Management Patterns Research Articles

Branding on Social Media Platforms As a Solution For Mixed Procession Music Groups In The City Of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Pancaragam, the only active music group in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, holds significant potential but has yet to gain widespread recognition. Similar to Tanjidor groups in Betawi Kalimantan, such as Pontianak and Pemangkat, Pancaragam faces challenges in expanding its reach and economic impact on its musicians. To address this, we offer strategic solutions focused on enhancing visibility through social media platforms. This proposal includes the implementation of management patterns that align with the characteristics of each social media platform. Firstly, a profound understanding is needed on how to manage and leverage the specific features of platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube. This involves the use of compelling visual content, such as video snippets from their performances, as well as active engagement with fans through comments and direct messaging. Furthermore, the implementation of creative digital campaign strategies can elevate Pancaragam's online presence. Contests or music challenges on these platforms can encourage community participation, while special offers or discounts for live performances can attract a broader audience. Collaborating with local influencers or social media users with an interest in traditional arts and culture can also be an effective way to expand networks and reach new audiences. With a combination of focused management and digital marketing strategies, Pancaragam can gain broader recognition, enhance their online presence, and ultimately provide a positive economic impact for its musicians.

MANAGEMENT OF ARDS IN DROWNING PATIENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) occured in drowning patients in both fresh or salt water. This is a consequence of aspiration of fluid into the lungs. This condition can be made worse by the possibility of hypothermia, arrhythmia, or neurological impacts as a result of anoxia. A male, 16 years old, 60 kg without comorbid was drowned in a well, came on referral from a another hospital, he was admitted to the ward for 2 days. The patient arrived in emergency room and the patient is in respiratory failure state and ARDS. This patient was given intubation in the emergency room, after this patient is stable he was transfered to ICU. In the ICU, the patient was given mechanical ventilation therapy on 4th day and then he was given weaning gradually, on 7th day the patient was given extubation. In general, treatment outcome of drowned patient really depends on how effective and fast the maangement of the respiratory distress in the incident location and until taken to hospital. Mechanical ventilation therapy follows the general ARDS management pattern, using PEEP and lung protection strategies. Monitoring and caution is needed during the weaning process to prevent recurrence of pulmonary edema and re-intubation.

Enhancement of Ambulatory Glucose Profile for Decision Assistance and Treatment Adjustments.

The ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) lacks sufficient statistical metrics and insightful graphs; indeed, it is missing important information on the temporal patterns of glucose variations. The AGP graph is difficult to interpret due to the overlapping metrics and fluctuations in glucose levels over 14 days. The objective of this proposed work is to overcome these challenges, specifically the lack of insightful information and difficulty in interpreting AGP graphs, to create a platform for decision assistance. The present work proposes 20 findings built from decision rules that were developed from a combination of AGP metrics and additional statistical metrics, which have the potential to identify patterns and insightful information on hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The "CGM Trace" webpage was developed, in which insightful metrics and graphical representations can be used to make inferences regarding the glucose data of any user. However, doctors (endocrinologists) can access the "Findings" tab for a summarized presentation of their patients' glycemic control. The findings were implemented for 67 patients' data, in which the data of 15 patients were collected from a clinical study and the data of 52 patients were gathered from a public dataset. The findings were validated by means of MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance), wherein a p value of < 0.05 was obtained, depicting a strong significant correlation between the findings and the metrics. The proposed work from "CGM Trace" offers a deeper understanding of the CGM data, enhancing AGP reports for doctors to make treatment adjustments based on insightful information and hidden patterns for better diabetic management.

