Site Management Plan Research Articles

The Venice Charter – between protection and socially useful purpose.

The principles of the Venice Charter are still invoked worldwide as a crucial reference point in discussions and practices related to heritage preservation. However, the Charter’s lack of clarity in defining stakeholders and procedural steps raises significant issues about who has the authority to determine the appropriateness of new functions for monuments. This deficiency can lead to decision-making that might not fully consider the diverse cultural values and historical significance of the sites, potentially resulting in conservation outcomes that are more economically than socially driven. This paper examines how national and international conservation policies have expanded upon the Venice Charter to address social participation and the concept of "socially useful purposes" in World Heritage site management. Focusing on Germany and Poland World Heritage cities, the study explores how national and international guidelines have expanded upon the Venice Charter to incorporate social participation and the concept of "socially useful purposes" in the management of World Heritage sites. It delves into the role of Site Management Plans as dynamic documents that have evolved from strict preservation frameworks to policies encompassing social participation, thereby enhancing community engagement and meeting a broader spectrum of conservation needs and stakeholder interests.

Industrial Heritage and Citizen Participation: The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ivrea, Italy

The article explores the dynamics of community involvement in managing the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ivrea, Italy, designated as the “Industrial City of the 20th Century” in 2018. Ivrea is known for its historical connection to the Olivetti factory, whose existence shaped the town’s material and immaterial identity. The UNESCO-designated area in the north of the city features a mix of diverse buildings from the 1930s to the 1960s, serving various purposes and a variety of cultural activities. The research, commissioned as part of a larger project for updating the Site Management Plan by the Municipality of Ivrea, the managing authority of the UNESCO Site, aims to critically employ participatory approaches in the Management Plans of industrial heritage sites, analyse their role in preserving industrial heritage, and identify a new future for the city where cultural and creative industries play a vital role, or, in other words, to develop the site of Ivrea as a permanent cultural cluster. By employing an action-research methodology rooted in multidisciplinary and participatory approaches, this study focuses on the key role of residents and their connection to the industrial cultural heritage and the city to envision the site’s future. Initial findings from semi-structured interviews reveal a limited awareness of the Site Management Plan in the community and underscore the need for enhanced participatory governance. The article highlights how the collaborative efforts of stakeholders, particularly youth, yield innovative ideas, paving the way for social advancement, economic sustainability, and local promotion. Ultimately, this study envisions the UNESCO World Heritage Site as a central component of the city’s identity and a catalyst for the well-being of the involved communities.

Migration of humans fleeing conflict in the Lake Chad region may increase pressures on natural resources in Lake Fitri (Chad): A case study on waterbirds

Abstract Sustainable harvest of wildlife is a major food security and conservation issue. In Africa, where wildlife is harvested mainly for subsistence, this remains a challenge. In this study, using waterbirds as model for natural resources, we assessed the sustainability of harvest through fishing bycatch on Lake Fitri (Chad). We estimated the abundance of 24 target taxa through aerial distance sampling over four consecutive years (2018–2021) and in parallel estimated the number of birds harvested through interviews of a sample of 105 out of approximately 5500 fishermen. By modelling their potential excess growth, we found a high risk of overexploitation for four species, including the world‐threatened Black Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina, likely due to an influx of fishermen to Lake Fitri fleeing the Boko Haram security crisis. Synthesis and applications: This work is likely the first quantitative approach of bird harvest sustainability in Africa. It should contribute to fill a methodological and an information gap in the strategic planification of several multilateral environmental agreements like the African‐Eurasian Waterbird Agreement and the Ramsar Convention. In particular, this work could help implementing adaptive management of natural resources (including birds) in Ramsar site management plans. African wetlands such as Lake Fitri may not be able to provide enough natural resources in the medium term for movements of displaced civilians forced by armed conflict into such biodiversity strongholds.

