Raw Material Management Research Articles

Single Phase Induction Motor Drive with Restrained Speed and Torque Ripples Using Neural Network Predictive Controller

In industrial drives, electric motors are extensively utilized to impart motion control and induction motors are the most familiar drive at present due to its extensive performance characteristic similar with that of DC drives. Precise control of drives is the main attribute in industries to optimize the performance and to increase its production rate. In motion control, the major considerations are the torque and speed ripples. Design of controllers has become increasingly complex to such systems for better management of energy and raw materials to attain optimal performance. Meager parameter appraisal results are unsuitable, leading to unstable operation. The rapid intensification of digital computer revolutionizes to practice precise control and allows implementation of advanced control strategy to extremely multifaceted systems. To solve complex control problems, model predictive control is an authoritative scheme, which exploits an explicit model of the process to be controlled. This paper presents a predictive control strategy by a neural network predictive controller based single phase induction motor drive to minimize the speed and torque ripples. The proposed method exhibits better performance than the conventional controller and validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results using MATLAB software.

Adaptation to Resources and Environments during the Last Glacial Maximum by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Atlantic Europe

Solutrean culture has been interpreted as a response to the Last Glacial Maximum in western Europe. However, to establish a link depends on our knowledge of the impact of global climatic changes at a local level and on the differential preservation and significance of the record. The identification of lithic sources, technology, function, and place of discard is an effective way to mitigate some of these biases and to improve our understanding of hunter-gatherer societies.We present the results of a study of flint materials found in several rockshelters and open-air sites preserving Upper Solutrean lithic assemblages from France and Portugal, using a Geographic Information System. The network defined by a leastcost algorithm is considered a proxy for social and territorial reconstruction.Our goal is to identify recurrences and differences in Solutrean raw material network and management as compared with Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic assemblages in the same areas, considering environmental changes.

Changes in the Microbial Composition of Microbrewed Beer during the Process in the Actual Manufacturing Line

This study investigated changes in the microbial composition of microbrewed beer during the manufacturing processes and identified potential microbial hazards, effective critical quality control points, and potential contamination routes. Comprehensive quantitative (aerobic plate count, lactic acid bacteria, fungi, acetic acid bacteria, coliforms, and Bacillus cereus) and qualitative (Escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens) microbiological analyses were performed using samples of raw materials (malt and manufacturing water), semiprocessed products (saccharified wort, boiled wort, and samples taken during the fermentation and maturation process), and the final product obtained from three plants. The initial aerobic plate count and lactic acid bacteria counts in malt were 5.2 and 4.3 log CFU/g, respectively. These counts were reduced to undetectable levels by boiling but were present at 2.9 and 0.9 log CFU/ml in the final product. Fungi were initially present at 3.6 log CFU/g, although again, the microbes were eliminated by boiling; however, the level in the final product was 4.6 log CFU/ml. No E. coli or foodborne pathogens (except B. cereus) were detected. B. cereus was detected at all stages, although it was not present in the water or boiled wort (total detection rate ¼ 16.4%). Results suggest that boiling of the wort is an effective microbial control measure, but careful management of raw materials and implementation of effective control measures after boiling are needed to prevent contamination of the product after the boiling step. The results of this study may constitute useful and comprehensive information regarding the microbiological quality of microbrewed beer.

Analisis Perencanaan Pembelian Bahan Baku Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Efisiensi Bahan Baku Pada PT. Unitex

Purchase of raw materials is an important element in a manufacturing company because this function has a responsibility to obtain raw materials with good quantity and quality and in accordance with the requirements. Raw materials are the main source to produce and create finished goods that will be sold by company and make a profit. The production process can only be done when the supply of raw materials available in suficient quantities. The purpose ofthis study was to observe and analyze how the planning of raw materials and how they affect the efficiency ofthe availability of raw materials, as well as to deepen the blowledge of the author regarding the purchase of raw materials and raw material control. In conducting this study, the author make observations directly to the company as well as conduct interviews and analyze the data obtained. The author uses the method of descriptive analysis of qualitative data to analyze the efficiency ofplanning the purchase of raw material availability.Result of this study indicates that PT Unitex Tbk has not applied the calculation methodfor the management ofraw material inventoo. The purchase planning ofraw materials based on the needs of raw materials that can be seen from the orders of the customers. But overall, the purchase planning ofraw materials in PT Unitex is quite eficient on the availability of raw materials. It is shown that the supply of raw materials is never in a state ofzeroand is always in a state ready for production.
 Keywords: purchase of raw materials, purchase planning, availability of raw materials.

