Management Processes Of Companies Research Articles

How internal auditing impacts governance mechanisms in small and medium-sized businesses

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) use internal auditing (IA) as a key tool to start governance processes in their organizations. SMEs can gain several advantages from IA, such as identifying and managing risks, creating a strong control environment, ensuring compliance, improving operational efficiency, and aligning their strategies with their objectives. By using IA, SMEs can build a solid foundation for success and adapt to today's changing business environment. SMEs encounter specific challenges in initiating governance processes because they lack the resources and infrastructure that larger organizations have. Integrating IA into a company's management process can be difficult for smaller businesses, so they need to make full use of IA. Therefore, this study aims to examine how IA influences the activation of governance mechanisms in SMEs. The study uses the design science method (DSM). The results show that IA significantly affects the activation of governance mechanisms in SMEs. IA helps identify and manage risks, improve internal controls, ensure regulatory compliance, and address issues of concern. Effective IA functions can enhance corporate governance practices, promote ethical decision-making within the organization, and improve the overall effectiveness and success of the organization.

METHODS AND TOOLS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN RELATION TO IS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES

The article discusses an information system that allows optimizing business processes and IT processes through automation using project management tools and designed to integrate existing subsystems. Special tools are used to design any technologically complex system. An architect draws up a project plan, an engineer draws up a detail drawing. A business is also a complex system with many connections, objects and interactions. To build a business architecture, special business modeling systems are used, one of which is the Fox Manager BPA program. In order to solve problems systematically, rather than intuitively, it is necessary to design the architecture of the business, prescribe rules and standards of work, distribute responsibility for functions among the staff and monitor their implementation. An information system for decision support using heterogeneous spatial data to optimize the company's management process is presented. The methodology proposed for the verification of IP is used for the first time in the systems under study. The article also presents studies of topical issues in the field of information technology in the field of telecommunications. In modern conditions, information technology (IT) in companies is present as a necessary attribute of technology for managing the process of production of goods and services, economic analysis and management decision-making. Currently, IT is used in many areas of management activity, and is increasingly becoming an important factor and means of solving numerous management tasks. Special tools are used to design any technologically complex system.

Knowledge Management in the Implementation of the Company's Business Strategy

The aim of the study is to learn and evaluate the impact of knowledge dynamics processes on the effectiveness of the implementation of the company's business strategy project. The implementation of the changes is the result of external circumstances related to the implementation of the company's tax policy. Elements of the tax policy implemented by the enterprise are a source of both threats and opportunities, and the volatility of the tax environment in which the enterprise operates is undoubtedly a challenge for enterprises. Observation and identification of these changes is a premise and tool for effective knowledge exchange, enabling the neutralization of threats and the use of emerging opportunities, especially in the implementation of changes. In the light of the considerations presented in the study, it can be indicated that knowledge management processes allow for the observation and description of changes in the environment, indicating the justification of emerging threats and opportunities in the company's environment and the reaction of the company, in particular in terms of the implementation of the company's tax policy, which fills the gap noted research. The implication of the conducted research is that there is a significant impact of external conditions, shaped, among others, by the company's tax environment, on the implemented project of the implemented business strategy, which can be effectively used in the company management process by increasing the effectiveness of knowledge management in the company. This means that the effectiveness of knowledge management can have a positive impact on the implementation of the company's business strategy. The research methods used to achieve the assumed goal are literature studies, descriptive analysis and survey research. Empirical research was based on 250 entities implementing tax policy in terms of corporate strategy. The research was carried out in 2021. The discussed problem is important and topical due to the possibility of achieving an increase in knowledge in the company and increasing the effectiveness of project implementation in the perspective of changes in the external environment.

