Recreation Resource Management Research Articles

Recreation specialization: Resource selection functions as a predictive tool for protected area recreation management

Widespread and ongoing increases in park and protected area (PPA) visitation presents managers with the imminent challenge of preserving ecological conditions while also maintaining accessibility in the open spaces that are fundamental to the health and wellness needs of society. In the field of recreation resource management, recreation specialization, the selective channeling of interests and abilities into a specific recreational activity, has contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of recreation behavior, site preference, management perceptions and conservation support. Contributing to historical understandings of specialization can inform recreation planning on the diversity of uses occurring in urban-proximate PPAs. In this study, survey and GPS data collected in urban and peri-urban parks in the Nature Reserve of Orange County, CA, USA, were used to classify recreationists into three specialization types based on empirically derived dimensions of involvement, commitment and skill. For each survey participant, thirteen spatio-temporal metrics (STM) were calculated. A principle component analysis (PCA) reduced STMs into 3 factors representing expressions of spatial behavior and a one-way analysis of variance indicated unique patterns between specialization types and time spent recreating, elevation gained, speed traveled and stopping behavior. Additionally, GPS point data were analyzed with an analytical approach adopted from the field of wildlife movement ecology; a resource selection function (RSF). The RSF assisted in quantifying spatial distribution patterns specific to each specialization type across activity types at four park locations and demonstrated a landscape-based statistical analysis of probability of use in relation to change in elevation, distance to starting points and park amenities. Committed hikers and mountain bikers largely demonstrated longer trip durations, more elevation gain, less overall stopping, faster overall speeds and farther total distances, while e-bikers in this study demonstrated unintuitive specialization dynamics; casual specialization types travelling farther from starting points and dispersing more across trail systems. Further spatial results revealed spatial behavior to be inherently complex and influenced by numerous confounding factors (i.e. activity type/bike type, starting points, park topography and trail design). This novel spatial examination of recreation specialization according to activity type and park location, is useful in understanding recreation behavior and park use in a spatial context. This ability is helpful in a predictive managerial context when reviewed in correspondence with historical evidence identifying behaviors with increased potential for ecological impact.

Tourism and Recreational Industry for Rural Development in Ukrainian Mountains

This article addresses how to develop national and local policy on tourism and recreation in mountainous rural areas considering the recreational capacity, demographic patterns and economic situations, with an emphasis on local livelihoods. Management of recreational natural resources is an integral component of the national environmental policy. It is considered that the recreational natural resources management is broader than the recreational industry management, since the former covers protection and restoration of the resources. The multiplier economic effect and joint use of recreational resources by various users are the key issues for the industry. Evidently, almost in all the Ukraine’s regions, accessible recreational resources are not used efficiently enough. In order to evolve an appropriate sustainable tourism policy, a multilevel algorithm is developed on how to classify areas depending on the recreational resources and tourism industry. The algorithm supplies several policy models of the recreational industry’s development, taking into account the types of settlements (urban, rural, intermediate, and mountainous), proximity of settlements to urban centres (urbanized and peripheral), recreational capacity of areas (high, medium, low), and economic efficiency of local recreational industry (productive, semi-productive, unproductive). Accordingly, three types of communities’ development strategies have been suggested. They include the recreational focus, profound recreational industry, and recreations for locals. The novelty of this research is that it presents the approach on how to assess the capacity of local recreational recourses and the industry. The multilevel algorithm is proposed to classify areas and define better approaches for the local policies.

Economic valuation of selected ecosystem services in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Pakistan.