El horno de vidrio del siglo xvii de Sa Gerreria (Palma, Mallorca): contextualización histórica y análisis preliminar de los materiales

In this paper the materials of the glass furnace of Sa Gerreria (Palma) dated in the second half of the 17th Century A.D. are analysed. On the one hand, we discuss the available information regarding this glass workshop as well as the raw material management strategies made during the studied period. On the other hand, we focus on the materials produced by this workshop and we carry out a preliminary archaeometrical analysis of the glass lumps, frits and slags recovered —as well as some glass pieces— by means of scanning electron microscope and X-ray dispersive energy. The final aim is to characterise the chemical composition and the properties of the raw materials used in this workshop as well as to approach some of the technical processes put in practice by the glass makers who inhabited Mallorca during the 17th Century.

Employee�s Attitude towards ERP Implementation at Work Place: A Case Study

In the first growing environment, the business will grow with the technology and the technological implementation. There must be an alignment between business strategies and IT strategies. ERP is integrated software which support to all functional domain. This software helps from raw material management, inventory management, and production management, Marketing Management, Human resource management, Finance management and customer management etc. The leading corporate world is not able to implement the ERP software in their company. This is the study through which author interested to find out the factors affecting employees attitude towards ERP implementation DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150231

Measuring Criticality of Raw Materials: An Empirical Approach Assessing the Supply Risk Dimension of Commodity Criticality

Providing a sustainable and reliable supply of raw materials at economic prices has become essential to industrialized economies. Therefore, the need for both economical and sustainable methods and strategies for the management of raw materials has been postulated to enable companies and economies to counteract dramatic effects of supply disruptions, or at least to provide early warnings. The relevant studies assign generic weights to different driving factors and therefrom derive criticality indexes. However, it often remains open how to interpret the resulting measures and how to apply them practically. Here we show that based on current commodity key figures, it is possible to empirically determine the risk for future price increases and fluctuations. Thus, we can identify future supply risks and incorporate their patterns into an empirically calibrated criticality measurement. To this end, we apply the well-known compounding framework used by many companies for their financial planning, calculating net present values and volatility from the predicted future price development. To calibrate each resource specific model, we perform extended regression analyses on our compounded criticality index from time series of 42 (out of about 60 industrially relevant) chemical elements. The analysis thereby covers 9 driving factors for criticality and a 40-year time span. Our results suggest a fundamental modification of current practices for criticality assessment, in particular by scaling the criticality measure to correspond with the net present value of future commodity expenses and future volatility.

Analysis of the Factors Stimulating and Conditioning Application of Reverse Logistics in Construction

Waste minimization and recycling are principles of the concept of sustainable development that is now globally introduced. Construction in the sense of manufacturing goods and construction and exploitation of buildings generates a significant amount of waste. Therefore, the developing of the concept of waste management and the reverse logistics is implemented to the construction industry. A statement released by the European Commission on July 1, 2014, indicates, however, the presence of inefficient management of raw materials in construction. The primary purpose of initiatives published in the statement is to increase the efficiency of resource management by new and renovated buildings and also by the reduction of their overall impact on the environment that occurs in all phases of building life cycle. The main idea of the article is to define the concept of reverse logistics in relation to the construction industry and to analyze factors stimulating and conditioning the implementation of reverse logistics in construction projects, while giving the expected results. Physical flow of raw materials and products in the building life cycle has been analyzed. The article discusses the allocation of reverse logistics tasks among the participants of investment process, so that it has become an economically effective and profiting branch for construction companies along with a profitable environmental aspect. Problems that should be taken into consideration in order to manage the waste and raw material in construction in an effective way have also been indicated. As a conclusion, article shows an example of reverse logistics model, that may be the foundation for creating a decision making supporting system.