Silhouette Study Through Management Plans in World Heritage Sites

The protection and sustainability of heritage sites in today's cities is an important issue in our country as well as allover the world, and it is a big problem to protect and manage these areas to the future. In this direction, sitemanagement plans prepared for heritage sites are of great importance. High or incorrect construction has becomeone of the most important problems of many world heritage sites and threatens the original silhouettes, vantagepoints and urban panoramas of cities, causing these values to lose their meaning and importance over time. For thisreason, many cities, areas or structures of important cultural heritage are removed from the UNESCO World HeritageList or included in the List of World Heritage in Danger. The issue of preserving the silhouette is an important issuethat needs to be addressed in Turkey, where the assets worth protecting are unique in number and value. In thisstudy; In order to determine whether studies have been carried out to preserve the original features such as generalappearance, silhouette, and scenic points that contribute to the Outstanding Universal Value of heritage sites,content has been scanned with the keywords "silhouette", "landscape" and "view".

Fifth Report on the Publication and Conservation of the Tomb of Ramesses III in the Valley of the Kings (KV 11)


 
 
 The 2021 fieldwork of The Ramesses III (KV 11) Publication and Conservation Project1 included the excavation of room H, the first upper layer of room I, the area behind pillars 1 to 7 in hall J (fol. aisle), and room Ja. Furthermore, consolidation work on pillars and the ceiling in the burial chamber began, and initial work for future conservation was carried out. Microbiological examination of the entire tomb took place to gain data for health precautions and in support of conservation. Finally, our research and the development of a site management plan proceeded successfully and will lead to the publication of KV 11 in the future.
 
 

Appreciating failure and success to help nations unite

Research methodology The author employed a five-step approach: Data (e.g., qualitative primary and secondary data) collection (about a major project at the examined organisation), Critical thinking (in order to determine the dilemma), Setting learning objectives (e.g., with respect to the Bloom's taxonomy), Testing (in order to confirm the teaching plan) (e.g., with research assistants and doctoral candidates), and Ensuring clarity (e.g., especially for the case narrative). Case overview/synopsis The site manager at a UNESCO World Heritage Site by the name Ephesus in Türkiye (Turkey) was considering who would update the site management plan. UNESCO was regularly asking for updates. Would site management outsource the management plan from a firm? For example, the site management had had an outside firm develop the management plan and Ephesus had become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Otherwise, would the site management rely on their own experience this time? Was there another way? Complexity academic level The educators could use the case study to introduce graduate students to “the value conception” in “marketing management” courses and to “the social exchange school of thought” in “marketing theory” courses. The learning objectives develop over the tension between owning and outsourcing main responsibilities of a scientific field as well as the tension between claims and objective evaluations. “The value conception” in “the social exchange school of thought” could improve planning in favour of humanity in a way that the United Nations could recognise (e.g., “value-based planning”). Corresponding discussions motivate a main question about the future: What is marketing for?

NEW STANDARDS FOR MITIGATING DREDGING IMPACTS IN SENSITIVE HABITATS IN SAUDI ARABIA

We propose a systematic approach to monitoring and managing dredge operations based on industry best practice advice, tailored to the specific conditions in the Red Sea, including the following key elements: 1) Relocation of corals from the direct dredging footprint, 2) Development of a site and project-specific dredging environmental management plan, 3) Undertaking turbidity and coral monitoring, 4) Turbidity plume hindcast and forecast, 5) Adaptive management involving all key project stakeholders. The paper lists the above key elements and presents a case study from Sindalah Island where the system was successfully applied – the first time such an approach has been implemented in the Middle East region.

Ecological Considerations When Designing Mitigation Translocations: An Australian Reptile Case Study.

Translocation science has made considerable progress over the last two decades; however, reptile translocations still frequently fail around the world. Major knowledge gaps surround the basic ecology of reptile species, including basic factors such as habitat preference, which have a critical influence on translocation success. The western spiny-tailed skink (Egernia stokesii badia) is used here as a case study to exemplify how empirical research can directly inform on-ground management and future translocation planning. A combination of studies, including LiDAR scanning of microhabitat structures, camera trapping, plasticine replica model experiments and unbounded point count surveys to assess predation risk, and visual and DNA analysis of dietary requirements, were all used to better understand the ecological requirements of E. s. badia. We found that the skinks have specific log pile requirements, both native and non-native predator management requirements, and a largely herbivorous, broad diet, which all influence translocation site selection and management planning. The use of E. s. badia as an Australian case study provides a clear strategic framework for the targeted research of meaningful ecological factors that influence translocation decision-making. Similar approaches applied to other reptile species are likely to fundamentally increase the capacity for effective management, and the likelihood of future successful translocations.