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a mechanism where a consumer is able and ready to pay for the protection of the precise ecosystem service and there must be a provider such as local societies receiving an economic resource, who in return, must have the ability to maintain that ecosystem service. Economic valuation provides basis for payment for ecosystem services. Therefore, objective of this study was to evaluate tourism and carbon stock services of the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Pakistan. Two forest zones (Chirpine and Scrub) of Islamabad capital territory (ICT) were selected for estimation of carbon stock and their carbon credits and carbon worth, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted for tourism as a payment for ecosystem services. The method for carbon stock assessment was systematic sampling for Chirpine forest whereas random sampling was done for scrub forest. The size of sampling plot was 17.84 m radius, and a total of 93 plots (49 Scrub zone and 44 Chirpine zone) was taken in the study area. The carbon stock of both zones (Chirpine and Scrub zone) is 22556.75 ton/ha (Chirpine 20105.79, Scrub 2450.96) and total carbon dioxide sequestered by both zone is 82557.72 ton/ha (Chirpine 73587.2, Scrub 8970.52), total carbon credits of both zone is 302160.87 (Chirpine 269328.97, Scrub 32831.9) and the carbon worth of both Chirpine and scrub zone is 4532418.92 $ (Chirpine 4039937.09$, Scrub 492481.83$). Similarly, from tourism point of view, in Shakar Parian, 94% tourists were agreed for PES whereas 6% were disagreed for the PES (the 6% tourist were disagreed to contribute for PES, 40% were agreed for Rs.5 contribution and 54% for Rs.10.). moreover, in Lake view Park, 97% tourists were agreed and 3% are disagreed (In Lake View Park 5% tourists were disagreed for the PES contribution whereas 32% were agreed for Rs.5 and 63% were for Rs.10). In Damen e Koh, around 87% tourist were agreed and 13% were disagreed, (24% were agreed for the contribution of Rs.5 and 63% tourists were agreed for the contribution of Rs.10). In Marghazar Zoo, 93% tourists were agreed (22% were agreed for contribution of Rs.5 and 71% tourist were agreed for contribution of Rs.10) and 7% are disagreed for PES whereas 7% tourists were not agreed for contribution. PES may implement to compensate forest and parks manager to ensure better management of the forests and parks. Due to prime location and scenic beauty of the ICT, it has huge potential for implementation of PES mechanism for sustainable forest management and conservation. Therefore, it is recommended that Capital Development Authority (CDA) Islamabad should devise a plan for implementation of PES in forests and parks of ICT for its sustainable management of recreational and forest resources.

Cadastral and landscape modeling of lakes as a prerequisite for protected and recreational nature resource management

The cadastral information about the lakes of the nature reserve fund (NRF) should be based on landscape-geographic principles using modern geo-information systems.Within the research, based on the instrumental field research and the use of software packages ArcGIS Desktop and ReefMaster Software, a bathymetric map of Lake Serednie (Nobel National Natural Park, Ukraine) and other spatial models were developed. The main hydrological and morphometric parameters of the lake basin were calculated, a landscape map of the natural aquatic complex was created and its landscape metric analysis was carried out at the level of aquatic tracts and facies. The research revealed changes in the level regime and shoreline of the lake caused by the long dry periods of 2016-2021 and life activity of beavers. The created integrated cadastral landscape model of the lake with limnology parameters should serve as a basis for the recreational nature use, monitoring and geo-ecological certification of the reservoirs of the NRF.

Prepared food on the trail: Exploring sustainability in outdoor recreation food choices

Given the breadth and depth of environmental concerns such as biodiversity loss and climate change, sustainability is a topic for all sectors of contemporary society, inclusive of outdoor recreation. The guiding global framework focus for sustainability is the United Nations Agenda 2030; this framework is used to support a transition to a more sustainable society. Within outdoor recreation, sustainability can be explored and pursued from a multitude of perspectives, for example, participant behavior, outdoor recreation product production, or outdoor resource management. This paper will provide one small example of how an element of outdoor recreation, prepared backcountry food, can serve as a model for the numerous other questions that need to be addressed to pursue more sustainable outdoor recreation. The research will highlight the complexity of the details of sustainability and the opportunity for sustainable transitions. Outdoor recreation participants make extraordinary decisions as they plan and execute their participation; sustainability can be one of those critical decisions. Research is needed to support the outdoor recreation industry, from producers of outdoor recreation products to resource managers, toward reaching the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030 in their professional work, specifically: Outdoor recreation product producers and outdoor recreation resource managers should use the SDGs as a framework to guide action on multiple levels, broad or very narrowly focused. Outdoor recreation product producers and outdoor recreation managers can collaborate with other professionals, such as food scientists, to achieve Agenda 2030. Producers need to provide missing sustainability information, such as sourcing ingredients or transport methods, to facilitate more comprehensive sustainability decision-making. Outdoor recreation product producers and resource managers must recognize the importance of communicating sustainability factors to facilitate consumers' sustainable decision-making ability.

