Management Of Social Processes Research Articles

Теоретико-методологічні аспекти становлення комунікативної системи публічного управління

The article establishes the need for the formation of a system of administrative communications to ensure the coordination of activities of subjects of state, municipal, public authorities, and mass media in the management of social processes. It has been proven that the formation of effective public communication, the communicative complex of the public power subsystem, is possible by reforming the public administration system. The theoretical and methodological principles of forming the administrative communications system were defined, and its structural and functional model was developed. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical description of the communicative process in modern scientific discourse, which uses various, and sometimes mutually exclusive, hypotheses, positions, and approaches; quite often, communication as a process is considered a relatively narrow sphere of human activity, and the application of the used models for local self-government seems problematic. Attention is paid to the fact that in the conditions of public administration reform in Ukraine, one of the urgent tasks is the modernization of the public communications system, bringing it closer to the standards of the EU and leading countries of the world, building an effective model of communication activities of state authorities. The subject and methods of communicative interaction of social subjects implementing communicative public policy are defined. The importance of communication in state administration and local self-government is also proven by its (communication) feature, which is a reliable and constant supplier of valuable information, which is then used in the management process. Public administration communications should be considered as a set of subsystems of informational and motivational interactions. It is noted that, in general, it is appropriate to define the communication system of public administration as mutually agreed complexes of communicative horizontal and vertical, internal and external, formal and informal interactions of subjects of public space (bodies, organizations, institutions, and representatives of state, self-governing, public, media authorities and citizens ) at the central, regional and local levels, thanks to which the coordination of the activities of the subjects regarding the management of social processes is achieved. Keywords: communicative interaction, communicative strategy, public administration bodies, state administration, mass communication media, civil society institutions, communicative system of public administration, local self-government.

Russian society’s responses to the social challenges of the pandemic

The purpose of the article is to determine the national characteristics of overcoming the social consequences of the pandemic in the Russian society. The planetary spread of the COVID-19 virus, which takes place regardless of state national borders, has highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of world integration on a global scale and, at the same time, has shown the reserves of a national solution to economic, political and cultural problems in a pandemic situation. The author proposes the author's solution to the problem of Russia's place in the world civilizational process, determines the specifics of the country's civilizational development, which determines decision-making in the management of social processes, using civilizational approach, historical and comparative methods. The result of the study is the substantiation of the position on the crisis of the globalization project, the signs of which are the inability of the world community to ensure intercultural interaction and consolidate in solving the problem of the pandemic, as well as the refusal to recognize Russian achievements in the fight against the virus. It was concluded that only national-state localization and tough government decisions can have positive consequences in an extreme situation. The practical value of the results of scientific research lies in the possibility of using the conclusions that we justified to assess the social situation and develop specific political and economic measures to overcome the negative social consequences of the pandemic in Russian society, to organize tolerant intercultural communication in the world community.

Feedback in the Regulation of Legal Relations

Problem statement. The paper explores the possibilities of using the feedback principle, known to cybernetics and legal science, for the organization of legislative work. Purpose and objectives. To determine how relevant the use of the feedback principle is for different branches of law, how feedback can be organized taking into account the special complexity of such a system as society. Methods. Based on the content analysis of publications published in the Scientific Electronic Library, a conclusion is made about those branches of Russian law where the use of the feedback principle in the management of social processes is of the greatest relevance. Results. By observation and comparison, the author comes to the conclusion that the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Codification and Improvement of Civil Legislation is an effective social institution that organizes feedback based on the opinions of experts in the field of law. The transmission of a feedback signal through trade unions and employers’ associations is not able to give high results for the management of the rule-making system due to the existence of high requirements imposed by life on the quality of draft laws. Conclusions. In the presidential republic, the improvement of legislative work is possible through the organization of feedback – the creation of councils on the most important branches of law under the head of state.

АНАЛИЗ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ ДОХОДОВ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦ В РОССИИ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАНАХ

An important role in the system of taxation of any State is assigned to the tax on the income of individuals. The purpose of the study tax is to replenish the budget of the country and the subsequent even distribution of vital funds among the population. The money collected from this type of tax is mainly allocated by the state to the social needs of citizens: the management of social processes takes place. The income tax levied on individuals, in its fiscal and regulatory functions, is part of a mechanism that redistributes the income of residents and non-residents: it affects different social strata. In this regard, the authors of the article study the key points of taxation of individuals in Russia and foreign countries. The work examined residents, tax rates, deductions and loans in several States. The authors also conducted a comparative analysis of the main aspects and features of taxes on income of individuals of a number of foreign countries and Russia.

SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN VALUES

The article considers the issues of changing accents and cultural transformation in Ukraine, Great Britain and other European countries. In recent years, Ukraine has seen an active revival in the cultural sphere. From publishing to music, from film production to theater, from fashion to curatorial exhibitions – the Ukrainian cultural environment has become bold, diverse and large-scale. Euromaidan has given impetus to a powerful wave of cultural activism: from discussion platforms to spontaneous exhibitions, from urban regeneration projects to volunteer groups seeking to protect dilapidated national heritage sites. The impetus for it was the dynamism of the Ukrainian creative community. And further development became possible thanks to the support of new state cultural institutions. These institutes emerged after Euromaidan, such as the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, the Ukrainian Book Institute, and the Ukrainian Institute. Institutions with a long history, such as the State Agency of Ukraine for Cinema, have strengthened their positions. The creation of these new institutions marked the departure from the post-Soviet system of cultural management. And the transition to a consistent and comprehensive cultural policy. The main thing is that the creation of a new system of culture in Ukraine has helped to bridge the gap between the state and cultural activists and the creative sector. One of the most important problems of the cultural sector in Ukraine for the last 25 years is funding. This problem is also relevant for the United Kingdom. But when it comes to finding resources for artists and cultural institutions, British policy has a respectable tradition and a number of successful answers. Support for the arts by both the state and business seems to be a matter of course for the British. At the same time, the idea of the self-worth of art is also supported by the idea of its social significance, as well as the perception of art as a primary source of creativity, innovative development, creative industry. The relationship between the European Union and the society of Ukraine is already yielding some results in the context of ensuring the democratic and European development of the state. For the successful implementation of European integration in Ukraine, it is necessary to apply such mechanisms that will ensure coordinated management of social processes of the state in the direction of European integration. The main mechanism is cultural policy, which should be aimed at regulating the regulatory framework. And the application of regulations in practice. This will allow culture to take a leading position on the path to national modernization. Legislation should be a mechanism for achieving goals, and the main thing should remain that the person should be at the center of cultural policy of the state. Given the experience of the United Kingdom, the formation of Ukraine's cultural policy should be based on the idea of the all-encompassing impact of culture on modern society. Accordingly, such a policy, being aimed at the cultural sector, effectively affects all spheres of public life. Consistent support for culture at the financial and fiscal, legislative and executive, national and local levels should, above all, be based on an awareness of the value of culture. Culture enriches people's lives, changes their worldview and inspires creativity. In the social dimension, its impact has the most significant impact on education, health and cohesion.

Reducing the Rural-Urban Social Inequality: Chinese and Russian Comparative Experience

Rural-urban social inequality in Russia is evident. Russian public opinion proposes to reduce the rural-urban income gap, both within the framework of the self-regulating market paradigm, reflected in public programmes, and within the planned command economy framework. In the same ways it proposes to achieve an inter-regional socio-economic balance.The People’s Republic of China (PRC) also faces the problem of reducing rural-urban social inequality. It looks as if it is trying to solve the problem by applying direct measures that can even reverse the processes of urbanization.This article proposes to analyze and adopt the most effective ways of reducing rural-urban inequality, as practiced in China. It is also possible to incorporate in the Chinese state’s management of social processes the methods of reduction of inequality between rural and urban populations, created by the dirigiste trends of Russian public thought, since the socio-economic system of the PRC readily assimilates elements of the planned economy.

Problems of Improving the New Paradigm of Social Processes Management in Modern Ukraine

Theoretical analysis and practical application of the management system of social processes is impossible without a clear methodological basis, which is part of the paradigm. The paradigm is usually based on a system of principles that determine the prospects for the development of science. An important achievement of modern methodology of science is the theoretical substantiation of the position on the historical variability of the paradigm. This is due to the steady process of development of social practice, the expansion of the problem field of science and the improvement of research methods. It follows that any paradigm, including management, exists only within a certain time. Then it inevitably undergoes rethinking and gives way to a new paradigm. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to try to identify the most promising semantic landmarks around which to improve the new paradigm of management of social processes, and the task - to record such paradigmatic changes in the system of principles.