SABCO—An experiential learning project for introductory managerial accounting

AbstractThis teaching brief presents a capstone project designed to provide students with a contextual understanding of introductory management accounting theories through hands‐on, experiential learning. It also exposes them to cross‐disciplinary roles from operations management. Using this capstone approach, students quickly learn to prepare financial projections, either manually or in Microsoft Excel, to secure financing for their start‐up business (Sand Art Brownie Company or SABCO) to produce and sell brownie mix during the holiday season. Students then assemble ingredients and create jars of brownie mix to gather the necessary data to evaluate initial projections and problem‐solve for future production. This role play contextualizes the elements of direct and indirect labor, fixed and variable costs, and their impact on profit and borrowing. Postproduction reflection on the manufacturing activities and discussion of actual results of operations emphasizes the improvement and decision‐making responsibilities in the management process. Feedback demonstrates that students find the exercise challenging and valuable and that it deepens their understanding of managerial accounting and its purpose in a company's management process.

Perencanaan Strategis SI/TI Menggunakan Analisis Ward & Peppard Pada Toko Trubus Pekabaru

Toko Trubus is a company that wants to invest in IS in the form of software development for its strategic business needs by using outsourcing services. Using information systems and information technology can improve business strategy. This analysis is useful for designing IS/IT that produces the output of a portfolio of software applications that best suit the conditions or needs of the company in achieving goals based on the vision and mission. Therefore, research using the Ward & Peppard method is expected to obtain optimal results in accordance with the objectives of this company's business strategy. It is hoped that this framework can improve the company's management process by managing information better in the future. This Ward & Peppard methodology is a methodology in which there are several diagrams that will help how to understand an organization or company, with an IS/IT strategic plan, so that it has an impact on future plans.

APPROACH AND STRUCTURE OF SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF PROJECT AND PROGRAM PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

The functional limitations of modern corporate project and program management systems are presented. It is shown that the main limitation of such systems is connected with the weak implementation of organizational and methodological components, especially in the processes of project and program portfolio management. The structure of project and program portfolio management system, focused on the management of project portfolios in project-oriented companies, is proposed. The necessity of creating project and program portfolio management system in the companies involved in the implementation of a significant number of complex projects is justified. It was shown that since such systems combine organizational and methodological components, they are highly dependent on the construction of the project-oriented company itself. On its organizational structure, company management processes, peculiarities of the production process and its management. The consequence of this is the uniqueness of project and program portfolio management system. Description of organizational, methodological, and technological components of such system is given. The distinctive features of these components in different companies are described. It is shown that the organization of 3P-management is based on the creation of a service engaged in the implementation of project management in the company. The methodological component of project and program portfolio management system should be based on project management meta-methodology. And information technology should be based on a matrix model of interaction between company management tools and projects. The ways of integration of organizational, methodological and technological components of project and program portfolio management systems based on the implementation of a system-forming project of creating a project and program portfolio management system are presented.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

The article establishes that the current functioning of railway enterprises, which is characterized by the presence of a maximum number of destabilizing factors, gives rise to many crisis phenomena in the activity of the passenger complex. Anti-crisis management is a qualitative basis for overcoming these negative trends. It has been established that the basis for ensuring the effectiveness of anti-crisis management of the passenger complex of railway transport is an appropriate system built on the principles of strategic management with disclosure of the features of the use of basic strategic tools in this process, as well as taking into account the features of management of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". One of the key tools of strategic management is strategic control, which in the conditions of the global transformation of factors of the external and internal environments should become a determining link in all subsystems of anti-crisis management of enterprises of the passenger complex. Subjects of strategic control in the system of anti-crisis management of the passenger complex of railway transport of Ukraine should include: business model; potential, which is a set of special skills and knowledge possessed by an organization or an individual, able to perform one or more critically important business processes in a way that no one else can, which allows to conduct a successful competitive struggle for a long time, strategic initiatives, the company's management process, corporate culture, opportunities. This will make it possible to ensure the effectiveness of the anti-crisis management system due to the timely and maximally complete achievement of the established strategic development guidelines, regardless of any change in the factors of both the external and internal environments of the functioning of the passenger complex of Ukraine. In general, the proposed system is aimed at the formation and improvement of the process of anti-crisis management of the passenger complex of railway transport due to the improvement of its strategic foundations of anti-crisis management through a review of the place and, accordingly, the role of strategic control in this system.

