Management Utilization Research Articles

Spatial differentiation and functional zoning of carbon budget: evidence from Jiangxi Province

Regional carbon budget and compensation are one of the current research hotspots, which is of great practical significance for dealing with climate change and promoting the coordinated development of low carbon. Based on energy consumption and land use data, a carbon budget and carbon compensation measurement model was established to analyze the change characteristics and spatial differentiation of the carbon budget of 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2020 and carry out functional zoning, and further calculate the carbon compensation value of each prefecture-level city. The results showed that (1) during the study period, the carbon emissions in Jiangxi Province showed an increasing trend, with an average annual growth rate of 6.00 million tons, showing a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the west and low in the east.” The province was mainly represented by net carbon sources. (2) During the study period, the forest land in Jiangxi Province was the main carbon sink. The carbon sink absorption capacity declined from 60.56 million tons in 2010 to 59.69 million tons in 2020. (3) The regional difference in the economic contribution coefficient of prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province is relatively tiny. The ecological support coefficient has apparent spatial heterogeneity, showing a spatial distribution feature of “high in the south and low in the north.” (4) The 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province could be divided into four regions: the carbon sink functional area, low-carbon optimization area, total carbon control area, and carbon intensity control area. By calculating the carbon compensation value and according to the difference in the carbon compensation value, the 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi province are divided into four high-compensation areas, three low-compensation areas, and four compensated areas. The larger the carbon budget is, the higher the carbon compensation amount; conversely, the smaller the budget, the more carbon compensation amount can be obtained. According to the above conclusions, 11 prefecture-level cities should improve emission reduction mechanisms and strengthen the management of forest land utilization. Meanwhile, Jiangxi Province should formulate differentiated development, and compensation strategies should be developed to promote low-carbon, coordinated, and sustainable development among regions.

Influence of functionalized and non-functionalized 2D graphene nanomaterial with organic phase change materials: Thermal performance comparison

Thermal energy storage and harvesting using phase change materials (PCMs) is a crucial aspect of solar thermal utilisation and energy management. However, the intrinsic limitations associated with PCMs, such as their relatively lower thermal conductivity and sluggish thermal transport pose significant obstacles in the advancement of thermal energy harvesting and storage systems reliant on PCMs. Research explored by inclusion of nanomaterial with the PCM matrix is predominant depending on uniform diffusion and stability of the developed nanocomposite. In this research endeavour, we introduce a novel and synergistic approach to synthesis a functionalized graphene nanomaterials and compare its performance with non-functionalized graphene nanomaterial at various concentrations within organic PCMs, operating at a phase change temperature of 54 °C. The formulated nanocomposite’s thermophysical properties morphology, chemical stability, optical absorbance & transmittance, melting enthalpy, thermal stability and thermal reliability were investigated using sensitive instruments. The findings unveil a remarkable enhancement in thermal conductivity with functionalized graphene dispersed PCM exhibiting an astonishing surge of 106.7 % at a mere 0.8 wt% loading, when contrasted with conventional PCM. The optical transmittance of RT54-0.8fGr was significantly reduced from 56 % to 17.2 %, which enabled the effectiveness for solar thermal energy harnessing; meanwhile the melting enthalpy was energised to 193.4 J/g from 182.6 J/g. The developed nanocomposite with better optical property and melting enthalpy were tested for 500 numbers of accelerated thermal cycles and its chemical stability and thermal property were compared with PCM. Furthermore, a heat transfer analysis is numerically simulated to exhibit the thermal conductance performance of functionalized nanocomposite PCM over base PCM. The findings suggest that the functionalized graphene dispersed PCM matrix to exhibit highly favourable attributes for renewable thermal energy storage due to their exceptional comprehensive features.

Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Review

Horticultural crops grown under protection are becoming more and more significant in modern agriculture, offering a number of benefits such as increased yields, better quality, and protection from pests and bad weather. This comprehensive review aims to demonstrate protected cultivation methods as they currently exist and explore their future applications in horticulture. The first part of the examination covers the many types of protected production structures, including high tunnels, shade houses, and greenhouses, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The significance of protected farming in tackling concerns associated with worldwide food security is further underscored by preserving crop productivity throughout the year and limiting dependence on seasonal variations. This review looks more closely at the effects of protected cultivation methods on the growth and development of horticultural crops. These methods include improved crop morphogenesis, precipitation control, and the optimisation of environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. Furthermore, the utilisation of advanced technologies like hydroponics, aeroponics, and vertical farming in protected growing systems is examined and its capacity to optimise crop yield while minimising resource consumption is emphasised. The difficulties and limitations associated with adopting protected cultivation are also examined in the study, including the need for artificial inputs, energy requirements, and financial considerations. It talks about environmentally friendly and sustainable ways to reduce these problems and preserve ecological balance, like switching to organic farming methods and using renewable energy sources. Future trends and developments in protected cultivation are covered in detail in the study's final section. These include the application of artificial intelligence, the adoption of smart farming technologies, and the employment of precision agriculture techniques. Higher yields and higher-quality horticultural crop output could be the outcome of these developments, which further optimise resource utilisation, improve automation, and better crop monitoring and management.

AI-powered VM selection: Amplifying cloud performance with dragonfly algorithm

The convenience and cost-effectiveness offered by cloud computing have attracted a large customer base. In a cloud environment, the inclusion of the concept of virtualization requires careful management of resource utilization and energy consumption. With a rapidly increasing consumer base of cloud data centers, it faces an overwhelming influx of Virtual Machine (VM) requests. In cloud computing technology, the mapping of these requests onto the actual cloud hardware is known as VM placement which is a significant area of research. The article presents the Dragonfly Algorithm integrated with Modified Best Fit Decreasing (DA-MBFD) is proposed to minimize the overall power consumption and the migration count. DA-MBFD uses MBFD for ranking VMs based on their resource requirement, then uses the Minimization of Migration (MM) algorithm for hotspot detection followed by DA to optimize the replacement of VMs from the overutilized hosts. DA-MBFD is compared with a few of the other existing techniques to show its efficiency. The comparative analysis of DA-MBFD against E-ABC, E-MBFD, and MBFD-MM shows %improvement reflecting a significant reduction in power consumption 8.21 %, 8.6 %, 6.77 %, violations in service level agreement from 9.25 %, 6.98 %–7.86 % and number of migrations 6.65 %, 8.92 %, 7.02 %, respectively.

Comparative Assessment of Rice Mill Waste Utilisation Management in Malaysia Using Integrated Material Flow and Life Cycle Analyses

Comparative Assessment of Rice Mill Waste Utilisation Management in Malaysia Using Integrated Material Flow and Life Cycle Analyses

Stochastic optimization for capacity configuration of data center microgrid thermal energy management equipment considering flexible resources

The rapid development of Internet and cloud computing technologies has led to the expansion of the scale of data centers, resulting in a continuous increase in the demand for data processing and storage. This not only results in higher energy consumption but also makes thermal management a key factor of energy management in data centers. A capacity configuration method is proposed for the core thermal management equipment of data center microgrids, electric boilers, cooling systems, and heat pumps. This method not only considers the uncertainty factors of the source and load but also effectively utilizes the characteristics of various flexible resources in data centers, such as the adjustable ability of different types of batch processing loads, air thermal inertia, and waste heat recovery, significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency and enhancing the system’s economy and flexibility. In addition, a wind power scenario generation method based on conditional least squares generative adversarial networks was proposed to improve the generation quality of wind power scenarios, and a random optimization model was constructed. Considering a certain province’s data center microgrid as a case study, the effectiveness of the model was verified, and a sensitivity analysis of the relevant parameters provided important references for microgrid planning. This study provides a new perspective and tool for the thermal management of data center microgrids and comprehensive utilization of renewable energy, which is of great significance for promoting the improvement of data center energy efficiency and sustainable development.

Implementasi Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Dalam Manajemen Organisasi Pendidikan

The utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in the management of educational institutions has become a key element of improving operational efficiency and effectiveness in the digital era. This study aims to investigate the role of ICT in data management, management, learning processes, and communication in educational environments. Using literature review techniques and secondary data analysis, this study found that the use of ICT increases information transparency, accuracy and speed, improving resource management and decision-making. However, ICT implementation also faces many challenges, such as infrastructure limitations, lack of technical capacity of human resources, and resistance to change. Overcoming these barriers requires a comprehensive and sustainable strategy. The results of this study are expected to provide insights to stakeholders in education regarding better management and optimization of ICT utilization to achieve quality education.unik.

FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR MEASURING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN PT. BATURAJA CEMENT (PERSERO)

The financial performance of PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) for the period 2020-2022 needs to be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of management in managing the company's finances. The purpose of the study is to measure the financial performance of PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) through financial statement analysis over the period 2020, 2021, and 2022. This study uses various types of financial ratios such as Liquidity, Solvency, and Profitability. The research method used is qualitative with a quantitative approach. The data used is sourced from the financial statements of PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis results show that the company has good liquidity because current assets are higher than current liabilities. The solvency ratio level is quite healthy. Although the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) indicates high debt, the low Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) values show that most of the assets are still funded by equity. The company's profitability level is less healthy. Although the Gross Profit Margin (GPM) shows positive results and is higher than the industry average, other ratios such as Operating Profit Margin (OPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) indicate that the company has significant room for improvement in operational efficiency, cost management, and optimization of asset and equity utilization. Keywords: Analysis, Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability

A novel hybrid model based on multiple influencing factors and temporal convolutional network coupling ReOSELM for wind power prediction

Highly accurate wind power prediction is important for the operation and management of wind farms, energy utilization and power supply. In recent years, in order to further improve prediction accuracy, some researchers have considered utilizing factors such as wind speed and wind direction to establish prediction models. However, this often results in input redundancy due to a lack of technical means. In this paper, a multivariate prediction model for wind power based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), fuzzy entropy (FE), partial auto-correlation function and cross-correlation function (PACF&CCF, abbreviated as PC), improved artificial hummingbird algorithm (IAHA), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and regularized online sequential extreme learning machine (ReOSELM) is proposed. To address the nonlinearity and non-stationarity of the original wind power time series and decrease computational costs, the VMD combined with FE data preprocessing technique is employed. Considering the information redundancy in the multivariate data, the PC technique is utilized to conduct correlation analysis on the input data and select highly correlated features as inputs. When the input is multivariate and high-dimensional, the ReOSELM model struggles to achieve satisfactory prediction performance. Therefore, a new model based on TCN-ReOSELM is constructed. Additionally, to overcome the drawbacks of manual parameter adjustment, an IAHA algorithm is proposed, which integrates Latin hypercube sampling and chaotic local search strategies, to optimize the crucial parameters of TCN-ReOSELM. The experimental results demonstrate that the multivariate method proposed in this paper reduces the RMSE by 31% compared to the univariate method. Specifically, the proposed VMD-FE-PC-TCN-ReOSELM model reduces the RMSE, MAE, and SMAPE by 60–64%, 55–58%, and 10–36%, respectively, compared to the PC-TCN-ReOSELM model.

Reassessment of the Emission Reduction Responsibilities of Wealthy Individuals and Corporations: Considerations based on the Perspective of Resource Availability

Minimizing emissions has become a crucial element in the fight against global climate change. This study will employ resource dependence theory to assess the participation of wealthy individuals and corporations in the worldwide effort to decrease emissions, particularly with regards to natural, human, and capital resources. The objective is to demonstrate the crucial role that affluent individuals and major corporations play in promoting climate action. In conclusion, we recommend enhancing the management of these organizations' resource utilization and implementing stronger environmental protection measures to prevent their economic activities from undermining the attainment of global climate objectives. This study offers fresh insights into comprehending and advancing more efficient worldwide strategies for reducing emissions, emphasizing the substantial influence of affluent individuals and major corporations who exploit resources in global emissions reduction endeavors.

Potential of Solid Waste from Palm Oil as Fuel for Steam Power Plants in Palm Oil Factories