Revisiting Cifuentes’s Model for Cultural Heritage Tourism in the Era of Pandemics: The Site of Mardin Cultural Landscape Area

ABSTRACT The sustainability of tourism areas requires visitor management complying with their carrying capacities. By focusing on culture, this study revisits Cifuentes’s model developed for determining tourist load capacity within the field of ecology and used widely in natural protection areas. Theoretically, from within the field of urban planning, it contributes with adaptation of this model into a mere cultural heritage site. Practically, it creates scientific bases for visitor management of the area of Site Management Plan for Artuklu (Mardin) considering the limitations of the pandemic. First, the study area covering the site of “Mardin Cultural Landscape” and its environs was divided into different Visitor Management Zones (VMZs) by following opportunity spectrum approaches. VMZs, characterized by high, medium, low tourist densities, were determined by evaluating the findings of MCDA. Secondly, physical (PCC), real (RCC), and effective (ECC) carrying capacities adapted from model were calculated for each VMZ. The findings indicated a high level of difference between the PCC and RCC and much higher difference with that of ECC. The RCCs and ECCs signified that unless resolving basic infrastructure problems besides inefficiencies of personnel employment for the proper management of the site, it is not possible for it to welcome new visitors.

The condition, use and future of the UK's largest accessible dinosaur tracksite at Spyway Quarry, Dorset

Spyway Quarry in Dorset contains >100 tracks made by large sauropod dinosaurs walking across what was a shelly beach in the Early Cretaceous. It is the largest in situ easily accessible UK dinosaur tracksite, a unique location for the public to directly engage with dinosaurs. Following consultation on how best to open and manage the site considering its 'value', longevity, and resources available, it was left unstaffed with the track surface directly accessible. The site has been open to the elements since 2013 and to the public since 2016. We created a new photogrammetric model of the site in 2021, for comparison with an existing 2014 model to identify any changes in the trackway surface and to assess the sustainability of direct public access and weathering to the surface. To understand public use of the site, we installed a visitor counter, compiled social media reviews, and analysed photographs of visitor's movement on the quarry surface. We provide quantitative evidence for exfoliation of the track surface and reduction in the prominence of individual tracks over time primarily due to natural processes. Visitor data suggest ~10,000 people visit annually, and feedback suggests potential improvements to visitor directions and information. We do not recommend substantial changes to the site management plan given resource constraints. Our work highlights the importance of using 3D imaging techniques to document sites upon discovery and thereafter and making these data openly available to all for conservation monitoring, communication and to preserve sites' legacies.

Ampliare un World Heritage Site verso il passato recente. L’opera di Giancarlo De Carlo a Urbino

This paper discusses how to widen the boundaries of an existing World Heritage Site to include the heritage of the 20th century. The work by Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino is a perfect case study since modern architecture enriches the set of values where the statement of OUV was based. Urbino undertook a process of urban rebirth in the second half of the 20th century, according to De Carlo's master plan, which promoted a harmonic continuity between modern architecture and the preservation of the historic city. As a result, the Historic Centre of Urbino was enlisted in 1988 as an outstanding example of Renaissance capital. Although the statement of OUV did not mention De Carlo's work, the site's management plan (2012-14) suggests widening the buffer zone to include modern buildings. The authors wonder how to promote such updating of the WHS towards the recent past, something that seems not to have precedent examples in the WHL.

Conservation of the Precious Heritage-Techniques and Methods for Maximum Impact

Artefacts of cultural significance serve as priceless community resources that serve as monuments to previous human legacies. It promotes community cohesion and social harmony by reflecting societal norms and values both now and in the future. The goals of this research are to learn more about cultural heritage conservation and the difficulties that come with it. Poor management, monitoring, and evaluation; a lack of funds and stakeholder involvement; urbanisation; settlement programmes; agricultural practise; a lack of government concern as well as professional commitment; an lack of community issue; vandalism; illicit trafficking; insufficient promotion of cultural heritage; natural disasters; and invasive intervention, cl are the primary factors affecting the preservation of heritage. Conservation initiatives need the development of conservation guidelines, management plans for historic sites, the dissemination of relevant research, the inclusion of relevant stakeholders, and active community participation. The research concludes that promoting conservation is a means to attaining economic and social sustainability, and that the two should be integrated.