Application of Design Management Skills to Support the Use of Design in Product Innovation

Although companies in Slovakia achieve value in the use of design at the level of the European Union average, the lack of knowledge and information about the possibilities and potential benefits of design hinders the effective use of design as a key factor in successful innovation. Good design does not just happen by chance. It is usually the result of a well-managed process. Design management is becoming necessary because it allows the company to reflect the market's needs better and adapt to customers. When design management is part of a company's management processes, the design would significantly impact the company's economic performance and help ensure a competitive advantage in the market. Lack of design management skills is a major obstacle to the wider deployment and integration of design into companies. The paper aims to verify the impact of the achieved level of design management skills on the use of design in product innovation. Through a survey of Slovak companies in selected industries, the authors identified the attitude of companies to the use of design in product innovation. The authors used statistical methods to analyse the level of skills achieved in individual areas of design management. They identified the impact of the level of skills on the design use rate in innovation. This study includes factor and regression analysis methods. The design management skills assessment survey confirms the relationship and correlation between the level of design management skills and the intensity of the use of design in product innovation. The ability to engage others has emerged as the weakest in the design management skills assessment survey. Involving customers and suppliers and creating interdisciplinary teams could bring the company effective use of design in product innovation and thus achieve a significant and sustainable competitive advantage. According to the confirmed results, companies' training to gain the necessary skills in individual areas of design management should increase the level of mastery of these skills and consequently support the use of design in product innovations.

Evaluating Allegations of Misconduct at Ford from an Internal Control Perspective

The creation of large companies by bringing together the capital made it compulsory to form the executive staff. While the financial reports inform the stakeholders about the company's activities, the quality of financial information disclosed in these reports is ensured through independent and public audits. These audit activities give the stakeholders confidence in the usefulness of the financial statements in their decisions. Company managers create internal control systems to ensure their self-control and evaluate whether internal audit activities and business activities are carried out as they have determined. In addition, corporate governance practices that developed after many company scandals in the 2000s aimed to create a fair, transparent, accountable, and responsible management approach and structure in the management processes of companies. In addition to all these, companies apply the ethical principles they have determined to their employees and the parties they are in contact with. The development of information technologies enables companies to reduce the complexity of corporate management and auditing practices and allows these activities to be carried out faster. When there is a disruption in audit activities, there may be misleading financial statements, fraud, or misconduct. This study was prepared on allegations of corruption or abuse in an automotive company in the first quarter of 2021. The study examines the allegations as they are reflected in the press and evaluates them in terms of internal audit activities in line with the information disclosed.

Risk Management in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in an Enterprise – Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram

Abstract Business continuity depends on the quality of management of individual processes. The management team strives to anticipate all possible threats and define protective measures. In the event of the COVID-19 pandemic enterprises were not prepared for such threats. Therefore, an important role is played by the health and safety inspector who should be involved in the company management process. The impact of the safety aspects of the work environment on the quality and efficiency of work is even more important in the event of an unexpected hazard that is difficult to completely eliminate. The purpose of the paper is to present the causes and effects of the COVID-19 biohazard according to the Ishikawa diagram on the example of a selected process in an enterprise.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ И ОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

Production potential characterizes the amount of production resources of an enterprise and reflects its ability to produce products. The cost of production capacity and the level of its utilization are important information that can be used in the company's management process. The most relevant practical tasks related to determining the potential of an enterprise can include: assessing the total cost of production resources, the cost of the company, production efficiency, determining the overall scientific and technical level of production, the company's competitiveness, and the optimal size of production. Despite the fact that the tools of the theory of production potential can be used to solve various problems related to enterprise management, most research in this area is of a General theoretical nature. The article considers the essence of the production potential, methods for determining its value. It is concluded that one of the priority directions of using information about the potential of the enterprise is a more accurate assessment of the economic efficiency of production. The classification of indicators for evaluating the overall (absolute) production efficiency is carried out and it is proposed to Supplement it with a group of integral indicators, which include generalizing indicators for evaluating the production potential of the enterprise. The proposed approach will allow not only to conduct a more reasonable assessment of production efficiency, but also to develop certain theoretical positions in the field of determining production potential.