The association of lifeline diet score (LLDS) with risk of irritable bowel syndrome: case-control study in adult men

PurposeIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Diet has been identified as a potential modifiable risk factor for IBS, yet its association with IBS risk in the Kurdish adult male population remains understudied. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between the lifeline diet score (LLDS), a validated tool assessing overall diet quality and the risk of IBS in Kurdish adult men.Design/methodology/approachA total of 200 Kurdish adult men were recruited, comprising 100 IBS patients (cases) and 100 healthy controls without IBS. Medical records and interview questionnaires were used to confirm IBS diagnoses, while detailed dietary questionnaires were administered to assess participants’ dietary habits and calculate their respective LLDS scores. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between LLDS and IBS risk, adjusting for potential confounding factors.FindingsParticipants with higher LLDS scores exhibited a significantly reduced risk of IBS compared to those with lower LLDS scores (OR= 0.38, 95% confidence intervals = 0.18–0.77; p <0.001). The association remained statistically significant even after controlling for potential confounders such as socioeconomic status, age, eating rate, protein, fat, physical activity and body mass index.Originality/valueThis case-control study demonstrates a significant inverse association between the LLDS and the risk of IBS in Kurdish adult men. Higher LLDS scores, indicative of a healthier and more balanced diet, were associated with a decreased risk of IBS. These findings highlight the potential role of dietary patterns in IBS prevention and management within the Kurdish adult male population.

Hypospadias-associated penile curvature assessment and management: A global survey of current practice

Our goal was to assess how surgical management of hypospadias-associated penile curvature (HAPC) varies across continents, focusing on factors that influence assessment and decision-making. Members of the European Society of Pediatric Urology (ESPU), Society of Pediatric Urology (SPU), and Hypospadias International Society (HIS) participated in an anonymous, 34-question online survey addressing pre-, intra-, and postoperative elements of HAPC evaluation and management. A selection of intraoperative photos were included in the survey to investigate the prevailing surgical approaches and identify management patterns. Out of the 267 participants, 38.4% of them are located in Europe. Visual estimation was the predominant approach for evaluating HAPC, although being regarded as the least dependable compared to other techniques. Surgeons who performed more than 40 cases per year were more inclined to use goniometers and had varying degrees of HAPC that were considered acceptable without requiring any correction (P<.001). Out of 58% of respondents, a significant number reported regular utilization of artificial erection tests for all categories of hypospadias. Surgeons with fewer than 10 years of expertise commonly utilized erection test as part of their regular practice. A tourniquet was employed to maintain sufficient intra-corporeal pressure, by134 (50%). 116 participants (43%) inject Saline through the corpora cavernosa through the glans, while 150 (56%) administer saline from the lateral aspect. Moreover, the decision-making process differed based on the intraoperative picture scenarios of mild to moderate penile curvature during erection testing. Contrary to temperatures ranging from 25o to 35o, decision-making in cases with less severe degrees of HAPC was uncomplicated. This survey reveals a wide range of surgical practicepatterns in the assessment and management of HAPC. To our knowledge, this global surveyof HAPC practice is the largest to date and could aid in developing new guidelines in pediatricurology. These findings may also provide a foundation for future prospective multinational studies.

Real-world treatment outcomes from a retrospective cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukemia from an urban safety net hospital.

While continual advancements in acute myeloid leukemia have augmented response rates and survival, outcomes in clinical trials may not correlate with real-world practice as trials may underrepresent individuals with comorbidities, decreased performance status, and older age. Additionally, clinical trials may underrepresent certain ethnicities, and disparities based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and insurance have been demonstrated in acute myeloid leukemia. We performed a retrospective chart review of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia who were treated at Harbor-UCLA from 2014 to 2022 to examine patient characteristics, management patterns, and outcomes in a safety net hospital setting. The median age was 56 years old (range 18-84). In regards to risk stratification, 22%, 33%, and 41% had favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. The most common induction regimens included 7 + 3 (55%), azacitidine (10%), azacitidine + venetoclax (7%), and 7 + 3 + midostaurin (7%). The complete remission rate was 51%. Among patients who received intensive induction chemotherapy, 15% underwent re-induction with a second cycle, 51% received consolidation therapy, and 5% received maintenance therapy with a targeted agent. Overall, 12% of patients received allogeneic stem cell transplant. Median overall survival was 12.2 months, and 5-year overall survival was 18%. Suboptimal response rates and survival in this population may be related to low rates of re-induction and allogeneic transplant in addition to high rates of adverse cytogenetics, secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and supportive care only. Efforts to increase access to clinical trials, novel therapies, and transplants for diverse and underinsured populations are essential.