Practices and challenges of cultural heritage conservation in historical and religious heritage sites: evidence from North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Cultural heritage treasures are precious communal assets that show the past human legacy. It depicts present and future way of life as well as cultural values of a society, and enhances solidarity and social integration of communities. This study is designed to investigate the practices and challenges of cultural heritage conservations in North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia. The research employed a mixed research approach and cross-sectional descriptive and explanatory research design. The researchers applied multiple data gathering instruments including questionnaire survey, interview, focus group discussion and observation. Concerning sampling techniques, systematic random sampling technique was applied to select samples from local communities, and purposive sampling was designed to choose interviewees from government authorities, and culture and tourism office experts of North Shoa Zone and respective districts. The actual and valid sample size of the study is 236. The findings of the study revealed that the cultural heritage properties in North Shoa are not safeguarded from being damaged and found in a poor status of conservation. The major conclusion sketched from the study is that the principal factors affecting heritage conservation are lack of proper management, monitoring and evaluation, lack of funds and stakeholder involvement, urbanization, settlement programs and agricultural practice, poor government concern and professional commitment, poor attitude towards cultural heritage and low level of community concern, vandalism and illicit trafficking, low promotions of cultural heritage, and natural catastrophes such as invasive intervention, climate change (humidity and frost, excessive rainfall and flood, heat from the sun). The study implied that the sustainability of cultural heritage in the study area are endanger unless conservation practice is supported by conservation guidelines, heritage site management plans and research outputs, stakeholders’ integration, and community involvement. Most importantly, the study recommends the integration of heritage conservation and sustainable development, and the promotion of conservation is a way of achieving economic and social sustainability.

Scrutinising community-held knowledge transfer into world heritage site management plans: a multidisciplinary method

PurposeThe UNESCO World Heritage Committee requires management plans for world heritage site (WHS) nominations including the evidence of involvement of all stakeholders. Many studies report different engagement methods to ensure the participation of the local communities in these plans. However, this study aims to assess and gauge the community-held knowledge transfer and the quality of their contribution to heritage management plans by proposing an interdisciplinary method.Design/methodology/approachThe method had been developed to scrutinise community-held knowledge transfer in WHS management plans, combining the domains of knowledge representation with qualitative social research.FindingsLocal knowledge transferred into WHS management plans is poor. The proposed method gauged three levels of community knowledge transfer to WHS. The method enables results to be quantified and the process to be reproducible. The method can be used to quality control the design of WHS management plans. The method can be used to inform evaluation protocols to be developed by UNESCO.Practical implicationsThe proposed method can be used to inform evaluation protocols to be developed by ICOMOS and IUCN, which safeguard holistic aspects of heritage in WHS management plans.Originality/valueThe method provides reproducible, quantifiable results from clear premises. Despite being applied to a case study in Turkey, it can be adjusted to any context as WHS management plans tend to follow a standard format. It, therefore, provides a tool to quality control the design of these plans.

How Might World Heritage Status Support the Protection of Sacred Natural Sites? An Analysis of Nomination Files, Management, and Governance Contexts

This study provides an overview of how sacred natural sites are given recognition within the World Heritage system. It offers an analysis of the extent to which sacred natural sites that are part of nine World Heritage sites are recognised in site nomination files, management plans, and governance of these sites. The World Heritage sites are located across all continents except for Antarctica. We analysed sites in Australia, Greece, Guatemala, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand and the Russian Federation. We found that the cultural and spiritual significance of sacred natural sites is under-recognised, especially in natural World Heritage sites. In addition, Indigenous and religious custodians are frequently excluded from site management and governance. We make four recommendations for improving the recognition of sacred natural sites and the involvement of their custodians in the World Heritage process and in site nomination, governance, and management: (1) identification and recognition of sacred natural sites including their associated cultural and spiritual values; (2) recognition of, and articulated roles for custodians of sacred natural sites in the governance and management of World Heritage sites; (3) increased uptake of religious groups and Indigenous Peoples’ conservation approaches to the joint management of World Heritage sites that contain sacred natural sites, and (4) prevention of exclusion of custodians and ecological migration by applying inclusive conservation practices through rights-based approaches.