Soft Power for Russia: from Adoption to Latent Governance Skills

This article is devoted to the study of Russian perception of soft power, which was initially conceptualized within the American political theory and is still being discussed in terms of its application to real political relations in the modern world. Scientific novelty of the article lies in identifying, based on retrospective analysis of Russian language publications on soft power, gradual shift from descriptive approach to soft power as exclusive instrument of American foreign policy towards an emerging independent category of Russian soft power. The latter incorporates perceptions about the ability of the state to rely on the most effective social structures in interaction, first of all, with external actors, which, however, can also have a domestic civil dimension in terms of expanding the tools for latent management of social processes. Besides considering the publication dynamics in scientific journals, the author also analyzes the gradual entry of the concept of soft power into discourse of real Russian politics through the public rhetoric of country’s top leadership and strategic foreign policy documents. Initially, Russian priorities articulated through the search for mechanisms to resist soft power from the outside. Later a consecutive postulate emerged to develop sovereign soft power instruments, based on the active engagement of civil society institutions into foreign policy process. Activation of latter, as well as the growing practices of different countries in building relations with non-governmental organizations in the implementation of their national interests, are becoming important factors to encourage government efforts for soft power. Russian experience demonstrates a two-way process in search for the corresponding national model: while the state expresses interest in developing additional mechanisms that support its policy in the international arena, the society demonstrates a demand for increasingly universal forms of self-realization in a competitive global market.

Reducing Rural-Urban Social Inequality: Chinese and Russian Comparative Experience

Rural-urban social inequality in Russia is evident. Russian public opinion proposes to reduce the rural-urban income gap, both within the framework of the self-regulating market paradigm, reflected in public programmes, and within the planned command economy framework. In the same ways it proposes to achieve an inter-regional socio-economic balance.The People’s Republic of China (PRC) also faces the problem of reducing rural-urban social inequality. It looks as if it is trying to solve the problem by applying direct measures that can even reverse the processes of urbanization.This article proposes to analyze and adopt the most effective ways of reducing rural-urban inequality, as practiced in China. It is also possible to incorporate in the Chinese state’s management of social processes the methods of reduction of inequality between rural and urban populations, created by the dirigiste trends of Russian public thought, since the socio-economic system of the PRC readily assimilates elements of the planned economy.

Features of Education of the Political Culture of Students in a Post-Epidemic Society

The article analyses the current state of the formation of the political culture of students in a post-epidemic society. It is indicated that today's time has a tragic character associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and grief unites the people of the Planet in search of salvation and survival. To a large extent, this depends on the political will of the government, on its political culture and the political culture of each individual. At the same time, the problems of forming a political culture of youth are ignored. The research methodology is based on a complex of methodological approaches: cultural, systemic, anthropological, civilizational. The main categories of research are analysed: politics and political culture. Recommendations are given on the practice of educating a new political culture. It is determined that in the modern interpretation, politics is a sphere of society’s life related to relations between social groups regarding the acquisition, organization, use of power and management of social processes, and political culture is a combination of positions, values and a code of conduct regarding mutual relations between authorities and citizen. The main characteristic features of the student age are determined, making it sensitive for the upbringing of political culture: the polysocial basis of manning; intellectual and social dynamism; temporality of status; the intensity of mutual communication; the tension of the search for the meaning of life.

Counteracting the Use of Gamification Technology for Terrorist and Extremist Purposes

The development of information technologies, changes in the nature of work, transformation of public values lead to a spread of gamification technology and its wide use in the sphere of social management of public and business structures. The authors examine the historical aspect of the development of gamification technology and its practical application in different public sectors. Generalization of the existing data on the essence of gamification made it possible to work out its concept. The authors describe the mechanism of creating a game model and analyze approaches to its design. They are convinced that the advantages of gamification as a social technology are based on specific traits of human psychology and enable its use as a mechanism of covert manipulation. The paper presents examples of using gamification in business, state regulation, management of social processes. The research of the activities of transnational terrorist organizations became a basis for the conclusion that gamification technologies are actively used for terrorist and extremist purposes. The authors also analyze the threats of using gamification in terrorist activities, specifically, for increasing interest in such actions, recruiting new members of terrorist organizations, intensifying the activity of supporters, fundraising and committing terrorist acts. Specific attention is paid to threats of using the gamification technology on the territory of the Russian Federation. The counteraction to the use of gamification technology for terrorist and extremist goals becomes a context for analyzing the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, including the Complex Plan of Counteracting the Ideology of Terrorism in the Russian Federation in 2019-2023. The authors present a complex of measures aimed at counteracting the use of gamification technology for terrorist and extremist purposes.