Planning and construction of the British concessions and settlements in modern East Asia (1845–1876): Shanghai, Yokohama, and Tianjin

ABSTRACT Under British informal imperial policy, East Asia’s system of concessions and settlements rapidly spread and promoted modernization. Especially in the mid- to late nineteenth century, the formative phase of the concession system, Shanghai, Yokohama and Tianjin embraced modern Western urban planning and architectural ideas by implementing Land Regulations (LR). A comparison of institutions, policies and mutual influences resulting from British colonization in these three cities can reflect the intricate internal and external factors that shape their local modernization, which helps explain the urban development trajectory in East Asia. However, existing studies lack comprehensive comparative analysis, exploration of institutional motives for spatial formation and examination of correlations between urban management patterns. Therefore, this study aims to situate the relation between colonialism and modernization in East Asia through an analysis of promulgation process, content changes and spatial impact of LR, the fundamental law of the concessions. This study shows that LR had an inheritance influenced by Consul Alcock. Characteristics of modern urban planning emerged in management and space. The modernization process was shaped by the development of the British native urban governance system, changes in colonial policy and the different social contexts of China and Japan.

Effect of Heart-Healthy Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the antihypertensive effect of dietary patterns of blood pressure management. METHODS The researchers searched the following databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Service, Wanfang Database, and Wipu.com by computer. Search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Chinese Heart-Healthy (CHH) diet on blood pressure in English and Chinese. RCTs, which were published from the time of the study until 02/2023. The investigators assessed and screened the literature before conducting a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis using Stata 15 software. RESULTS This study included 27 publications containing 7,409 study subjects, including 3,677 in the trial group and 3,732 in the control group. Dietary models for blood pressure management were effective in reducing systolic blood pressure [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): (−5.10, −2.77), P &amp;lt; 0.001] and diastolic blood pressure [WMD = −2.32, 95% CI: (−3.01, −1.63), P &amp;lt; 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Dietary models for blood pressure management have a clear positive impact on blood pressure management in patients, and more high-quality studies with standardized design and long intervention period are needed in the future to provide strong evidence for healthy diet-based blood pressure management.

Differently managed reed beds are home to Coleoptera communities differing in diversity, overall biomass and size

Reed beds can be managed for commercial or conservation purposes, with effects on its inhabitants. In this paper, we assess the effect of management on the reed bed Coleoptera community by investigating reed beds subject to winter cutting, winter harvest, short-term unmanaged (3 years), and long-term unmanaged (25 years). Using pit fall traps, we collected Coleoptera across a summer season to estimate Coleoptera biomass, abundance, size, richness, diversity, and community composition across the four types of management of reed beds. Cutting and harvest both show to increase Coleoptera biomass compared to unmanaged reed beds, with the highest Coleoptera abundance found in the harvested reed bed. The species richness and diversity, on the other hand, peaked in the long-term unmanaged reed bed. Community composition differed between the different management types, and across time. Species of conservation concern were most abundant in recently managed areas. These results have implications for the conservation of the reed bed Coleoptera community. First, to maintain a high Coleoptera diversity, some areas must be left unmanaged. Secondly, to secure habitats for species of conservation concern as well as boost the Coleoptera biomass, frequent management of other areas is advised. This mosaic management pattern will also create the overall most species rich reed bed, as unique Coleoptera communities were found in each management type.

Process-based management effectiveness in a public HEI: quantitative insights from a pilot project

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence on process-based management effectiveness. A survey was carried out in a Brazilian public Higher Education Institution (HEI) and a valid sample of 202 responses was obtained. Data analysis was performed through multivariate statistical techniques, which included both exploratory factor and regression analyses. The results showed that understanding and commitment, user value, process standardization, continuous improvement and non value activities identification influence the effectiveness of processes. A regression analysis was adopted to identify the dimensions of HEI process effectiveness. The Process-based Management Practices project will contribute to the development of strategies and actions that enhanced a more effective university management scheme, which shall respond to the increased pressure from the Brazilian Federal Government to upgrade the HEIs decisional processes. The development of new process-based management decision-making practices will have a direct impact on the HEIs’ managers, directors and deans, in terms of higher levels of efficacy, efficiency and relevancy, from which the academic community will benefit directly. The identification of the attributes that will aggregate the process-based management patterns related to HEIs, prioritizing the strategies and actions that will contribute to excellence in decision-making.