Проблемы охраны объектов всемирного наследия в России и за рубежом (на примере озера Байкал и национального парка «Плитвицкие озера»)

The practice of protecting the World Heritage site “Plitvice Lakes” National Park is considered. The criteria for its inscription in the World Heritage List are revealed. Attention is drawn to the main problems related to the legal and organizational protection of the object. The main content of the conclusions of the decisions of the World Heritage Committee on the protection of the “Plitvice Lakes” National Park is revealed. Parallels are drawn with the main threats to the ecological state of Lake Baikal. One of the acute and underestimated threats is the preservation of authentic Baikal landscapes. Given the insufficiency of the provisions of domestic legislation to achieve these goals, the conclusion is drawn about the possibility of using the provisions of the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage to prevent the construction of objects that clearly violate the existing landscape within the boundaries of the World Heritage site. The conclusion is drawn about the expediency of the Russian Federation’s consent to be bound by the European Landscape Convention in order to develop domestic legislation on the protection of landscapes. The practice of consolidating the management of the World Heritage site Plitvice National Park in the hands of a legal entity of the same name receives a positive assessment. It is proposed to consider the possibility of securing the sui generis regime of a specially protected natural territory for the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. Such a decision will create a single administration responsible for the management of Lake Baikal as a World Heritage Site. The next step should be the development of a World Heritage site management plan in accordance with the recommendations of IUCN and the World Heritage Committee. Such a plan may include a strategy for the development of special economic zones, issues of elimination accumulated environmental damage and regulation of tourist flows.

Adopting a cross-scale approach for the deployment of a green infrastructure

The implementation of a Green Infrastructure (GI) involves several actors and governance scales that need adequate knowledge support. The multifunctionality of GI entails the implementation of a cross-scale approach, which combines assessments conducted at different levels and active stakeholder engagement. This paper provides a methodology to implement a cross-scale approach to support the deployment of a Regional GI. The methodology was tested in Lombardy Region (north-west of Italy), considering three relevant territorial scales and relative strategic and planning policies. The continental level representing the overall policy-context; the regional level, with its key role for guaranteeing landscape coherence and connectivity and the local level where planning actions are effectively designed and implemented. The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the EU GI strategy were used as references for the continental level; at the regional level, a proposal of Regional GI was evaluated focusing on two Provinces (Varese and Lecco), three regional parks (Ticino, Adda Nord and Campo dei Fiori). At the local scale, the new development plan of the Municipality of Cassano d'Adda (Milan metropolitan area) was evaluated considering different possible scenarios. The regional GI was evaluated with respect to the capacity to provide Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES). CES were mapped using the ESTIMAP-recreation model. The model was adapted to the regional and local level with the active engagement of local stakeholders. Additionally, census data were analysed to obtain an overview of the equitable distribution of the CES amongst inhabitants. Results show that, in 78% of the census blocks of the study area, inhabitants have a high-value recreation resource within 4 km (31% within 4 km and 47% within 300 m). Unmet demand characterises 22% of the census blocks in the study area, clustered in zones with a high population density. The regional GI covers almost completely the two Provinces and the regional parks. In Varese Province: 68% of the territory is included in the regional GI, 82% of the census blocks local demand for recreation opportunities is met, but the population density is higher where the demand is unmet. The Province is characterised by a relatively old population (share of people older than 65 years 23.4%). In Lecco Province, 80% of the territory is included in the regional GI, in 96% of the blocks the local demand is met and the local population is relatively old (share of elderly population 22.12%). The three regional parks present significant differences, strongly influenced by the territorial context. The Campo dei Fiori Park is almost completely included in the regional GI. The entire local population has nature-based recreation opportunities in their close vicinity. Nevertheless, the population density is very low and citizens are relatively old. The majority of the Parco Adda Nord is included in the regional GI providing recreation opportunities to 90% of the census blocks within the Park boundaries. A total of 70% of Ticino Park is included in the regional GI, where local residents are relatively old (share of elderly population 23.78%) and 90% of local census blocks are close to nature-based opportunities. At local scale, we explored how the approach can be used to estimate changes in the CES potential provision and how this can be integrated into a site management plan. This paper demonstrated that the combination of studies in a cross-scale perspective enhances the understanding of GI multifunctionality. It provides a framework to adapt CES mapping models to the local setting with active stakeholders engagement. Moreover, it demonstrates that also highly urbanised areas, such as the Lombardy Region in Italy, can play a role in the deployment of a continental GI and can support biodiversity and nature protection.