Factors influencing informal trail conditions: Implications for management and research in Urban-Proximate parks and protected areas

With growing urban populations in close proximity to natural environments, recreation resource managers in parks and protected areas (PPAs) are increasingly confronted with challenges such as high levels of visitation and severe resource impacts. Additionally, urban-proximate PPAs, particularly informal trails in these areas, have received little research attention relative to more remote PPAs and formal trails. The formation of informal trail networks in urban-proximate PPAs can lead to extensive resource impacts such as loss of vegetation cover and soil erosion. Use-related, environmental, and managerial factors have been found to influence trail conditions and degradation on formal trails. We use a well-established rapid assessment field protocol and GIS-derived calculations to analyze informal trail conditions, and the factors influencing those conditions in a high alpine urban-proximate PPA. We find informal trail networks are extensive and that informal trails are influenced by use-related, environmental, and managerial factors in a similar fashion as formal trails. Additionally, results from predictor effect plots allow us to derive valuable management implications focused on where to concentrate use and minimize environmental impacts. Our study concludes with implications to further advance research related to informal trails, such as the need for sound sampling designs and the potential of trail research as a basis for further analysis on environmental susceptibility.

Expanding the viewshed: Insights and implications for examining visitor use management across scales and modalities in an Iconic National Forest

The recent increase in demand for outdoor recreation opportunities within parks and protected areas (PPAs) has impacted visitor experiences, natural resources, and resource management. Outdoor recreation research and management practices often employ single survey modalities to assess a recreation issue at a specific location and time. This research approach has historically met the challenge of helping to alleviate strains associated with social and ecological impacts in PPAs. Recent research in the areas of social-ecological systems (SES) and hierarchy theory, however, suggests an adaptive systems approach, spanning various scales (e.g., spatial, temporal, topical) and modalities (e.g., on-site, off-site, big data), may be the most comprehensive approach to recreation research and management. The current study examined visitor perceptions of crowding, use-levels, encounter rates, management preferences, and overall experience quality within spatial and temporal scales and on-site and off-site survey modalities at the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF), USA. Specifically, this study compared data within two distinct WMNF studies: 1) a 2016 on-site study (n = 855) and 2) a 2020 off-site study (n = 642). Respondents within these separate, yet complementary studies, were segmented by both frequency of visitation and distance traveled to the WMNF. Descriptive and inferential statistics determined that while there are indeed commonalities between the two samples, respondent profiles and overall perceptions of crowding, encounter rates, and management preferences have different trend pattens between samples, with significant differences within samples. Study findings suggest the employment of multiple scales and modalities may provide greater context, validity, and nuance to complex SES outdoor recreation issues which, in turn may provide a more comprehensive understanding of visitor needs. This research provides empirical evidence to support both the SES and hierarchy theory frameworks and underscores the importance and utility of employing an adaptive systems approach for sustainable PPA management. Results from this study found general commonalities between the on-site and off-site study samples. However, respondent profiles and overall perceptions of crowding, encounter rates, and management preferences have different trend pattens between samples, with significant differences within samples. Respondents in the on-site study sample were predominantly non-locals who visited the WMNF infrequently, perceived moderate levels of overall crowding, preferred higher-use site stratums, and had a very high threshold for maximum visitor encounters per day. Respondents in the off-site study sample, however, trended toward the opposite. Results indicate different modalities of data collection provide substantially different results within the same geographic region and, together, may provide a more precise understanding of the area and related recreation impacts. Study findings suggest recreation researchers and resource managers should consider applying multiple scales and modalities in order to comprehensively assess and understand complex human-nature relationships.