Онтологии, интерсубъективное управление и эвергетика В.А. Виттиха

This year we celebrated the 80th anniversary since the birth of the famous scientist, talented pedagogue, accomplished jazz musician and composer, professor Vittikh Vladimir Andreevitch. Successfully combining the style of scientific thinking and the breadth of creative flight, Vladimir Andreevitch in science, as well as in music, appreciated inspiration, excitement and improvisation. He was always full of new ideas and inspired his colleagues and disciples. The last years of his life the scientist dedicated to the formation and development of a new science about the management processes – evergetics that complements and expands the capabilities of the traditional systematic approach to the resolving the problem situations in the life of society. For the first time the article attempts to analyze the V.A. Vittikh’s theoretical legacy, considering the modern realities and ideas that are being laid in the model of a new economic order, better known as the superintelligent "Society 5.0". It is shown, that V.A. Vittikh anticipated a lot of things that are only now being reflected in the concept of "Society 5.0" and his innovative ideas can serve as a theoretical basis, a stepping-stone for overcoming the famous "five walls" on the way to the digital society of the future. It is noted that the desire to "digitalize" everything and everyone often happens in oblivion of what, or rather for the benefit of whom, the new information technologies should be created and used. In this sense, V.A. Vittikh's evergetics eliminates one of the most "bottlenecks" associated with the often weak adequacy of the decisions made to the realities of the life. At the same time the modern information and intelligent technologies, including ontological modeling and ontological data analysis form the technological basis of evergetics, providing a "conjugation" of the points of view of the participants in the decisionmaking process and a certain automation of their communicative actions. Examples of the first practical attempts to implement the main ideas and provisions of evergetics in the management of social processes in society are given.

Theoretical and methodological principles of development of the communicative system of public administration

The necessity of forming a communicative system of public administration as a way of ensuring the coordination of activities of state, self-governing, public and media authorities in management of social processes is grounded. The theoretical and methodological principles of formation of the communicative system of public management and its structural and functional model are defined.

Институциализация советской высшей школы в России в 1920-е гг.

The scientific concept of the Soviet state policy in the sphere of higher education in 1920s and its role in the system of state management of social processes and education of young people is formulated in the article by the aid of modern research methods. The study concludes that after the revolutionary events of 1917 and the Civil war, the leadership of the RCP(b) began to implement practices to radically reform the system of higher education. It was launched onto a new path of development, its proletarization reinforced and introduction of political methods of management continued. While developing state policy in the field of higher education, the emphasis was placed on radical, essential measures that served the goals and objectives of the Soviet power. The result was a qualitatively different content of education, ideological bias of social life, culture, science, and education, and strengthening of repressive policy towards representatives of the ‘old-regime’ higher education. The initiator of all innovations in the system of higher education in Russia in the 1920s was the RCP(b)-VKP(b). The Bolsheviks social experiment in accelerated introduction of new communist socio-cultural values and proletarianization of higher education institutions proved controversial, design of Soviet higher school being extremely poor. At the same time, the higher school that existed in Russia before and achieved the trappings of consistency by 1917, also had its advantages and disadvantages. In early 1920s, in the light of new socio-political reality, main elements of the previous structure were reformed in a fairly rigid way by the ruling RCP(b)-VKP(b). The institutionalization of the Soviet higher school in 1920s took place when a shortage of personnel with socio-cultural, methodological, and scientific experience necessary for successful implementation of the proposed socio-economic reforms was compensated by support of state security agencies.

Project Management in the Field of Innovative Technologies of Environmental Management

The article deals with the application of project management in the field of innovative technologies of environmental management. This article examines the sustainability of integrated development environment, and society in the “three ones” concept, which covers all major aspects of development and global change: ecological, social, economic-based planning. But the transition from the national level to the practice of management in the real institutional environment revealed the unresolved systemic issues such as: economic development is considered at the national level; the management of social processes is in the area of responsibility of regions; environmental issues are concentrated at the local, municipal level. To solve this problem, this article discusses the design aspects of environmental management. So in designing the required high degree of understanding of interdependencies and patterns of organizing itself independently of the system that explains the differences between technical and social design. Technical design relies on mechanistic management, while social planning is understood as a system or organic project management. Hence it is safe to state the fact that project management in the environmental management of the country is concentrated in specific design, planning, technical and management solutions, as well as in the creation interested in these effects in all spheres and strata of society.