Analytic network process in traditional market solid waste management in Malang Regency, Indonesia

One type of decision support process that assists in decision-making during Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is the Analytic Network Process (ANP). ANP can determine the best pattern of sustainable traditional market solid waste management in Malang Regency. The six categories used in ANP analysis consist of environmental impacts (DL), technical operations (TO), regulations (PH), institutions and organizations (KO), financing (P), and community participation (PSM). The weighting results of the criteria that had the largest weight was the sub-criterion of Strengthening the Active Role of the Community (PSM1) with a limiting weight of 0.058271. The largest alternative weighting result was Scenario 3 (Integrated Solid Waste Management). Scenario 3 had a priority with the highest weight of 0.213951. The results of the sensitivity test when all criteria values were changed to 0.999 also changed the value of the alternatives. The changes in alternative weights when the sensitivity test was performed consisted of 3 sub-criteria that were sensitive to the changes, namely the sub-criteria of soil pollution (DL2), direct benefits (P4), and ease of operation (TO2). This research shows that the use of ANP provides a more efficient decision-making process in traditional market solid waste management.

A comparison of GOLD 2019 and 2023 recommendations to contemporaneous real-world inhaler treatment patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management in Singapore.

In 2019 and 2023, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) provided updated strategies for modifying the therapy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and high exacerbation risk. A key update since the 2019 guidelines recommends considering blood eosinophil count to guide decisions on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. To evaluate the potential impact of these updated recommendations, this study aimed to assess how extensively future practice would diverge from contemporaneous prescribing practices at a single center in Singapore, assuming adherence to the 2019 and 2023 GOLD guidelines. Retrospective cohort analysis of the Changi General Hospital COPD data warehouse involving patients aged ≥40 years hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation (October 2018-April 2020) receiving long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), LAMA plus a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA), or an ICS plus LABA at admission. The proportion of patients eligible for treatment escalations per GOLD 2019 and 2023 recommendations was calculated. In total, 268 patients were included (mean age 73 years; 91% male). At admission, 19%, 59%, and 22% of patients were receiving LAMA, LAMA + LABA, and ICS + LABA, respectively. Overall, 226 patients would have been eligible for treatment escalation per GOLD 2019 or 2023 recommendations; 31 (13.7%) had treatment escalations consistent with GOLD 2019 guidelines and 34 (15%) received treatment escalations consistent with GOLD 2023 guidelines. A total of 205 patients (76.5%) remained on the same treatment regimen at hospital discharge as they were receiving at admission. Lower measured post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second was associated with treatment escalations that would have been GOLD-concordant (P=0.028), as was increased number of emergency department/hospital visits in the last year (P=0.048). Compared with real-world clinical practice, a significantly higher proportion of patients may be eligible for treatment escalation under the GOLD 2019 and 2023 eosinophil-directed algorithms.

Transparency of Zakat Funds to Increase Public Trust in Zakat Institutions

Zakat management institutions need to be evaluated and can provide transparency and accountability of funds to the public. This study aims to determine the pattern of management of zakat funds in zakat management institutions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The study involved the amil zakat institution in the district of sleman, the province of the special region of Yogyakarta. Data were obtained using interviews, observations, and literature studies on research problems. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data tabulation, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that a transparent income and expenditure report will increase the number of funds collected and facilitate the distribution of zakat evenly. In addition, the transparency of zakat funds will increase public trust in zakat institutions. Therefore, this research is expected to provide an overview of zakat institutions to be transparent and accountable for the funds obtained and distributed.