Assessment of Landscape Co-Benefits in Natura 2000 Site Management Plans

The concept of co-benefits developed in the context of climate change policies can be extended to the strategies aimed at protecting natural resources. A co-effects-based policy approach proposes a multidimensionality capable of strengthening its effectiveness and supporting a co-generative development model aimed at promoting virtuous forms of territorial capital valorisation. The study aimed to evaluate the landscape co-benefits generated by the Natura 2000 networks, achieving a measure of efficiency of the policies and performance of the Management Plan, with reference to the “Timpa di Acireale” site. CVM and TCM were used for the estimation of landscape co-benefits. For the evaluation of the efficiency of the policies and the performance of the Plan, some economic-financial criteria were implemented. With reference to the user-citizen, the local tourist and the supralocal tourist, flows of annual co-benefits of EUR 754,764, EUR 99,678.12 and EUR 2,276.39, respectively, were estimated. The analyses of the efficiency of the policies and the performance of the Plan provided sufficient results. In conclusion, the lack of an adequate level of infrastructure for all users’ profiles reduces the ability to generate co-benefits for the users themselves and more significantly for tourists in a territory with a strong tourism vocation.

Using GIS for management of conflicts in natural protected area in Cindrel mountains

This study reflects the possibility of using the GIS technology for the management and resolution of conflicts between stakeholders in the management of protected natural areas that cover large surfaces, such as Natura 2000 sites. The research is accomplished in Frumoasa site from Cindrel Mountains, where a conflict of a legal nature was analysed, in the extinguishment of which the technology of geographical information systems was used. In this sense, the presence of the species and habitats that are found on the surface of the incriminated forest was analysed and the comparison with the list of species and habitats that was the basis for declaring the surface as a nature 2000 site. In the next stage, both the site management plan and the forest management plan were analysed in order to identify inconsistent potentials. Then, maps of the presence and distribution of species and habitats were made, with the protection and conservation measures adopted. Also, special attention was paid to the identification of primary and old-growth forest, their distribution and measures for their conservation. The conclusions include improvements can be made to the management of the incriminated areas, accompanied by the geo-database.

A participatory planning model in the context of Historic Urban Landscape: The case of Kyrenia’s Historic Port Area

Urban areas are constantly changing due to the pressures of migration and rapid growth in urban populations. As a result, historically and culturally significant sites are under increased risk of deterioration and this affects the urban sustainability transitions culturally and socially. Thus, an operationally multidimensional conservation management framework is needed with new approaches to historic heritage sites, in which urban dynamics are considered extensively. Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) concept, which was launched by UNESCO in 2011 brought a new comprehensive perspective with parameters to help protect heritage areas in more sustainable ways. The parameters of HUL consists of aspects such as but not limited to landscape, culture, stakeholders, diversity, sustainability, multidisciplinary cooperation, equity, participation, and building capacity.This new approach was developed for relatively more sustainable and integrated ways to protect heritage in the urban context. It is also a management tool to support the Site Management Plans more holistically in the conservation of historic and cultural heritage sites within the World Heritage List.In this research, Kyrenia Historic Port Area was studied with respect to the aspects elaborated in the Historic Urban Landscape approach of UNESCO. A sustainable and participatory conservation process was found to be lacking due to the institutional, economic and political challenges. In that context, a relatively more inclusive and participatory model was proposed, which can be incorporated in Management Plans. In order to test the applicability of the concept of the Historic Urban Landscape in the stated area; internationally applied field management plans, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) laws, provisions, and ordinances have been examined through the review of the relevant literature. Additionally in the context of heritage site protection, the purpose, definition, processes, and components of the Site Management Plans were discussed.In regard to the proposed model, The Australian Ballarat Site Management Plan as conceptual framework was examined and subsequently the methods and management mechanisms were analyzed. In result of the analyses, a proposed innovative model was discussed in order to determine the flow of the management system of Kyrenia in the historic port area and to ensure the participation of stakeholders in the decision-making as well as the conservation of the area, which are essential elements in establishing more sustainable conservation and management of heritage sites not only in the city of Kyrenia but also in other parts of the country and the Island as a whole.