This research aims to analyze the potential electric energy contained in the by-products and processed waste of palm oil. Biomass derived from palm oil by-products can serve as an alternative source of energy, with potential calorific value to generate electricity from boilers or as renewable energy. While solid waste from palm oil by-products is commonly utilized as boiler fuel and fertilizer, it holds promise as a renewable energy source in its entirety. The research process includes problem identification, formulation, determination of research objectives, literature review, field surveys, primary data collection through observation and interviews, data analysis, and presentation of research results. Field observations from several visited palm oil mills reveal that solid waste by-products typically consist of 5-7% shell, 11-14% fiber, and 20-22% Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) per ton of processed Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). Considering the maximum electricity requirement for processing 30 tons/hour and the potential electrical energy contained in each waste type, utilizing fiber waste alone as boiler fuel is sufficient, offering a potential electrical energy of 542.1 kW. Any excess electrical power generated (580 kW) by the boiler can be sourced from shell waste, enabling surplus electricity to be sold to external parties. With the surplus electrical power estimated at 130 – 70 kW/hour, operating for 20 hours per day yields a surplus of 1.4 – 2.6 MW/day from processing. The calorific value of solid palm oil waste is notably affected by its moisture content. Proper management of fiber waste utilization can effectively fulfill the energy needs of palm oil mills. Additionally, there is potential to sell approximately 648 – 686 kW of electrical energy externally, derived from shell waste and EFB.

An Optimization Model for Flight Rescheduling from an Airport’s Centralized Perspective for Better Management of Demand and Capacity Utilization

Over-capacity flight scheduling by commercial airlines due to the surging demand in recent years creates congestion and significant delays at major airports. This attitude towards maximizing throughput calls for tactical flight rescheduling to comply with airports’ capacity limitations and distribute the peak hour demand over the course of a day. Such displacements of flights may cause significant problems and costs for airlines and some cancellations or missed connections for passengers. This paper presents an optimization model for flight rescheduling at a schedule-coordinated airport to minimize congestion and flight delays at peak hours. The optimization model is used to make better scheduling intervention decisions considering airport resource constraints and safety of operation. A simulation algorithm is also developed to replicate arrival and departure processes in such an airport. The simulation adheres to a first come first served (FCFS) discipline and enforces runway capacity constraints and minimum turnaround times. We compare the delays caused by an ad hoc FCFS operation with those of the optimization model. Computational results from a case study demonstrate that a reduction of 52.6% and 61% in total delay times for arrival and departure flights, respectively, can be achieved. The optimization model also facilitates the implementation of a collaborative decision-making system for better coordination of airport traffic flow management with commercial airlines.

Strategic Management of Zakat Funds for Educational Initiatives: A Study at Amil Zakat Agency of�Nurul�Hayat

The Zakat, Infaq, and Sedekah (ZIS) funds hold significant potential in Indonesia for enhancing societal welfare, especially in the educational sector. However, the optimal utilization of these funds remains a challenge, with ensuring appropriate and effective usage being the primary concern. Therefore, conducting an in-depth study on the management of ZIS fund utilization in educational programs at the Amil Zakat Institution (LAZ) Nurul Hayat becomes essential to assess its professionalism in managing and distributing funds entrusted by donors. This research adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on LAZ Nurul Hayat in Semarang. Data collection methods involve interviews with LAZ Nurul Hayat officials and documentation based on relevant articles, journals, and research. Data processing encompasses editing, classification, data analysis, and conclusion stages. The findings reveal that LAZ Nurul Hayat has successfully implemented the management of zakat fund utilization, incorporating planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation in the educational sector.

Research on the Implementation Plan of Urban and Rural Sanitation Integration in County Towns in China

This paper deeply discusses the implementation plan of the integration of urban and rural sanitation in county towns in China. First of all, the main problems facing urban and rural sanitation in the county are analyzed, including inadequate sanitation facilities, scattered management and low efficiency of resource utilization. Then, it puts forward the necessity and importance of urban and rural sanitation integration, pointing out that it helps to improve the county's environmental health level, promote resource conservation and recycling, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. In the implementation of the program, this paper puts forward a series of concrete measures. It includes strengthening the construction of sanitation infrastructure, improving the system of garbage collection, transfer and treatment; Promoting the reform of the environmental sanitation management system to realize the unification and coordination of urban and rural sanitation management; Strengthen environmental sanitation technology innovation and personnel training, improve the quality and efficiency of environmental sanitation services; At the same time, pay attention to the combination of policy guidance and market mechanism to attract social capital to participate in the cause of environmental sanitation. Through this study, the aim is to provide a scientific implementation plan and reference for the integration of urban and rural environmental sanitation in the county, and promote the healthy development of environmental health undertakings in the county.