Archetypal representations of dilemmas concerning invasive alien species management—A case of invasive Lantana camara in the protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India

AbstractThis multi‐site case study on the invasive alien plant Lantana camara in protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, addresses the reasons for inadequate institutional responses from stakeholders in managing the species despite the seriousness. The study uses thematic analysis and qualitative systems approach. The themes are converted into a qualitative‐system‐dynamics model and are then abstracted into system archetypes. The study identified three major themes: the dilemma involving stakeholders, the dilemma of alternative and commercial use of Lantana, and the Lantana management conundrum. The study translated these dilemmas into four generalisable archetypes: ‘drifting goals’, ‘modified‐shifting‐the‐burden’, ‘fixes‐that‐fail’ and ‘substitution rebound’. The latest is a novel contribution to the systems literature. Practically, the study helps understand the recurring undesired behavioural patterns in invasive species management and suggests policy and governance changes to tackle them. The study also points towards building stakeholder relationship protocols, focussing on fundamental solutions and having clear Lantana management targets.

Landslide risk management using geospatial technique: comparative insights of China and Indonesia

Landslides are defined as the movement of soil and rocks that form slopes. Landslides can cause environmental damage, property losses, and deaths for people in disaster-prone areas. This study aims to review and compare landslide risk management patterns in China and Indonesia from research conducted in 2019-2023. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). While searching for literature using Scopus, Mendeley has a publication period of 2019-2023. The research findings show that disaster risk management also focuses on more than community knowledge in disaster emergency response. However, other elements need attention, namely road sections most vulnerable to landslides, slope conditions, river density, land use, GIS, resources, community participation, and training. In Fengjie County, China, landslide vulnerability is a significant problem, with about 70% of areas in the vulnerability zone very high. In Pengasih Sentolo district, Indonesia, nine villages are included in the very high-risk site, showing significant landslide vulnerability. The integration and application of GIS technology have greatly assisted in assessing landslide susceptibility and identifying high-risk zones. Conclusion: The case study in Fengjie County, China and the study in Pengasih Sentolo District, Kulon Progo, Indonesia, emphasize the importance of using geospatial techniques, particularly GIS, for landslide risk assessment.

THE URGENCY OF YELLOWISLAMIC BOOK LEARNING INNOVATION IN PESANTREN: A CASE STUDY OF THE MINIKOM DORMITORY AT PP MAMBAUL ULUM BATA-BATA

This study examines the effectiveness of educational management patterns in Minikom Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata in planning, program implementation, and supervision, the purpose of the study is to describe the implementation of educational management in the Minikom dormitory of Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata towards the effectiveness of student learning in the boarding school environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach by collecting primary data through interviews with the head of the management, the head of the dormitory, the teaching ustadz, and the students, as well as through direct observation. Secondary data includes documents such as dormitory profiles, organizational structures, and learning modules. Data analysis was carried out iteratively with data reduction techniques, data presentation in matrices or schemes, and conclusion drawing to understand more deeply about learning management in the final grade dormitory of the boarding school.The results showed that the pattern of education management at Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata involves a systematic planning process, comprehensive organization of activities, actuation to stimulate active participation of students, and careful supervision to ensure the achievement of goals according to plan. Management at the Minikom Dormitory involves planning that is prepared after the santri have graduated, intensive program implementation through various educational activities, and internal supervision by all administrators and teachers. This research emphasizes the importance of implementing effective education management to improve santri learning in boarding schools.

Analysis of British Columbia practice patterns in the management of female stress urinary incontinence with emphasis on mesh use.

Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common and has a profound impact on quality of life. Suburethral slings are the most common treatment for SUI in this population. These can be placed with synthetic mesh or autologous fascia. Mesh-related complications after midurethral sling procedures are documented in the literature but the risk of complications and reoperation is lower than the use of transvaginal mesh for pelvic organ prolapse repair. In this study, we sought to evaluate local practice patterns of management of female SUI with specific emphasis on mesh use. A survey created by an expert panel was disseminated to respective provincial societies. Sixty-eight percent of respondents offer midurethral slings in their practice but only 60.6% of these respondents would offer surgical removal of the sling if there were complications, such as mesh erosion or pain. A large portion (39.4%) of respondents are performing transobturator slings as compared to retropubic midurethral slings (36.3%) and only 8.5% have removed the leg component associated with the transobturator sling in their practice. Furthermore, compared to most respondents offering midurethral slings (64.8%), only a minority of surgeons offer alternatives: 23.9% of respondents offer periurethral bulking agent injections, 15.5% offer pubovaginal slings, and 12.7% offer retropubic urethropexies. Our study supports that surgeons should continue to review surgical risks and alternative treatment options as part of the surgical consent process. As such, surgeons should be able to offer a variety of surgical approaches to manage female SUI.