Корпоративная ответственность бизнеса – инновационный подход в решении социальных проблем

Currently, in the society of various countries there are transformational processes affecting the legal, political and social spheres. Innovative changes in the economy, politics and law lead to rapid modifications of many established social stereotypes, attitudes and structures. Questions of civil society and of individual spheres of life are essential components of the internal and foreign policy. Effective and innovative development of different countries depends on the quality of life and well-being of citizens. Reliability and stability of the rule of law is dependent on the legal competence and cross-sectoral cooperation between the parties. State and civil society in the framework of the democratic structure are interested in supporting each other. Corporate social responsibility is one of the leading themes in the contemporary debate about the methods and mechanisms for the sustainable development of society. As a new field of knowledge, it generates new concepts in the context of transformation of society. At the present stage of development of civil society the socially responsible type of business conduct is an activity of the commercial sector in their political and legal forms, corresponding to the interests of society. Cost-effectiveness encourages socially responsible business to actively seek ways and forms of interaction between government, business and social interest groups. New mechanisms of mutual relations in the future will become the leading basis to improve the management of social processes in order to manage the risks of undermining the stability and predictability of the prospective development of the democratic state. The article substantiates the conclusion that only the ability to combine the interests of different groups and stakeholders to transform cultural heritage, value opinion in their own strategic objectives and processes for effective decision-making in various spheres of social life of the community will be able to survive in the conditions of globalization.

The perils of a science of intentional change.

The attempt to construct an applied science of social change raises certain concerns, both theoretical and ethical. The theoretical concerns relate to the feasibility of predicting human behavior with sufficient reliability to ground a science that aspires to the management of social processes. The ethical concerns relate to the moral hazards involved in the modification of human social arrangements, given the unreliability of predicting human action.

The South African Experience of Conservation and Social Forestry Outreach Nurseries

Outreach nurseries are favored conservation and social forestry tools globally, but, as with many integrated conservation and development programs (ICDPs), they do not always produce anticipated results. A synopsis of the experience of South African practitioners is provided in this study of 65 outreach nurseries. South African outreach nurseries frequently include financial objectives, creating additional challenges in simultaneously attaining conservation and socioeconomic goals. Progress was hindered by biophysical problems (e.g., lack of water, poor soils, etc.) as well as the harsh socioeconomic conditions facing most communities in which nurseries had been established. Attaining financial viability was challenging. Business management skills were often restricted, and few viability studies included adequate market research. Costs to community participants were usually high, and benefits were limited. Conservation objectives were frequently lost in the struggle to attain financial viability. The management of social processes also proved challenging. Although small scale and relatively straightforward compared with many ICDPs, nurseries usually require substantial institutional support, including a range of technical, business, and development services. Project time frames need to be reconsidered, as practitioners estimate that it takes 5-10 years for nurseries to start meeting objectives, and donors and implementing agencies often operate on 2-3-year project cycles. Detailed viability studies are essential, incorporating a social probe and an assessment of potential impacts of projects on community participants. Progress needs to be continuously evaluated to enable institutions and community participants to adapt to changing conditions as well as ensure that the spectrum of objectives are being achieved.

Sociological Services to Enterprises and Problems of Improving the Effectiveness of Sociological Research

The practical implementation of scientific methods of management of social processes has required the creation of special services providing sociological information on various aspects of the life of society. Today, according to data from the Institute of Sociological Research, Academy of Sciences USSR and from the Soviet Sociological Association, there are over 400 entities in this country doing work in sociology, of which 250 operate within the system of institutions of the Academy of Sciences USSR and those of the various republics as well as in higher educational institutions, and dozens function on a voluntary basis in association with Party bodies. The largest sociological service, in scale and facilities, is being established within the Moscow Party organization. Many ministries have sociological centers that provide guidance on research methods within their respective branches of industry. Hundreds of associations, enterprises, and organizations have groups of employees engaging in sociological st...

Questions of Prevention of Crime by Women

Soviet criminology regards crime prevention not only as a broad set of interrelated measures carried out by state organs and the public for the purpose of combating crime and eliminating its causes but also as a special sphere of social regulation, of management of social processes, associated with implementing the tasks of uprooting crime. (1)