Use of corporate information systems in economics and management

Recently, interest in corporate information systems is constantly growing. If yesterday such information systems attracted the attention of a rather narrow circle of managers, now the problems of computerization of the economic and management processes of companies have become relevant for almost everyone. This is due not only to the requirements of the dynamic development of the economy, but also by the fact that today companies already have significant experience in using software products of various classes. The article discusses the functionality of corporate information systems, the accumulated foreign and domestic experience of their use and development prospects. The educational component is touched upon, which is development and associated with the use of corporate information systems and technologies in economics and management. For information technology to be used, you need to know their full potential. As a result, the management of the companies pay great attention to personnel training, as well as monitoring the latest developments in the field of information and communication technologies. This is necessary for the formation of personnel knowledge about the entire set of actions on economic information, which is carried out with the help of computer technology and appropriate software to obtain the optimum required result.

SAÚDE BASEADA EM VALOR

Value-based healthcare (VBHC) é um modelo que busca recompensar prestadores e tecnologias capazes de entregar resultados que agreguem valor para o paciente, de forma a otimizar a sustentabilidade na saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as percepções de médicos, gestores e representantes da indústria farmacêutica acerca dos conceitos relacionados a VBHC. Foram entrevistados stakeholders de diversas áreas dos sistemas de saúde brasileiro entre dezembro de 2018 e março de 2019 acerca de suas percepções em diferentes domínios relacionados à estrutura organizacional, gestão e gestão baseada em valor. De 100 stakeholders contatados, 36 responderam aos questionários. Referente ao domínio organizacional, os itens com maior concordância foram o acompanhamento de protocolos clínicos e custos associados a eles (mediana 8,0) e modelos aplicados a novas práticas de remuneração por performance entre prestadores e operadora de plano de saúde (OPS) são de interesse da empresa (8,0). Relativo a quais itens são importantes para o processo de gestão da empresa, destacaram-se o impacto financeiro de novas incorporações, os comparadores clínicos, econômicos e financeiros entre as tecnologias de mesmo protocolo clínico, a melhoria da qualidade da atenção médica e o acompanhamento econômico de efeitos adversos, todos com mediana 10,0. Por fim, para o domínio de saúde baseada em valor, destacam-se o acompanhamento de desfechos clínicos dos pacientes, os dados de custo-efetividade, a satisfação do paciente, a melhoria qualidade da atenção médica e o acompanhamento clínico e econômico de efeitos adversos, todos com mediana 10,0. Enquanto alguns stakeholders estão atentos em oferecer mais qualidade e já estão atentos à geração de valor em saúde outros estão sensíveis principalmente à questão de redução de custos especialmente. Para esse último grupo, é fundamental compreender em detalhe sua realidade e explicitar como a saúde baseada em valor agrega a esse cenário condicionando aumento de gastos com maior entrega de saúde. Incluir e engajar todos os atores do sistema de saúde para promover uma visão conjunta de valor e eficiência é um fator condicionante ao sucesso da implantação de modelos de saúde baseada em valor.

Potential of open data in the Czech Republic

The paper Potential of open data in the Czech Republic deals with the current situation of open data government and autonomous institutions in the Czech Republic in comparison with other European Union countries (Great Britain, France, Belgium, Austria, Estonia, ...) and defines the possibilities of open data economic development of the Czech Republic. Methodology of the paper includes a search resources dealing with the issue of open data in the Czech Republic and the European Union, comparing the obtained data, the analysis of obtained data and draft of recommendations for further development. The first part is an evaluation of the current situation and the situation compared with other EU countries. Further conditions for further development and evaluation of the potential of open data for the Czech Republic. The final section of the paper deals with evaluation of possibilities open application data management processes of companies in the Czech Republic in terms of strategic and innovation management. The result is an overview of the potential use of open data in the context of economic development and an estimate of the trend in applications open at the government level.

