulnerabilities and innovative management strategies in Afghanistan’s central region

Evaluation of flood hazard vulnerabilities and innovative management strategies in Afghanistan’s central region

Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Adverse Outcomes of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is recognized within the spectrum of adult cardiomyopathies for its unique pathophysiologic features and clinical challenges. This condition exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic states to severe cardiovascular complications, making its diagnosis and management challenging. This study aimed to synthesize current data on the prevalence, diagnostic methods, clinical outcomes, and treatment efficacy of LVNC in adults to address gaps in understanding and management strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of research from 2000 to March 2024 was conducted, focusing on studies involving adults diagnosed with LVNC. This approach aimed to collect data on the prevalence of LVNC, the diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities, clinical manifestations, and the impact of different treatment strategies. The study showed a prevalence of LVNC of 0.5%, with cardiovascular magnetic resonance outperforming echocardiography in diagnosis with a detection rate of 1.3%. Mortality and heart transplantation rates were 12% and 7%, respectively. Significant predictors of adverse outcomes included New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, ventricular tachycardia, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), guiding a nuanced approach in tailoring therapeutic strategies to optimize patient care and outcomes. This study advances the understanding of LVNC by refining diagnostic criteria and evaluating management strategies, highlighting the superiority of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. It identifies predictors of adverse outcomes and assesses treatment efficacy, urging precision in diagnosis and tailored treatments. Its comprehensive analysis and methodological rigor make it a key resource advocating a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes in LVNC.

Characterisation and simulated evaluation of electricity management strategies for Prosumers, Prosumagers, and other end-users

ABSTRACT Distributed photovoltaic generation has been raised as a dependable electricity substitute for implementing a decarbonised energy transition. The dynamics of PV systems with battery storage have led to new electricity end-user classifications that select their electricity systems and resources wisely, i.e. Prosumers and Prosumagers. This work presents a technical and economic assessment to analyse the effect of decision-making independent end-users and electricity management strategies through a novel time-discrete deterministic simulation model. The end-user's choice of battery storage technology and their approach to electricity management emerge as pivotal factors influencing their strategic decisions. Adopting a prosumer strategy, such as storing and selling surplus self-production, reduces the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), benefiting the end-user economically. Notably, the most effective battery storage technology may only sometimes be the one that is most readily available in the market. These findings enhance our understanding of novel end-user types and underscore the practical implications of their evolutionary shift towards independence.

Synthesising a network of evidence on a seabird bycatch mitigation measure

AbstractRobust estimates of the relative efficacies of alternative management interventions are essential for developing evidence‐informed fisheries bycatch policy. Bycatch is a major threat to the conservation of albatrosses and other pelagic seabirds. Branchline weighting is one approach prescribed by regional fisheries management organisations and the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels to reduce seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries. We used a Bayesian multilevel network meta‐regression modelling approach to conduct the first synthesis of available evidence to assess the relative efficacies at mitigating seabird bycatch of alternative pelagic longline weighting designs. Unlike conventional pairwise meta‐analysis, network meta‐analysis enables the simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions within a coherent modelling framework. There was a > 97% probability that all weighting designs significantly reduced seabird bycatch compared to a reference design with no weight within 5 m of the hook. Nonetheless, some weighting designs were significantly more effective at reducing seabird bycatch than others—for instance, the 2 designs with weights >60 g and >1 m from the hook performed the best with >93% probability that those 2 designs performed significantly better than 2 more commonly used designs with less weight but attached closer to the hook. These two best performing designs reduced seabird bycatch by ca 89% relative to the reference design. These relative efficacies and rankings, when combined with other performance criteria such as costs to commercial viability and crew safety, support robust evaluations of alternative bycatch management strategies.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

In this article, based on the latest literature sources, such an important issue of management theory and practice as the analysis and evaluation of human resource management strategies is investigated. The main stages of the human resource management strategy analysis process that a company should go through to determine the compliance of the strategy with the expected results are considered: analysis, diagnosis, generalisation and recommendations, drawing up an action plan.,resource planning, costs and benefits. Two main human resource management strategies are presented: a general strategy, such as improving the quality of job performance, and a specific strategy dealing with various aspects of managing employees' skills and abilities: training, rewards, increasing motivation. Human resource management strategies such as: commitment-based, collaborative, paternalistic and traditional are analysed and evaluated.