À la carte Management of Recreational Resources

À la carte Management of Recreational Resources

Classification of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Using Night Lights for Evidence of Humans and POI Data for Social Setting

The recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) has been widely recognized as an effective tool for the inventory and planning of outdoor recreational resources. However, its applications have been primarily focused on forest-dominated settings with few studies being conducted on all land types at a regional scale. The creation of a ROS is based on physical, social, and managerial settings, with the physical setting being measured by three criteria: remoteness, size, and evidence of humans. One challenge to extending the ROS to all land types on a large scale is the difficulty of quantifying the evidence of humans and social settings. Thus, this study, for the first time, developed an innovative approach that used night lights as a proxy for evidence of humans and points of interest (POI) for social settings to generate an automatic ROS for Hunan Province using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The whole province was classified as primitive (2.51%), semi-primitive non-motorized (21.33%), semi-primitive motorized (38.60%), semi-developed natural (30.99%), developed natural (5.61%), and highly developed (0.96%), which was further divided into three subclasses: large-natural (0.63%), small natural (0.27%), and facilities (0.06%). In order to implement the management and utilization of natural recreational resources in Hunan Province at the county (city, district) level, the province’s 122 counties (cities, districts) were categorized into five levels based on the ROS factor dominance calculated at the county and provincial levels. These five levels include key natural recreational counties (cities, districts), general natural recreational counties (cities, districts), rural counties (cities, districts), general metropolitan counties (cities, districts), and key metropolitan counties (cities, districts), with the corresponding numbers being 8, 21, 50, 24, and 19, respectively.

Modelling Management of Recreation and Tourist Resources (Samara Oblast Tourism Development Strategy)

The development of the theory of environmental tourism cannot do without solving the problem of optimizing the management of tourist flows. The authors argue that one of the possible solutions can be an approach based on the theory of the potential efficiency of complex systems. With the development of eco-tourism, conditions are created for a balanced preservation of the environment and natural resource potential, the level of social responsibility of business for the environmental content of economic activity increases. Using the example of assessing the recreational value of the natural resources of Samara Oblast, the authors discuss a matrix model with a breakdown of the “tourist community” by age, level of well-being and health status. On the territory of Samara Oblast there are all the prerequisites for the formation and development of eco-tourism. As a result of the study, the authors obtained some parameters of a steady state for drawing up certain schemes for ecotourism management (in particular, within the framework of the tourism development project in Samara Oblast). The authors came to the conclusion that the assessment of strategies for the recreational use of territories is carried out according to several indicators, therefore, the task of multi-criteria analysis inevitably arises. The authors believe that further improvement of this model should go in the direction of maximum consideration of the “diversity of the tourist community”.

ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL POTENTIAL OF RECREATION AND HEALTH-PROMOTING NATURAL RESOURCES

Recreational and health tourism is essential for the development of a system of global resort-tourist relations. Every year, the flow of tourists traveling with recreational and therapeutic purposes to the Russian regions is increasing. Currently, the industry of recreational and health tourism is constantly developing in Russia and it offers a variety of developed services and comfort in the field of health tourism. The modern development stage of tourism and recreation in Russia is characterized by in-depth transformations in all spheres of public life. A market for recreational and recreational services is being formed in the country, and a new state doctrine for the development of tourism activities is being developed. International tourist flows are increasing, and the geography of tourist routes is expanding. The presence of recreational natural resources as a whole determines the territorial landmarks of tourism and recreation. In addition to the resource potential, there are many significant factors such as socioeconomic factors, the type, and level of economic development, the volume and structure of recreational needs that influence the development dynamics of health tourism. Recreational resources usually include both natural and cultural-historical objects, complexes, and their elements, each of which has its specifics. The regions of Russia have unique recreational and health-improving potential, for example, the Marcial waters of Karelia, the radon waters of Pyatigorsk and Belokurikha, the narzans of Kislovodsk, the therapeutic mud of Lake Karachi, the hydrogen sulfide of Matsesta. Such diversity is not found in any other country in the world. This article is devoted to the development of recreational or health tourism, approaches to the assessment of the natural and recreational potential of the territory; identification of factors affecting the natural and recreational potential of the region; formulation of the advantages and disadvantages of the management and development of the regional natural and recreational complex; assessment of the impact of the management of natural and recreational resources on the development of the region and analysis of the recreational natural potential of the Altai Territory of the Russian Federation.