Research on Implementation and Management Evaluation System for Protection and Utilization of Traditional Villages:A Case Study of Traditional Chinese Villages in Lingnan Waterfront

The protection and utilization of traditional villages have seen an increase around China since the country issued the catalogue of tra-ditional village protection. However, the effect of the protection and utilization of traditional villages has not been remarkable, as physical decline and constructive failure of traditional villages occur frequently. Consequently, traditional villages are faced with challenges through a lack of evalua-tion and poor construction management. As an important feedback tool, conducting an evaluation can shed light on achievements in implementation of protection and utilization of traditional villages and effectively reveal problems impeding such implementation. Establishing a scientific evalua-tion system for traditional village protection and utilization is of great significance to the sustainable protection and utilization of traditional villages. Currently, China has not introduced an evaluation system for the implementation of traditional village protection and utilization, and only limited re-search has been conducted in this area. Existing studies have emphasized the evaluation of the implementation of protection and utilization but pay only limited attention to the implementation process. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of implementation planning and man-agement, and of relevant studies on this topic, the current study examined the methods used to evaluate the effect of protection and utilization, the protection measures and supervision structures from the perspective of achievements and processes around implementation. Moreover, a case study based on the traditional villages in Lingnan Waterfront was used in the current study, with a focus on the local characteristics of the implementation and management of traditional village protection and utilization. On this basis, an evaluation index system is established, which comprises settlement protection and planning implementation, an active utilization degree, new-old settlement collaboration, protection measures, implementation supervi-sion and management. In Lingnan Waterfront, 44 national-level traditional villages are chosen as samples to examine the implementation and man-agement of traditional village protection and utilization. The results shows that the implementation of traditional village protection and utilization in Lingnan Waterfront poses obvious non-equilibrium challenges. Concerning the implementation of traditional village protection and utilization, there are three levels: Good, moderate and poor. Government policy support, urbanization and industrialization represent important factors that influence the implementation and management of traditional village protection and utilization. For traditional villages that are protected, utilized and managed well, the implementation and management of their protection and utilization are aligned with the early attention paid by the Chinese Government to the situation, as well as the impacts of both industrialization and urbanization. Traditional villages which exhibit moderate implementation and man-agement of protection and utilization are often influenced by industrialization and urbanization in rural areas in the Pearl River Delta. Driven by demolition of old houses and the construction of new housing sites for villagers facing a land shortage, the rural landscape and appearance of villages have undergone different degrees of damage. For traditional villages with poor implementation and management of protection and utilization, the locations of such villages are significantly influenced by urbanization or industrialization in the Pearl River Delta. As traditional villages are attrac-ted by the economic benefits, protection and utilization encounter severe impacts caused by urbanization and the construction of industrial parks in rural areas, and are stuck in a dilemma. Ultimately, the implementation and management evaluation system of traditional village protection and utili-zation is established in the current study based on the case study of Lingnan Waterfront. The results of the study not only deepen the existing body of knowledge on the implementation evaluation of traditional villages, but also provide a reference point for action to address the situation.

“Booster” or “Obstacle”: Can digital transformation improve energy efficiency? Firm-level evidence from China

To identify the influence of digital transformation on energy consumption, this paper introduces digitalization and energy elements into the multi-sector energy efficiency analysis model. Furthermore, this paper empirically tests the influence of digital transformation on energy efficiency from the micro level. The results show that the digital transformation indeed improves the enterprises energy efficiency, in which enterprises with higher energy efficiency are more affected. The improvement effect of digital transformation on enterprise energy efficiency continues to increase over time. In comparison, digital transformation shows more effective improvement effect on energy efficiency in enterprises that substantive transformation priority, with same group and maturity stage. Mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation can improve the energy efficiency of enterprises by reducing costs, increasing income, improving production efficiency and promoting technological innovation. In addition, the digital inclusive finance, government subsidies, intellectual property protection and service industry opening show positive regulatory effects. This paper proposes that, with the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, enterprises should actively increase digital investment and strengthen digital management of energy utilization.

ئاڵنگارییەکانی ئاسایشی ئاو لە هەرێمی کوردستان

This study investigates two fundamental challenges facing the water security in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. These challenges are identified as internal and external. Internal challenges are dealt with from two perspectives: one has to do with climate change that leads to decreasing the rainfall and increasing droughts both of which negatively affecting water revenues. The other one is human-related challenges that are associated with water utilisation and water management issues. Such challenges include the excessive use and waste of water as well as water pollution that results in the inability of water revenues (especially surface water such as rivers and lakes) to meet the needs of people in the region. The external challenges, on the other hand, are related to the current water policies pursued by the neighbouring countries of Turkey and Iran. These countries use the water resources located within their borders as a weapon against the Kurdistan Region. About 60% of the region’s water resources comes from Turkey and Iran. Consequently, the strict water policy implemented by these countries has exerted a considerable negative impact on the total amount of water needs in the Kurdistan Region. affected.