Outcomes of infants with birthweights less than 501 g compared to infants weighing 501-750 g at a center utilizing first intention high frequency jet ventilation.

Data on clinical outcomes of infants with birthweights less than 501 g (ELBW<501) are limited. To evaluate management strategies and clinical outcomes of ELBW<501infants compared to infants weighing 501-750 g (ELBW501-750). A retrospective study of all ELBW<501 and ELBW501-750 infants born between 2012 and 2022 at a center utilizing first intention high frequency jet ventilation was performed. Patient characteristics, clinical and outcome data were compared between the two groups. A total of 358 infants (92 ELBW<501 infants and 266 ELBW501-750) were included. The survival rate for the ELBW<501 group was 60.9% compared to 86.5% for ELBW501-750. ELBW<501 infants required more frequent use of 2.0 mm endotracheal tubes, required higher FiO2 and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Compared to ELBW501-750 group, the ELBW<501 group were more likely to be SGA (68.2% vs. 16.5%) and more premature (23.2 vs. 24.3 weeks) with lower survival, longer length of stay, higher incidence of ROP and lower weight at discharge but comparable rates of IVH, grade 3 BPD, discharged on supplemental oxygen, and tracheostomy. ELBW<501 infants are at risk for significant morbidity and mortality. However, with specialized obstetric and neonatal care, survival rates of 60% are possible with respiratory outcomes comparable to ELBW501-750 infants. However, the increased risk of severe ROP for ELBW<501 requiring either surgical or medical intervention is concerning and warrants optimal surveillance.

Assessment of meteorological drought impacts on rainfed agriculture using remote sensing-derived biomass productivity.

Assessing drought impacts is necessary for pursuing sustainable development goals relevant to food security and land degradation. Data availability is a major restriction and remote sensing has been promoted for this purpose. Version 3 of WaPOR has been released in 2023, which provides global coverage of remote sensing-derived water productivity indicators and could allow improved analysis of drought impacts, but validation is still needed. This study explores the utility of remote sensing-derived productivity data from WaPOR as a proxy indicator for agricultural drought impacts. The analysis utilized (1) production surveys, (2) meteorological measurements for drought analysis, and (3) remote sensing-derived gross and net biomass water productivities (GBWP & NBWP) and total biomass production (TBP). All layers were analyzed against the Standardized Precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Indices (SPI and SPEI) over drought-vulnerable locations in Irbid and Madaba governorates in Jordan. Strong and significant correlations (R2 0.5-0.8, P < 0.05) were obtained between drought intensities and GBWP and NBWP layers, particularly in the May-Sep periods. These correlations were higher than previously tested remotely sensed indicators for agricultural drought impacts. Water productivity and biomass production averages were lower during drier periods and higher during wet periods, but pairwise testing did not reveal significant differences. There is sufficient evidence that WaPOR data demonstrates behavior that reflects agricultural response to drought, and further assessment in other agroclimatic zones is recommended. This could potentially allow for enhanced evaluation of management strategies, decision support, and policy recommendations for drought mitigation.

Evaluation of chemical weed management strategies for enhanced yield and profitability of Mentha crops in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh

Evaluation of chemical weed management strategies for enhanced yield and profitability of Mentha crops in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh

Management of spinal trauma in pregnant patients: A systematic review of the literature.

Despite the high incidence of spine trauma globally, traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) during pregnancy is considered a rare medical emergency. The literature on acute management of these patients is sparse compared with that of mothers with preexisting tSCI. This systematic review aims to evaluate management strategies for tSCI during pregnancy in improving neurologic, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes. A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed without language restriction from inception until November 2, 2023 for patients who acquired tSCI during pregnancy. Excluded articles described postpartum trauma, trauma before pregnancy, or SCI of nontraumatic etiology such as neoplastic, vascular, hemorrhagic, or ischemic origin. Primary outcomes investigated were maternal American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, pregnancy termination, cesarean delivery, prematurity, and neonatal adverse events. Data from 73 patients were extracted from 43 articles from 1955 to 2023. The mothers' median age was 24 years (interquartile range, 23-30 years), and the average gestational age at the time of injury was 21.1 ± 7.7 weeks. The thoracic spine was the most common segment affected (41.1%) and had the greatest proportion of complete tSCI (46.6%). Furthermore, ASIA score improvement was observed in 17 patients with 3 patients experiencing a 2-score improvement and 1 patient experiencing a 3-score improvement. Among these patients, 86% of ASIA B and 100% of ASIA C patients showed neurologic improvement, compared to only 17% of ASIA A patients. Surgically managed patients had a lower rate of neonatal adverse events than conservatively managed patients (11% vs. 34%). Acute tSCI requires a coordinated effort between a multidisciplinary team with careful consideration. While maternal neurologic improvement was observed more often following a better ASIA grade on presentation, the presence of neonatal adverse events was less common in patients treated with surgery than in patients who were managed conservatively. Systematic Review; Level IV.