Биоклиматические ресурсы рекреационного природопользования Алтае-Саянской горной страны в летний период

Биоклиматические ресурсы рекреационного природопользования Алтае-Саянской горной страны в летний период

СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТУРИЗМУ: ПРІОРИТЕТИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

Tourism, as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, is defined as an important participant in creating jobs and prosperity, protecting the environment, preserving cultural heritage and fighting poverty. A well-planned and managed tourism sector can help to preserve natural and cultural heritage, expand community opportunities, increase economy and promote peace and intercultural understanding.The rapid and uncontrolled growth of the tourist sector could cause an irrational use of resources, degradation of natural and cultural heritage, as well as negative social consequences, which necessitates a change in the paradigm of development of tourism in the direction of rational management and responsible use of recreational and tourist resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The article analyzes the recommendations of the United Nations (UN) and the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) on the implementation of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the tourism sector, outlines the main priorities of the development of sustainable tourism for the tourist destination of Ukraine, the SDGs taking into account national peculiarities.The growing recognition of the role of tourism in the sustainable development of the countries and the implementation of the UN program: "Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030" is a significant victory, which provides a unique opportunity for all governments to create a reliable and favorable political foundation for the development of this area. In particular, it provides an opportunity for policy makers to active participation in national planning of SDGs of Ukrainian tourism sector in the following areas:1. Implementation to the Ukrainian tourism sector the principles of sustainable development adopted by the UNWTO: SDG 8, 12, 17 "Decent Work and Economic Growth", "Responsible Production and Consumption" and "Partnership for Sustainable Development Goals", respectively. This will make possible to harmonize the national tourism policy with world-wide principles and create favorable conditions for its development, optimize the mechanisms of state administration of the tourism sector at all levels.2. Implementation in addition to SDGs listed above the SDG that are in line with national priorities in the development of the tourist sector of Ukraine, namely, in medical and wellness, rural and event tourism. This corresponds to the SDG 3, 11, 14, 15.3. Establishment of the Sustainable Tourism Observatory in Ukraine, which compliant with the United Nation’s SDGs and the activities of the UNWTO in the organization of International Network of Sustainable Tourism Observatories, which monitor the economic, environmental and social impact of tourism at the level of the destinations.4. Development of indicators for monitoring of sustainable tourism development taking into account national priorities, in particular, resort and recreational potential of Ukraine. The scientific basis for these tasks is the State Institution “Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” (Odessa, Ukraine).5. Diversity and prevalence of recreational and natural treatment resources (mineral waters, medical muds, etc.) on the territory of Ukraine necessitate the establishment of a Register of Tourist Destinations with the distribution of regions according to resort potential with the definition of the resorts specialization, followed by the data on their compliance with the sustainable development criteria. It is urgent for the formation of state policy and spatial planning of resort areas.Implementation of the sustainable development principles in tourism sector of Ukraine will promote protection of the environment and natural resources, cultural heritage, increase of economic indicators and social well-being of the population.

Transition Model: to the Ecologically Balanced Development of the Ecosystem of Wellness Resort Territories

The article rationalizes theoretical aspects of balanced development of wellness resort recreational ecosystems. The wellness resort recreational ecosystem is specifically defined as a spatial system of interconnected ecological, economic and social components, which allows for more accurate elaboration of the methodology basis of the wellness resort stable development concept. The research has in focus the basic features of wellness resort balanced development and provides a characteristic of ecologically balanced recreational management of natural resources, analyzes and summarizes basic principles and specifics of recreational natural resource management. The methods applied include measuring recreational load and extent of recreational digression which were adapted for the current research purpose and resulted in defining the extent of recreational load and stages of recreational digression. A shift towards ecologically balanced development of recreational ecosystem has been proven to be an urgent need and may be achieved through applying the elaborated model and efficient policy targeting ecologically balanced development.