The relationship between intellectual capital and organizational citizenship behavior with the performance of directors and governor’s staff of West of Golestan province

The role and importance of knowledge not only at the macro level economic and trade but also have been steadily increasing in management processes of companies. Primary research was conducted in the field of organizational citizenship behavior or behavior that was responsible for identifying the employees in the organization but it was often being ignored. This behavior were measured incomplete despite the traditional evaluation of job performance or even sometimes were ignored, but were effective in improving organizational effectiveness. The above discussion about the importance of intellectual capital, organizational citizenship behavior and their constituent components and their impact on performance leads us to the issue that we are going to analyze it. The purpose of this study is analyzing the relationship between intellectual competence and organizational citizenship behavior with the performance of directors and governor’s staff of West of Golestan province. This study in terms of the purpose is practical and in terms of reason and the relationships between variables is correlational. The study period was 2014. The study sample consisted of 210 managers and governor’s staff of West of Golestan province. In the present study the variables of organizational citizenship behavior and intellectual capital, was considered as independent variables which these changes on dependent variable of the performance of managers and employees of West of Golestan province were measured. In this context, two main and seven sub-hypothesis were developed and by using statistical methods and SPSS software were tested. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and intellectual capital and performance of managers and staff of West of Golestan province and all hypotheses were confirmed.

Linking organizational context and managerial action: The dimensions of quality of management

Organizational context is created and renewed through tangible and concrete management actions. The context, in turn, influences the actions of all those within the company. In this article, we elaborate this theme of an interactive development of context and action that, we argue, lies at the core of a company's management process and is a key influencer of its performance. Based on a longitudinal field-study in one company, we identify discipline, stretch, trust and support as the primary dimensions of organizational context and we describe how each of these dimensions can be developed and how these dimensions, in turn, influence the levels of individual initiative, mutual cooperation and collective learning within companies. Shaping the organizational context, we suggest, is the central task of general managers and we propose our model of context as a way to assess an organization's quality of management.

Six sigma management activities and their influence on corporate competitiveness

Six sigma has long been used as an effective way to restructure a company's management process. A number of successful cases have been reported of six-sigma-based management activities dramatically enhancing a company's strategic performance over study periods of several years. However, while there are abundant case studies in the literature regarding six sigma, there is a lack of empirical studies that adopt statistical approaches. To fill this void, this study proposes a research model to test whether six-sigma-based management activities improve corporate competitiveness. We applied a structural equation model to 161 valid questionnaires collected from managers in a number of Samsung companies that have introduced six sigma and have been actively applying its activities for several years. Empirical results showed that six sigma activities do indeed contribute to process management refreshment, quality improvement, and finally corporate competitiveness. We hope that this study enables further rigorous studies investigating six sigma as a major strategic activity.

Are You a Leader in Environmental R&D?

OVERVIEW:Industrial R&D plays a pivotal role in addressing environmental concerns through the development of environmentally sound processes and systems. Accordingly, R&D directors need to know how well their organization has institutionalized environmental awareness into the company's management processes. A self-assessment questionnaire will allow R&D directors to evaluate their organizations. It can also be used as a tool to guide environmental improvement. The questionnaire was used in 30 major companies. Companies that scored the highest on this self-assessment measurement had three things in common: 1) Senior management was committed to environmental excellence; 2) There was an elegant fit between the environmental considerations in the firms and the managerial processes used to address them; 3) Managers in these firms understood the financial and business implications of environmental issues.

Staple yourself to an order: Harvard Business Review, 70 (4), 113–122 (July/August 1992)

The executive who wants to delight customers-and thereby grow the top line-is apt to think big: Invent a breakthrough product; provide an extraordinary service. That's great work if you can get it, but the more humble jobof making sure customers aren't excessively annoyed by the company's management processes may be more urgent and more relevant to future growth. Every time an is handled, the customer is handled. Every time an sits unattended, the customer sits unattended. Yet, to most senior executives, the details of the management process are invisible. When managers take the time to track each step of the cycle, they come into contact with critical people like customer service representatives, production schedulers, processors, and shipping clerks. Managers who staple themselves to an order will not only move horizontally across their own organization, charting gaps and building information bridges, but will also see the company from the customer's perspective. There's no better way to alter that perspective, improve interdepartmental relations, and -over the long haul- improve financial performance.

An American Express/IBM consortium benchmarks information technology

American Express, a leader in its use of information technology (IT), engaged the IBM Consulting Group to benchmark its IT management processes against 17 other major companies. The study focused on how a company's management processes used IT to achieve its business goals. It sought to identify the best practices for developing strategic plans that both aligned IT with the business and dealt effectively with change.