과학 수업에서 디지털 자료를 활용한 수업이 초등학생들의 디지털 소양에 미치는 영향과 디지털 수업에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of classes using digital textbooks and digital materials on elementary school students' digital literacy and their perception of digital classes, focusing on the expansion of the visual data area in science classes. For the 5th and 6th graders of elementary schools in the central region, classes centered on traditional book textbooks and classes using digital textbooks were conducted to compare the degree of improvement in digital literacy. 158 5th grade students and 146 6th graders were participated in. Classes using book-type textbooks and digital textbooks were conducted 3 times a week for 3 months, for a total of 12 weeks, from October to December to research subjects with similar living conditions and economic levels, and digital literacy tests were conducted before and after. As a result, students who used digital textbooks showed a partially statistically significant change in the degree of improvement in digital literacy compared to students in the control group. As a result of analysis by dividing into five areas: collection of information, utilization and management of information, utilization and evaluation of media, utilization of smart devices, and understanding and practice of copyright and Internet ethics, Comparing the pre-test and post-tests in the experimental and control groups, each showed significant changes in digital literacy. This is a result that runs counter to the idea that digital literacy can only be improved by making greater use of digital materials. However, students who consistently use it are able to induce more changes in terms of digital literacy than students who do not. In addition, students who used digital textbooks preferred classes using audio-visual materials such as digital textbooks more than classes using general photos or book-type textbooks, and had comfort and confidence in using digital devices such as computers and tablet PCs. In addition, it was found that science classes using materials were more preferred. However, among students' individual responses or interviews, some responded that learning was more effective in traditional teaching, research through scientist interviews, and explanations through images or diagrams.

Soil Fertility Evaluation in Long-term Paddy Field on Small Island: A Preliminary Research in Savana Jaya Village, Buru Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia

Efforts to increase rice production continue to face severe challenges, primarily attributed to the declining quality of paddy field soil resources. This study aims to investigate the management of fertilizer utilization and chemical properties of six rice paddy soils in Savana Jaya Village, Waeapo District, Buru Regency. Additionally, it seeks to assess the soil fertility status after 10 to 40 years of continuous rice planting and recommend an approach for fertilizer application. These fields were selected using a purposive sampling method. The soil samples were analyzed total nitrogen (N), potential phosphorus (P), and potential potassium (K) content, as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Rice production data was collected by interviewing farmers. The results showed that the soil organic C content and the total N were very low to low, the potential P status was moderate to very high, the potential K status was low to moderate, and the CEC-s of all fields were very low. The soil fertility status of all fields was very low. Organic matter is essential for maintaining the health and fertility of paddy soil, particularly in small islands where the soil is often subjected to intensive use of inorganic fertilizers, posing potential environmental contamination concerns.

Advancing Sustainable Agriculture through Resource Efficiency

Efficiency in technology, distributive effectiveness, and environmental effectiveness all have the potential to be included in the general concept of "resource use efficiency in agriculture." An effective farmer distributes his resources, including labourers, water, and land, appropriately in the best possible way to enhance his revenue while minimising expenses over time. Multiple research studies, however, demonstrate that farmers frequently make inadequate use of their resources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of various farming practices and technologies, highlighting their impact on agricultural efficiency and resource use. Also, this review investigates the incorporation of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) into agriculture, emphasising the significance of environmental and economic factors in achieving sustainable agricultural productivity. With a focus on the ASEAN region and specific case studies, it assesses how carbon emissions, deforestation, renewable energy, and biodiversity affect farming efficiencies. The paper underscores the value of biodiversity, including underutilized and neglected species, and the potential of IoT and associated technologies to enhance agricultural operations. Moreover, it discusses about how resource optimization models can be used to increase agricultural yields and address environmental issues. A fundamental necessity for strategic management of water resources and joint utilization of water resources to support sustainable agriculture is also emphasized in the evaluation.