Complex approach to the management of recreational resources at the regional level

Complex approach to the management of recreational resources at the regional level

Property management dominants for recreational natural resources

Introduction. The natural resources national ownership, which basis the formation of state and other forms of ownership, has a complex nature, sometimes its interests do not reflect the interests of every member of society, especially this applies to the system of appropriation in the nature use management. The analysis of various aspects of state property management for natural resources is due to the necessity of its development as a complex, integrated process involving the expansion of horizontal and vertical interactions and relationships.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the vectors for improving the system of state management by appropriating natural recreational resources for their effective disposal, alternatives to use, and, also receiving and distributing the proceeds of its ownership. In accordance with the article aim, were set the following tasks: to investigate the trends of rent payments and environmental taxes revenues to the state budget; to analyze revenues to the state budget from the use of natural recreational resources, for example, forest and water polyfunctional resources; to provide suggestions, how to improve the property state management of natural recreational resources.
 Results. Analyze of positive and negative tendencies towards effective state management, based on the experience of managing property ownership on natural recreational resources in different countries of the world, are identified. The essence of appropriation of natural recreational resources as an economic-ecological category is determined, and includes appropriation of income from natural resources and losses for irrational use of them. The budgetary revenues from the use of natural production factors are analyzed and their insignificant part of the product manufacturing cost in the areas of activity (forest and water management) is determined, where the basis of the produced goods and services are natural resources. The horizontal management functions dissipation of the same natural recreational resources between different ministries and agencies is identified. Priorities recommendations on the improvement of state natural recreational resources property management are given (inter alia, regulatory framework, forecasting and planning, organization, accounting and control).
 Conclusions. The analysis of rent payments for the natural resources use and environmental taxes shows that almost the free assignment of income from the use of natural capital to economic entities. Thus, summing up the research it can be concluded that the state policy regarding the use of natural recreational capital should be based on ecosystem and polyfunctional approaches, and the most effective directions for its use in various sectors of the national economy and forms of ownership should be determined by the state.

Rational nature use of recreational management subjects on the basis of inclusive

Introduction. The existing state of the use of natural resources by recreational management subjects showed problems in the legislative framework regarding methodical explanations of the calculation of rental payments for extraction and use of recreation resources of the recreation management subjects have been identified. The directions of management of the recreation management subjects with attraction of recreational resources on the basis of an inclusive approach are offered. Tax liabilities of the recreation management subjects using natural resources fall into the state budget, and they have to local with them further provision in the form of privileges for improving the ecological situation of recreational and tourist territory.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to provide suggestions for improving management in the field of recreation and tourist use of nature, for example, the use of natural resources of the recreation management subjects on the basis of inclusive. The goal is to fulfill the following tasks: to generalize the existing state of management in the field of the recreation management subjects; provide suggestions on how to improve the management of recreation management subjects, which use recreation resources on an inclusive basis.
 Results. The article substantiates the necessity of administrative management in the recreational and tourist nature management on the basis of inclusive, namely, it is necessary to transfer the rights of state control over the extraction of medical resources to the local level, to improve the system of fiscal and tax control over the recreation management subjects with using recreation resources, etc. Recommendations of improvement financial regulation due to attraction of private entrepreneurship in compliance with requirements of environmental quality standards, standards of environmental impact, technological standards; product quality standards; environmental certification, etc. It is proved that the distribution of taxes from economic activity should come not only to the state budget, but also to the local. At the same time, taxes that come to the local budget should be used as subsidies to improve the ecological state of the same territory.
 Conclusions. The general conclusion is that integrated management of recreational resources and the recreational management subjects should provide implementation horizontal functions that are specific to the type of administrative activity that affects the using by recreational management subjects national natural resources of various forms of ownership. Need a clear economic justification and calculation of tax and rent income from the recreational management subjects using of natural resources. So it is necessary to amend the calculation of rent payments for the use of medical resources to increase them and prescribe methodical recommendations for their determination. It have to ensure simultaneous, common, in one economic-ecological plane for all administrative subjects horizontal and vertical branches of compliance with the principles of inclusiveness in nature management.