Masalah dan Cara Mengatasi Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Siklus Pengeluaran Kas di PT NR

A problem in accounting information systems of expenditure cash cycle in PT NR is estimated purchase raw materials often left over and valuable. To overcome it, accounting information with computer-based systems was designed related to raw material purchase that is expected to speed up procurement process and avoid fraud and error. The system processes waste materials that will be stored and used properly, so as to increase efficiency in purchasing raw materials. The analysis used for the construction of this system was business process analysis, problem identification, and analysis of information needs. The result achieved is accounting information systems of expenditure cash cycle to overcome the problem existing in the company. Research concludes the use of information systems can speed up purchase process and avoid fraud. Raw material management with system will make it easier to perform the calculation of actual costs and improve internal control.

Potential of life cycle assessment for supporting the management of critical raw materials

The security of the supply of resources is a key policy and business concern. This concern has been increasingly addressed by bodies such as the European Commission to help identify materials of potential concern in terms of economic importance and supply risks. Equally, tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA) systematically compile inventories of the resources attributable to the supply of goods and services. Such well-established tools, hence, provide an important opportunity for business and governments for strategic management and for identifying improvement options that reduce reliance on so-called critical raw materials (CRMs). This paper explores current practice and the potential of LCA to help business and governments more systematically assess their supply chains. Raw materials of concern to business and governments in relation to security of supply are denoted as critical. This paper highlights how such CRMs are identified in the existing methodologies. It then focuses on LCA methodology and explores its potential in providing information on CRMs at different levels: considering the flows of CRMs at inventory level, including criticality criteria in the impact assessment, and analyzing the flows of CRMs associated with the consumption of goods and services at macroeconomic scale. Consideration of resource security can be specifically addressed in LCA starting from the goal and scope definition. These CRMs may otherwise be neglected due to cut-off criteria based, e.g., on quantity. If systematically addressed, LCA can provide such CRM information routinely at inventory level. Inclusion of further indicators under the Area of Protection (AoP) “Resources” in LCA may also ensure such assessments more systematically address issues such as criticality. In strategic analysis, as those at macroeconomic scale, LCA results at the inventory (e.g., amounts of CRMs domestically extracted and those used for producing imported and exported intermediate products) and at impact assessment level can better support decision making. At both microscale and macroscale, LCA might have more potential in capturing hot spots and improvement opportunities of raw materials of concern, not only in terms of scarcity. This paper highlights that LCA is well positioned for providing information on resource-related issues of concern to business and governments such as the criticality of raw materials used in the supply chains. The paper outlines the methodological developments that could enhance LCA potential to further support resource assessments to help more systematically meet such business and governmental interests.

The Role of Raw Material Management in Production Operations

Experience had shown that there is critical operational problem regarding raw material management in manufacturing organisations. This has prompted the desire to embark on a conceptual analysis that will examine the problem and strive to proffer useful suggestions. This paper intends to bring to the fore, the salient issue of inefficiency in the practice of raw material management and its effects on production operations of manufacturing concerns by theoretical review. The paper concludes that, should practitioners become proactive by applying proffered solutions, efficiency will be achieved in management of raw materials and production operations.

IASON – Fostering sustainability and uptake of research results through Networking activities in Black Sea & Mediterranean areas

Abstract. IASON Project has the ultimate goal to establish a permanent and sustainable Network of scientific and non-scientific institutions, stakeholders and private sector enterprises belonging in the EU and third countries located in two significant areas: The Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions. The main focal points of the project will be the usage and application of Earth Observation (EO) in the following topics: – climate change – resource efficiency – raw materials management IASON aims to build on the experiences gained by 5 FP7 funded projects, OBSERVE, enviroGRIDS, GEONETCab, EGIDA, and BalkanGEONet. All of the above projects focused on enhancing EO capacities, knowledge and technology in the EU and in neighborhood countries. During their execution time they managed to establish links with a critical mass of research institutions, organizations, public organizations, stakeholders, and policy makers in the Balkan region, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea Basin. IASON intends to create the proper conditions for enhancing knowledge transfer capacity building, and market opportunities in using EO applications and mechanisms in specific research fields that are addressing climate actions resource efficiency and raw materials management.

The Countermeasures on Temperature and Shrinkage Crack of Mass Concrete

Combined with practical engineering，this paper analyzes the mechanism of mass concrete temperature and shrinkage cracks, from raw material selection, structure design, construction, monitoring and management five aspects,the author respectively gives the countermeasures on temperature and shrinkage crack of mass concrete, reference for engineers.