Performance of length limits to sustain a data- and capacity-limited fishery

Length limit regulations are widely recommended to sustain fish biomass and fishery yields, particularly for data- and capacity-limited fisheries. However, previous findings were generally derived from equilibrium conditions, used hypothetical fisheries, and/or did not explicitly quantify the performance of length limits under a combination of implementation levels, increasing fishing effort, and discard mortality. Here, we apply the management strategy evaluation (MSE) framework to test the performance of three length-limit management procedures (MPs)—maturity and high maturity length limits (i.e., minimum length limits set at and above the length at maturity, respectively) and slot length limit (i.e., excludes both immature and very large fish from retention)—in Iran's largely unregulated, data- and capacity-limited kingfish fishery. We subject these MPs to different conditions, including strong and weak implementations, discard mortality, and an expansion in future fishing efforts, and quantify their overall performance in terms of fishing mortality, biomass, and yield. Our results show that strong implementation of length limits results in the largest gains: the lowest future long-term fishing mortality and the highest biomass and yields relative to the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) level. When illegal-sized fish are selected but discarded with high discard mortality under strong implementation, or retained under weak implementation, the benefits of length limits are severely reduced. Still, length limits are projected to result in much lower fishing mortality and maintain biomass and fishery yields near MSY levels compared to the current fishery's selectivity and retention. Over the entire projection period, the high maturity length limit provided the highest probability of sustainable biomass and the highest mean relative yield under weak implementation and a growing future fishing effort. Our results underscore the benefits of implementing length limit regulation in sustaining data- and capacity-limited fisheries, particularly if current fishing conditions involve selecting and retaining small and immature fish under a high and growing fishing mortality rate.

Identifying stakeholder preferences for rebuilding a Canadian Atlantic redfish fishery—limitations and benefits of different opinion survey approaches

Fisheries management authorities seek to improve the incorporation of stakeholders’ preferences into decision-making but conventional approaches to assessing stakeholder viewpoints may risk under-representing a diversity of opinions. In Atlantic Canada’s units 1 and 2 redfish fisheries, there are competing visions about re-developing the fishery following historical overfishing. A management strategy evaluation (MSE) sought to identify which fishery objectives should guide the formulation of performance metrics. Following the MSE, we carried out a study to further sample the social, economic, and ecological objectives for the fishery using multiple questioning methods: i.e., workshops, questionnaires, and interviews. Results of interviews and questionnaires identified areas of consensus and complexity of opinion among the different groups (commercial, government and Indigenous), and showed that the workshop-based performance metrics defined in the MSE underrepresented the diversity of stakeholder preferences, particularly regarding social and economic goals. Multi-method and multi-disciplinary approaches to formalizing objectives are resource-intensive. However, there is value in applying multiple methods to systematically develop and formalize performance metrics that accurately reflect a diversity of stakeholders’ priorities for the fishery.

Small pelagic fish: new frontiers in science and sustainable management

Small pelagic fishes occupy an important trophic role in every global aquatic ecosystem, and many species are heavily exploited by fisheries, including some of the largest and most valuable capture fisheries in the world. In November 2022, a symposium on small pelagic fish titled “ Small Pelagic Fish: New Frontiers in Science and Sustainable Management” was cohosted by PICES, ICES, and FAO in Lisbon, Portugal. This special issue contains a collection of research manuscripts that explore approaches currently being used and developed to assess and manage small pelagic fishes. In particular, this issue covers topics on novel approaches to surveying small pelagic fishes, incorporating environmental covariates into management, management strategy evaluation, and aspects of the economics of small pelagic fisheries. The conclusions highlight the importance of new approaches that seek to enhance small pelagic fish surveys and ecosystem monitoring, incorporate that ecosystem information into management strategy evaluation, and predict the potential impacts of ecosystem changes on outcomes for economies and communities that rely on sustainable populations of small pelagic fishes.