Substantive features of the system of the sustainable recreational nature use on rural territories in Ukraine

In the article key characteristics of the system of the sustainable recreational natural resource management in rural areas of Ukraine are substantiated. The aim is to increase the efficiency of the natural recreational resources use taking into account social and ecological functions of the recreation enterprises. Recreational nature management is defined as an economic activity aimed at the rational use of natural recreational resources providing health and recreational services. It carries out a number of economic, social and environmental functions, which play an important role in improving the quality of life of people and contribute to the sustainable development’ goals. It is substantiated that recreational nature management is closely connected with recreational and tourist areas, which became integral parts of the economy of many countries of the world. Demand for recreation and tourism services is constantly increasing due to globalization, socio-economic and technological factors, which actualizes the need to develop comprehensive measures aimed at preserving and restoring recreational resources, their rational and efficient use. In this context, the main strategic goals of tourism and recreation development in rural areas and components of the sustainable recreational nature management system are determined. The expediency of providing an effective interaction of the developed system levels (like organizational, financial, economic, legal, information and communication, etc.) is underlined. Indicators of the sustainable recreational nature management system’s efficiency are determined and the relevance of further scientific researches on the development of mechanisms to meet interests of various stakeholders is proved.

The commons and emergent land in Kvarken Archipelago, Finland: governing an expanding recreational resource

In this article, we explore governance structures of the recreational landscape of Kvarken Archipelago in Western Finland, an area where shore displacement occurs due to land rise and emergent (pristine) land is continuously created. Traditionally a production landscape, of fishing and small-scale agriculture, the recreational value of the archipelago has been acknowledged. The area is a popular second home destination and was designated UNESCO World Heritage in 2006. There are roughly 10,000 second homes within the study area, of which 14% are leaseholds located on emergent land. The emergent land thus makes up a common-pool resource system where private and collective use rights overlap. This article aims to understand the implications for recreational use (second home ownership) through interviews with different local stakeholders such as municipality planners, representatives of commons, local communities, and with environmental and land survey authorities. Especially, it sets out to ask, what kinds of value are created within the recreational resource system, what power relationships within the commons steer the management of the recreational resource system, and what are the implications for recreational use of the landscape. The results show different logics of recreational resource management locally in the studied commons. Access to second homes located within the collectively owned emergent land is limited to part-owners of the commons and tend to be less commercialized and also less modernized than privately owned second home plots.

Research note: Climate change and the demand for summer tourism on Minnesota's North Shore

Very little outdoor recreation and tourism research uses scientifically-grounded climate change projections or weather data to predict future recreation demand using standard contingent behavior methods. The demand studies that have presented visitors with projected changes to climate and weather are limited to predicting visitation demand in a single season at a single destination. This research note reports a replication of a winter tourism demand model for the summer tourism season at the same nature-based tourism destination. A comparison of model findings between the two seasons allows us to determine if, and how, summer and winter tourism demand to a specific destination will be affected by climate change. While winter demand is driven by multiple dimensions of place meanings, summer travel is motivated solely by how the destination shapes individuals’ identities. This replication also considers an additional weather variable – daily high temperature on the day visitors completed the survey – to better understand the relationship between in situ weather conditions and recreationists’ intended travel behaviors. Management implications•North Shore visitors’ future travel behavior, contingent upon warmer temperatures and altered environmental conditions, was not significantly different than past travel behavior.•The projected conditions presented in the scenarios might not have been severe enough that respondents believed they would substantially impact recreational opportunities on the North Shore.•The maximum daily high temperature on the day a respondent was surveyed was not significantly related to contingent travel behaviors.•Recreation resource managers and those in the tourism industry are not likely to see substantial shifts in tourism demand to the region over the next 20 years.