The Modelling Studies of Ecological Corridor Management of The Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia

This research aims to study the design of the ecological corridor management pattern of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) through the identification of population and distribution of conservation species, edge effect of road access within the corridor, preservation mitigation, status of non-conservation species, and assessment of land-use-based ecotourism. The methods used include Belt transect, hypothetical transect, Intensive Point Account (IPA), and descriptive survey techniques. The research was conducted from September to December 2023. The results showed that the population density of Javan Gibbon was 0.114 indv/ha, Surili was 0.024 indv/ha, which is very low compared to the population density of TNGHS, 26 non-conservation bird species, and 1 endemic species, the Javan Gibbon. The edge effect is caused by the frequency of vehicles passing through the corridor. The hypothetical transect shows that the land use allocation for tea plantations is the target of ecotourism, and agricultural land use supports the product. The model design emphasizes the creation of protection zones for primates and Javan Eagles in terms of mobilization and migration, mitigation of vehicle crossings during the day, as well as the initiation of ecotourism based on non-conservation species and landscape characteristics. In conclusion, the ecological corridor management modeling includes accommodating the protection of endemic and rare animals, monitoring non-conservation bird species, conservation mitigation through vehicle frequency control, limited ecotourism development with a natural orientation, and agricultural products. Scientifically the contribution of this research is to explain the implications of island geography theory in the sustainability of endemic species in metapopulations to avoid genetic flow deviations.

Ecosystem health evaluation based on land use change-case study of the riparian zone of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China.

Evaluating the ecosystem health of riparian zones is helpful for decision-makers to formulate appropriate management measures. However, there are few methods for such evaluation which account for both the human requirements and ecological aspects of riparian zones. To address this, we created a Pressure-State(Vigor-Organization-Resilience)-Response framework for evaluating the ecosystem health of the riparian zone of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, a region experiencing intense land use changes. Evaluation indicators, including land use change and ecosystem services, were selected. The comprehensive index method was used to calculate the evaluation indicators of ecosystem health, namely pressure, state, and response, and the comprehensive evaluation indicator itself. Using the cold and hot spot analysis, we also analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem health in the riparian zone, constructed an ecological management pattern, and proposed corresponding management and protection measures. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2020, construction land in the study area increased by more than 20%, and all studied land types underwent some degree of conversion to construction land, with cultivated land and water bodies being the main focus of conversion. (2) In 2020, the average ecosystem health in the riparian zone was normal, with a spatial distribution characterized by "high dispersion and low clustering"; and (3) according to the results of the ecosystem health evaluation and cold and hot spot analysis, key areas for stronger ecological protection were identified and, based on this, a number of management recommendations were proposed.

A Qualitative Model of Weight Cycling.

Weight cycling is a likely consequence of striving to lose weight after internalizing body image ideals, making upward social comparisons, and experiencing weight stigma. Despite weight cycling's potential physical and psychological consequences, the interplay of weight cycling, social pressures, and experienced and internalized stigma have not been qualitatively explored. Thus, through in-depth interviews of 36 weight-cycling adults, this study sought to understand how people negotiate weight cycling. Interviews informed the development of a qualitative model of weight cycling, which was derived from a theory-neutral inductive analysis. The model's stages included entering the cycle, undergoing the cycle, and challenging the cycle. Participants were triggered to enter the cycle due to weight stigma caused by social pressures. Within the cycle, interviewees internalized weight stigma and engaged in disordered weight management behaviors. Some participants challenged the cycle by becoming more self-aware and mitigating their toxic dieting behaviors. However, it was very difficult, if not impossible, for many to fully exit weight cycling and the restraints of previous weight management thinking and patterns. Our investigation underscores the seriousness of weight cycling and suggests ways to combat weight cycling on both macro and individual levels. It may also be useful to consider weight cycling as disordered eating in hopes of shifting society's dangerous focus on rapid weight loss.