MEXICAN PINK ABALONE (Haliotis corrugata WOOD, 1828) FISHERY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION: A DATA-LIMITED APPROACH

Management procedures (MP) were evaluated to address alternative management of the pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata) fishery in the Mexican Pacific. This assessment utilized the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) platform within the context of management strategy evaluation (MSE). This species has been a crucial component of the abalone fishery in Mexico, with a history dating back to the 19th century. Since 1996, fishery authorities and fishermen have noted a decline in the stock biomass. In response, they implemented various strategies and efforts to address the situation. However, despite these measures, the stock has yet to recover satisfactorily. Eight MP were evaluated, and two corresponded to the status quo (current catch and effort). The simulation results suggest that relying solely on effort-based MP falls short of meeting the management objectives set in the reference points (Biomass and Yield). In contrast, alternative strategies involving different quota allocation strategies (e.g., based on the depletion level) demonstrated superior performance and a higher likelihood of meeting management objectives. Despite incorporating fishery information, the existing management procedures could have performed better in the simulation. Therefore, it is crucial to assess and implement alternative management strategies that are more likely to succeed

Predicting relapsed/refractory disease in childhood hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis based on clinical features at diagnosis: A 13-year single-institute retrospective study in Thailand.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease. Relapsed/refractory disease is the main cause of death. This study aims to determine the prognostic indicators for relapsed/refractory disease in childhood HLH (R/R HLH). Infants and children under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with HLH according to HLH-2004 criteria, MAS-HLH criteria for rheumatologic diseases, or H-score undergoing treatment in Chiang Mai University hospital between 2010 and 2022 were included. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were retrospectively reviewed. Out of 86 childhood HLH cases, 30 patients (34.9%) experienced R/R HLH. All patients with primary HLH developed R/R HLH. The most common form of secondary HLH was infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS), comprising 43 cases. Of these, 37.2% had relapsed or refractory disease. Univariable analysis identified several potential risk factors for R/R HLH, including younger age, severe disease status, higher HLH-2004 criteria scores, higher H-scores, overt DIC, higher pSOFA scores, and increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a pSOFA score of ≥ 8 and age < 3 years were independent risk factors for R/R HLH, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-34.19; P = 0.032) and 3.62 (95% CI, 1.04-12.63; P = 0.044), respectively. Children with HLH who have a pSOFA score of ≥ 8, or are younger than 3 years, are at a higher risk of relapsed or refractory disease. Further evaluation of management strategies in this context is warranted.

ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS IN CHILDHOOD

Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye condition prevalent among children, characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva resulting from an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust, dust mites and animal dander. This disease is a manifestation of the immune system and causes symptoms such as intense itching, tearing, hyperemia and a sensation of a foreign body in the eyes. The management of allergic conjunctivitis ranges from simple measures, such as frequent eye washing and avoidance of allergens, to the use of medications such as antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers and topical corticosteroids. In childhood, the management of allergic conjunctivitis faces difficulties such as variability in response to treatment and the impossibility of completely avoiding exposure to allergens. The general objective of this study is to evaluate management strategies for allergic conjunctivitis in childhood, with an emphasis on the effectiveness of available treatments and the identification of factors that influence the response to treatment. Specific objectives include analyzing the effectiveness of different treatments, investigating the influence of environmental and individual factors on disease severity and recurrence, and discussing the management of allergic conjunctivitis. This study is relevant as appropriate management of allergic conjunctivitis can prevent complications and improve children’s well-being. Identifying factors that influence response to treatment can contribute to the development of more personalized and effective therapeutic approaches. Recent literature highlights the need to improve education of parents and caregivers about allergic conjunctivitis to ensure appropriate management of the disease. Studies show that understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying the disease is crucial for developing new therapies. Therefore, this research not only adds to scientific knowledge about childhood allergic conjunctivitis, but also provides valuable insights for clinical practice and health policy formulation.