Managing raw material in supply chains

In this paper, we explore how firms can manage their raw material sourcing better by developing appropriate sourcing relationships with their raw material suppliers. We detail three empirical case studies of firms explaining their different raw material sourcing strategies: (a) firms can adopt a hands-off approach to raw material management, (b) firms can supply raw material directly to their suppliers, and this may be beneficial for some agents in the supply chain, and (c) firms can bring their component suppliers together, and the resulting cooperation between suppliers can be beneficial for supply chain. We then analytically model the three raw material scenarios encountered in our empirical work, examine the resulting profits along the supply chain, and extend the results to a competitive buyer scenario. Overall, our results show that active management of raw material sourcing can add value to supply chains.

The LithicUB project: A virtual lithotheque of siliceous rocks at the University of Barcelona

The LithicUB project began in 2009 with two main objectives. The first objective was to make available to the scientific community the description and classification of a set of siliceous rocks that had been recovered from different surveys. The second to make public the lithotheque as a useful tool for archaeological research, related to the procurement and management of lithic raw materials in Prehistory. Thanks to several research projects that have been carried out, the number of samples is steadily increasing and diversifying, including siliceous rocks collected in Spain, Portugal, France, Jordan and Israel.

Research and Design of Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Execution System Based on Barcode Scanning

This article provides a whole solution to the battery manufacturing execution system (MES) which realizes the complete control of data in battery manufacturing ． MES can improve the manufacturing efficiency. Along with many other functions like quality trace, production planning, quality management, production status monitoring, production tracking, profit forecast predicting profit, recording of exceptional production, raw material management, equipment management, report printing etc ．To remain competitive, manufacturers need MES solutions that meet their industry-specific needs. All the functions turn the battery manufacturing execution system into a production, management, decision-making supporting system which combines work flow, data flow and control flow．

Development of Ontological Knowledge Model for Raw Materials Management Task/ Ontoloģiskā zināšanu modeļa izstrāde izejvielu pārvaldības uzdevumam Построение онтологической модели знаний для задачи управления материальными ресурсами

Ontology application is widely used for different purposes and areas. This paper presents the difference between taxonomy and ontology, the steps of ontology development and an example of ontology development for raw materials management. Raw materials management is a process that is considered to be part of the overall supply chain management process and focuses on the tasks of securing the highest quality materials at the lowest rates possible, while also working within the company structure to make sure those materials provide the best possible benefit within the production process.

Methodology for Supply Chain Integration: A Case Study in the Artisan Industry of Footwear

The supply chain is a major issue in a global market. The efficient relationship between supplier-producer-retailer conforms the perfect combination to achieve a high level of competitiveness according to the needs of increasingly demanding and changing markets. The difficulty of synchronizing the members within the SC is related to the inherent uncertain factors. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating the supply chain that can be applied in any type of business. To demonstrate its relevance, a case study is performed at a handmade shoe company. An improved demand forecasting, an optimal balanced production line, a proper inventory management of raw materials, and an efficient calculation of the delivery time to the customer represent some of the main results.

Evaluation of the Ontological Knowledge Model/ Ontoloģiskā zināšanu modeļa novērtēšana/ Оценка качества онтологической модели знаний

An ontology is an explicit formal conceptualization of some domain of interest. Ontology application is widely used in multi-agent systems. Ontology provides the channel through which software agents interact; therefore, if the ontology definitions have not been sufficiently evaluated, communication between software agents may not succeed. Ontology evaluation guarantees to end users the correctness and completeness of ontology definitions and software. The goal is to detect wrong, incomplete or missed definitions in the ontology. The study is based on multi-agent system application for raw materials management task. The common ontology is used for agent cooperation; the quality of ontology is measured with ontology evaluation techniques.

Les matières premières, la technologie lithique et les stratégies d’occupation dans le site du Pléistocène moyen de Covacha de los Zarpazos (gisement de Galería, Sierra de Atapuerca, Espagne)

Variability is one of the most debated topics in lithic technology studies. For the Middle Pleistocene period, this debate has specifically focused on the significance of large cutting tools such as handaxes and cleavers. This paper presents the stone tool assemblage from Covacha de los Zarpazos site, included in the Galería complex at Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). We analyse the management of lithic raw materials, the reduction sequences identified, and the morphological variation in the shape of large cutting tools. The results show that raw materials play an important role in the final variability of tool shape, although they do not represent any real constraint. However, what determines the main variability of a whole lithic assemblage is the occupation strategy and the specific activities carried out in a given site.